PL9040B1 - Leclanche cell without insulating sludge. - Google Patents
Leclanche cell without insulating sludge. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- PL9040B1 PL9040B1 PL9040A PL904027A PL9040B1 PL 9040 B1 PL9040 B1 PL 9040B1 PL 9040 A PL9040 A PL 9040A PL 904027 A PL904027 A PL 904027A PL 9040 B1 PL9040 B1 PL 9040B1
- Authority
- PL
- Poland
- Prior art keywords
- salts
- insulating
- electrolyte
- zinc
- sludge
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910009112 xH2O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical class [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RCJVRSBWZCNNQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloridooxygen Chemical compound ClOCl RCJVRSBWZCNNQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Description
Ogniwo Leclanche, pomimo wielu jego zalet, odznacza sie jednak niestaloscia, co pozwala uzywac go tylko wtedy, gdy ma sie na celu przewaznie krótkie przerywane dzialanie, przy bardzo slabem natezeniu pradu.Wada ta pochodzi z szybkiego wzrasta¬ nia opornosci wewnetrznej, wywolanego charakterem reakcji chemicznej podczas wytwarzania pradu. Mianowicie cynk wy¬ piera z roztworu chlorku amonu amonjak i powstaje chlorek cynku, który in statu nascendi z amonjakiem i z tlenem powie¬ trza tworzy sól podwójna, dotad jeszcze dokladnie nieokreslonego skladu, nazywa¬ na zasadowym tlenochlorkiem cynku i a- monu. Jako nierozpuszczalny w roztworze salmjaku proszek bialy, zmetnia on elek¬ trolit, osiada na elektrodach i zwieksza te- mi drogami opornosc wewnetrzna.Stosownie do rozmaitych okolicznosci, osad ten bywa tez drobno lub kryptokry- staliczny.Udoskonalenie wedlug wynalazku po¬ lega na tern, iz osady sa redukowane do minimum i opózniane, oraz nie tworza one nietylko najszkodliwszej formy amorfnej lub kryptokrystalicznej lecz wystepuja w postaci nielicznych, stosunkowo wielkich krysztalów, niezrastajacych sie w wieksze masy, lecz rozsianych rzadko, tak ze wiel¬ kiej powierzchni opornej przeciwstawic jo¬ nom nie moga.Poza tern jednoczesnie wydobywane na powierzchnie przez elektrolize zanieczy¬ szczenia cynku (olów i inne metale) niepozostaja w ogniwach mokrych, a nawet suchych z mala koscia dodatków zgeszcza- |a^chfV|l^ |;Vj|t na powierzchni cynku, ^tworzac wraz z osadami skorupe, lecz opa¬ daja na dno w postaci czarnych igielek, powierzchnia zas weglowego elektrodu po¬ zostaje czysta, bez wdzierajacych sie do wnetrza odnózek osadu.Cel ten osiaga sie przez zmiane skladu i koncentracji plynu uzywanego za elek¬ trolit. Na miejsce zwyklego roztworu sal¬ injaku bierze sie za elektrolit roztwór jed¬ nej lub mieszaniny nastepujacych podwój¬ nych soli chlorku cynku i amonu: In C/2. NH4Cl 2ff20 Zn C/2. 2NH4CL Zn CL 2NHJCI 2H20 Zn C/o. 3NH,Cl. xH20 Zn CI2. 4NHL Cl xH20 w rozmaitych kombinacjach. Przytem uzy¬ wa sie soli wymienionych czystych lub z pospolitemi dodatkami.Zastosowanie do rozmaitych celów do¬ konywa sie zapomoca zmiany jakoscio¬ wych i liczbowych stosunków oraz stopnia koncentracji. Wobec tego przystosowanie sie do wymagan praktyki ma zakres oraz elastycznosc bardzo szerokie. PLThe Leclanche cell, despite its many advantages, is characterized by non-stability, which allows it to be used only when the purpose is mostly short intermittent operation with very weak current. This disadvantage comes from the rapid increase in internal resistance caused by the nature of the reaction. chemical during electricity generation. Namely, the zinc discharges ammonium chloride from the ammonium chloride solution and the formation of zinc chloride is formed, which in the form of nascend with ammonia and air oxygen forms a double salt of a hitherto precisely undefined composition, called basic zinc and mononium oxychloride. As a white powder that is insoluble in salmic acid solution, it crumbles the electrolyte, settles on the electrodes and in these ways increases the internal resistance. According to various circumstances, this sediment is also fine or cryptocrystalline. The improvement according to the invention is based on that the sediments are reduced to a minimum and delayed, and they do not form not only the most harmful amorphous or cryptocrystalline form, but appear in the form of a few, relatively large crystals, not growing into larger masses, but scattered rarely, so that a large resistant surface opposes the ionic outside the area, the zinc impurities (lead and other metals), simultaneously brought to the surface by electrolysis, do not remain in the wet and even dry cells with little bones of additives, which compresses on the zinc surface forming a crust with the sediments, but sinking to the bottom in the form of black needles, the surface of the carbon electrode remains clean, without sticking sediment legs. This is achieved by changing the composition and concentration of the liquid used for the electrolyte. Instead of the usual salinacak solution, the electrolyte is taken as the electrolyte solution of one or a mixture of the following double salts of zinc chloride and ammonium: In C / 2. NH4Cl 2ff20 Zn C / 2. 2NH4CL Zn CL 2NHJCI 2H20 Zn C / o. 3NH, Cl. xH20 Zn Cl2. 4NHL Cl xH20 in various combinations. In addition, the salts of the mentioned pure or with common additives are used. The application for various purposes is made without changing the qualitative and numerical ratios and the degree of concentration. Therefore, adaptation to the requirements of the practice has a very wide scope and flexibility. PL
Claims (2)
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| PL9040B1 true PL9040B1 (en) | 1928-08-31 |
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