PT95139B - PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF SOIL CONDITIONING AGENTS BASED ON REOLULATED COPOLYMERS CONTAINING SULFONIC ACID GROUPS - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of soil conditioning agents based on cross-linked copolymers containing sulphonic acid groups which comprises the copolymerization of a mixture of monomers formed from acrylamide and/or methacrylamide, a substituted acrylamide containing a sulphonic acid group, a vinyl compound with multiple functional groups which is soluble in water, and, possibly, co-monomers containing carboxyl groups, the copolymers being used as soil conditioning agents.

Description

It is already known the process of adding copolymers containing carboxyl groups, mainly to increase the capacity of retaining water or aqueous solutions. Soil conditioning compositions of this type, which consist of an acrylamide copolymer and an acyl acid salt, which is cross-linked with methylene-bis-acrylamide, are described, for example, in European patent 72 214 and in German patent published 33 44 638. In the European patent EPA

101 253 describes compositions for soil improvement, based on polyacrylamides, which do not have any ionic groups.

The disadvantage of already known soil conditioning agents is mainly that they either do not have a sufficiently high absorption capacity, or their absorption capacity, when using aqueous solutions containing salt instead of pure water, strongly decreases. An especially marked reduction in the absorption capacity occurs, mainly, in the case of the presence of polyfunctional cations, such as, for example, Ca ^ ⁺ , Mg ^ ⁺ , fZ ⁺ or Fe ^ ⁺ . These cations appear, for example, in different soils or can be components of nutrient solutions. Especially in dry and arid regions, it is necessary to water the plants also with water containing salt, which contains, in addition to alkali metal and alkaline earth metal ions, also polyfunctional metal ions.

An additional disadvantage is that, in already known soil conditioning agents, during irrigation with water containing salt, their ability to absorb pure water in subsequent irrigation cycles also decreases sharply and, in part, decreases significantly. irreversible.

The reading is indicated regarding the exchange action between the swelling of the soil conditioning agent and the chemical composition, respectively the salinity of the irrigation water, where salt concentrations in the range between 2 and 8g / liter are possible. from, for example, J.Sci. Food Agri. 1984 (35), pages 1063-1066, or 1985 (36), pages 789 - 793.

The objective of the present invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of conventional soil conditioning agents and, above all, to obtain a soil conditioning agent with a high capacity for retaining water or saline solutions, which also, after repeated absorption of solutions salts of one or more polyfunctional cations, does not lose its good ability to retain water and saline solutions. Unexpectedly it has been found that acrylamide-based copolymers that have sulfonic acid groups instead of, or in addition to, carboxylic groups, can be used during many absorption cycles of water desorption and saline solutions and thus retain their high capacity water retention and saline solutions.

The object of the present invention is, therefore, a process for soil conditioning, which is characterized by the fact that cross-linked copolymers containing sulfonic acid groups are added to the soils, which are prepared from

A) 50 to 94.9 mole% of acrylamide and / or methacrylamide;

B) 5 to 49.9 mole% of a sulfonic acid containing a vinyl group or a salt thereof, of general formula

CH ₂ = CR ₁ - CO NH - R ₂ -SOM

in which

R4 means hydrogen or a methyl group;

R4 means a straight or branched chain alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and

M means hydrogen or a monovalent cation;

C) 0.005 to 0.1 mole% of a water soluble polyfunctional vinyl compound;

wherein the polymeric component B can be replaced by comonomers containing carboxylic groups in an amount between 0 and 85 mole%, relative to their amount.

For comonomers containing carboxylic groups, for example, substituted or unsubstituted acrylic acid or methacrylic acid as well as their salts or derivatives, as used, according to the state of the art, for the preparation of conditioning agents soils. The advantage of using the conditioning agents according to the present invention is so much greater, the higher the content of polymer B component containing sulfonic acid groups in proportion to the comonomers containing carboxylic groups. On the other hand, however, even a reduced amount of polymeric component B containing sulfonic acid groups in the soil conditioning agent already provides an improvement over the state of the art.

It is particularly advantageous to use copolymers as soil conditioning agents, which comprise 70 to 79.9 mole% of the polymeric component .A, 20 to 29.9% mole

moles of a polymeric component B and 0.005 to 0.1% in moles of a polymeric component C.

As a polymer component: A is preferred acrylamide, as a component of polymer B is preferred an salt of acrylamido-methyl-propane-sulfonic acid, as a polymer component C is preferred methylene-bis-acrylamide.

Especially preferred is the application of copolymers with a polymeric component A formed by acrylamide, a polymeric component B formed by an acrylamide-methyl-propane-sulfonic acid salt and a polymeric component C consisting of methylene-bis-acrylamide.

The use of copolymers according to the present invention appears to be especially advantageous when they additionally contain plant nutrients. As plant nutrients, all the nutrients used in agriculture are usually of interest. Particularly preferred are the nutrients in the group consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, molybdenum and boron salts.

Crop substrates for plant germination are particularly advantageous, which are formed by a mixture of soil, sand, peat, perlite, vermiculite, tree bark, wood shavings, organic fertilizers, straw, etc., in a mixture of these components with the copolymers according to the invention. Preferably, this culture substrate contains 0.1 to 10 g / l of copolymers.

Another object of the invention is a process for the conditioning of soils, according to which 0.1 to 10g of copolymer is applied per soil. The copolymers in the soil are preferably loaded, respectively cyclically refilled with nutrients dissolved in water. In this way it is possible to always load the copolymer with the nutrient solution repeatedly in subsequent loading cycles, both after receiving the nutrients from the roots, as well as after wetting them with rain, and also in the case of wetting with saline water. A special advantage of the soil conditioning agent is that its ability to absorb water and aqueous solutions remains equally high even after contact with electrolyte solutions, in particular polyfunctional cations. Another advantage is that the nutrient salts absorbed through irrigation are removed by the water much more slowly, than in the case of the use of conventional soil conditioning agents.

An additional advantage of the soil conditioning agent according to the present invention must be seen in the fact that, especially in addition to very heavy soils, the aforementioned agent contributes to the formation of a loose and air-permeable structure, makes possible, above all for a good growth of the roots., the necessary good aeration and supply of oxygen.

The preparation of soil conditioning agents according to the invention takes place according to processes already known, for example according to European patent EP-A1-068189, by copolymerization of acrylamide or methacrylamide, of a sulfonic acid containing a vinyl group, of a polyfunctional vinyl compound as a retieulation agent, as well as, possibly, comonomers containing carboxylic groups, in solution.

watery.

In an especially preferred preparation process, vegetable nutrients are added to the monomer solution before polymerization. This provides the advantage of a particularly good and uniform distribution of plant nutrients in the finished copolymer.

Preparation of copolymers

Copolymer__Aj_

In a glass reactor for 1000 ml, 239.3 g of a 50% acrylamide solution (1.68 moles, 90 mole%) and 85.64 g of a 50% sodium solution were placed at 20 ° C. acrylamido-methyl-propane-sulfonic acid (0.19 mole 10 mole%) and then mixed with 40.3 mg of methylene-bis-acrylamide (0.00026 mole 0.014 mole%). After a complete mixing, the pH was adjusted to 4.95 with hydrochloric acid and diluted with 323 g of H2 O. After a 1 hour wash with N _o , the reaction was started with 10.5 mg of Na _o S_0, _ and

21.0mg (NH) S 0. The reaction ran adiabatically 4 2 2 8 and was completed after 2 hours. The polymer gel obtained was fractionated and dried at 802C and at a pressure of 1 bar for 16 hours. The water supply capacity was 730g / g of polymer.

Copolymer Β:

In a glass reactar of 1000 ml were placed at 20 C, 142,16g of a 50% acrylamide solution (1 mol, 60 mol%) and sodium 305,63g of a 50% solution of acrylamide acid -methyl-propane-sulfonic (0.67 moles, 40 mole%) and then mixed with 36g of methylene-bis-acrylamide (0.00023 mole, O ', O14 mole%). After the formation of an intimate mixture, the pH was adjusted to 4.85 with hydrochloric acid and diluted with 469g of H ₂ 0. After washing with N, _> for 1 hour, initiation was followed of the reaction with 9.4 mg of Na ^ S ^ Og θ 18.7 mg of (ΝΗ ^^ δ ^ Οθ. The reaction was carried out adiabatically and was completed after 2 hours. The polymer gel obtained was fractionated and dried at 80 ^to C and at a pressure of 1 bar for 16 hours The water supply capacity was 800g / g of polymer.

Copolymer C:

In a glass reactor for 100 ml, 20 ^to C were placed

142.16g of a 50% acrylamide solution (1 mole, 70 mole%), 78.68g of a 50% potassium acrylic acid solution (0.357 mole, 25 mole%) and 35.04g of a solution potassium-acrylamido-methyl-propane-sulfonic acid (0.071 moles, 4.97 mol%) and then mixed with 87.98 mg of methylene-bis-acrylamide (0.00057 moles, 0.04% in soft). After the formation of an intimate mixture, the pH was adjusted to 4.85 with hydrochloric acid and diluted with 256g of H ₂ 0. After washing with N ^ for 1 hour, the reaction started. with 48.9 mg in _the 0_ S and 97.8 mg of (NH.) _No S. reacά b ά 4 cd CaO held adiabatically was completed and passed

hours. 0 gel polymer obtained was fractionated and dried at 80 C and a pressure of 1 bar for 16 hours. Ά water supply capacity was 700 g / g of the polymer.

Copolymer D:

In a glass reactor of 1000 ml were placed at 20 C, a solution of 239.3 g of a 50% solution of acrylamide (1.68 moles, 90 mole%) and 85,64g of a solution of sodium 50% of acrylamido-methyl-propane-sulfonic acid (0.19 moles, 10 moles) and then mixed with 40.3 mg of methylene-bis-acrylamide (0.00026 moles, 0.014% in soft). After the formation of an intimate mixture, the pH value was adjusted to 4.85 with hydrochloric acid and diluted with 323g of H ₂ 0. In this monomer solution 3.89g of a disodium salt of ethylene was dissolved -diamino-tetraacetic and ,. then 0.972 g of a mineral salt mixture formed from 31% MnS0 ₄ .H ₂ 0, 35.6% FeS0 _4> 7H ₂ 0, 21.9% ZnS0 ₄ .7H ₂ 0 and 11 , 5% CuS0 ₄ .5H ₂ 0, after which the pH value was adjusted again to 4.85. After washing with N ₂ for 1 hour, the reaction started with 31.2 mg Na ₂ S ₂ C> ₅ and 63.2 mg (NH) S 0. The reaction proceeded adiabatically and was completed 4 hours after 2 hours. 0 polymer gel obtained was fractionated and dried at 80 ² C and a pressure of 1 bar for 16 hours. The water supply capacity was 700g / g of polymer.

Comparison Polymer__V A_:

In a glass reactor for 100ml, 142.16 g of a 50% deacrylamide solution (1 mole), 94.39 g of a 50% potassium solution of acrylic acid (0.43 moles) were placed in 2020 and 236.6 g of H2O and then mixed with HOmg of methylene-bis-acrylamide (0.0007 moles). After the formation of an intimate mixture, the pH was adjusted to 7.0 with acrylic acid. After washing with N ₂ for 1 hour, the reaction was started with 40 mg Na ₂ S ₂ 0g and 81 mg (NH) ₂ S 0 ^. The reaction was carried out adiabatically and was completed after 2 hours. The obtained polymer gel was fractionated and dried at 802C and at a pressure of 1 bar, for 16 hours. The water supply capacity was 510g / g of polymer.

Comparison polymer V B:

In a glass reactor for 1000 ml, 72.06 g of acrylic acid (1 mole) and 283.7 g of H ₂ 0 were placed at 20 ² C and slowly neutralized with 46.76 g of 90% KOH. Then, 23.13 mg of methylene-bis-acrylamide (0.00015 moles) was mixed and the pH was adjusted to 7.0 with acrylic acid. After 1 hour of washing with N _2> the reaction was started with 17.9 mg of Na ₂ S ₂ 0, _ and 57 mg of (NH) S ₂ 0g. The reaction proceeded adiabatically and was completed after 2 hours. 0 polymer gel obtained was fractionated and dried at 80 ² C and a pressure of 1 bar for 16 hours. The water supply capacity was 475 g / g of polymer.

Comparison polymer VC:

In a glass reactor of 1000 ml were placed at 20 ⁵ C,

142.16 g of a 50% acrylamide solution (1 mole) and 142.16 g of H2 O and mixed with 21.6 mg of methylene-bis-acrylamide (0.00014 moles). After 1 hour of washing with N ^, the reaction was started with 5.68 mg of Na ^ S ^ O ^ and 11.37 mg of (NH ₄ ) ₂ S ₂ 0g. The reaction proceeded adiabatically and was completed after 2 hours. 0 polymer gel obtained was fractionated and dried at 80 ² C and a pressure of 1 bar for 16 hours. The water feeding capacity was 120g / g of polymer.

Example 1

The copolymer A employed in accordance with the present invention was tested in comparison with the comparative polymers VA and VB, which can also be obtained commercially, in terms of its capacity to absorb HgO and a 500 ppm FeCL solution. For this, the polymer was spread (particle size

O

0.315 to 0.5 mm) over a wire screen with a diameter of 200 mm and a mesh width of 0.25 mm and, with agitation, immersed in the solution for absorption. After the swelling operation was finished, the sieve was removed from the liquid and, after a dripping period of 25 minutes, the weight gain was evaluated. The swelling time periods (in hours) are shown in Table 1. Each of the 3 polymers was swelled first in H ^ O, then in a 500 ppm FeCl ^ solution and finally 7 times in H ₂ 0, so that the water was renewed in each of the seven water cycles.

It can be seen, in the absorption capacities listed in Table 1 (g of H ₂ 0 or g of solution for each 1 g of the eopolymer), that the eopolymer A according to the present invention retains its water absorption capacity even after processing with the FeCl solution, while the comparison polymers VA and VB irreversibly lost their ability to receive water even after repeated irrigation.

Table__1— Absorption capacity in g / g

Swelling time Copolymer A Copolymer Comparative GO Copolymer Comparative VB H ₂ 0 (l) 15 730 510 475 FeCl ₃ (500ppm) 15 34 10 14 H ₂ 0 (2) 3 262 11 16 H ₂ 0 (3) 3 357 11 17 H ₂ 0 (4) ¹⁵ 369 13 18 H ₂ 0 (5) 3 616 13 18 H ₂ 0 (6) 3 671 13 18 H ₂ 0 (7) 15 790 13 18 H 0 (8) 3 793 13 18

Example 2

Analogously to Example 1, the absorption capacity of the calcium salts was evaluated, so that the polymers were treated alternately with H2 O and with a CaCl2 solution (400 ppm calcium ions).

The results are shown in Table 2. Both the absorption capacity of the Ca solution and the water absorption capacity, not only before, but also after treatment with the Ca solution, were much higher in the copolymer of according to the invention, than in comparative polymers.

Table 2 - Absorption capacity in g / g

Swelling time Copolymer A Copolymer Comparative Active compar copolymer VB ^H 2 ° 20 730 510 475 1.Cions (400 ppm) 18 58 33 23 ^H 2 ° 20 306 75 6 2. Caions (400 ppm) 18 58 29 7 ^H 2 ° 20 340 68 8 3. Caions 18 56 19 6 H „0 20 343 72- 7

Example 3

Analogously to Example 1, the absorption capacity of a trace element solution was determined, in which the polymers are processed alternately with H2O and with a 500 ppm solution of trace elements (27.9% MnSO .H ₂ Q, 12.6% FeS0 ₄ .7H ₂ 0, 18.9% in CuS0 ₄ .5H ₂ 0, 28.3% ZhSO .7H ₂ 0, 9.2% boric acid, 4, 0% Na ₂ Mo0 ₄ ).

Table 3 shows the largely better results of copolymer A according to the invention, even after alternative processing several times, in contrast to the comparative polymers VA and VB.

Table__3 —Absorption capacity in g / g

Swelling time in bor a Copolymer A Copolymer Comparative GO Copolymer Comparative VB H ₂ 0 -> 18 730 510 475 1.Elements of traces in solution (500 ppm) -> 2 85 23 7 u 0 - 1 8 501 365 12 2. Elements of traces in solution (500 ppm) -> 20 101 3 11 H_0 - \ 22 620 4 1

Example 4

Analogously to Example 1, the absorption capacity of a 1200 ppm hydroponic solution was tested with a proportion of N: P: K of 1: 1.5: 2 and then processed with H ^ O, in several cycles.

Composition of the hydroponic solution

45 g / 1 ammonium nitrate, 100 g / 1 in potassium nitrate, 26 g / 1 in ammonium hydrogen phosphate, 26 g / 1 in magnesium nitrate- ôHgO, 62 g / 1 in potassium hydrogen phosphate,

1.5 g / 1 of iron sulfate - 7H ₂ 0, 0.4 g / 1 of manganese sulfate. H ₂ 0,

0.08 g / 1 0.01 g / 1 copper sulfate. δΗ ^ Ο, cobalt nitrate. 7H ₂ 0.25 g / 1 in Boric acid, 5.0 g / 1 in At — EDTA, 0.08 g / 1 in zinc sulfate. 7H ₂ 0, 0.01 g / 1 in sodium molybdate.

The solution was diluted to a concentration of 1200 ppm.

The results of the absorption cycles for eopolymer A, as well as for comparison copolymers VA and VC are shown in Table 4. The reception capacity of eopolymer A is much higher than the capacity of comparison polymers and even increases over the course of cycles, while the capacity of the comparison polymers decreases partly dramatically.

Table 4 - Absorption capacity in g / g

Swelling time Copolymer A Copolymer Comparative GO Copolymer Comparative- YOU H ₂ 0 16 730 510 120 1 . Solution hydroponic 16 116 65 28 HgO 5 836 266 23 2 . Solution hydroponic 16 126 57 28 ^H 2 ° 5 1005 295 25 3. Solution (È hydroponic 16 137 42 28 ^H 2 ° 5 109 7 286 26 4. Solution hydroponic cfe 16 131 38 27

Example 5

For the load capacity test with saline water, the soil conditioning agents were mixed with 600 g of sand in an amount of 3 g / l of sand, in 6 cm diameter glass columns, filled to a height of 15 cm and were processed with 100 ml of water with increasing salinity (1000-6000 ppm), corresponding to an irrigation height of 35.4 mm.

Composition of ions in water: -

6% HCO 3 ’ 51.32% ci, 8.88% in ^S ° 4 ² , 19.9% Na ⁺ , 1.54% in K ⁺ , 5.91% of 2 + Ca, 6.45% in Mg ²⁺ .

The relative absorption capacity in percentage in relation to pure sand (100%) is shown in Table 5 for sand mixtures with 3g of copolymer A, B or C respectively, as well as comparison polymers VA, VB or VC, for each liter of sand. The absorption capacity of the soil conditioning agents according to the invention is much better.

Table 5: - Relative absorption capacity_of the soles as a percentage (%)

Water salinity in ppm 1000 2000 3000 4000 6000 3 g A / l 165 157 151 150 149 3 g B / l 193 178 168 161 154 3 g C / l 161 154 145 142 140 3 g VA / 1 160 130 119 120 117 3 g VB / 1 145 100 100 100 100 3 g CV / 1 123 123 121 122 121 Comparison solo 100 100 100 100 100

Example 6

In order to demonstrate the reduced depletion of elements in trace or trace elements of the conditioned soils according to the present invention, polymers A, B, VA, VB, VC were mixed analogously to Example 5, in an amount of 3g / l with 600g of sand and placed in 6 cm diameter glass columns. Then, the columns were fed with 176 mm of the saline solution described in Example 5, with a content of 1000 ppm - to simulate a watering of 176 mm, being placed at the top and removed at the bottom. Then, a Cu solution in a quantity of 2mg / l of soil was placed on the columns and the saline solution was watered in several stages up to an irrigation height of more than 283 mm. In relation to the · different soils, after irrigation of 0, 36, 70, 106, 140, 176, 212, 247, and 283 mm, the proportion of percentage of the amount of Cu received, which was still in the soil, was determined. The values are shown in Table 6.

Table 6 - Retention of copper ions in P ^and ££££ due to application quantity

Watering in mm 0 36 70 106] .40 176 212 247 283 Comparison solo 44.2 8.7 6β 6.2 6.0 58 5.6 5.6 5.6 3 g A / l 57.2 22.9 18.9 17.3 16.0 15.3 14.9 14.4 14.2 3 g B / l 60.6 26.5 24.5 23.5 22.8 22.4 22.2 22.2 22.2 3 g VA / 1 52.1 19.1 8.4 4.7 2.7 1.9 1.4 1.0 0.7 3 g VB / 1 56.1 19.1 8.9 5.5 4.1 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7 3 g CV / 1 59.2 19.1 12.0 6.9 6.1 5.7 5.5 5.5 5.5

Example 7 and 8

Depletion of the trace elements was tested due to irrigation with saline water of the treated soils, analogously to Example 6, in which, however, the columns were fed instead of a copper solution in Example 7, a zinc solution , in an amount corresponding to 3.5 mg of zinc per liter of soil, and in Example 8, a solution of manganese was applied in an amount corresponding to 6.875 g of manganese per liter of soil.

The proportions as a percentage of the zinc or manganese structures that remain in the soil, after each of the irrigation phases, depending on the quantity originally received, are shown in Tables 7 and 8.

Table 7 - Retention of zinc ions in% gives application amount Watering in mm 0 36 70 106 140 176 212 247 283 Comparison solo 41.8 7.5 4.7 4.2 3.9 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.3 3 g A / l 57.9 25.0 20.8 18.9 17.3 16.2 15.9 15.5 153 3 g B / l 58.8 24.9 21.7 20.5 19.5 18.9 18.5 18.1 17.9 3 g VA / 1 50.9 18.1 9β 6.5 4.7 4.1 3.8 3.6 3.2 3 g VB / 1 51.3 15.5 7.3 4.3 3.2 2.9 2.7 2.5 2β 3 g CV / 1 58.0 17.5 11.0 8.8 7.5 6.7 6.5 4.7 3.5

Table__8 - Retention of manganese ions in% of the amount of application

Watering in mm 0 36 70 106 140 176 212 247 283 Comparison solo 49.9 20.7 11.1 7.5 7.3 7.1 7.0 6.5 6.3 3 g B / l 63.4 36.3 28.4 29.0 20.2 18.1 16.7 15.0 14.2 3 g B / l 63.3 34.7 27.7 24.5 21.7 19.6 18.2 16.8 15.9 3 g VA / 1 53.7 23.1 18.0 14.9 12.7 11.0 9, 8 8.3 6.9 3 g VB / 1 54.6 £ 21 18.3 16.6 15.5 14.5 13.8 12.2 11.3 3 g VC / 1 60.5 28.5 16.7 11.1 7.7 5.6 4.8 3.9 3.5

Example__9 copolymer A was swollen with a solution containing MnSO ^, FeSO ^ and CuSO ^, such that, after drying, it had the same content of absorbed trace elements as copolymer D, in which said salts were dissolved in the monomer solution even before polymerization.

Both polymers were mixed with sand, analogous to Example 5, placed in glass columns and watered eight times with saline water (salt content of 1000 ppm) up to a height of 36 mm.

Table 9 shows the percentage of iron remaining in the soil after each

irrigation, in relation to the iron uptake ratio in the conditioned soil. The effect of nutrient deposition in the case of the use of copolymer D is better than in the use of copolymer A, with the trace elements absorbed by diffusion.

Table__9 - Iron retention in% of uptake content

Watering phases (used 36 mm) 1 g D / l

72 63

52 51 g A + absorbed trace element / 1

Claims (10)

1§ _ Process for the preparation of soil conditioning agents based on copolymers containing groups of sulfonic acid, characterized by the fact that cross-linked copolymers are prepared from mixtures of the following polymeric components A) 50 to 94.9% by moles of acrylamide and / or methacrylamine; B) 5 to 49.9 mole% of a sulfonic acid containing a vinyl group or a salt thereof, of general formula CH ₂ = CR - CO - NH - R ₂ - SOgM in which R means hydrogen or a methyl group; R ₂ means a straight or branched alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and M means hydrogen or a monovalent cation; C) 0.005 to 0.1 mole% of a water soluble polyfunctional vinyl compound, in which the polymeric component B can be replaced by comonomers containing carboxylic groups in an amount between 0 and 85 mole% with respect to your quantity. 2- Process according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the preparation of the copolymers, the following percentages of the aforementioned components are used: between 70 and 79.9 mole% of a component A of the copolymers; between 20 and 29.9 mole% of a component B and copolymers; and between 0.005 3- Process by the fact that e 0.1 mole% of a component according to claim 1, characterized in that component A of the polymer is acrylamide, component B of the polymer is a salt of acrylamido-methyl-propanesulfonic acid and the component C of the polymer is methylene- -bis-acrylamide. 4- Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the copolymers additionally contain plant nutrients. ^To 5 - Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the plant nutrients are selected from the group consisting of salts of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, molybdenum and boron. 6 ^ã - Process for the preparation of a plant culture substrate, characterized by the fact that sand, peat, perlite, vermiculite, tree bark, wood shavings, organic fertilizers, straw or a mixture of these ingredients are mixed with copolymers according to claims 1 or 4. 7. A process according to claim 6, characterized in that between 0.1 and 10 g / l of copolymers are used in said culture substrate. 8 - Process for preparing copolymers according to claim 4, characterized in that adding a monomer solution composed of the said components A, B and C according to claim 1, substances nutriti plants vas before polymerization. 9 - Process for o.condicionamento soil, characterized in, adding 0,1 to 10 g / l copolymer according to claims 1 to 4. 10 ^A - Process according to claim 9, characterized in that introduce or re - cycled copolymer in existing soil, the nutrients dissolved in water.