RO114203B1 - Kit for making unidimensional, bidimensional and tridimensional objects - Google Patents

Abstract

A building set for producing unidimensional, bidimensional or tridimensional objects comprises rods (1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e), sleeves (14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, 14e, 14f, 14g, 14h) that can be slipped on the rods (1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e), and optional base elements (11, 22, 26) that can be connected to the rods (1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e). In order to increase freedom of design, strings (25) are led through bores in the rods (1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e) and/or clamped between the rods (1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e) and the sleeves (14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, 14e, 14f, 14g, 14h). The connection between several rods (1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e) or between the rods (1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e) and a base element (11, 22, 26) is established or ensured by the strings (25).

Description

The invention relates to a kit for the realization of one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects, used in the study, teaching-learning of mathematical aspects and the development of cognitive abilities in the disciplines: logical games, plane and space geometry, analytical geometry, descriptive and design geometry, mechanics, chemical structures, study of networks and graphs, technical education, improvement of performance in solving problem situations, which involves convergent and / or creative thinking as well as for enhancing the skills of interactive work with the electronic computer.

In order to develop the logical capacities, kits with various flat, regular and / or irregular geometric figures are known, by means of which they are combined, or by changing the relative positions of the components, stereotyped configurations are made. These kits have the disadvantage that they have reduced functionality, because the configurations that can be achieved are previously rigidly established.

For the same purpose, the logical cube, or logical sphere, is known, whereby, by the relative rotation of the components according to a well-established algorithm, a previously established positioning of them is reached. These logical games have the disadvantage that they cannot be used in the formation of general concepts and transferable skills for several areas of practical utility.

For the purpose of teaching-learning of plane geometry, a system for representing plane geometric figures is known, in which the component elements are joined by section bars in the form of two trapezoids with a small overlapping base. This system has the following disadvantages: heavy maneuverability, lack of stability due to the joints and low volume of configurations achievable, rigidity of the constructions offered.

In order to highlight the characteristic lines of the geometric figures and bodies, a teaching material is known which consists of a geometrical body structure at which the edges are represented by bars, solidarized at the contact points from which elastic threads are fixed, having at the ends metal clips. This system, respectively didactic material, has the following disadvantages: the studied structure is not built by the user and does not allow for subsequent stable transformations, and the manipulation of elastic wires with metallic clips is cumbersome and uncertain.

for the purpose of teaching-learning analytical, descriptive and projective geometry, two traditional methods are known, namely: the one based on the study of the drawn figures and the one of the simulated configurations using the electronic computer. These methods have the disadvantage that they are predominantly deductive methods, accessible to students with special mathematical skills.

Similar shortcomings can be noted in the case of the study of descriptive and projective geometry, where the effective contribution of the inductive pathway in forming the abstraction capacity is given up.

For the purpose of studying mechanics, various kits are in circulation, which are used for the presentation of mechanical phenomena and for the experimental investigation of specific laws. These kits have the disadvantage that due to the complexities and the limited character regarding the use, there is a need for a large volume of sets, which are not interchangeable, and their action does not contribute to the development of the so-called technical sense that underlies the technical-scientific approach of the creations. based on mechanisms.

For the purpose of studying chemical structures, especially of crystalline bodies, two kits are known to be used for the spatial visualization of chemical combinations, using mechanical or magnetic joints. Both kits have the disadvantage that they do not allow the continuous modification of the spatial angles and especially of the distances between different crystalline nodes.

For the purpose of studying networks and graphs, the only known ways are to observe the material circuits or their graphical schemes. These two modalities have the disadvantage that by abandoning a preliminary phase of analog model research, one cannot deduce the general connections of the optimization of the number of branches, which interfere with different nodes of the network.

In order to improve the performance in solving problem-situations, which involve convergent and / or creative thinking, specialized devices or kits with limited circulation are known, used only in psychological laboratories. The major disadvantage of these devices or kits is the pronounced lack of accessibility to them for a large public.

RO 114203 Bl for the purpose of acquiring the user with the interactive work using the electronic computer, the process of presenting mathematical aspects in encyclopedic form is known, presenting the notions by linguistic description or visualized by drawings, photographs, graphs or diagrams.

This process has the disadvantage of presenting finite products of thought, instead of a living materialization of situations, completely giving up the creative input of the user in finding original solutions.

The technical problem that the invention solves is the creation of a tool with a modular character and integrator-universal of high capacity, which allows the simultaneous acquisition of declarative and procedural knowledge at three levels of abstraction: material, graphic and deductive.

The kit, according to the invention, eliminates the disadvantages of the known solutions, by the fact that it has an integrating-universal character of high compactness, which can be used successfully in the study process, teaching in the multidisciplinary fields, being made up of elements that can be combined into structures. stable of high flexibility, allowing the acquisition of knowledge and skills at three levels of abstraction: material, graphic and deductive, using a relatively small number of simple components, compared to the huge volume of configurations that can be completed, being ensured throughout performing the assemblies according to the requirements imposed by the data of the problem so that the user can manifest all the capabilities of his intelligence (logical-mathematical, verbal, spatial, kinesthetic, artistic, enter and -inter-personal) in parallel with the manifestation of his creativity, based on thinking divergence.

The kit consists of a case-type box, in the form of a rectangular parallelipiped, having embossed, on the opposite outer faces, some hemispheres with holes, arranged according to a predetermined geometrical configuration: square, rectangular, parallelogram, rhomboidal, circular, hexagonal and octagonal. The bag-type box, in addition to the fact that it gathers the rest of the components, serves as a support and / or stand for the assembly.

In the holes in the hemispheres on the sides of the bags, depending on the intended installation, some rods of a certain straight or broken rigidity, smooth or graded from cm to cm, of different lengths and in a required number are inserted. The rods can be interconnected at the end with other rods or with elastic yarns of different colors and thicknesses, using sphericoconoid knobs of different colors and with step holes.

For connections of the rods with other rods, or with elastic threads of different colors and thicknesses, in other places, than the extreme ones, some solenoid joints are used single or double, depending on the number of connecting rods, or some elastic bushes through which the elastic thread is fastened to the rod body.

In the composition of the kit there are also plates of identical configuration and perforations congruent with the hemispheres drilled on the outer faces of the box, of different colors, which are used for mounting in different planes, or for overlaying the assemblies. These plates can be interconnected by means of the spherical-conoidal buttons inserted in the perforations of the plates, using broken or straight rods, or elastic wires for flexible connections.

For determining the linear dimensions, ribbons graduated from cm to cm are used, and for measuring plane or dihedral angles, the kit consists of bicolor discs, graded from 10 ° to 10 °, which are mounted on the plates or on the outer faces of the box, with the help of spherical-conoidal buttons, but can be used independently of them to evaluate the angle openings.

In the case of assemblies related to the circle, inscriptibility, circumscriptibility, degeneration of cylindrical, conical, spherical surfaces and regular polygons, rigid toroidal circles of different sizes are used. Sliding solenoid joints are mounted on one of the large circles to allow connection with rods.

The sense of spatiality develops by rotating some of the flat, or spatial configurations by means of a rotating system, included in the kit, operated from a DC source, with adjustable speed, through a speed transducer.

The following advantages are obtained by applying the invention:

- the cooperative work of the groups is allowed;

- presentation of the whole system in an attractive and aesthetic form;

- Easy use and maneuverability.

RO 114203 Bl

The following is an example of embodiment of the invention in connection with the figures

1 ... 4, which represents:

FIG. 1, an overview of the kit;

- Fig. 2, a view of the kit, in a synthetic configuration;

- Fig. 3, view of the kit, in the hypothesis of generating a cylindrical surface correlated with the prismatic one;

- Fig. 4, view of the kit, in the case of the presentation of the rotations in space and of the inscribability in the circle of the polygons.

The kit, according to the embodiment, is made up of a box 1, which has embossed hemispheres with holes, of different colors, green 2, red 3, and yellow 4, in which are mounted straight straight rods 5, rods straight graded 6, or broken rods 7, which are interconnected at the end with other rods 5, 6, 7, or with thin red elastic threads 8, thick 8 ', thin elastic threads green 9, thick 9', threads thin elastic yellow 10, thick 10 ', thin elastic blue thread 11, thick 11', using spherical-cono buttons with holes in red 12, yellow 13 and green 14.

Single solenoid joints 15 and double 18, as well as elastic bushes 17, are used for connecting rods 5, 6 and 7, or wires 8, 8 '... 11, 11', in places other than the extreme ones of the rods. 5, 6, 7.

Plates 18, with perforations congruent with the hemispheres 2, 3 and 4 on the outer faces of box 1, serve to visualize the interconnections of synthetic configurations from different planes, in which the plates 18 are interconnected with each other by the sphericoconoid knobs 12, 13 and 14 , the elastic wires 8, 8 '... 11, 11' and the rods 5 and 6 (fig. 2) or when making the assemblies in a single plane where, for determining the linear dimensions, some ribbons 19, graduated from cm are used. in cm, and for measuring angles, two-color discs 20, graded from 10 ° to 10 ° (fig. 1).

In order to generate a cylindrical surface correlated with the prismatic one (shown in fig.3), in addition to the ones described above, two toroidal rigid circles 21 were used, which also highlights the functionality of the box 1, as a mounting bracket.

The demonstration of the inscribability in the circle of the polygons and their rotation in space (shown in fig. 4), uses besides the mentioned components, a rotating system 22, with a built-in speed transducer, operated from a DC source of 9V. The toroidal circle 23, used for this assembly, contains some double solenoid joints 16, which can be slid on the circumference of the circle, allowing a varied mobility of the contact points between the circle 23 and the rods 5, 6, respectively the elastic wires 8, 8 '... 11 , 11 ', obtaining the successive transformation of the triangle, materialized by the elastic threads 8, into isosceles trapezoid, rectangle and finally into square.

The operating mode with the kit elements is generically rendered on a video tape, the tape being an integral part of the kit along with some magnetic disks containing intelligence, creativity, knowledge tests, as well as deficiency remediation programs, using interactive work with the computer. electronic.

Claims (3)

claims 1. Kit for the realization of one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects, having box, rods and connecting elements, characterized in that it is formed by a case type bag (1), in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, which serves as a support in making the assemblies and which has embossed, on the opposite outer faces, several hemispheres with holes, of different colors (2, 3, 4], arranged according to a predetermined geometric configuration, of any shape, hemispheres (2, 3, 4) in which , depending on the intended installation, insert straight straight rods (5), straight graduated rods (6) or broken rods (7), whose interconnection at the ends with other rods (5, 6, 7) or with some thin elastic yarns of different colors (8, 9, 10, 11] or with thick elastic yarns of different colors (8 ', 9', 10 ', 11'), are made by means of spherical-conoid buttons with holes in steps of different colors (12, 13, 14), and in other places, by as the extreme ones, it is realized with the help of simple solenoid joints (15), double solenoid joints (16) or by means of elastic bushes (17). 2. Kit according to claim 1, characterized in that, for viewing the interconnections of some synthetic configurations RO 114203 Bl In a plane or in different planes, plates (18) are used which have perforations congruent with the hemispheres (2,3,4) on the outer faces of the box (1), the plates (18) being interconnected between them depending on the expected installation, by 5 buttons (12, 13, 14), elastic wires (8, 8 ', 9, 9', 10, 10 ', 11, 11'), or through the rods (5, 6), for the determination of the linear dimensions find used ribbons (18) graduated from cm to cm, and for the measurement of the angles, being used bicolor discs (20) graded from 10 ° to 10 °. 3. Kit according to claim 1, characterized in that, for realizing assemblies related to the circle, inscriptibility, circumscriptibility, generation of cylindrical, conical, spherical surfaces and regular polygons, it comprises toroidal rigid circles (21) or a toroidal circle. (23) with double solenoid joints (16), which by sliding on the circumference of the circle (23), allows a varied mobility of the contact points between it and the rods (5, 6), respectively the elastic wires (8, 8 ', 8, 8 ', 10, 10', 11, 11), the rotation of the assembly being carried out with a rotation system (22), with embedded speed transducer, operated from a DC voltage source, usually below 12V.