RO134839A2 - Equipment for decorticating hemp stalks for hemp bundle - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an equipment for decorticating hemp stalks for hemp bundles, meant for industrial processing in view of obtaining textile fibres. According to the invention, the equipment comprises a framework (1), a feeding table (2), a hood (3) and eight pairs of rollers, as follows: a pair of stalk guiding rollers (4) consisting of two fixed shafts, an upper one and a lower one, fixed on some bearing boxes (14), where only the upper one is driven by a sprocket wheel (13), and being provided with some discs (15) with rubber sleeves (16) and with some separating discs (17), a pair of flattening rollers(5), a pair of splitting rollers (6), a pair of crushing rollers (7) provided with some spot faces and some profiles (18 and 20) assembled by screws (19 and 21), two pairs of dislodging rollers (8 and 10), two pairs of crushing rollers (9 and 11) and a lattice dislodger (12).

Description

STATE OFFICE FOR o o n

Patent application de'mWntleP ^ 003

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Deposit date

HULL STRAPS FOR HORSE STRAPS

The invention relates to an equipment for peeling hemp stalks for string intended for industrialization in order to obtain textile fibers.

Hemp is a textile plant in the Cannabaceae family, Cannabis sativa and includes two species: Cannabis sativa culta, cultivated primarily for fiber, and Cannabis indica, used to obtain narcotic products. The fibers are very strong and that is why the stem is difficult to cut, tangling in the knives of the harvesting machine - which means that strong cutters must be used, otherwise harvesting will be difficult.

The stems should be cut as long as possible - the long fibers being better and more useful than the short ones.

Strength, elasticity, flexibility, hygroscopicity and other properties allow many products to be obtained from long hemp fiber (rope): ropes, bags, hoses, transmission belts, tents, ship's sails, furniture fabrics, summer clothes, etc. .

Towels (40-50% fiber) are used in the furniture industry and as an insulating material.

The hemp stalk from which the fibers are extracted is straight and has branches at the bottom. Its length is between 1 and 3 m, and the thickness varies from 4 to 8 mm. Hemp stems, for textile fibers, are assessed by: the predominant color, which is usually yellow - greenish or yellow, the length to a certain percentage of plants, thickness and moisture.

Mechanical breakage of stems is known as dehulling and results in the separation of free fibers from the less valuable wood core (ie waste).

The fiber content in the stems is influenced by variety, technological and pedoclimatic conditions. Fibers have a number of particularly valuable properties in strength (tensile, torsional, friction, rot), extensibility (elastic and plastic), spinning capacity, length longer than sisal, jute, manila or cotton fibers, which make them usable in a number of fields: in the textile industry, in the manufacturing industry, in the automotive industry (in the manufacture of door panels and dashboard in cars of the Bugatti, Veyron, Jaguar, Bentley, BMW 3, BMW 5, BMW 7 and Mercedes - Benz class A, C and S).

Due to the increasing need for industrialization of hemp, the demand for equipment specialized in its processing exceeded the supply.

But given that the stem of this plant is fibrous and hard, making machines equipped to handle and process this strain is not an easy task.

Hemp being a plant with woody stems is almost impossible to decompose with traditional equipment used for common agricultural products (such as cereals).

This feature makes hemp products applicable to a virtually unlimited number of commercial and industrial products.

The first step in obtaining any high-value hemp product is peeling. Depending on the peeling equipment, the stems may be wet or dry.

The husking process removes the hard inside of the wood (bark) and separates the fibrous tissue of the stem.

Peeling generates both shells and glued materials, which are cellulosic fibers, found in the composition of the stem. Each fraction obtained is useful, but with different applications.

The proposed equipment will be able to be used by all economic agents whose basic activity is the processing of hemp stems in order to obtain textile fibers, whose use has gained a great extension lately, all using the stem after processing: fiber as a main product and puzderia as a by-product.

In the state of the art are known companies producing hemp stalk peeling machines: Power Zone Agriculture, USA, (moving machines with platform and own drive), Canadian Greenfield Technologies Corp, Canada, (industrial type machines), Zhanjiang Weida Machinery Industrial CO -LTD, China (machines working stationary and with the possibility of being moved) and several patents such as: US 1308376/1919, US 24809602/1949, US 5465464/1995, US 5720083/1998,

The disadvantages of the constructive solutions adopted by these manufacturing companies and encountered in the studied patents consist in the fact that:

- feeding is not uniform and the stems may overlap;

- some of the work rollers need a rather complicated realization;

- Chinese ones do not ensure a high degree of peeling;

Μ

The first technical problem that the invention aims to solve is the realization of an equipment that uses a pair of guide rollers to ensure a uniform supply of hemp stalks. The upper roller will be operated by a chain wheel transmission and the lower one will be supported on two bearings with bearings. The hemp stalks caught between the two rollers due to the frictional force that appears between the roller on the upper roller and the plants will be moved over the rollers on the lower drum.

The second technical problem that the invention solves is that the first pair of rollers intended for crushing are of a special construction consisting of: the lower roller is made of a pipe provided with several blades on which are removably mounted U-rolled profiles ; the upper roller is made of a pipe on which a double number of blades has been made compared to the lower drum. A T3 profile is removably assembled on each blade. When mounting for commissioning, adjust so that a T-profile on the upper roller falls in the middle of the U-profile on the lower roller. In this way, rollers are made with a great labor economy and with profiles as interchangeable rifles whenever needed.

The hemp stalk peeling equipment has as novelty elements the following: - compact construction, with the realization of all the specific phases of the hulling: plant guidance, flattening, splitting, crushing and detachment of the pruning;

- for the pair of guide drums, the upper drum ensures the entrainment and guidance of the plants and the lower one only the guidance of the plants;

- simplicity in making the first pair of crushing rollers.

By applying the invention the following advantages are obtained:

- covers all the phases of peeling;

- constructive simplicity;

- high degree of elimination of pus;

- low cost price;

- low energy consumption;

The following is an embodiment of the invention in connection with Figures 1, 2 and 3 which represent:

- Fig. 1 - Equipment for peeling hemp for twine - general assembly diagram

- Fig. 2 - Equipment for peeling hemp for twine - pair of guide rollers;

- Fig. 3 - Equipment for peeling hemp for twine - pair of crushing rollers I;

Figure 1 shows schematically the equipment for peeling hemp stalks for twine consisting of: frame 1, feeding table 2, hood 3 and 8 pairs of rollers: a pair of guide rollers strains 4, a pair of flattening rollers 5, a pair of splitting rollers 6, a pair of crushing rollers 7, a pair of displacement rollers 8, a second pair of crushing rollers 9, a second pair of displacement rollers 10, a third pair of crushing rollers 11 as well as the lattice dislocator 12.

Figure 2 shows the pair of guide rollers consisting of a pair of stationary shafts spaced apart at an adjustable distance from each other depending on the thickness of the plant stems.

The upper shaft is provided with a number of discs made of a material with a high coefficient of friction (low hardness rubber) 15, mounted at a given distance from some high hardness rubber or polyamide sleeves 16, mounted on the lower shaft and separation discs 17. These discs also have the role of detaching the leaves from the stem.

These shafts are positioned so that the discs on the upper shaft are positioned in the middle of the distance between two separating discs on the lower shaft. Both axes are supported at the ends on a bearing 14. The upper shaft is driven by the chain wheel 13. Due to the force given by the mass of the components on the upper shaft and after driving in the rotational movement through the chain wheel 13, in contact with the fed stems are pulled and pushed towards the flattening rollers 5.

The distance between the two axes is automatically adjusted according to the diameter of the stems of the material to be fed by means of spring devices.

Figure 3 shows the pair of rollers performing the first crushing. Both rollers have a special construction. The lower roller is made of a round pipe, chosen in such a way that the U5 profiles, item 20, can be fitted after making the blades. They are interchangeable and are assembled with the screws 21.

The upper roller is made of a round pipe, chosen so that after making a double number of blades the same number of T3 profiles can be mounted with small adjustments, item 18. The assembly of the profiles on the pipe will be done with the screws 19, which , are positioned offset on the wings of the T3 profile.

Hemp stalks prepared for peeling (without inflorescence and leaves) are placed on feeding table 2 and inserted into the pair of guide rollers. At the guide rollers between the separating discs 17 only one stem can enter and pass. The stems are driven by the discs 15 and are taken over by the flattening rollers 5. The leaves involuntarily left on the stems are retained by the separating discs 17 or detached at contact between discs15 and sleeves 16.

When passing between the flattening discs 5, the round-shaped stems flatten and take an elongated shape depending on the diameter of the stem, the thickness of the stem wall and the distance between the rollers. The flattened stems then pass through the splitting discs 6, where each stem is cut into strips.

The strips obtained reach between the crushing rollers 7, where the wooden part is subjected to a first crushing process. The overlap of the depth swept by both rollers partially crushes the wooden part. The material passing through these rollers passes through the first pair of displacement rollers 8, which removes a good part of the crushed wood, which is then evacuated. What is left is taken over by the second pair of crushing rollers 9, where the process of crushing the wooden part is continued, which is subjected to the dislocation process from the two pairs of dislocating rollers 10, where part of the part is evacuated. woody (puzderie). The remaining material is taken from the third pair of crushing rollers 11 where part of the remaining wood is crushed. What came out of the crushing process from the third pair of rollers is thrown on the lattice dislocator 12. Due to its vibration system, given by the elastic supports on which the drum is mounted at the upper end, while moving lattice strips part of the wood part adhered to the fibers comes off and is discharged and collected separately.

Claims (3)

demand 1. Equipment for peeling hemp stalks for twine, characterized in that it consists of a frame 1, feed table 2, hood 3, a pair of guide rollers stems 4, driven by a pair of flattening rollers 5, a pair of splitting rollers 6, a pair of special construction crushing rollers 7, a pair of displacement rollers 8, a second pair of crushing rollers 9, a second pair of displacement rollers 10, a third pair of crushing rollers 11 and the lattice dislocator 12. 2. Equipment for peeling hemp stems for twine, characterized in that the pair of guide rollers 4 consisting of two stationary shafts fixed to the bearings 14, only the upper one being driven by means of the chain wheel 13, spaced apart from each other at a distance distance adjustable according to the thickness of the plant stems, the upper shaft being provided with discs 15 made of a material with a high coefficient of friction, mounted at a distance imposed by the sleeves 16 of high hardness rubber or polyamide and separating discs 17, mounted on the lower shaft, the discs also having the role of detaching the leaves from the stem, according to claim 1. 3. Equipment for peeling hemp stalks for twine, characterized in that, the pair of crushing rollers 7 of special construction, the lower roller being made of a round pipe, chosen so that after making seven equidistant plates it is possible to mount the profiles 20 of type U5 (7 in number), interchangeable and assembled with screws 21, and the upper roller being made of a round pipe, chosen so that after making 14 blades can be mounted with small adjustments profiles 18 type T3 (number 14), with the screws 19, which are positioned offset on the wings of the profile 18, according to claim