RS52277B - A ROTATION ENGINE WITH TANGENT BEAMS AND LAMELS - Google Patents

Abstract

A rotary engine with tangent grooves and lamellae, which has a housing (1), which is made as a two-part circular cylinder (22) in the form of a hollow cylinder symmetrically divided into two independent cylindrical cavities (13, 23), an axially placed rotary piston (2) which is rotatably mounted via an integrally derived shaft (3), the ends of which are inserted into bearings (14) embedded in opposite, on the covers (4), derived bearings (15), whereby the covers (4) are over seals (5) by means of screws (17) ) fixed to the flange (16) of the housing (1), on which tangential grooves (18) shifted by 90° from each other were made on the rotary piston (2) into which leaf springs (19), convex bases (20) and multi-layer lamellas (21), whereby the lamellas (21), which are slightly rounded at their free ends, lie on the inner surfaces of the walls (22) of the cylindrical cavities (13, 23), thereby forming four independent chambers (33). The application contains 5 more dependent patent claims .

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

The field of technology to which the invention refers, in general, belongs to the field of mechanical engineering, and specifically refers to an internal combustion engine with a double chamber and a rotary piston.

According to the International Classification of Patents (IPC, Intel.<7>), the subject of the invention is classified and marked with the basic classification symbol F 02B 53/00, which refers to engines with rotary or oscillating pistons, as well as the secondary classification symbols F 03B 23/00, which defines other engines with combustion chambers of a special shape or construction to improve the work process, as well as F 02B 75/08, which includes engines with two or more alternating pistons moving in the same cylinder.

TECHNICAL PROBLEM

The technical problem that is solved by the subject invention consists in the following: how to construct an internal combustion engine that instead of classic pistons and connecting rods has a rotary piston, which can use all types of gasoline and diesel fuel and at the same time ensures the realization of high compressions without the risk of self-ignition and is characterized by significantly lower mechanical and energy losses, reduced vibration and increased dynamic balance.

STATE OF THE ART

Classic internal combustion engines (Otto and Diesel) convert the thermal energy of the fuel, which burns in the engine cylinder, into mechanical work. With the straight linear movement of the engine piston, it changes to the circular movement of the crankshaft with the help of the connecting rod. Due to the complexity of the mentioned construction and the large number of moving parts that participate in the work process, this process takes place with significant mechanical losses (from 10-15% of the engine's indicator power).

Rotary engines are a more recent but already well-known technical solution first patented by Felix Wankel in 1965, which is still used today on some vehicles (Audi RO 80, Mazda RX 8, Mercedes C 111, etc.). Rotary engines with internal combustion have a much simpler construction because they do not have a piston and the rotation of the piston has a circular motion as well as the output shaft of the engine, which makes the mechanism of transformation of the potential energy of the fuel, i.e. burnt gases into mechanical work, much simpler. Due to the smaller number of moving parts, the working process of these engines takes place with less mechanical losses, that is, they have a higher degree of useful effect and a higher number of revolutions, which makes them attractive for use. With these engines, it is possible to obtain a higher engine power per unit of volume because it depends on the number of revolutions on the one hand and on the other hand on the volume and tactility, so recently they have been experimented a lot in the automotive industry with hybrid drives, the aircraft industry as well as in the industry for the production of helicopters and certain types of marine engines.

The classic rotary engine that works according to the Wankel method in a housing made in the form of a trochoid (dvochoid,...) has a problem with sealing the working space, especially on the transition of the rotary piston from one chamber to another, but also on the front parts of the engine (rotor). The problems of sealing the working space are significantly expressed in a general sense, but the problems related to engine cooling are not far behind them either.

It was this fact (finding) that was the initial impetus for finding a new solution that would solve the aforementioned shortcomings.

A detailed review of the patent documentation in the area related to rotary engines did not find any solution relevant to the invention application in question.

EXPOSITION OF THE ESSENCE OF THE INVENTION

By rotary internal combustion engine with tangent grooves and

lamellar solution to a previously defined technical problem.

The essence of the invention is reflected in the fact that the subject rotary internal combustion engine can use all types of gasoline and diesel fuel while maintaining the maximum coefficient of useful effect with the known advantages of rotary engines compared to classic and modern piston engines.

The essence of the invention is represented by the fact that the engine in question, according to the author's idea, has a duplex chamber with mutually separated cylindrical cavities, circular in cross-section, in which the rotary piston is placed eccentrically in relation to their longitudinal central axis. In this piston, tangentially, offset by 90° from each other, there are four grooves with inserted multi-layer lamellae which, due to the action of leaf springs and centrifugal forces, move tangentially during engine operation and firmly rest on the inner wall of the cylindrical surfaces (cavity) and the boundary rings that close the cylindrical cavities from the front, forming working chambers and enabling compression to be created in the cylinder, i.e. the conditions to enable all four processes of engine operation (suction, compression, expansion and blowing of the working material).

Although the invention retains the basic concept of a rotary piston, what makes it significantly different compared to similar solutions is the cylindrical shape of the housing with a circular cross-section in which the rotary piston is placed, also of a regular cylindrical shape but slightly eccentrically displaced. This solution of an eccentric rotating piston and the use of lamellae that slide along the cylindrical cavity's derivatives during the work process results in less loss of working material due to leakage. It should be noted that the losses of available fuel energy are also reduced due to better sealing in all phases of engine operation, especially due to the original way of side sealing.

The subject invention compared to the technical solutions known so far has several advantages, the most important of which are: - increased engine power compared to classic piston engines, and even compared to engines with rotary pistons; - a simple construction where the rotation of the piston is directly transmitted to the output shaft of the engine, which results in a reduced possibility of breakdowns; - the possibility of a significantly higher number of revolutions; - greater dynamic balance of moving parts; - considerably quieter and quieter operation of the engine; - improved cooling;

- adaptable for all types of fuel, gasoline, diesel fuel, LPG and so on.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE IMAGES AND DRAWINGS

In order to make it easier to understand the invention, as well as to show how it can be implemented in practice, the author refers to the attached drawings related to the application in question, where: Figure 1. represents a schematic view of a rotary internal combustion engine with tangential grooves and lamellae in a longitudinal vertical section;

Figure 2. presents the appearance of a rotary piston with four lamellae in a vertical longitudinal section;

Figure 3. presents the appearance of a rotary piston with four lamellae in a vertical cross-section;

Figure 4. represents the appearance of the engine cover in a vertical cross-section;

Figure 5. represents the appearance of the engine cover in the front view;

Figure 6 presents a schematic view of the cross-sections of the cylinder, rotary piston and lamella, according to the basic version, in the phase of suction of the working material and exhaust of burnt gases;

Figure 7. represents the appearance of a rotary piston with three lamellae in a vertical longitudinal section;

Figure 8. presents the appearance of a rotary piston with three lamellae in a vertical cross-section;

Figure 9 presents a schematic view of the cross-sections of the cylinder, rotary piston and lamella, according to variant I, in the phase of suction and exhaust of burnt gases.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

With a rotary internal combustion engine with tangential grooves and lamellae, where the work of the piston has a circular motion as well as the output shaft of the engine, the mechanism of transformation of the potential energy of the fuel, i.e. combustion gases into mechanical work, is much simpler and much more applicable than classic engines. In the subject description of the invention, which is shown in drawings and description through two variant solutions, which can work either as an auto or as a diesel, they differ from each other only in the number of grooves and working chambers. The basic version has four combustion chambers, while variant I has three.

Basic execution variant

By looking at Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 of the attached drawing, it is easy to see that the essential part of the rotary internal combustion engine with tangent grooves and blades, according to this invention, consists of a housing 1, a rotary piston 2 with a shaft 3 and four blades 21 as sealing elements, covers 4, boundary rings 6, 7, 8 and 9 and springs 10, 11, 12.

The housing l has the shape of a cylinder, symmetrically divided into two independent cylindrical cavities 13, 23, through which the rotary piston 2 passes axially. The ends of the piston 2 are integrally continued into the shaft 3, the ends of which are inserted into the bearings 14 placed in oppositely derived bearings 15 on the outer covers 4, which are fixed to the flange 16 of the housing via seals 5 using screws 17 1. On the rotary piston 2, tangential grooves 18, displaced by 90° from each other, are made symmetrically, in which leaf springs 19, convex bases 20 and multi-layered lamellas 21 are inserted. The lamellas 21 are slightly rounded at their free ends so that, pushed by the leaf springs and the effect of centrifugal force, when rotating the rotary piston 2, they slide along the inner walls 22 cylindrical cavities 13, 23, thereby forming four independent chambers 33. The volumes of these chambers due to the eccentrically derived central axis of the rotary piston 2 change depending on the position that the lamellae 21 occupy in relation to the inner wall 22. The front and back sides of the cavities 13, 23 are sealed with boundary rings 6, 7, 8, 9, while the sealing efficiency of the internal boundary rings 6, 7 is provided by a spiral spring 12 pulled on the rotary piston 2 while the complete sealing of the outer rings 8, 9 is achieved by means of springs 10, 11 moved to the central extensions 24 of the cover 4. The cavity 25 serves to accommodate the coolant while the space 26 in the housing 1 has the function of the engine crankcase.

The chamber 23 is connected by an opening 27 to a spark plug 28 or an injector, which is used to ignite the compressed mixture. The cavities 13, 23 are connected to each other by means of a "by pass" channel 29 so that the exhaust opening 39 of the cavity 13 represents the suction opening 34 of the cavity 23. In order to seal the shaft 3 on the outside of the cover 4, a seal 32 is placed. the construction of the housing 1 and the rotary piston 2 is axisymmetric in the longitudinal and transverse directions.

Looking at Figure 6, which shows a schematic representation of the operation of the engine with four blades 21, it can be seen that the cross-sections of the cylindrical cavities 13, 23 and the rotary piston 2 represent regular geometric circles of selected diameters that are mutually dependent on the selected eccentricity "ex". 21 of equal length and different widths, inserted into the grooves 18, occupy a position shifted by 90° when four grooves are made in the rotor. During the operation of the motor, the blades 21, under the action of centrifugal force and pushed by the leaf springs 19, come out of the grooves 18, sliding along the surface of the inner wall 22 and the boundary rings 6, 7, 8, 9, preventing the penetration of the working material between the adjacent ones. chamber 33. Working area of the engine, that is, cavities 13, 23 is thus divided into four chambers 33 in which the work process takes place at the same time but in different phases. One work process is performed for 360° and the remaining three for the next 270°, which means that for the 630, four work processes (suction, compression, expansion and blow-out) are performed synchronously in the cylinder cavities 13, 23 of the engine. Those processes are continuously and permanently changed.

The working process of the engine with four slats 21 in the duplex variant takes place as follows: the set of slats 35 in the process of moving (clockwise) along the wall 22, at the point "a", opens the intake channel 31 and the mixture of fuel and air - working material for the oto or fresh air for a diesel engine with parameters p£i t2 under the influence of the resulting vacuum enters the working space 33 of the engine. The process of movement of the set of slats 35 continues, where it It creates a vacuum behind it that pulls the working material or fresh air into the engine cylinder - this is how the suction process is carried out. When the front edge of the set of lamellas passes over the point "c", which is the outer dead center, and the front edge of the set of lamellas 36 passes over the point "b", the suction is completed and the compression starts from the point "c" onwards and continues until the set of lamellas 35 reaches the position "a". set of lamellas 36 at the "c" position. At that moment, the partially compressed mixture or fresh air, which depends on the selected working process of the engine, auto or diesel, with parameters pi and tipreko of the outer tube 29 (by pass) passes into another part of the working space (cavity 23) where the compression process continues. The set of lamellas 35 and 37 open the overflow pipe 29 through which it enters the working space 33 with its rear edges at the point "f" of the chamber 23 partially compressed working material and mixes with the remains of the burnt gases compressed by the set of lamellas 38 on the way from point "k" to point "f". Compression continues until the set of lamellas 35 reaches point "i", i.e. until the moment when the set of lamellas 35 and 36 are in a symmetrical position in relation to the vertical axis and point "h". At that moment, the spark from the spark plug 28 ignites the compressed mixture (or the injector of the fuel system), causing from point "i" the spread of burnt gases (expansion). When the rear edge of the lamella set 35 passes over the "j" point, blowing occurs, which ends the work cycle in the observed chamber. The same work processes, shifted in phase by 90°, take place in the next three chambers as well.

It is especially emphasized that the variant of the engine with four blades 21 is more favorable for the diesel process because in this way higher pressures and temperatures are achieved in the compression space 33, which is important for the quality of the diesel process. If, according to this example, the engine is operated in a diesel variant, at point "h", fuel is injected into the working space with a high-pressure pump when self-ignition occurs and the release of thermal energy and expansion resulting from the expansion of the burnt gases occurs. of the rotary piston 2 and the point cp=360°, i.e. the point when the set has closed one circle. The exhaust of the burnt gases ends when the lamellas 37, 38 pass over the point "k" on the exhaust pipe 30.

Due to the differences in the positions and surfaces of the lamellae 21 (between the previous and the next) and the pressures in the chambers 33, the force of the gases (J0<n>FgSdF=|0<n>psrdp/0<ri>AsrdA) is realized at the appropriate distance from the center of rotation of the rotary piston 2 with defined values of torque, i.e. power. Such a solution with cylindrical cavities 13, 23, i.e. the construction of the duplex engine was realized according to the author's idea so that in the process of work

the motor had a lower thermodynamic load and in the suction and exhaust process there was

mixing of partially compressed working material with parameters p^ i was avoided

that is, which passes through the overflow channel 29 from the cavity 13 into the cavity 23 and the exhaust. residual gases

(hydrides). This phenomenon cannot be completely eliminated, but it can be reduced. According to this example, the process of suction and partial compression is carried out in cavity 13 of the engine and then continues in cavity 23, where ignition, expansion and blow-out are performed.

It should be noted that this type of engine design reduces dimensions, losses of working material and thermodynamic loading of the engine's cylindrical cavity.

Variant I

By carefully studying Figures 1, 7, 8 and 9, it can be seen that the rotary internal combustion engine with tangent grooves and lamellas according to variant I, consists of: housing 1, rotary piston 2 with three grooves and lamellas 40 as sealing elements mutually displaced by 120°, covers 4, boundary rings 6, 7, 8, 9 and springs 10, 11, 12.

The housing 1 has the shape of a cylinder, symmetrically divided into two independent cylindrical cavities 13, 23, through which the rotary piston 2 passes axially. The ends of the piston 2 are integrally continued into the shaft 3, the ends of which are inserted into the bearings 14 placed in oppositely derived bearings 15 on the outer covers 4, which are fixed to the flange via seals 5 using screws 17 16 housing 1. On the rotary piston 2, there are three symmetrical tangential grooves 41, displaced by 120° from each other, into which leaf springs 42, convex supports 43 and multi-layer lamellae 40 are inserted. along the inner walls of 22 cylindrical cavities 13, 23 forming three independent chambers 44. The volumes of these chambers 44, due to the eccentric central axis of the rotary piston 2, change depending on the position of the lamellas 40 in relation to the inner wall 22. The front and rear sides of the cavities 13, 23 are sealed with boundary rings 6, 7, 8, 9, while the sealing efficiency of the internal boundary rings 6, 7 is provided by a spiral the spring 12 is pulled onto the rotary piston 2 while the complete sealing of the outer rings 8, 9 is achieved by the springs 10, 11 moved to the central extensions 24 of the cover 4, the cavity 25 serves to accommodate the coolant while the space 26 in the housing 1 has the function of the engine crankcase.

The chamber 23 is connected by an opening 27 to a spark plug 28 or an injector, which is used to ignite the compressed mixture. The cavities 13, 23 are connected to each other by means of a "by pass" channel 29 so that the exhaust opening 39 of the cavity 13 represents the suction opening 34 of the cavity 23. In order to seal the shaft 3 on the outside of the cover 4, a seal 32 is placed. the construction of the housing 1 and the rotary piston 2 is axisymmetric in the longitudinal and transverse directions.

By looking at Figures 8 and 9, which show a schematic representation of the operation of the motor with three lamellae 40, it can be seen that the cross-sections of the cylindrical cavities 13, 23 and the rotary piston 2 represent regular geometric circles of selected diameters that are mutually dependent on the selected eccentricity "ex". lamellas 40 of equal length and different widths, inserted in the grooves 41, occupy positions shifted by 120°. During the operation of the engine, the lamellas 40, under the action of centrifugal force and pushed by the leaf springs 42, come out of the grooves 41, sliding along

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on the surface of the inner wall 22 of the cylinder and the boundary rings 6, 7, 8, 9, preventing the penetration of the working substance between the adjacent chambers 44. The working space of the engine is thus divided into three chambers 44 in which the work process takes place simultaneously but in different phases. One working process is performed for 360° and the remaining two for the next 120°, which means that for 480° three working processes are performed in the cylindrical cavities 13, 23 of the engine, i.e. combustion process. Those processes are continuously and permanently changed.

The working process in the duplex variant, with three slats, takes place as follows: The set of slats 45 in the process of moving along the surface (wall) 22 along the back edge at point "a" opens the suction channel 48, so the working material (mixture of fuel and air in the ratio 1:17 - 1.18) or clean air under the influence of the created vacuum enters the working space 44. The process of moving the set of slats 45 then continues, leaving it behind vacuum that pulls the working material into the engine cylinder with parameters p0i t0. When the set of lamellas 45 passes over the point "c", the suction is completed and the suctioned material begins to be compressed. At that moment, the front edge of the set of lamellae 47 at point "a" begins to close the suction channel 48. From point "c" onwards, compression of the sucked working material begins and continues until the set of lamellae 45 comes to position "d" and the set of lamellae 46 to position "c". At that moment, the partially compressed working material with parameters pi and tipreko connecting pipe 49 passes into another part of the working space of the engine, where the compression process continues. The set of lamellas 47 with its rear edge at the point "f" in the second part of the working space, the cavity 23, opens the overflow tube 50 through which partially compressed working material enters the working space 44 and mixes with the remains of burnt gases compressed by the set of lamellas 46 on the way from the point "k" to the point "f". The compression lasts until the set of lamellas 45 reaches the point "i", i.e. until the moment when are sets of lamellae 45, 47 in a symmetrical position in relation to the vertical axis. At that moment, the ignition of the working material occurs with a spark from the high-voltage coil or fuel injection from the high-pressure system and the release of thermal energy, which causes an increase in the pressure of the burned gases between the two slats (chamber 44) to pmaxi tmax. From point "i" onwards, the spread of burnt gases occurs. When the rear edge of the set of lamellas 46 passes over point "j", blowing through pipe 51 begins and one cycle ends in the observed chamber. The same work processes take place in the next two chambers 44. According to this example, the engine variant with three lamellae 40 and chambers 44 was chosen as more favorable for the otto process.

Due to the differences in the positions and surfaces of the lamellae 40 on which the gases with maximum pressure, pmax (between the previous and the next) and the pressures in the chambers 44 act, the force of the gases (J<n>FgSdF=J<n>psrdpo.f<n>ASrdA) is realized at the appropriate distance from the center of rotation of the rotary piston 2 with defined values of the torque, i.e. power. This solution to the construction of the duplex engine was implemented according to the author's idea for thermodynamic relief, and therefore in the suction and exhaust process mixing of the partially compressed working substance with the parameters pji, which flows through the overflow channel 50 from the cavity 13 into the cavity 23, and the exhaust, residual gases, would be avoided. at every moment of engine operation, suction is performed in one of the chambers 44, compression in the second, and ignition, combustion or exhaust in the third, depending on the position of the lamella 40 in relation to the zero point. In this way, the engine operation process is completed from the moment when the observation of the rotation of the piston 2 for one round (2n) began.

Exhaustion of burnt gases occurs when the rear edge of the set of lamellae 45 passes over the point "c" on the exhaust pipe 51a and ends when the front edge of the set of lamellae 46 passes over the point "k". and in this case, due to the differences in the surfaces of the lamellae 40 on which the gas force acts in the cavity 13 of the engine housing 1, the gas force is realized, with defined torque and power values, with the note that, as in the first example of the invention, suction and partial compression were previously performed, while compression, ignition of the working material, expansion and its blowing were completed in the cavity 23. This construction reduced the loss of the working material and the thermodynamic load engine cylinder.

METHODS OF INDUSTRIAL TRANSFER OF INVENTIONS

Application of the invention is realistically possible where there is a need to use rotary engines with internal combustion, this means primarily the automotive industry (passenger cars - hybrid drives, trucks, buses, and especially military and other special vehicles). It is especially emphasized that the engine in question can be successfully used to start helicopters and special marine engines because it is much lighter, cheaper and easier to maintain.

The industrial production of the invention in question is possible in factories for the production of internal combustion engines, noting that the production of such engines is simpler and the costs of production and maintenance are reduced. Wider application of engines according to this technical solution could lead to a faster development of the automotive industry as a whole and increase the quality and prolong the life of motor vehicles, i.e. reliability in work.

Workshop and project documentation for the realization of the invention can be done by experts in the subject area using the description and drawings from the subject application.

Claims (6)

1. A rotary engine with tangential grooves and lamellae, which has a housing (1), which is made as a two-part circular cylinder (22) in the form of a hollow cylinder symmetrically divided into two independent cylindrical cavities (13, 23), an axially placed rotary piston (2) which is rotatably mounted over an integrally produced shaft (3), the ends of which are inserted into bearings (14) mounted in the opposite, on the covers (4), derived bearings (15), whereby the covers (4) are fixed to the flange (16) of the housing (1) by means of the seals (5) with screws (17), INDICATED BY TIME, which are tangential grooves (18) shifted by 90° from each other on the rotary piston (2) into which leaf springs (19), convex bases (20) and multilayer lamellae are inserted (21), where the lamellae (21), which are slightly rounded at the free ends, lie on the inner surfaces of the walls (22) of the cylindrical cavities (13, 23), forming four independent chambers (33). 2. A rotary engine with tangential grooves and lamellae, according to claim 1, INDICATED BY the fact that the front and rear sides of the cavities (13, 23) are sealed with boundary rings (6, 7, 8, 9), where between the inner rings (6, 7) a spiral spring (12) is inserted and pulled onto the rotary piston (2), while between the outer rings (8, 9) and the cover (4), placed on the central extensions (24), there are spiral springs (10, 11). 3. A rotary engine with tangential grooves and lamellae, according to claims 1-2, DESIGNATED BY TIME, which is the cavity (23) connected by the opening (27) to the spark plug or injector (28), while the cavities (13, 23) are connected to each other by the by-pass channel (29). 4. A rotary engine with tangent grooves and lamellae, according to claims 1-3, DESIGNATED BY TIME, which cross-sections of the cylindrical cavities (13, 23) of the rotary piston (2) represent regular geometric circles that are mutually dependent on the selected eccentricity of the rotary piston (2) in relation to the central axis of the cylindrical cavities (13, 23). 5. A rotary engine with tangential grooves and lamellae, according to claims 1-4, DESIGNATED BY TIME, which are annular cavities (25) for housing cooling liquid and cavities (26) for housing engine lubrication oil. 6. Rotary engine with tangent grooves and lamellas, according to requirements 1-5 and variant I, DESIGNATED BY TIME, which on the rotary piston (2), instead of four, there are three tangential grooves (21) offset by 120° from each other, in which leaf springs (42), convex bases (43) and multi-layered lamellas (40) are inserted, which rest with their rounded ends on the inner walls (22) cylindrical cavities (13, 23) form three independent chambers (44) in which suction, compression and combustion are performed.