PL84900B1 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
PL84900B1
PL84900B1 PL1973161308A PL16130873A PL84900B1 PL 84900 B1 PL84900 B1 PL 84900B1 PL 1973161308 A PL1973161308 A PL 1973161308A PL 16130873 A PL16130873 A PL 16130873A PL 84900 B1 PL84900 B1 PL 84900B1
Authority
PL
Poland
Prior art keywords
water
channels
crystallizer
flow
chambers
Prior art date
Application number
PL1973161308A
Other languages
Polish (pl)
Original Assignee
Us Steel Corpus
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Us Steel Corpus filed Critical Us Steel Corpus
Publication of PL84900B1 publication Critical patent/PL84900B1/pl

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/06Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
    • B22D11/0602Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars formed by a casting wheel and belt, e.g. Properzi-process
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • B22D11/055Cooling the moulds

Description

Przedmiotem wynalazku jest krystalizator blo- kowo-plytoiwy do ciaglego odlewania wlewków.Znany krystalizator zawiera wlewnice przeply- wiowa oraz plyty oislonowe. Pomiedzy plytami oslonowymi a Wlewnica, wzdluz kazdej z po¬ wierzchni czolowych przebiegaja równolegle, pio¬ nowe kanaly lub przejscia, którymi krazy woda.Woda jest wprowadzana do kanalów wlotami usy¬ tuowanymi w poblizu jednego konca, zwykle spo¬ du, a jest odprowadzana przez wyloty w poblizu drugiego konca kryistalizatora. Woda studzi wlew¬ nice i ulatwia zestalenie zewnetrznej warstwy odlewu przechodzacego przez krystalizator. Kazdy z wlotów zasila nie tyiJko kanaly umieszczone bez¬ posrednio naprzeciwko niego ale równiez kanaly 'znajdujace sie z jego boków.Woda nie rozplywa sie równomiernie po wszysit- kich kanalach ale usiluje sie skoncentrowac w kanalach najblizej polozonych wlotu, co powoduje, ze kanaly bardziej odlegle sa zasilane zbyt mala iloscia wody w wyniku czego wystepuje nierówno¬ mierne studzenie odlewu zle wplywajace na ja¬ kosc produktu.Znany jest z patentu USA nr 2&670I1& krystali- zaitor, w którymi wloty wody sa umieszczone na górze. Krystalizator ten wyposazany jest w prze¬ plyw umieszczony pomiedzy górnym wlotem a ka¬ nalami przez które przeplywa ciecz chlodzaca. Za¬ daniem przeplywu jest równomierne rozdzielenie cieczy chlodzacej miedzy kanaly. W przypadku wlotu wody umieszczonego na dole, zastosowanie analogicznego rozwiazania poprawia rozdzial wo¬ dy ale nie zapewnia, jak udowodniono, calkowicie równomiernego rozdzielenia strumienia wody na wlszyistkie kanaly.Celem wynalazku jest opracowanie konstrukcji kryistaiizatora do odlewania ciaglego umozliwia¬ jacego równomierny podzial wody chlodzacej mie¬ dzy kanaly.Cel wynalazku zostal osiagniety przez to, ze kryistalizator posiada przegrody tlumiace przeplyw iwody i umozliiwiajace równomierne jej rozpro¬ wadzanie do wszystkich kanalów przeplywowych we wlewnicy przeplywowej, osadzone w plytach oslonowych od .strony wewnetrznej naprzeciw wlo^ tu wody z rur doprowadzajacych do komór wod¬ nych.Kryistalizator do ciaglego odlewania wedlug wy¬ nalazku ma wlewnice przeplywowa i przymoco¬ wane do powierzchni zewnetrznych scianek wlew¬ nicy plyty oslonowe. W powierzchniach czolowych wlewnicy wykonanych jest kilkanascie równoleg¬ lych, przebiegajacych pionowo kanalów, którymi krazy woda, przy czym wlot do kanalów usytu¬ owany w poblizu dna krystalizatora, laczy sie z kanalami za posrednictwem komory i zasila kilka kanalów, z których niektóre sa umieszczone na¬ przeciw wlotu, a pozostale, bardziej odlegle, znaj¬ duja sie po obu jego stronach. W komorze, po¬ miedzy wlewnica a plytami oslonowymi umiesz- 8490084900 3 4 czone sa przegrody, których dolne krawedzie sa symetrycznie pochylone pod katem 5° do 15° do poziomu.Przedmiot wynalazku uwidoczniony jest w przy¬ kladzie wykonania na rysunku, na którym: fig. 1 przedstawia dolna czesc krystalizatora do odlewa¬ nia ciaglego w widoku z boku, fig. 2 — przekrój wzdluz linii II-II na fig. 1, fig. 3 — przekrój wzdluz linii III-III na fig. 2, fig. 4 — przekrój wzdluz linii IV-IV na fig. 3, fig. 5 — wykres krzywych obrazujacych rozklad wody wzdluz powierzchni C2olowej krystalizatora przy róznych rozwiazaniach wlotu.Jak wynika z "'fSgX\^% i 4, dolna czesc krysta- lizaibora do ciaglego' odlewania zawiera wlewnice przeplywowa 10 i plyty jbislonowe 12 przymocowa¬ ne df pawiej^chni. zewhetrznych scianek wlew¬ nicy fca poroocat stub 13 i nakretek 14. W kazdej plycie oslonowej 12 znajduje sie rura doprowa¬ dzajaca 15, w przyfblizeniu wspólsrodkowa z osia symetrii pirzecluodzaca pionowo przez srodek scia¬ ny w poblizu jej .spodu. W kazdej z zewnetrz¬ nych powieoraclmi wlewnicy 10 znajduje sie kidka- naiscie równoleglych, przebiegajacych pionowo ka¬ naków 16, którymi krazy woda. Kanaly 16 umiesz¬ czone naprizecfliwko srodków wlotów oznaczono przez 16a a kanaly najbardziej odlegle przez 16b.Kanaly przebiegaja az do wylotów umieszczonych w poblizu wierzchu krystalizatora (nie pokazanych na rysunku). Pokazany na rysunku krystalizator ma przekrój kwadratowy i sluzy do odlewania wlewków o przekroju kwadratowym ale wedlug podobnych zasad moze byc zbudowany krystali- zator do odlewania wyrobów o innych ksztaltach, na przyklad wlewków plaskich. W tym przypadku wezsze scianki krystalizattora bylyby podobne do scianek pokazanych, natomiast scianki szersze po¬ siadalyby po kilka wlotów prowadzacych do osob¬ nych obiegów wodnych.Na wewnejt:nznej powierzchni kazdej z plyt oslo¬ nowych 12 umieszczona jest przegroda 20 (fig. 3 i 4). Przegroda 20 znajduje sie pomiedzy rura do- prowadizaijajca 15 a kanalami 16 i jest usytuowana na stronie wylotowej komory wodnej 17. Dolne kra¬ wedzie 21. przegrody 20 sa symetrycznie pochylone pod katem 5° do 15° do poziomu. Wierzcholek i linia srodkowa przegrody 20 sa w przyblizeniu wspólsrodkowe z osia rury doprowadzajacej 15.Przegiroda 20 przeslania rure doprowadzajaca 15 o»d / wnetrza. Zadaniem przegrody 20 jest zmniej¬ szenie natezenia przeplywu wody do kanalu 16a umieszczonego naprzecijw wierzcholka przegrody i odpowiednie zwiekszenie natezenia przeplywu wody do najbardziej odleglych kanalów 16b (fig. 3). Dziejki nachyleniu dolnych krawedzi 21 prze- girody 20, natezenie przeplywu wody z komory wodnej 17 do kanalów 16 osiaga swoje maksimum naprzeciw kanalów najbardziej oddalonych. Kat nachylenia krawedzi 21 jest istotny dla osiagniecia równomiernego rozdzialu wody na kanaly 16, po¬ niewaz w przypadku gdy kat ten jest zbyt maly to odlegle kanaly 16b otrzymuja niewystarczajaca ilosc wody, a w przypadku gdy kat ten jest zbyt duzy to odlegle kanaly 16b otrzymuja zbyt wiele wody.Na fig. 5 przedstawiono szereg krzywych uzyska¬ nych w wyniku prób przeprowadzanych na kry- stalizatorach pokazanych na fig. 1 i 2. Na osi odcietych umieszczono szerokosc krystalizatora a na osi rzednych szybkosc przeplywu wody.Poszczególne punkty krzywych odpowiadaja po¬ szczególnym kanalom 16, których bylo po dziewiec na kazdej ze scian krystalizatora. Krzywa A przed¬ stawia rozklad predkosci w przypadku niestoso¬ wania przegrody, krzywa B w przypadku uzycia przegrody o prostej dolnej krawedzi, a krzywa C w przypadku uzycia przegrody, której dolne kra¬ wedzie byly odgiete do góry wzgledem poziomu o ill°. W kazdym przypadku do wlotu dostarcza¬ no wode z wydajnoscia 378,'0 litrów na minute.Krzywe reprezentuja najlepsze wyniki uzyskane w kazdym przypadku w czasie kilku prób. Jak wynika z krzywej A, szybkosc wody wynosila w tym przypadku w kanale srodkowym 500 cm/sek, a wkanalach najbardziej odleglych okolo 390 cm/isek. i 340 cm/:sek. W przypadku krzywej B, szybkosc wody w kanale srodkowym wynosila 390 cm/sek. a w kanalach najbardziej odleglych 3116 cmAsek. i nieco ponizej 300 cm/sek. W przypadku krzywej C, szybkosc wody w kanale srodkowym wynosila 39(0 cm/isek., a w kanalach najbardziej odleglych 41210 cm/sek. i 390 cm/sek.Przypadek B zostal uzyskany przy pomocy kon¬ strukcji odpowiadajacej przelewowi opisanemu w patencie Stanów Zjednoczonych nr 20671018 ale za- istosowanemu do wlotu umieszczonego na dole.Jak wynika z powyzszego opisu, krystalizator wedlug wynalazku odznacza sie prosta konstruk¬ cja i zapewnia uzyskanie bardziej równomiernego rozdzialu wody wzdluz czolowej powierzchni kry¬ stalizatora. W wyniku stosowania wynalazku od¬ lew stygnie w krystalizatorze bardziej równomier¬ nie i sa mniejsze tendencje do tworzenia sie de¬ fektów w wlewkach. PLThe subject of the invention is a block-plate crystallizer for continuous casting of ingots. The known crystallizer comprises flow molds and oislon plates. Between the casing plates and the ingot mold, parallel to each of the front surfaces are vertical channels or passages through which the water circulates. Water is introduced into the channels through inlets located near one end, usually the bottom, and is drained through outlets near the other end of the crystallizer. The water cools the ingots and helps to solidify the outer layer of the casting passing through the crystallizer. Each inlet feeds not only the channels located directly opposite it, but also the channels located on its sides. The water does not spread evenly over all channels, but tries to concentrate in the channels closest to the inlet, which makes the channels more distant. they are supplied with too little water, resulting in uneven cooling of the casting, which has a negative effect on the quality of the product. It is known from US Patent No. 2 & 670I1 & a crystallizer in which the water inlets are located at the top. This crystallizer is equipped with a flow located between the upper inlet and the channels through which the cooling liquid flows. The purpose of the flow is to evenly distribute the cooling liquid between the channels. In the case of a bottom water inlet, the use of an analogous solution improves the distribution of the water but does not, as has been proven, ensure a completely uniform distribution of the water stream into all the channels. The aim of the invention has been achieved by the fact that the crystallizer has partitions that dampen the flow of water and allow it to be evenly distributed to all flow channels in the flow ingot mold, embedded in the cover plates from the inside opposite the inlet of water to the chambers leading to the water supply chambers. The continuous casting crystallizer according to the invention has a flow ingot mold and a cover plates attached to the outer surfaces of the ingot mold. In the front surfaces of the ingot mold there are several parallel, vertically running channels through which the water circulates, the inlet of the channels located near the bottom of the crystallizer, connecting with the channels through the chamber and feeding several channels, some of which are located on ¬ opposite the inlet and the others, more distant, are on either side. In the chamber, between the ingot mold and the cover plates, partitions are placed, the lower edges of which are symmetrically inclined at an angle of 5 ° to 15 ° to the horizontal. The subject of the invention is illustrated in an example of the embodiment in the drawing, where: Fig. 1 is a side view of the lower part of the continuous casting mold; Fig. 2 is a section along line II-II in Fig. 1, Fig. 3 is a section taken along line III-III in Fig. 2, Fig. 4. - a section along the line IV-IV in Fig. 3, Fig. 5 - a diagram of the curves showing the distribution of water along the C 2ol surface of the crystallizer at different inlet solutions. As it follows from "fSgX \ ^% and 4, the lower part of the crystallization to continuous' The casting consists of a flow ingot mold 10 and jbislon plates 12 attached to the transom walls, the outer walls of the ingot mold fca poroocat stub 13 and nuts 14. In each shield 12 there is a feed tube 15, approximately centered on the axis of symmetry of the saw. vertically through The center of the wall near its underside. In each of the outer air vents of the ingot mold 10 there are a chain of parallel, vertically extending channels 16 through which water circulates. The channels 16 located opposite the centers of the inlets are indicated by 16a and the most distal channels by 16b. The channels extend to the outlets located near the top of the crystallizer (not shown). The crystallizer shown in the drawing has a square cross-section and serves for casting ingots with a square cross-section, but a crystallizer for casting products of other shapes, for example flat ingots, can be constructed according to similar principles. In this case, the narrower walls of the crystallizer would be similar to those shown, while the wider walls would have several inlets leading to separate water circuits. On the inner side of each shield 12 is a baffle 20 (Fig. 3 and 4). The partition 20 is located between the guide tube 15 and the channels 16 and is situated on the outlet side of the water chamber 17. The lower edge 21. of the partition 20 is symmetrically inclined at an angle of 5 ° to 15 ° from the horizontal. The top and center line of the baffle 20 are approximately concentric with the axis of the feed tube 15. A partition 20 overlaps the feed tube 15 about / inside. The purpose of the baffle 20 is to reduce the flow rate of water into the channel 16a located above the top of the baffle and accordingly increase the flow rate of water to the most distant channels 16b (FIG. 3). Due to the slope of the lower edges 21 of the barrier 20, the flow rate of the water from the water chamber 17 into the channels 16 reaches its maximum opposite the most distant channels. The angle of the slope of the edge 21 is important for achieving an even distribution of the water into the channels 16, because if this angle is too small, the distant channels 16b receive insufficient water, and if the angle is too large, the distant channels 16b receive too much. Fig. 5 shows a series of curves obtained from the tests carried out on the crystallizers shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The width of the crystallizer is shown on the truncated axis and the speed of water flow on the ordinates. 16, of which there were nine on each wall of the crystallizer. Curve A shows the velocity distribution when a partition is not used, curve B when a partition with a straight lower edge is used, and curve C when a partition with a straight lower edge is used, the lower edges of which have been angled upwards by ill °. In each case, water was supplied to the inlet at a capacity of 378.0 liters per minute. The curves represent the best results obtained in each case over several trials. As can be seen from the curve A, the water speed in this case was 500 cm / sec in the central channel, and in the most distant channels - about 390 cm / sec. and 340 cm /: sec. In the case of curve B, the water velocity in the middle channel was 390 cm / sec. and in the most distant canals - 3116 cmAsek. and slightly below 300 cm / sec. In the case of curve C, the water velocity in the middle channel was 39 (0 cm / sec., And in the most distant channels 41210 cm / sec. And 390 cm / sec.). Case B was obtained using a construction conforming to the overflow described in the United States patent. No. 20671018 but applied to the inlet at the bottom. As is apparent from the above description, the crystallizer according to the invention has a simple structure and provides a more uniform distribution of water along the front surface of the crystallizer. in the crystallizer more evenly and there is less tendency to the formation of defects in the ingots. PL

Claims (2)

1. Z a strzezenia patentowe i 1. Kirytstalizator blokowo-plytowy do odlewania ciaglego skladajacy sie z wlewnicy przeplywowej, wykonanej z jednego bloku materialu, w której sciankach od strony zewnetrznej znajduja sie ka¬ naly przeplywowe wody chlodzacej, z plyt oslo¬ nowych, w których w dolnych czesciach od wew¬ natrz wykonane sa komory wodne, przylegajacych do powierzchni zewnetrznych scianek wlewnicy i polaczonych z nimi za pomoca srub i nakretek oraz z rur wkrecanych w te plyty doprowadza¬ jacych wode do komór, znamienny tym, ze posiada przegrody (20) tlumiace przeplyw wody i umozli¬ wiajace równomiernie jej rozprowadzenie do wszystkich kanalów przeplywowych (16) we wlew¬ nicy przeplywowej (10), osadzone w plytach oslo¬ nowych (12) od strony wewnetrznej naprzeciw wlotu wody z rur doprowadzajacych (15) do ko¬ mór wodnych (17).1. Patent claims and 1. Block-plate crystallizer for continuous casting, consisting of a flow mold made of a single block of material, in which the walls on the outer side are provided with cooling water flow channels, made of which in the lower parts from the inside are made of water chambers, adjacent to the external surfaces of the ingot mold and connected to them by means of bolts and nuts, and of pipes screwed into these plates, supplying water to the chambers, characterized by the fact that it has partitions (20 ) suppressing the flow of water and allowing it to be evenly distributed to all flow channels (16) in the flow inlet (10), embedded in the shield plates (12) from the inside opposite the water inlet from the supply pipes (15) to the wheel ¬ aquatic chambers (17). 2. Krystalizator wedlug zastirz. 1, znamienny tym, ze przegroda (20) umieszczona jest w górnej cze¬ sci komory (17), przy czym dolne krawedzie (21) przegród (20) sa symetrycznie pochylone pod ka¬ tem 5 do 15° do poziomu. 10 15 20 25 30 25 40 45 50 55 6084900 TTfe,! TTb=84900 Tifea "TT&5 ^y , / VNb-- / A*~-- '-^f^ c y\ A yA \ .^--\-°-— ^°^^ ^<^ B ^-/ X ^-* 1 / 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Drukarnia Narodowa Zaklad Nr 6, Zam. 2539/76 Cena 10 zl PL2. Crystallizer as per claims. A method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the partition (20) is placed in the upper part of the chamber (17), the lower edges (21) of the partition (20) being symmetrically inclined at an angle of 5 to 15 ° to the horizontal. 10 15 20 25 30 25 40 45 50 55 6084900 TTfe ,! TTb = 84900 Tifea "TT & 5 ^ y, / VNb-- / A * ~ - '- ^ f ^ cy \ A yA \. ^ - \ - ° -— ^ ° ^^ ^ <^ B ^ - / X ^ - * 1/2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 National Printing House Factory No. 6, Order 2539/76 Price PLN 10 PL
PL1973161308A 1972-03-16 1973-03-16 PL84900B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US23518572A 1972-03-16 1972-03-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
PL84900B1 true PL84900B1 (en) 1976-04-30

Family

ID=22884456

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PL1973161308A PL84900B1 (en) 1972-03-16 1973-03-16

Country Status (17)

Country Link
US (1) US3763920A (en)
JP (1) JPS5517669B2 (en)
AR (1) AR198407A1 (en)
AT (1) AT329209B (en)
AU (1) AU471899B2 (en)
BE (1) BE796928A (en)
BR (1) BR7301789D0 (en)
CA (1) CA977522A (en)
DE (1) DE2313255A1 (en)
ES (1) ES412717A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2176154B1 (en)
GB (1) GB1420005A (en)
IT (1) IT980595B (en)
NL (1) NL7303517A (en)
PL (1) PL84900B1 (en)
RO (1) RO63290A (en)
ZA (1) ZA731642B (en)

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US3978910A (en) * 1975-07-07 1976-09-07 Gladwin Floyd R Mold plate cooling system
US4129172A (en) * 1976-10-27 1978-12-12 Lukens Steel Company Mold for electroslag remelting process
US4129175A (en) * 1977-08-01 1978-12-12 Gladwin Floyd R Continuous slab casting mold
JPS58100655A (en) * 1981-12-08 1983-06-15 Onkyo Corp Diaphragm for acoustic apparatus
DE3411359A1 (en) * 1984-03-28 1985-10-31 Mannesmann AG, 4000 Düsseldorf CONTINUOUS CHOCOLATE FOR ROUND OR BLOCK CROSS SECTIONS, ESPECIALLY FOR THE POURING OF LIQUID STEEL
JPS6171654A (en) * 1984-09-17 1986-04-12 Rohm Co Ltd Method of solder film adhesion to dip type ic
FI852493L (en) * 1985-06-24 1986-12-25 Outokumpu Oy KOKILL.
AT389251B (en) * 1987-12-23 1989-11-10 Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen COOLING OF A CONTINUOUS CASTING CHILL
DE4131829C2 (en) * 1990-10-02 1993-10-21 Mannesmann Ag Liquid-cooled mold for the continuous casting of steel strands in slab format
US5526869A (en) * 1994-09-29 1996-06-18 Gladwin Corporation Mold for continuous casting system
US5771958A (en) * 1995-09-14 1998-06-30 Ag Industries, Inc. Mold for continuous casting system
DE19639295C2 (en) * 1996-09-25 1999-09-09 Schloemann Siemag Ag Continuous casting mold
US5927378A (en) * 1997-03-19 1999-07-27 Ag Industries, Inc. Continuous casting mold and method
IT1310518B1 (en) 1999-01-13 2002-02-18 Danieli Off Mecc DEVICE FOR CONTINUOUS HIGH SPEED CASTING AND RELATED PROCESS
IT1310517B1 (en) 1999-01-13 2002-02-18 Danieli Off Mecc CONTINUOUS CASTING CRYSTALLIZER
HUP0301470A2 (en) * 2000-08-23 2003-08-28 Sms Demag Ag Chilled continuous casting mould for casting metal
US6374903B1 (en) 2000-09-11 2002-04-23 Ag Industries, Inc. System and process for optimizing cooling in continuous casting mold
US6338380B1 (en) 2001-04-27 2002-01-15 O'dwyer James P. Multiport mold cooling apparatus for continuous casting
PT1468760E (en) * 2003-04-16 2005-10-31 Concast Ag TUBULAR INJECTION FOR CONTINUOUS LEAKING
CN116237485B (en) * 2023-03-17 2023-10-31 江苏圣琪双金属材料有限公司 Die casting device is used in bus duct production

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US3049769A (en) * 1961-07-14 1962-08-21 United States Steel Corp Adjustable-taper mold for continuous casting
GB1049698A (en) * 1964-05-05 1966-11-30 British Iron Steel Research Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of elongate articles
US3595302A (en) * 1967-05-11 1971-07-27 Schloemann Ag Cooling structure for continuous-casting mold

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2176154A1 (en) 1973-10-26
DE2313255A1 (en) 1973-09-20
AU5301273A (en) 1974-09-12
GB1420005A (en) 1976-01-07
FR2176154B1 (en) 1978-08-11
US3763920A (en) 1973-10-09
AT329209B (en) 1976-04-26
BR7301789D0 (en) 1974-08-15
RO63290A (en) 1978-08-15
ATA226173A (en) 1975-07-15
NL7303517A (en) 1973-09-18
AU471899B2 (en) 1976-05-06
JPS493822A (en) 1974-01-14
AR198407A1 (en) 1974-06-21
ZA731642B (en) 1973-11-28
JPS5517669B2 (en) 1980-05-13
ES412717A1 (en) 1976-01-01
CA977522A (en) 1975-11-11
IT980595B (en) 1974-10-10
BE796928A (en) 1973-09-17

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