PL94015B1 - - Google Patents

Description

The subject of the invention is a pyrotechnic, malogas composition, suitable for the production of retarders for electric delay detonators, commonly used in shooting works in coal, ores and salt mining, in quarries and mining works. The retarder in the form of a metal tube, filled with a retardant mixture, is the retarder in a slow-blow fuze. There are many low-gas pyrotechnic mixtures based on the system of combustible substance and oxygen carrier, in which the combustible medium is usually ground metals, metal alloys , metal sulphides or silicides, and oxygen carriers - heavy metal oxides or their oxygen salts. Metals such as silicon, antimony, zirconium, aluminum, magnesium, molybdenum, boron and metal alloys such as ferrosilicon, metal silicides such as calcium silicide and sulfides such as antimony trisulfide and others have been used as combustible substances. The known oxidants include lead oxides, barium peroxide and oxygen salts such as lead and barium chromate, barium nitrate, potassium permanganate, etc. All known mixtures containing oxides or salts of heavy metals, e.g. according to Polish patent description No. 47 331 or description French Patent No. 1440006, are toxic to a greater or lesser extent and therefore threaten the health of workers with elaboration, can cause diseases such as lead, blood, respiratory and skin diseases, damage to the nervous tissue, heart muscle, glands, smooth muscles, and - sensitization, ulceration and others. For these reasons, special precautions are applied to the elaboration of this type of mixtures. Attempts to use thermite mixtures, i.e. mixtures of light metal (aluminum) with iron oxides, manganese, titanium, etc., as retarding mixtures for electric detonators, thermite ones, or they do not catch fire from the flame of the igniter head, or they emit too much heat, causing the burnout or melting of the metal elements of the igniter. Similarly, systems of metallic reducing agents with oxygen salts of light metals, such as chlorate, perchlorate, nitrate, potassium dichromate and others, proved to be non-flammable. Only the metal system with potassium permanganate is flammable and has long been used in the production of second and half second detonators. However, mixtures containing potassium permanganate are also toxic because of their strong irritating effect on the mucous membranes. It has surprisingly been found that it is possible to obtain a malogas delay pyrotechnic composition using a medium weight metal oxide mixture with an alkali metal salt as an oxygen carrier. . 94 01594 015 "" 3 "4 Metal oxides of the ferrous or manganese groups of metals such as manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, and salts such as sodium or potassium chlorate, perchlorate or nitrate are used in the compositions of the invention. The mutual ratios of oxide to salt in the oxygen carrier can vary between 20-60% salt and 80-40% oxide, which allows the burn rate of the retard mixture to be controlled. By selecting a suitable reducer for the carrier, which is a mixture of two substances, it is possible to obtain mixtures of fast, medium and slow-burning, suitable for the production of electric time-lagging torches with various degrees of delay, such as millisecond, quarter-second, half-second and half-second detonators. The mixtures according to the invention, apart from the characteristics characteristic of known mixtures, such as the uniformity of burning with the possibility of regulating the burning rate, are characterized by a low sensitivity to mechanical stimuli such as friction and impact, thanks to which they do not occur during their production and storage. dangerous crop failure. An additional, unprecedented advantage of the compound is obtaining, thanks to the use of a non-toxic metal oxide in the oxygen-fluid, a mixture characterized by non-toxic properties. The above characteristic of the mixture is of great importance in the production of detonators, as it eliminates the need to use additional special safeguards, , as well as to eliminate the risk of occupational diseases, such as metal poisoning. Lp- 1 lm 2. 3. '1 4 * Composition of the retardant mixture, flammable substance - ^ 16% Si oxygen carrier 54% Pb304 (known) combustible substance Sb— 27—29% Si ^ l_5% lAOS Oxygen carrier PbCr04—56—58% KC104—10—12% (known) combustible substance Sb- ^ 0% oxygen carrier KM11O4-60% (known) combustible substance —35% Sb oxygen carrier Fe2Os —42—48% KCIO4—20—24% (according to the invention) Burning rate (cm / sec) 0.7 0.5 0.7 Combustion heat * (caVg) 200 350—380 330 200—240 Sensitivity to frictional stimuli (kg) 4 36 36 36 per impact (KGm) 4 2.3 Very toxic b very toxic, irritating, detrimental, non-toxic, for malogas mixtures, the most preferred heat of combustion is 180-250 eal / g. heavy lamellae and allergies. The properties of the known retard blends and the inventive blend are summarized in the table below: 35% antimony, 43% ferric trioxide, 22% potassium perchlorate, pressed in retarders to a density of about 3.5 g / cm3 burns at a linear speed of about 0.7 cm / sec. Example II. Retarder mixture for quarter-second burners containing: 40% silicon, 45% ferric tetroxide, 15% potassium nitrate, pressed in retarders to a density of about 3.0 g / cm3 burns at a linear speed of about 1.0 cm / sec. Example III . Retarder compound for millisecond burners containing:% antimony sulphide, 52% manganese dioxide, 13% potassium chlorate, pressed in retarders to a density of about 3.0 g / cm3 burns at a linear speed of about 5.0 cm / sec. 5 94 015 6 PL

Claims (2)

Claims 1. Malogas retardant mixture for electric delayed detonators, consisting of a flammable substance and an oxygen carrier, characterized in that the oxygen carrier comprises a mixture of a metal oxide from the group of manganese or ferrous metals with an oxygen salt of an alkali metal such as sodium or potassium. 2. The mixture according to claim The process of claim 1, wherein the oxygen carrier is a mixture of 80-40% metal oxide and 20-60% oxygen salt. PL