RO126321A2 - Protection, survival and rescue cabin used in case of natural cataclysm and/or armed attacks - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a protection, survival and rescue cabin used in case of natural cataclysms and/or armed attacks. According to the invention, the cabin is carried out as a closed metal construction resembling a spear tip and provided with a resistance structure symmetrical in relation to two vertical planes perpendicular to each other, said structure being carried out by overlapping three distinct geometric bodies namely a base body in the shape of a right prism, followed by a truncated right pyramid and finally, closed in its upper part with a pyramid, the structure being upholstered inside in order to ensure the occupants a protection against high temperatures, loud noises and contusions, provided with access doors, chairs for occupants, and also means for rescue, ensuring the survival, communications and possibly protection, any planar cross-section, parallel with the soil, which is carried out in any of the overlapped geometric bodies which form the cabin, has, in case of a first embodiment, an oval shape, in particular an ellipse, or, in case of another embodiment, a rectangular shape, the strength structure of the cabin being carried out on the basis of four stanchions (d, e, f, g), each of them being arranged in one of the vertical planes perpendicular to each other, outside every stanchion and along it there being arranged a cutting knife made of hardened steel (l) whose cutting edge is undulated or denticulate, and in the apex of the cabin, in the point where the four cutting edges meet one another, there is fixed a cutting knife having a shape of a cross chisel and a double height in comparison with the height of the cutting knives (l), and to the one of the four stanchions there is fixed a rescue cable (1) comprising two pieces of different cross-sections, the first piece, the one fixed to the stanchion, having an increased cross-section, allows the cabin to be removed from the wreckage and the second one having a reduced cross-section allows only the removal of the cable.

Description

LQ protection, survival and rescue cabin in case of natural cataclysms and / or armed attacks

The invention relates to a small cabin, intended to provide protection, in optimal conditions, to two to four people during the occurrence of natural cataclysms such as high-intensity earthquakes, typhoons and hurricanes and also to make it possible and their survival, under satisfactory conditions, for a period of time sufficient to make it possible to rescue them by their own forces or with outside help, in cases where the building is severely damaged or even collapsed.

The cabin can also be used to quickly house the staff of diplomatic or commercial representations, journalists, etc., located in politically and / or military unstable areas, in case of terrorist attacks, in situations where the time between the alarm and the attack itself is too short to use a suitable shelter or no such shelter is available. At the same time, the cabin can be used as a base of defense and counterattack at least until the arrival of a military group specialized in anti-terror.

It is known that in the event of the collapse of an inhabited building, regardless of the causes, earthquake or armed attack, many people lose their lives, not as a result of the fact that some vital organs were suddenly destroyed, but , as a result of suffering more or less serious injuries caused by dislocated construction parts, the fact that they do not have the means of rescue and subsistence strictly necessary for survival until their rescue, the fact that immediately after recovering they can not communicate with rescue teams so that they realize their exact position and situation and, in turn, rescue teams have no real way of realizing their position and situation. On the other hand, groups of journalists, businessmen, diplomats, etc., in the event of an armed attack directed against them, have no real means of physical defense against the attackers regardless of whether they, as private individuals, are or are not able to use a defense weapon at least until they are rescued by the regular army or anti-terrorist groups.

In order to prevent such effects and situations, various means of protection are used, known under various names given by their inventors, such as cabins, assemblies, structures, rescue and survival cells. Thus, a cabin is known that has the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped whose outer walls are made only of thick sheet metal (US 6,349,508). All six sides of the parallelepiped are provided with circular, butterfly-type doors that can rotate around diametrically arranged bearings.

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The walls of the cabin are padded on the inside to avoid serious contusion of the occupants in case of collapse of the building. At the same time, the occupants have the opportunity to sit on a bench and fix themselves to the wall in a stable position by means of seat belts. The place created under the bench also serves as a storage space for food, first aid kit, etc. Although it is relatively easy to execute and ingeniously constructed, its main disadvantage is that, being made only with flat sheet metal faces, it is practically impossible to take over all the efforts due to shocks or crushing forces that occur in extreme cases, even if it is provided with additional stiffeners, primarily due to the fact that on any of the flat surfaces of the cabin can be placed a huge amount of debris which, in the end, can even lead to its destruction.

A large space structure is also known, which can serve as a protection and survival space for a large number of people, a structure made of rectangular metal profiles (US 6,101,709). It starts from a basic structure in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, continued in the middle with a prism trunk with the faces divided into eight triangular surfaces and finished, at the top, with a closing plate, flat but stiffened by perpendicular sheaths her.

It is obvious that, although the division into triangular segments, similar to lattice beams, gives it a good mechanical resistance to shocks, crushing forces and various torsional moments, the use of rectangular profiles with different strength on different axes will give a different resistance to stress, depending on the direction of impact. On the other hand, because the upper surface of the structure, which comes in direct contact with the falling reinforced concrete mass, is a flat slab, in case of collapse of the construction the entire load of dislocated material will be taken over by the slab. Also, because this construction is not a closed, monobloc one, it can only be located at the base of the building whose occupants must protect it. This is, first of all, because for its placement on the upper floors, the respective floor must be much reinforced. secondly, with the collapse of the building, that metal structure will also be destroyed. It can be noticed, however, that the authors also thought about the need to dampen the shocks received by the cabin vertically, providing for this purpose some hydraulic dampers inside the base of the columns.

A spatial, foldable construction is also known, which can be quickly depilated in emergencies and thus transformed into a triangular prism capable of providing sufficient protection to those who enter it in the event of an earthquake (U.S. 5,867,947).

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The construction is made only of articulated pipes. The solution is quite interesting but relatively expensive due to the additional mechanisms required. In addition, this foldable prism can protect people inside only from large pieces of construction, which do not penetrate inside it, but it can not protect them from the fragments that hit inside it.

An anti-seismic rescue and survival construction is also known in the form of a large cabinet with a sliding door on one side and braced walls (FR 2731033). Inside, the building is provided with two parallel benches arranged facing each other on its two large sides. The flat shape of all the walls and consequently their large surface implies the need to make very strong reinforcements in order to withstand shocks, torques and crushing forces thus having the same disadvantages as that which is the subject of the patents already mentioned. It can be seen that in case of an earthquake, all these means of protection have a common disadvantage, namely, they can be destroyed or severely damaged relatively easily, if the whole building collapses, because they can not always withstand the huge amount of debris. what falls on them. Or, in fact, this is exactly the main purpose for which they are built, that is, to withstand, without deforming in case of collapse of the building, protecting their occupants.

An anti-seismic booth is also known, which is the subject of patent RO 119643 B1 and international registrations. This cabin has the shape of a spearhead provided with four distinct edges made by four pillars hereinafter referred to as uprights, arranged partly vertically and partly inclined and has a resistance structure made in the form of a polyhedron formed by overlapping three other distinct polyhedra namely , one basic in the shape of a straight rhomboidal prism, followed by another median in the shape of a trunk of a rhomboidal pyramid, and finally the top one in the shape of a rhomboidal pyramid. In other words, any flat section, parallel to the ground, has a diamond shape. the whole structure is made only of pipes welded together with the four uprights arranged on the axes of symmetry of the rhombus, uprights braced in the form of a lattice beam. Made in this way, it behaves, practically, as a monobloc construction, closed, if it is built for a number of two to four people and is, as experiments have shown, indestructible when the building in which it is located collapses. Also, being light and small in size, it can be placed in any home or in any room of an apartment building.

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The construction of this cabin starts from a new principle, namely that of not allowing large crumbs to accumulate on it, thus crushing it practically under them, which happens with the other known types of cabins, but to be crushed instantly at falling on it to dissipate around it, thus creating a kind of protective coating around it, ultimately protecting it from the next blows, cushioning the shocks received and taking over the tasks that occur during the collapse of the building. This quality is due to the spearhead shape of the cab and is accentuated by some cutting knives arranged along the outer generators of the uprights.

However, this cabin also has a disadvantage, derived from its diamond shape, very advantageous in terms of mechanical strength but also disadvantageous in terms of space available to occupants in the knee area, it is quite small, because the two four occupants sit back to back along one of the diagonals of the rhombus. Obviously, things can be fixed very easily by increasing the size of the cabin, but this also means a corresponding increase in its weight. This increase is of no significance when the cabin is installed on the ground floor of a building, where there is a firm foundation, or on a floor so sized as to withstand its weight without problems, but in the case of its placement in an ordinary apartment. , any extra kilogram can have the effect of making it impossible to mount it in that place.

The technical problem solved by the invention consists in the realization of a protection cabin with a larger interior space for the occupants, in the conditions of keeping intact the capacity to take and dissipate shocks, crushing loads as well as torques and an increase. insignificant of its weight; at the same time, it is necessary that this cabin can be used, with minor modifications, for protection, survival and rescue both in case of natural cataclysms and in case of terrorist attacks carried out with ordinary weapons in such situations.

The protection, survival and rescue cabin in case of natural cataclysms and / or armed attacks, according to the invention, solves the above technical problem by eliminating the mentioned disadvantages by the fact that, like the cabin presented above, it has a spearhead shape, it is provided with a structure of symmetrical resistance to two vertical planes perpendicular to each other, a structure made by superimposing three distinct geometric bodies, namely, a basic body that could be called a straight prism, followed by a straight pyramid trunk and finally closed at the top with a pyramid. in the present case, however, any flat section, parallel to the ground, made through

Ο 2007 any of the three overlapping geometric bodies that make up the cab shall have an oval shape, in particular an elliptical shape, or, in the case of another variant, a rectangular shape. in a particular case, the upper body may also be made in the form of a simple rectangular pyramid, straight, for any of the variants, a pyramid whose apex formed by any two of the four opposite uprights, arranged in planes of symmetry, must not exceed preferably 120 degrees, in order to be able to effectively break the concrete slabs falling on it. In other words, the only essential difference in shape between the current and the previous cab is that, if the front cab started from a base body with a rhombus section, in this case in one of the variants the base body has as section a oval, in particular an ellipse and in the second variant the base section is a square or a rectangle or, in other words, the base body is a rectangular parallelepiped.

The protection, survival and rescue cabin in case of natural cataclysms and / or terrorist attacks, according to the invention, has the following main advantages:

- if the elliptical shape of the horizontal flat section of the cab is adopted, its interior volume increases and so does the load-bearing capacity of the various cabs as the beams forming the helical contour are now mainly subjected to compression;

- if the shape of a rectangular prism is adopted, the resistance capacity remains the same as for a rhomboidal prism in the conditions of obvious increase of the interior space and at the same time the exterior space is better used, for example, if several cabins are arranged side by side.

- being an ensemble independent of the structural system of the building, it does not take over and oppose the huge efforts induced in construction by seismic forces or their equivalent and as such does not introduce new imbalances between the centers of mass and those of rigidity of buildings;

- properly built, each cabin can be used successfully not only for protection in case of armed attacks but also for retaliation, the placement of several cabins in the same space allowing mutual support, with its own weapons but also for providing first aid, fast , each other, after the danger has passed. Other smaller but important differences for cabin safety will be presented in the detailed description. The following is an embodiment of the invention in connection with Figures 1 to 4 which represent:

FIG. 1 is an overview, in vertical plane, of the rescue cabin according to the invention;

- fig. 2 is a simplified, top-down overview of a booth having an oval or elliptical shape;

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- fig. 3, overview, in vertical plane of the resistance structure of the cabin;

- fig. 4, schematic section, in horizontal plane, through a rectangular cabin in a section parallel to the ground.

The protection, survival and rescue cabin in case of natural cataclysms and / or armed attacks, according to the invention, is mainly a structure or, in other words, a metal construction, A, made in the form of a complex geometric body, which can be divided, by sections parallel to the ground, into three other elementary geometric bodies, simple, distinct, superimposed, their external shape being a function of the concrete shape of the section or, more precisely, as this section is, in the first embodiment, the one recommended by the author, an oval, in particular a ellipse or, in the second embodiment, a square or rectangle.

For the simplest case to define, the one in which the section is a square or rectangle, the three bodies that form the metal construction A, starting from the bottom up will be, a base body of the shape of a straight prism, continued in the middle position with another body, b in the shape of a straight pyramid trunk, the latter being finished with a top body made in the shape of a straight pyramid c. For the first embodiment we will have all three bodies except that in each section we get an oval, and in a particular case an ellipse. in this variant, the last body, the upper one, can even be an ordinary rectangular pyramid and not an oval one in section, because its height is small in relation to the height of the other two bodies and here we no longer need additional space for cabin occupants but only resistance or, obviously, the resistance of this upper body, to loads of all kinds, is very high.

It is easy to see that the shape of the cabin looks like a spearhead and was chosen because this tip can easily break all the concrete blocks that fall on it.

the whole resistance structure is made only of high shock resistance pipes, additionally stiffened by gussets arranged at the corners of each joint. With regard to the construction chosen for the cabin and the material for the construction of the structure, we must mention the following considerations that led us to adopt this technical solution:

- First of all, we can assume that a construction of the cabin type, which is in a collapsing construction, will be subjected in the vast majority of cases to crushing forces due to the mass of dislocated material falling over it. consequently, the general shape of the pyramid is the most appropriate for obvious technical reasons;

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- secondly, during the actual collapse of the cab, simultaneously with the whole mass of material above it, it can turn virtually, finally, in any position so it must withstand torsions, shocks, forces of crushing, in any position and in any direction would appear those efforts. For these reasons, the shock-resistant pipe was chosen as the execution material, because it is the only laminated profile that has the same resistance modulus in any direction of stress, and the resistance modulus / weight ratio per linear meter is very good and also for these considerations. it is made in the form of a spatial beam braced in the planes of the faces and axes of symmetry.

The detailed description of the mechanical skeleton of the cabin was made in the mentioned patent, therefore we will not resume it. We will only highlight the changes that have taken place. For starters, we will limit ourselves to saying only that the 4 vertical edges, which we will call uprights, d, e, f, g, practically form the basic skeleton of the structure. The uprights d and e are arranged on one of the axes of symmetry of the skeleton, in this case on the small axis, and are obviously equal to each other. The uprights f and g are arranged on the other axis. Horizontally, the uprights are connected to each other by sleepers h, ij and then braced, preferably in all planes, especially in the case of the cabin intended for a number of four people, so that, in the end, an extremely metal construction / structure is obtained. solid that can withstand any kind of stress. When making interior braces, however, it will be taken into account that there will be crossings from one side of the cabin to the other so that the people there can be saved, or can be rescued, on the most accessible door.

On the outside, the resistance structure will be covered with sheets of sheet metal k whose thickness and quality depends on the purpose. Thus, this thickness will be smaller if it is intended to withstand only possible natural disasters such as earthquakes or it will be a shield if the cabin must withstand various armed attacks. In order to be able to withstand chemical attacks, the cabin must be perfectly watertight, and its occupants must have oxygen reserves for several hours.

For each variant the changes seem small but the effects obtained are large. Thus, for the first variant, when the section of the base body is an oval and in a particular case an ellipse, the basic effect obtained consists in the fact that the horizontal sides of the structure of the sleepers h, i, j are no longer mainly subjected to bending, but to compression and it is well known that it is preferable for a metal beam to be subjected to compression and not bending. In other words, the cabin can withstand much greater effort in

4-2007-00250-1 0 -04- 2007 the conditions for the insignificant increase of its weight. secondly, the space now available to cabin occupants in the knee area increases significantly. For the second variant of the cabin, the additional space, laterally, obtained for the occupants is even greater which allows them to increase the number and quantity of means of subsistence, rescue and defense, of any nature, can be avoided and side blows suffered by the occupants, in the knee area, during the collapse of the building together with the cabin. The four uprights of the cab are also provided with cutting knives / along them, but now the cutting edge has a wavy or toothed shape to increase the breaking effect of masonry blocks or other loads falling on it. The top of the cab, more precisely the meeting place of the four cutting knives, is provided with a separate knife m, which has the shape of a cross chisel and a height practically double the height of the rest of the knives, which allows breaking even more easily. concrete blocks and masonry fallen over the cabin.

In case the building collapses and the cabin is trapped under the rubble, a rescue cable 1 is provided fixed with one end to one of the cab uprights, close to the top. The free end of the cable is taken out of the room through a hole made in the highest point of its outer wall, then led vertically on the facade and will be fixed at the highest point of the building which can be assumed to remain at surface and after its collapse. The cable is marked from meter to meter along its entire length starting from the connection point to the cab. if necessary, the remaining end of the surface may indicate, by extension, the distance at which the cab is immobilized under the rubble. At the upper end of the cable, fixed to the building, will be attached an identification plate, not shown in the drawing, which will have marked on it the identification data of the owner and his apartment. Pulling on this cable will only tow the cab as well as any pieces of masonry that cling to it.

In situations where it must be relatively long, the lifeline shall be made of two pieces of different sections: the first section, the one fixed to the cab, shall be long and strong enough to be able to tow and remove the cab. under the rubble. The second piece will be of smaller section, but will be of sufficient length to allow it to be fixed to the uppermost part of the building, if the building has been destroyed, most likely at least a portion of the building. this piece will remain on the surface of the rubble and pulling it we will be able to bring to the surface the second piece of greater thickness, sufficient to tow the cabin. A reinforced hose 2 will be attached along this traction cable

C \ - 2 Ο Ο 7 - Ο ο 2 5 ο - 1 Ο -04- 2007 equipped with a filter 3, conical in shape at the tip so that it can be pulled more easily through the rubble for the supply of suction air from outside the cabin, by by means of a compressor, its occupants, a cable for power supply, low voltage, communication equipment, heating, rescue, etc. with which the cabin is provided as well as a cable for direct communication with those inside the cabin. If the situation requires, one of these cables can also serve as a radio-tv antenna, possibly for long-distance transmissions. Two access doors 4 can be conveniently arranged, depending on the situation, on one side and / or the other of the formed geometric body. If the cabin is only used for rescue in case of natural disasters, some side walls, inside and / or outside, can be made removable.

in both variants, the occupants, preferably from two to four persons because for this number the strength of the cab is maximum under conditions of minimum weight, are arranged back to back along one of the axes of symmetry of the oval or respectively, quadrilateral. To the existing braces in the plane of symmetry of the cabin are fixed, on one side and on the other, in the already known way, some 5 sliding seats vertically by means of spring dampers, made according to the braking system used for larger caliber armament. In other words, the fastening system must allow the seats to oscillate, damped, vertically in both directions.

Cab compartments can communicate with each other through the gap left between braces. Each cabin is equipped, depending on the situation and the desire of the applicant with means of protection, survival, rescue, first aid, radio communications, etc.

in the side walls of the cab and in the spaces under the seats there are compartments protected by lids, for the storage of adequate means of rescue and survival, such as food, water, medicines and other sanitary products, various tools and tools, landline and mobile , alarm siren powered by an accumulator battery, radio, radio means of communication, means of defense and retaliation, etc. Everything in the cabin, food, medicine, tools, etc. they will be well fixed in their compartments, so that they do not come off in shock and cause injury to people inside.

The cab windows 6 can be sealed with easily removable, possibly folding shutters.

They can serve not only for communication with the outside but also as firing pads. The cabins specially created to withstand terrorist attacks can also be provided with observation and firing holes, made in its side walls, where you can j η -04- 2007 observe the situation from the outside or even shoot with the weapons from provided. Obviously, these holes can be covered tightly from the inside similar to the way used in .ancun and armored conveyors.

In order to take over and dissipate the shocks in case of collapse of the building, the whole cabin rests, in a vertical position, on four support legs 7, identical, one arranged in the extension of each of the uprights d, e, f, g, of the polyhedron. Each leg is actually a so-called shock absorber and impact, with annular springs or hard rubber discoidal elements. That construction is not detailed because the solution is well known from the wagons of the railway wagons. These shock absorbers have the quality of dissipating approx. 65-75% of the impact energy and obviously are cheaper and more reliable than some hydraulic shock absorbers, qualities that have permanently perpetuated their use in railway wagons.

Inside, the walls of the cabin are provided with upholstery, in order to protect the occupants from impact and thermal insulation of the cabin. The upholstery can be made of plastics, resistant to fire and high temperatures, as well as sponge, its thickness being greater in the head area of the shoulders and knees.

Each cabin access door is provided with a locking device 8 which can be operated both from inside and outside it if the cabin is intended for rescue in the event of natural disasters or only from the inside if it is cabin also serves as a means of protection in case of armed attack. obviously each of the two doors must be properly reinforced and braced and securely fastened in hinges.

If necessary, for aesthetic reasons, the cabin can be masked at the site by a decorative construction such as furniture.

Claims (3)

Protection, survival and rescue cabin in case of natural cataclysms and / or armed attacks Claims 1. Protection, survival and rescue cabin in case of natural cataclysms and / or armed attacks, made in the form of a closed metal construction, which has a spearhead shape and is provided with a structure of symmetrical resistance to two vertical planes perpendicular to each other, a structure made by superimposing three distinct geometric bodies, namely, a base body in the shape of a straight prism, followed by a straight pyramidal trunk and finally closed at the top by a straight pyramid, being padded inside to provide its occupants with protection from temperature, high noise, and contusions, with access doors, occupant seats as well as means of rescue, survival insurance, communication, and possibly defense, characterized by that any flat section, parallel to the ground, made by any of the three overlapping geometric bodies that make up the cab has in the case of a The first variant is an oval shape, in particular an elliptical one, or, in the case of another variant, a rectangular shape. Cabin according to claim 1, in which the resistance structure is constructed on the basis of four uprights (d, e, f, g) each of them being arranged in one of the vertical planes perpendicular to each other, characterized in that, on on the outside of each upright and along it there is a hardened steel cutting knife (/) having a cutting edge of a wavy or serrated shape and on the top of the cab, in the meeting place of the four cutting edges, a cutting knife is fixed in shape of cross chisel and of a double height compared to the height of the cutting knives (/). Cabin according to Claim 1, characterized in that a rescue cable (7) made of two pieces of different sections, namely the first piece, is attached to one of the four uprights (d, e, f, g) the one fixed to the upright by an enlarged section, which allows the cabin to be removed from under the rubble and provided with an air filter (3) with a conical tip at its far end and the second by a small section, which allow only the enlarged section cable to be removed together with the filter (3) from under the rubble.