RO135474A2 - Thermal insulation system for buildings, with vacuumed enclosures - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a thermal insulation system for buildings, with vacuumed enclosures, useful in the thermal insulation of buildings, for reducing heating fuel expenses during winter and air-conditioning electric energy expenses during summer. According to the invention, the insulation system comprises a vacuumed PVC board which is actually a box from which air is extracted by a vacuum pump, some valves and cocks, thereby achieving the insulating vacuum which has a heat transfer coefficient 20 times lower than expanded polystyrene, said vacuumed board consisting of a PVC box (1) in which some spacers (2) are placed in order to prevent box deformation caused by vacuuming and a valve (3) similar to vehicle wheels valves, for evacuation of air from the PVC box (1), valve which, after the required vacuum level of 0.1 Pa is reached, will be sealed, in order to prevent air from getting inside, where said vacuumed PVC boards may be attached directly onto the building exterior wall, using adhesives and plastic dowels arranged at the corners of the vacuumed PVC board, similarly to the polystyrene boards insulation system, with the proviso that, for newly built buildings, the vacuumed PVC boards may also be placed on the interior of the wall.

Description

ΟΓΪοΐΐΓοΕ STATE FOR INVENTIONS AND MÂHc. Patent Application _No. “r · ......” 1 6 -07- 2020 Date deoozit ................. “r—

I. Description of the invention

Thermal insulation system for buildings with vacuum enclosures

1.1. Specifying the technical field in which the invention can be applied.

Thermal insulation of buildings is absolutely necessary today, to save energy and the costs associated with it. It is known that a house can lose up to 35% of heat only through the uninsulated ceiling, up to 25% through uninsulated walls, 10% through uninsulated floors, 20% through windows and another 25% due to drafts. In fact, efficient thermal insulation of the house means not only lower heating costs during the winter, but also the reduction of the electricity bill during the summer, when we have to use air conditioners to cool down. Perhaps the most important factor to consider when choosing a home's insulation material is its R-value. This value indicates the resistance to heat transfer by conduction of the thermal insulation material. The higher the R-value, the higher the insulation capacity of the material. The thermal resistance is calculated: R = 1 / Q.

1.2. Presentation of the state of the art.

Polystyrene is the most widely used material for home insulation, in part because of its low cost compared to other insulation materials, but also because it achieves efficient thermal insulation, which reduces maintenance costs. The window is a significant source of heat transfer, therefore its main components actively influence the energy performance of the home. Double glazing is the most widely used solution for windows due to its low heat loss. For the PVC frame of the window we have a thermal coefficient of 1-1.7 W / mpK, and for the trypan glass with 52 mm thick argon, 0.6 W / mpK.

There are also panels with vacuum glass microfiber (cotton wool), airgel blankets, vacuum polyurethane sponge, in which the thermal insulation layer is given by: vacuum glass microfiber, or vacuum polyurethane sponge. In this project, the thermal insulation layer is given by the vacuum space inside the pvc box (1), which contains the plexiglass spacers (2).

1.3. Presentation of the technical problem that the invention solves.

10 cm thick expanded polystyrene boards can be replaced with 8 cm thick vacuum plastic plates that will have a 5 times lower heat loss. For tripan windows filled with argon, by emptying the space between the windows we will reach a heat loss 8 times lower.

Both vacuum plastic plates and vacuum windows will have 5.5 mm diameter plexiglass spacer bolts (l). Thus, a 43 cm thick wall will have: 20 cm BOA, 8 cm vacuum plate, 15 cm BCAfori 10 cm).

This thermal insulation system will be used in geographical areas with low temperatures or at high altitudes. These vacuum pvc boards can also be used for thermal insulation of cold rooms in food depots. Vacuum glass can fit both double glazed windows and glazed walls.

1.4. Disclosure of the invention.

The vacuum enclosure can be a vacuum pvc board or a vacuum trypan glass. Thermal calculation.

1.4.1 .Vacuum pvc board.

In the calculation we consider the middle d = 50 mm from the thickness of the plate, as a thermal barrier. The wall thickness of the pvc box on the edge is 1.5 mm, and on the front faces the wall is 2.5 mm thick.

The area of the plastic section Ap = 0.0045 sqm; Area of plexiglass section Apx = 0.00024 sqm; Vacuum section area of 1 Pa, Av = 0.5 sqm.

Q = X A / d, λ- thermal conductivity, [W / m ° K]; A - section area; d- section thickness;

Q- heat loss per hour; consider the temperature difference of 1 ° K. plastic λ = 0.2; λ plexiglass = 0.2; λ empty of 0.2 Pa = 0.002.

Qp = 0.2 0.0045 / 0.05 = 0.018W; Qpx = 0.2 · 0.00024 / 0.05 = 0.001 W;

Qv = 0.002-0.5 / 0.05 = 0.02W;

Q = Qp + Qpx + Qv = 0.04 W - hourly heat loss through the 8 cm vacuum pvc board; Qpo = 0.04 · 0.5 / 0.1 = 0.2 W- heat loss per hour through the 10 cm thick polystyrene plate. So through the vacuum pvc plate we have a heat loss 5 times lower than through the polystyrene plate. If we use fiberglass (glass fiber) for the box (1), then we have 6 times better insulation than 10 cm polystyrene board, but the material costs are higher. Fiberglass boards are non-flammable which is an advantage.

1.4.2. Empty tripan window.

We consider a 0.2 Pa vacuum trypan glass, with 2 4 mm glass plates on the outside, a 2 mm glass plate on the inside, the distance between the plates of 15 mm, so practically the total thermal insulation distance is 30 mm , with an area of 1 sqm. Similar to the pvc board, we consider that here we have 9 spacer bolts (2) made of plexiglass 05.5 mm distributed on the surface of 1 sqm. So:

Qpx = 0.2 · 0.0003 / 0.03 = 0.002 W; Qv = 0.002-1 / 0.03 = 0.067 W;

Qtv = Qpx + Ov = 0.069 W - hourly heat loss through vacuum trypan glass.

For 1 sqm of trypan glass with argon and the distance between the windows of 2 x 1.5 cm we have: Qta = 0.0179-1 / 0.03 = 0.596 W- heat loss per hour through the trypan glass with argon. Therefore, vacuum trypan has 8 times less heat loss than argon trypan. The material of the spacers (2) is plexiglass, but it can also be fiberglass or M5 HT polymer.

1.5. Indication of how the invention can be exploited industrially.

From an industrial point of view, vacuum pvc boards can be manufactured using technologies used in pvc window profiles and pvc drums, after which they are vacuumed and sealed on a stand composed of a vacuum pump and valves, specialized in this field. .

For vacuum tripan windows, the technology from tripan windows with argon is used, only that they are no longer filled with argon but are vacuumed, on a specialized stand for this field.

No new manufacturing technologies are needed for this new building thermal insulation system, but existing ones in the field of plastics and vacuum production can be adapted. Vacuum pvc boards with a thickness of: 8.10 cm, as required, can be produced in a production section of pvc drums with minimal changes in the technological flow.

1.6. Presentation of the advantages of the invention in relation to the prior art.

The vacuum pvc board is practically a box from which the air is extracted with the help of vacuum pumps, valves and valves, thus achieving the insulating vacuum which has a heat transfer coefficient 20 times lower than that of expanded polystyrene. For the insulation of exterior walls, ceilings and floors, this method can be replaced by expanded polystyrene boards, extruded polystyrene, vacuum fiberglass boards; with vacuum-packed pvc boards 8 -10 cm thick, as the case may be, and in the case of windows can be successfully replaced the trypan windows with argon or krypton, with vacuum trypan windows.

1.7. Brief presentation of each drawing.

In figure 1, we have represented the vacuum plate composed of the pvc box (1) in which the plexiglass spacers (2) are located, which have the role of preventing the deformation of the box by vacuum. To evacuate the air inside the pvc box (1), we have the valve (3), similar to those on car wheels, which will be sealed later after obtaining the required vacuum level of 0.2 Pa, to prevent air from entering the interior.

in figure 2, we have represented the way in which the pvc vacuum plate (2) is arranged within an external wall, between the bca bolt (1) located inside the wall, and the bca bolt (3) located on the outside of the wall. This building system is used in small buildings, up to 4 floors.

in figure 3 we have represented a panel with vacuum plate (l), used in large constructions with more than 4 floors, these being previously assembled in other locations, to finally obtain productivity when raising the exterior walls of the building, and implicitly of a neighborhood of houses. The pvc vacuum plate (2) is embedded between the plate bca (1), and the plate bca (3), by means of adhesives. Panel dimensions: 1000 x 500 x 430 mm.

in figure 4 we have represented a vacuum trypan glass, where the space between the inner glass sheet (2) and the middle glass sheet (3) is emptied by means of the valve (1). Similarly, we have emptied the space between the outer glass sheet (4) and the middle glass sheet (3). The glass sheets are embedded tightly in the trypan glass frame (6). In order to avoid the deformation of the windows, above the permissible value by vacuum, we have the plexiglass spacers (7). The vacuum trypan assembly is mounted in the pvc frame (5) of the window.

In figure 5 we have the diagram of a vacuum stand for the vacuum plate (2). On this stand the air is extracted from the vacuum plate (2) by means of a group of vacuum pumps (1) which absorbs the air from the enclosure, by means of the valve (3) and the pipe path (4). Trypan windows will also be emptied.

1.8. Presentation of the object of the invention.

The main object of the invention is the use of vacuum enclosures for thermal insulation of buildings, because the vacuum with a value of 0.2 Pa has a coefficient of conductivity, much lower than other materials used for this purpose, respectively vacuum 0.2 Pa λ = 0.002 [ W / m ° K], and the vacuum of 0,1 Pa has λ = 0,001 [W / m ° K], The extraction of the air from the pvc box (1), will be done in steps with the help of a vacuum installation, until it reaches the required vacuum level, maybe even the value of 0.1 Pa. Technically, there are currently 0.0001 Pa vacuum production plants, enough for our needs for this project. The material from which the pvc box (1) is made is similar to that used in the pvc profiles of double-glazed windows. The inside of the pvc box (1) will be of minimum roughness. After emptying the enclosure and shielding the valve (3), the pvc box (1) will even be lined on the outside with a pvc foil, for additional sealing. The valve (3) will be specially designed for this purpose, following the model of those in the automotive industry. The spacers (2) will be manufactured separately, after which they will be glued or heat-sealed to the inside of the pvc box (1), which will be composed of a 1 m long tubular part with two heat-sealed caps on the ends. The dimensions of the pvc box (1) will be 1000 x 500 x 80 mm.

Vacuum pvc boards can be attached directly to the outside of the building wall, with adhesive and plastic dowels placed in the corners of the vacuum pvc board, similar to the polystyrene tile insulation system. Of course, there is also the possibility of placing vacuum pvc boards inside the wall, for newly built buildings.

The use of vacuum plates in newly built buildings is done according to fig. 1 and fig.2; these processes can be developed within a medium-sized company. Vacuum plates can be sandwiched between 20 and 15 cm thick, or 20 and 10 cm thick. Also, instead of drinking, you can use ceramic bricks of the thicknesses mentioned in drinking. The vacuum panels in Figure 3 will be packed in pallets for transport, and will be mounted on the exterior walls of buildings using construction cranes, as the weight of a panel is 90 kg.

In the case of vacuum trypan windows, the vacuum procedure is identical to that of vacuum pvc boards, shown in Figure 5.

Claims (1)

II. Claims Claim 1 This claim relates to the vacuum plate of FIG. 1, which, due to its parallelepiped shape and thermal insulation characteristics obtained by vacuum (thermal conductivity for vacuum of 0.2 Pa is 0.002 W / m ° K), is a novelty by which we obtain a competitive product in the field of thermal insulation boards, and the pvc material from which the vacuum plate is made is a priority in the practice of thermal insulation of the interior of the exterior walls of homes. Claim 2 This claim relates to the vacuum panel of FIG. 3, which by its constructive composition from the plates bca (1) and (3) that includes the vacuum plate (2) which is practically a vacuum enclosure, confers a new advantageous concept of thermal insulation in the field of exterior walls, from the practice of constructions. Claim 3 This claim relates to the vacuum trypan glass of FIG. 4, which through the vacuum produced inside the enclosures: between the inner glass sheet (2) and the middle glass sheet (3), respectively the outer glass sheet (4) and the middle glass sheet (3), we obtain two thermally insulating layers, which lead to the reduction significant loss of energy of this type of trypan glass, compared to the other variants of trypan glass now existing in the field, filled with argon or krypton. / 1