RO126030A2 - Installation and process for treating domestic and industrial garbage - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an installation and a process for treating domestic and industrial garbage. The claimed installation comprises a washing basin (1) in connection with another collecting basin (21) whereto there is connected a pipe (22) wherethrough there is circulated the water originating from said basins (20 and 21) and passed through some filters (22 and 23) for washing the fume taken over from some fume stacks (8), wherein there are mounted some subassemblies (A) for recovering the thermal energy from the hot fume, the collecting basin (21) being also connected with a sucking pipe (29) of a pump (28) which pushes the water into a reactor (B), the resulting gas being introduced into a filter (43) together with the steam and thereafter the separated gas being sucked in by a compressor (52) and pushed into a tank (54) wherefrom the gas is directed to some electric current generators (56 and 64) and to furnaces of some boilers (7). The claimed process consists in that the waste, before crushing, is washed with water having a pH of 2...5, the water resulting from washing the waste and the fume being introduced into the reactor chamber wherein there take place some electrical discharges produced between the lower and upper side electrodes and the central electrode, the supply voltages of the side electrodes being equal and having values within the range of 40...60 V, and the supplying currents having an intensity of 500...1500 A, the resulting gas being exhausted from the chamber together with the steam at a temperature of 180...500°C and being subjected to filtration, as a consequence whereof the recovered steam drives a steam turbine and after having been passed through a heat recovery device, the resulting water is cooled to 40...50°C and pushed into the reactor chamber until an established level is reached, the water from this chamber is discharged periodically in order to be passed though a filter that retains the carbon particles, then the water is introduced into the reactor chamber, the gas being stored at a pressure of 150...200 bar.

Description

The invention relates to an installation and a process for the continuous flow treatment of household and industrial waste containing components based on rubber, plastics, metals, cellulose and others which have a provenance due to household consumption or industrial use.

There are known installations for the treatment of the domestic waste that have in sorting sorting, subassembly of shredding and boilers in the outlets to which are burned premarried waste.

The disadvantages of these facilities are that they do not incinerate rubbers and plastics from waste, and the resulting residues in the form of smoke are not retained so as not to affect the environment with noxious effects.

Procedures are known for treating household or industrial waste, applied within the above mentioned installations, consisting of grinding the solid components of the waste and incinerating them in the boilers where the steam is produced for consumption, and the resulting smoke is evacuated to the atmosphere in order to retain the particles in particular. solid.

The disadvantages of these processes are that they require a sorting of the components of the household or industrial waste so that no residues containing rubber and plastic are subjected to mechanical processing phases in order to reduce them.

The problem solved by the group of inventions, according to the claimed inventions, is that household or industrial waste containing rubber and plastics is treated, under the conditions of reducing the combustion noises unexpectedly with the recovery of a combustible gas component. the fact that by recovering the residues as a result of washing the smoke with water whose pH is maintained at a value of 2 ... 5 are retained

these residues by the liquid medium so that it is possible to treat this multiphase system in a field in which there is a certain energy expressed in eV / cm. As a result of this treatment, a generation of gas containing hydrogen, oxygen and carbon is carried out in the atomic state, when the temperature gradient decreases with a constant value forming an amorphous carbon deposit which is recovered and the gas is used as gas. combustible.

The installation according to the invention removes the disadvantages shown above by the fact that it consists of wash basins and, respectively, of collection, which are connected to each other by a pipe, from the collection basin being connected another pipe, through which the water coming from to some basins and filters interspersed for the washing of the smoke taken from baskets mounted in connection with some boilers that produce steam from which a certain flow is conveyed by subassemblies to recover the thermal energy from the hot smoke, the collection basin being related to and a suction pipe of a pump, which pushes water through a dirty water pipe having contained an solenoid valve in a reactor which is with a lower connection from which an suction pipe of an electric pump that pushes water through - a filter and then through a pipe having an elect installed in it valve in the pipe upstream of the solenoid valve, of the dirty water pipe upstream of the solenoid valve being connected a pipe having mounted in a solenoid valve through which, with the help of an electric pump, cold water is passed through a cooler to which is a connected pipe in connection with a heat recuperator in which the steam resulting from a filter conveyed through a pipe passes through a turbine which activates a generator, the gas resulting from the reactor being conveyed through the said pipe being introduced into the filter, together with the steam and further the separated gas. being sucked through a conduit by a compressor and pushed into a tank from which the gas is directed to some current generators

CV 2 Ο Ο 9 - Ο Ο 4 6 2 - 1 8 -06- 2009 electric, as well as through a pipe and some solenoid valves with pressure reducer

- in the outlets of the boilers mentioned.

Another object of the installation according to the claimed invention is the subassembly for the recovery of the thermal energy from the hot smoke which is composed of a tubular body, which has some central cylindrical and end curved portions respectively, in the cylindrical portion having a core centered in this with the help of supports thus forming an annular space through which steam from the boilers circulates.

Another object of the installation according to the claimed invention is that the reactor is composed of a housing which delimits a chamber, in which central and lateral electrodes are placed respectively upper and lower, the electrodes being mounted on a shaft and respectively rods, the shaft passing through a cable gland mounted in a lower portion of the housing and being driven in a rotational motion, by means of a screw-wheeled screw assembly, by an electric motor which together with another electric motor is fixed to a plate, through at the same time of bars and respectively by a rack fixed by the lower portion, the second mentioned electric motor being able to move, by means of a pinion of balls along the rack, the plate, the rods crossing one of some hinges mounted in some side portions of the housing, and being isolated from the outside with the help of e temperature-resistant cranes which in turn are in contact with one of some tubular protectors made of an anti-corrosive material, each of the side portions being fixed two of some other bars which cross one of some other plates to which each is fixed. one of some other electric motors from which the movement is transmitted by means of one of some sprockets with balls in gear with one of some other racks on each of the plates that it crosses, near the lower part in the housing being mounted some sensors pressure and temperature respectively, as well as a lower connection for the flow of water through the chamber, and near a higher portion of the housing, in which an upper connection is mounted, a level sensor and a ¢ ^ 2009-00462 respectively are fixed. 1 8 -06 '2009 intermediate connection for water circulation through the chamber, the electrode the central being supplied with electricity by means of a subassembly with brushes, and the upper and lower side electrodes being directly fed from a general control panel supplied with electricity from the main generator.

The process according to the claimed invention applied within the installation removes the disadvantages shown above by initially washing the water with a pH value of 2 ... 5, the water from the waste washing and the water from the washing of the smoke. collected from the basket being introduced into the reactor chamber in which there are electrical discharges produced between the lower and upper side electrodes, on the one hand, and the central electrode, on the other hand, the supply voltages of the side electrodes being equal to each other and having values included. between 40-60 V and the supply currents have an intensity of 500 ... 1500A, the obtained gas being evacuated from the room together with the steam at a temperature of 180 ... 500 ° C and subjected to the filtration, after which the steam is recovered which drives a steam turbine and after it is passed through a heat recuperator the resulting water is cooled to a temperature

40 ... 50 ° C and at the command given by the temperature sensor is pushed into the reactor chamber until the set level is reached, the water in this room is maintained at a constant level determined by the level sensor and is periodically discharged to be passed through a filter that retains the carbon particles after which the water is introduced into the reactor chamber, the gas being stored at a pressure of 150 ... 200 bar, and the first quantities of stored gases are directed to the main electric current generator for the production of electricity for internal consumption ordered by the general control panel and subsequently for the initiation of combustion in the boilers outlets, to which subsequently the gas supply from the subassemblies for the recovery of the thermal energy of the hot gases is added and finally the gas is also directed to the generator for producing the secondary electricity.

The installation and process according to the invention have the following advantages:

• ensures the treatment of household or industrial waste with components of different natures, provided that the waste is recovered and used as an energy source;

CK-10 O 9 - OO 4 ⁶ 2 - 1 8 -06- 2009 • requires an external energy supply with a relatively small value;

• the installation has a relatively simple construction whose operation does not require a high level training of a specialist;

• the impact with the external environment does not produce changes in the sense of deteriorating life of animal or vegetable nature;

The following is an example of an embodiment of the installation and an example of an embodiment of the process according to the inventions claimed in connection with FIG. 3 which represents:

• fig. 1, represents the block diagram of an installation according to the invention;

• fig.2, represents a longitudinal section through a subassembly of thermal energy recovery;

Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section through the reactor;

The installation according to the invention comprises a wash basin 1 in which the water is periodically introduced to a preset level, in connection with which a conveyor belt 2 of the domestic or industrial waste in the raw state is mounted. From the basin 1 the wastes from which the organic deposits have been removed are moved with the help of another transporter 3 in a separator 4 which, depending on the nature of the waste components, distributes them and mixes them evenly in categories in tanks 5 of which are transported in some mechanical shredding subassemblies 6.

The waste thus minced is introduced in quantities dosed in at least one outbreak of a boiler 7 waste incinerator having a known construction per se.

In case of necessity, boilers 7 can be mounted in the battery, their number depending on the quantity of waste. At each boiler 7 is mounted with a chimney 8 in connection with which inside are mounted subassemblies A for the recovery of the thermal energy of the hot gases resulting from the incineration of the waste. As a result of burning the waste, each of the 7 boilers produces steam that

^ -2 0 0 9 - 0 0 4 62-1 8 -06- 2009 'conducts in a steam turbine 11, known in itself, as well as through a pipe 12 having contained in one solenoid valve 13 in each subassembly

A. The gas resulting from the subassembly A containing hydrogen and oxygen is directed through a pipe 14 in the boiler furnace 7.

The steam that passed through the turbine 11 is driven through a pipe 15 into a heat exchanger 16 from which the domestic hot water is obtained, and the water resulting from the condensation of the steam is conveyed through a pipe 17 and distributed through pipes 18 and 19 in. each of the boilers 7. Periodically in the boilers 7 additional water is introduced, a situation not shown in the figures.

The water from the basin 1 is transferred through a pipe 20 into a basin 21 for collecting the dirty water, in which is mounted a rotary shaker, itself known, situation not shown in the figures. In the latter, the water coming from some basins 23 and 24, for washing, and through filters 25 and 26, interspersed with basins 23 and 24, which carry out the cleaning of the smoke trapped through a pipe 27, is also introduced through a pipe 19 , from basket 8 of smoke. From the basin 21, by means of a pump 28 the dirty water is sucked through a pipe 29, and is pushed through a pipe 30 into a reactor B. In the pipe 30 a solenoid valve 31 is mounted.

Upstream of the solenoid valve 31 in the pipe 30 is introduced by means of an electric pump 32 through a pipe 33 having in its contents a solenoid valve 34 cooling water aspirated through a pipe 35 from a cooler 36. At the cooler 36 a pipe is connected 37 by means of which connection is made with a heat exchanger 38 in which the steam is driven through a pipe 39 after passing through a turbine 40 which actuates a generator 41 of electricity to which a consumer can be connected or which can generate current electrically taken from a transport line situation not shown in the figures. In connection with the turbine 40 is mounted a pipe 42 through which steam circulates separately from gas through a filter 43 in which the gas together with the steam reaches through a pipe 44 connected to the reactor B .

0 ^ -2 0 0 9 - 0 0 4 ^{62 -} 1 8 -06- 2009

From a battery 45 of batteries initially at the start of reactor B is supplied with electricity, a panel 46 of the general command from which a distribution of electricity takes place through lines 47 and 48 in the reactor B and then respectively band 2 and 3 pump 8 and sub-assemblies 6 for mechanical shredding, as well as screw conveyors for transporting shredded waste, mounted in connection with the outlets boilers 7, situation not shown in the figures.

Also provided is a control panel 49, which transmits electrical impulses through a multifilament cable 50 to reactor B. From reactor B there is a gas which is conveyed through conduit 44 into filter 43 from which the separated gas is sucked through conduit 51 by a compressor 52 which pushes the compressed gas through a pipe 53 into a gas tank 54. The steam from the tank 54 is conveyed through a pipe 55 in a main electricity generator 56 from which a line 57 of electricity is supplied with electricity table 46. The tank 54 is connected to a pipe 58 with which sections 60 are connected to each other, and 60 tubulars having in assembly each one of some solenoid valves 61 and 62 through which the furnaces of the boilers are supplied with gas 7. The tank 54 is connected by a pipe 63 with a generator 64 of secondary electrical current. which can be connected to a consumer or can generate electricity in a transmission line, a situation not shown in the figures.

The subassembly A is constituted by a tubular body 65 having a central cylindrical portion and respectively b and c end curved portions. In portion_a, a core 66 is arranged centered by means of supports 67, so that between the body 65 and the core 66 a annular space is formed through which steam circulates at a temperature of 500-600 ° C from boilers 7. Portions ab and c they are placed in the chimney 8 and the portions b and c are outside the chimney 8.

Reactor B is composed of a housing 68 made of a material with anticorrosive properties, in which is placed a central electrode 69 made preferably of graphite mounted on a shaft 70 relative to which it is fixed by means of a collar e and respectively the one of a nut 71. The shaft 70 runs through a cable gland 72 mounted in a

-06- ^ _{Λ .2θθ9-0θ} 2 to 1 August 2009 lower housing portion 68 f and is driven in rotation by an electric motor 73 through a worm-worm gear 74 assembly. The electrode 69 is supplied with electricity by means of a subassembly 75 with brushes, mounted in connection with the shaft 70. In order to compensate in time the wear of the electrode 69 by the portion are fixed some bars 76 and 77 and respectively, a rack 78. Bars 76 and 77 , as well as the rack 78 runs through a plate 79, of which the motor 73 and respectively, another electric motor 80, which, by means of a pinion 81 with balls, moves along the rack 78 the shaft 70 and the electrode 69 respectively.

Near the portion f, the pressure and temperature and pressure sensors 82 and 83 respectively are mounted in the housing 68, as well as a connection 84 for the respective discharge, the recirculation of the water from the reactor B. From the connection 84 a suction line 85 of a pump is fixed. 86 electrodes which by means of a pushing pipe 87 carries water through a filter 88 connected by means of a pipe 89 within which is mounted an solenoid valve 90 with the conduit 30 upstream of the solenoid valve 31

By a lateral portion g of the housing 68 are fixed some guide bars 91 and 92, which cross another plate 93, which in turn is crossed and by a rack 94 with which a gear pinion 95 with balls, driven by to an electric motor 96 so that the rotational motion is transmitted from the rack 94 to a rod 97 which crosses a cable gland 98 mounted in the portion g. The upper 97 electrode preferably made from the tungsten is fixed to the rod 97.

The rod 97 is insulated from the outside by means of a screen 100 made of a temperature-resistant insulating material, such as preferably teflon, which in turn is in external contact with a tubular protector 101, made of an anti-corrosive material. . The direct electricity supply of the electrode 99 is achieved by the direct connection of a circuit 102 connected to the panel 46.

On another side portion h of the housing 68 are fixed bars 103 and 104 guide, which crosses another plate 105, which in turn is crossed by a rack 106 with which is engaged a pinion 107 with balls, driven by to an electric motor 108 so that the rotational motion is transmitted from the rack 106

V (Χ-2 0 0 9 - 0 0 4 62-1 8 -06- 2009 at ο rod 109 which crosses a cable gland 110 mounted in the h portion. The rod 109 is fixed a lower lateral electrode 111, preferably made of tungsten The rod 109 is isolated from the outside by means of a screen 112, made of a temperature-resistant insulating material, such as preferably Teflon, which in turn is in external contact with a tubular protector 113, made from a anti-corrosive material.

The direct electricity supply of the electrode 111 is achieved by a connection 114 directly from the general panel 46. A level sensor 115 is mounted in the housing 68 near the h portion, as well as a connection 116 for the water inlet and circulation respectively in the reactor B.

From an upper portion of the housing 68 is fixed a connection 117 for the exhaust gas to which the pipe 44 is connected, which is connected to the filter 43.

The process according to the invention applied in the installation consists of washing waste water with a pH of 2 ... 5 in basin 1, after which, the skimmed waste is stored and shredded, and finally burned at a temperature of 12OO ... 15OO ° C in the outlets of the boilers 7. As a result of the burning of the waste in the boilers 7 there is steam at a temperature of 220..300 ° C and a pressure of 12 ... 15 bar.

The steam obtained activates the turbine 11 and is subsequently cooled in the heat exchanger 16 to a temperature of 90 ... 110 ° C and a pressure of 8 ... 12 bar, as a result of the thermal energy transfer of the water which is heated up to a temperature of 200..250 ° C. Water from condensed steam is introduced into boilers 7.

Initially, the water from basin 1, which mainly contains organic sediments, is introduced into basin 21 and mixed with the water resulting from the washing of the smoke recovered from the basket 8, resulting from the burning of waste in boilers outlets 7.

The water from the basin 21 is introduced through the connection 117 in a room until the level is sensed by the level sensor 115. The chamber j is bounded by the housing 68 of the reactor B. In the chamber j there are electrical discharges between the electrodes 99 and 111 on the one hand, and the electrode 69 on the other. The supply voltages of electrodes 99 and 111 preferably have a value of 50 V, and the supply currents preferably have an intensity of electric current for a capacity of 200 1 water of ^ -2 00 9-00 / 62-18 -06 - 2009 j room. 600 A, a situation where the temperature in the electric discharge area has values of 27800 ° K, a situation in which gas is generated, which contains hydrogen, oxygen and carbon.

For a capacity of 200 1 of the room j the volume of water to be transported in one minute is 150 ... 200 1. The volume of the gas generated has values of 40000-60000 1 / h depending on the content of impurities from the washing. waste.

The gas obtained together with the steam at a temperature of 200 ... 250 ° C is discharged from the room j through the connection 117 and through the pipe 44 is subjected to separation in the filter 43. The gas following an analysis report having the number 104 04.07.2008, carried out by the National Institute of Research and Development for Cryogenic and Isotopic Technologies ICSI Râmnicu-Vâlcea, contains the following components: 60.13% vol.H; 3.9% vol.CO ₂ ; 30% vol.O ₂ ; 6.1% vol. N ₂ ; and has a dew point value of -15 ° C. In the gas composition from the above analysis there is also an acetylene content.

The gas compressed by the compressor 52 is stored in the tank 54 at a pressure of 150 ... 200 bar and is initially conveyed through the pipe 55 in the main electricity generator 56 for producing the electricity supply through the main control panel 46 of the reactor. B and respectively of the outlets of the boilers 7 regarding the solenoids 61 and 62 mounted in connection with a pressure reducer. Also, the gas from the tank 54 finally supplies the generator 64 for the production of electricity delivered to a consumer and has been introduced in a line of electricity transmission situation not shown in the figures.

The water discharged from the chamber j is sucked by the pump 86 and pushed through the filter 88 in which the carbon particles are retained, and subsequently this water is conveyed through the pipe 89 into the pipe 30 upstream of the solenoid valve 31 for insertion into chamber j.

The water that is passed through the cooler 36 which has a temperature of 40 ... 50 ° C is pushed with a pressure of 18 ... 20 bar in the pipe 30 upstream of the solenoid valve 31 and is introduced through the connection 116 in the room j when the signal received from the sensor ^ 200 9 -004 ^ 2-18 "06" 200! l temperature indicates a value of water temperature in room j greater than

200 ... 250 ° C depending on the regime required.

Claims (4)

1 8 -06- 2009 separately being sucked through a pipe (51) by a compressor (52) and pushed into a tank (54) from which the gas is directed to some generators (56 and 64) of electricity, as well as through -a pipe (58) and through some solenoid valves (61 and 62) with pressure reducer in the outlets of the boilers (7) mentioned. 1, Installation for the treatment of household and industrial waste which comprises at least one boiler provided with a waste furnace, some distributors that distribute uniformly in some tanks, as well as some sub-assemblies for their mechanical shredding, each boiler being provided with each a chimney from which the smoke is trapped in a pipeline and passed through some basins with water and respectively through filters, interspersed with water basins, as well as some filters interspersed with basins, for cleaning the smoke, in connection with the boilers a steam driven turbine and a heat exchanger, characterized in that it also contains a washing basin (1) connected by a pipe (20) with another collecting basin (21) to which it is located connected another pipe (22), through which the water from the basins (20 and 21) and the filters (22 and 23) mentioned flow, for washing the smoke i is taken from the chimneys (8) in which are assembled subassemblies (A) to recover the heat energy from the hot film, the basin (21) being also connected to a suction pipe (29) of a pump (28), which pushes the water through a pipe (30) for dirty water having contained an solenoid valve (31) in a reactor (B) which is with a lower connection (84) from which a suction pipe (85) is connected. an electric pump (86) that pushes the water through a filter (88) and then through a pipe (89) having in its contents a solenoid valve (90) in the pipe (30) upstream of the solenoid valve (31), of the pipe (30) of dirty water upstream of the solenoid valve (31) being connected a pipe (33) having mounted in a solenoid valve (34) through which by means of an electric pump (32) the cold water passed through a cooler (36) is pushed. ) to which is connected a pipe (37) connected to a heat recuperator (38) in which the steam results from a filter (43) conveyed by a pipe (42) through a turbine (40) which activates a generator (41), the gas resulting from the reactor (B) being conveyed through the said pipe (42) being introduced into the filter ( 43), together with the steam and further the gas χ-2 Ο Ο 9 -U υ4 ^υ * ' 2. The installation according to claim 1, characterized in that each subassembly (A) for the recovery of thermal energy from the hot gases circulated through the basket (8) consists of a tubular body (65), which has some portions (a, b, c), central cylindrical and end curved respectively, in the cylindrical portion (a), being disposed a core (66) centered by means of supports (67) so as to create an annular space (d) through which a small part of steam circulates from boilers (7). An installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the reactor (B) comprises a housing (68), which delimits a chamber (j), in which central electrodes (69.99 and 111) are placed centrally and respectively laterally. and lower, which are mounted on a shaft (70) and on some rods respectively and on some rods (97 and 109), respectively, the shaft (70) crossing a cable gland (72). mounted in a lower portion (f) of the housing (68) and being engaged in a rotational motion by means of an assembly (74) screw-wheel screwed by an electric motor (73) together with another motor (80) ) electric is fixed on a plate (79) crossed by some bars (76 and 77) and respectively by a rack (78), fixed by the lower portion (f), the second motor (80) moving by means of a pinion (81) with balls along the rack (78) plate (79), the rods (97 and 109) passing through one of the cable glands (98 and 110) mounted in some lateral portions (g and h) of the housing (68), the rods (97 and 109) being insulated from the outside with the help of temperature-resistant screens (100 and 112) in contact with one of some protective tubes (101 and 113) anticorrosive tubular, of each of the lateral portions (g and h) being fixed two of some bars (91.92, 103 and 104) that crossed by get one of some plates (93 and 105) from which one of some electric motors (96 and 108) is fixed, from which the movement is transmitted through ίλ-2 0 0 9 - 0 0 4 6 2 - 1 8 "06 2009 each one of some racks (94 and 106) that pass through the plates (93 and 105) near the lower portion (f) in the housing (68) being mounted pressure and temperature sensors (82 and 83), respectively, as well as a connection ( 82) inferior for the flow of water through the chamber (j), and near a portion (s) above the housing (68), in which a connection (117) is mounted higher, a level sensor (115) and a connection ( 116) intermediate for water circulation, the electrode (69) being supplied with electricity through a subassembly (75) with brushes, and the upper and lower lateral electrodes (99 and 111) are fed directly from a general control panel (46) . 4. Process for treating the household and industrial waste applied in the installation according to claim 1 ... 3, comprising: shredding and burning them in the outlets of boilers, as well as washing the smoke recovered from the boiler baskets, characterized by the fact that the waste before shredding mentioned, they are washed with water with a pH 2 ... 5, the water from the washing of the waste and the water from the washing of the smoke being introduced into the chamber of the reactor where there are electric discharges produced between the lower and upper side electrodes, on the one hand, and the central electrode, on the other hand, the supply voltages of the side electrodes being equal to each other and having values between 40-60 V and the supply currents have an intensity of 500 ... 1500A, the obtained gas being evacuated from the room together with steam at a temperature of 18O ... 5OO ° C and subjected to filtration, after which the incoming steam is recovered a steam turbine is born and after being passed through a heat recuperator the resulting water is cooled to a temperature of 4O ... 5O ° C and at the command given by the temperature sensor is pushed into the reactor chamber until the set level is reached , the water in this chamber is maintained at a constant level determined by the level sensor and is periodically discharged to be passed through a filter that retains the carbon particles after which the water is introduced into the reactor chamber, the gas being stored at a pressure of 150 ... 200 bar, and the first quantities of stored gas are directed to the main electricity generator for energy production