PL81759B1 - Insertion for fixing bolts or pins into ties made of putrefiable material, particularly for fixing screw spikes[yu34551b] - Google Patents

Abstract

1289718 Fixing screws and nails G NEUMANN [trading as GUNTER NEUMANN TERRASANERZEUGNISSE] 25 Sept 1969 [27 Sept 1968 4 April 1969] 47173/69 Heading F2H A screw or nail 2 is fixed in an oversized hole in a sleeper 1 by placing an iron or steel insert 6 in the hole to grip the screw or nail, placing solidifiable synthetic resin 11 in the hole and screwing or driving in the screw or nail. The insert may take the form of three or four rods which may be joined together to form a unit (Fig. 3, not shown), or may be a coil of circular, square or triangular cross-section (Fig. 5, not shown). The insert may be of rod of an effective diameter 2 to 6 times the gap between the screw or nail and the hole wall so that it is pressed partially into the wood by the screw or nail. The coil insert has an outer diameter less than or equal to the hole diameter and an inner diameter smaller than the core diameter of the screw; the screw engaging end (Fig. 6, not shown) being enlarged in diameter to facilitate engagement with the screw end. The synthetic resin may be poly-(maleic acid glygol ester) with styrene monomer, a catalyst such as benzoyl peroxide, an accelerator such as cobalt naphthenate, and optionally a filler such as quartz flow. The method is particularly applicable to refixing bolts or spikes in a railway sleeper that has rotted around the bolt by drilling a hole through the bolt hole in the tie plate 3 to remove the rotten wood and fixing the bolt as above. The resin fills the space between the bolt and sleeper and between the bolt and the tie plate, and passes between the bolt head 13 and the tie plate and between the tie plate and the sleeper. To ensure the formation of a layer of resin betwene the tie plate and the sleeper the tie plate may be supported around its edges by a foamed polystyrene strip prior to insertion of the bolt. Channels may be formed in the sleeper to collect excess resin. [GB1289718A]

Description

Method for embedding screws or nails and a device for carrying out the method. The subject of the invention is a method for embedding screws or nails in holes, and especially for nailing screws or gaikas and a device for carrying out this method. When screwing in or driving the screws or rail hooks in, there is a slight coarse phenomenon (rusting of the wedge in the vicinity of the screw or the hooks, which consequently becomes less and less embedded over time. The old rusty holes were closed with wooden spikes and the rail pads were shifted down and down the slopes in a new way and, after making new holes, connected to the underlaid again. the type of repair is very time-consuming and expensive, and besides, it does not guarantee that the screw or nail will not be seated in the foundation inadvertently, which often requires the replacement of the entire base, which is associated with a large amount of work, time and money. It has already been proposed to drill holes for - to fill the self-affirming maisa in which she could to be screwed in and a screw. This method requires stopping the ruohiu on the lrenitowainym track at the time needed for the removal of the mass or the replacement of the primer at that time (the percussion method. The method of tein ensures that the bolts in the isolbtiie are securely deposited in the maisie filling the hole. The lack of convenience and the creation of the possibility of regenerating the snub joints in the wood, or in the similar rusting maiteraalle, and the deterioration of which in the vicinity of the corrugation causes the loosening of the bolt seating, and in particular the regeneration of the bolted joints connecting the Celiac rail pads with the saplings. (this was achieved due to the fact that you drill a hole with a diameter larger than the smedinica, it was more necessary for the screw or the nail to sit tightly, and then it was inserted into the hole in the hole or the nail was driven into the hole or the nail, having previously inserted the nail into the hole of the insert. resistant material, predominantly made of iron O1 dimensioned for tight seating This method can be used to embed smub or lulb hooks in new sleepers, thanks to which the top of the inlay and the rust of the undercoat are removed from the top of the inlay. With the help of this method and it is also possible to settle the bolts or hooks directly in the concrete sleepers without the necessity of hammering and wood studs. The special advantage of slpolsob is that it can be sieved for repairs in those cases where the penetration of the core is soaked. direwnai, the twine and hooks have been completely loosened from the undercoats. It avoids this kind (repair, after removing the thread or nail, the wood can be used to fit the feathers with the cutters made through the usual threading of the broader blade. it is fco- 8175981759 3, neither loosening the fastening of the rail on the fcladlcle nor shifting the washer. Fraica becomes easier and poisonous, which reduces the cost of reloading. When unfolded, it has a larger diameter through the hole in the support rail. 'sirulbe lulb nail all material rusty stagnation removed d remains only healthy, intact wood. and the application of the method according to the invention is that the surface of the mantle is increased by about 50% and the opacification improves the distribution of Olsnien in relation to the condition before renovation. Thanks to the insert, the screw is relatively! the nail is tightly embraced, which enables a strong tightening of the stringer or a strong finish of the nail. As a result of the tight settling, the screws or the nail are greased, and the thread of a good seating of the rail, the section of the track is repaired, the track section is also slightly broken for use. Besides, thanks to the insert, between the screw, or the nail, a space is created, which can be made of plastic. it is usually inserted into the hole before the screw is screwed in, or before driving the nail, because the complete filling of the hole and plastic is slumped, and also when the screw is screwed in or the nail is hammered, the material subjected to pressure fills any gaps and gaps in the tree and flows out into the tree. The sand forms a layer sealing the hole between the base and the rail pad.The material spreads between the pad and the bearing surface of the base, creating layers after hardening with a strength greater than that of the wood, which prevents the rail pad from denting the base! P In this way, it formed a hardened surface and formed together with the simultaneous filling of gaps of a new type of full-fledged surface. To facilitate the hardness of the inlay layer between the rail washer and the bearing surface of the sleeper, before pouring the resin into the holes between the sub-base and the backing, there are stacked layers, which are distributed only in the area defined by the base of the chock and chaff. only for pax to stopper directions (rails of the edges of the washers. The layers are made of flexible matepnial, usually of foamed plastics, for which a slippery floor for the rail pad is used. Simply, by lifting the rail, the bend is slid from the washer by means of a lever. Deposition of the layers from one side of the uitrudta and the flow of the resin on the edges of the rail washer), and on the other side it creates space for the formation of a hardened laminated bonded fiberglass matrix. The gels are made of layers of a material that dissolves into a crepe a mixture of resins used to fill the hole, because it allows for the creation of a homogeneous layer of satin resin in the place occupied by mtLedscy-layered resin, plating the holes with a poly-mesh resin may also be an interlining and bonding method of interlining and bonded plywood. According to the invention, the screw, or the nail in the hole, is surrounded by a sheath made of resin, and it is three-faced. by irdze. After hardening of the resin, the anchoring of the siruiba took away (not the nail of the nail, defined abrasion; the strength of the mantle of the resinous reinforced insole. of the repaired section of the track with the course of course slowed down. According to wyinalazfcui, as an uitwandzalin material, one can use a non-volatile non-saturated polyglass, for example polyliglilcoester and maleic acid and unsaturated, usually on the indistinised, and undersaturated metric acid, on the basis of the indistincts the example of benzoyl and the deposition of cobalt inaffitianliate.The use of this material ensures good adhesion to the dye and at the same time allows, if necessary, to squeeze the sirtune or, if necessary, the nails of the hardened material and to re-deposit them without the fear of damaging and, especially without the risk of damaging them. destruction in ui ui made by 'sirulbe. A filler, for example quartz flour, for example quartz flour, the weight of the resin for the filler should be 00:40. The addition of a filler will increase the mechanical strength, and after the material has loosely hardened, it will ensure a strong anchoring! In the method of the invention, strands and strands are used which consist of at least three blades of soft steel, parallel to the axis of the screw relative to the nail. Thanks to these and nipples, a very good tightening of the screw or the nail is obtained and, at the same time, between the screw or the nail and the wall of the hole, there is enough space (for the formation of a reinforced plastic jacket in the axial and axial direction). 40 This reinforcement is particularly important in the case of stapling of bolts, because then the plastic sheath formed in the hole is largely weakened by the threads of the thread. Thanks to the reinforcement, individual rings of plastic are attached to the threads of the thread. are interconnected. In the case of the use of screws, the best results are obtained with three bars evenly spaced around the perimeter of the bolt. In the case of using four studs 50 to strengthen the seating, four sockets are used. rails, a hole is drilled with a diameter at least equal to the outer diameter screws, dizJieto and why 55 during repair all rusty material is removed. If the diameter of the hole corresponds more or less to the outer diameter of the bolt, the bars would press into the wood and join together the plastic and artificial mantle, consisting of individual rings penetrating the thread of the thread. the open hole depends on the depth] at which the bars can be pressed into the wood. It is generally preferred that the opening is given a larger diameter, which makes it possible for a thicker plastic mantle to be raised up and for insertion of thick and strong bars into the opening. When using the method according to the invention, it is oel that the diameter of the bars is about 100 to 500%, and most preferably about 4KM% greater than half the difference between the hole diameter and the active diameter of the bolt or nail. the diameter of the surface breached by the screw relative to which the nail is attached, while under the concept of the external sirediniica of the screw iroziumilain there is the outer diameter of the zairyis n the thread of the thread. The device for use and the way of use, according to the invention, is characteristic in that It is made of one section of appropriately bent and shaped material. The advantage of the bars being one unit is that it is easy to insert the set of bars into the hole, and above all, that it can be wound evenly when assembled in an even manner. (distribution of the bars along the walls of the opening. Recommended: the height of the insert should be lower than the depth of the opening, and why assembly becomes easier when the insert is placed on the bottom, and at the top edge of the opening a continuous plastic jacket is created, which is interrupted by the insert, which ensures a better sealing of the opening. [Invention *, bars may have an inequality thanks to which, from one sieve, a better anchoring of the inserts in the walls of the hole and the second one is to embed the screw or the nail. The purpose is to make the rods from twisted angular material, for example from a twisted square-section square * In this case, the rod diameter is This is the diagonal of the section of the profile. In the case of the application, according to the invention, resilient inserts in the form of a flexible spring can be placed in the holes. The thickness of the insert material is greater than the threading of the thread, its external diameter is less than or equal to the diameter of the holes, and its internal diameter is such as to enable the first thread to be screwed in at least at the entrance; while in the center of the insert it must be imndejisza from the diameter of the bolt core. When the screw is screwed into the insert, the latter is expanded and presses into the healthy wood. In the next stage of assembly, the insert together with the srtife is folded into the hole. In this way, thanks to the insert, a new thread is created in the hole, the plugs of which are positioned between the threads of the bolt and which cut into the wood or the material replacing wood. A device adapted to make bolted connections of rail chocks with railway chocks according to the method given in the invention is essentially characterized by the fact that the insert in its unshaped condition has the form of a spiral spring whose thickness is greater than the depth of the thread of the bolt, the diameter of which is the middle section is smaller than the diameter of the bolt's core in its central part, while at the entrance it is equal to or greater than the diameter of the core of the conically terminated end of the bolt, the outer diameter of which in the middle section is equal to or smaller than the diameter of the holes in the rail washer * Advantage of the invention is that the bolt holes can be repaired in the sleepers on site and without removing the rail washers, that the work associated with them is limited to the main maximum, that it excludes the possibility of unintentionally changing the spacing of the rails and that the same bolts can be reused which have been relaxed over time. The invention is explained in examples of its implementation in the drawing, in which c £ and g. 1 and 2 - show a screw rail anchored according to the invention, with rag. 1 shows a section taken along toto I-I as in FIG. 2, Fig. 2 - a cross-section along the H-II line as in Figs. Li, lig. 3 - an insert consisting of three bars, Figs. 4, 5, 6 - show a variant of the invention, while Fig. 4 - is analogous to Fig. 1 and Fig. 1. 5 and 6 - show the view of the insert from the side and top, fig. 7 - parts of the rail with the rail washers and risers, fig. 8 - enlarged section by angling the rail on the floor, along the lines VIII-VIII in fig. 7, fig. 9 and 10 - show the rail washers mounted on the sleepers. A hole 4 is drilled in the wood part 1 of the sleeper (Fig. 1), the diameter of which is greater than the external diameter of the thread 5 of the rail bolt 2 but not greater than the diameter of the hole 15 in the rail washer 3. In the case of reperaicide, all the expelled material is drilled so that only a healthy core remains. After the hole has been drilled, the insert is inserted as shown in Fig. 3. The insert consists of three bars 6 bent correspondingly from a profile, so that the insert is inserted into the hole as a whole. Two bars 6 are connected at the upper end by a cross arm 7 that touches the wall of the opening 4. At the lower end of the insert, two bars 6 are connected by the transverse arm 8 conductive through the hole marker, which is acceptable due to that the transverse frame 9 located at the lower end does not collide with the bolt. At the free upper end of one of the bars 6, a bent section 9 is formed which is enclosed by the screw 2 when screwed. The bend 9 not only provides an additional guide for the bolt 2, but also provides a cut-off which, when the bolt is inserted, relative to the bent bar. As it can be seen in the figure, the insert is made of a twisted square section, which creates / on the outer surface of the bars of the bars that interact with the thread mill 5 when screwing in the screw and, moreover, press into the wood \. After inserting, the insert hole 6 is filled with the insert 6. resin, with the addition of a hardener. Then the screw 2 is twisted. The screw 2 grasps the insert with its threads 5 and radially expands the bars 6, which press into the wood 1. In the above way, the screw 2 can be seated so tightly that it is possible to immediately start the arm. movement on a repetitive track, naturally with limited speed. When screw 2 is screwed in, excess material is pressed out of the hole 4 and gets into the ring - 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 GO81750 Nile filter 11 between the screw core and the rail washer located in the gap 10 between the rail pad 3 and the wood pad 1 and also to the gap 12 between the head of the bolt 13 and the rail pad 3. The extruded form creates a seal that reduces the risk of moisture in the hole 4 and prevents the deterioration of the wood under the influence of rust. iffig. 7 and 8, and the mounting of the rail 14 on the rail pad 3 is shown. The excess material, squeezed out when screwing the washer, passes through the slot 10 into the space between the rail washer and the rail and through the slot 12 into the space between the bolt head. 13 a rail pad 3. The squeezed out excess material flows out onto the pad and the rail pad. A groove 21 is provided in the underlay, in which the excess pressed out material is collected. The material collected in the groove (forms a stiffening rib over the entire width of the foundation and provides additional sealing with a padded pad and a rail pad. In a distant version of the bend shown on the pin 4, the insert 16 shown in Figs. 5 and 6 is laid. The insert is made of steel wire and has the shape of a spiral spring. The diameter of the wire is greater than the depth of the thread cut b? • In the non-deformed condition, the insert 16 has an outer diameter slightly smaller than the diameter of the hole 15 in the rail pad 3 and more or less the plane of the diameter of the hole 4 drilled in the wood 1 so that the liner 16 can be inserted into the hole 4 through the rail washer. The inner diameter of the liner 16 is smaller than the diameter of the core of the bolt 2 in its middle section. and screwing the screw 2 into the first thread of the insert 16, the end of the screw 2 has a conical shape. With further screwing, the insert 16 will expand and bend into the wood after for 1 Jon | ruibow. To facilitate insertion of the screw, the beginning 17 of the first turn of the insert 16 is slightly flared, which does not hinder the insertion of the insert through the hole 15 in the rail pad 3. The last turn of the insert 16 is bent inwards to form a transverse bolt 18 which is a screw-in limiter 2 into the insert 16. Due to such shaping, it is certain that the insert 16 is screwed to the bottom of the hole 4 in the wooden base 1. Before screwing the screw, the hole 4 is filled with resin, a mixture of resin and hardener or a sealing compound. This mass is hardened after screwing screw 2 together with the insert 16 ensures a good seating of the bolt 2 in the wooden base 1 and at the same time protects against the ingress of moisture. The illustrated example shows an insert made of a round wire, which, however, can be replaced with a wire of any other cross-section, for example a wire with a cross-section of 4-point or 3-point. Fig. 9 schematically shows a rail washer seen from yokes. A groove 21 is provided in the wooden sleeper 1, into which the excess material cut between the rail and the sleeper flows, and which anchors the material in this groove. Along the edges 19 of the rail pads perpendicular to the direction of the rails, strips 20 of expanded polystyrene are arranged on both sides. These strips can be easily inserted by lifting the rail together with the rail pads. In the non-compressed state, the strips are about 4 mm thick, and in the compressed state it is still quite large. to enable the creation of a free space between the rail pad and the sleeper. Thanks to this space, the complete formation of a plastic layer between the underlay and the rail pad is achieved and the following is avoided: the material flowing out along the edge 19. The strips 20 are made of a material that dissolves in the material used, for example expanded polysitrine, and are dissolved by " plastic, by means of which a uniform plastic cushion is formed under the rail pad 3. " Fig. 10 shows a similar arrangement to Fig. 9 but when the method is applied to concrete sleepers. The stripes may in this case be U-shaped and cover all edges of the rail pad 3L PL PL

Claims (1)

1. Claims 1. The method of embedding screws or nails, and in particular rail bolts or rail hooks in holes made in a material exposed to rust, such as wood, characterized by the fact that a hole (4) is made in the base (1) with a diameter larger than the diameter ensuring a tight fit of the screw or nail (2), and then the screw or the screw is screwed in, and the nail (2) is driven in by inserting the insert (6) into the hole (4), which places the screw or the nail tightly in the hole made of a resistant material, especially steel, and after the hardening plastic resin or mastic has been introduced into the opening. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a hardened resin is introduced into the opening (4), which is a mixture of unsaturated polyester, in particular maleic acid polyglycolester, and unsaturated manpmer, such as styrene, containing standard no catalysts, such as petrol peroxide zoyl and accelerators such as cobalt naiphytanate. 3. The method according to p. The method of claim 1, 2, characterized in that a filler, in particular quartz flour, is added to the hardened resin, the weight ratio of resin to filler being 60:40. 4. The method according to p. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the hole (4) is widened to a diameter at least equal to the external thread diameter (5) of the screw. 5. The method according to p. 1-5-4, characterized in that the holes (4) for the screws <2) are made of a diameter smaller than the diameter of the hole (15) in the rail washer (3), and when making these holes, the rail washers <3) is placed in their permanent places. 6. The method according to p. 1 - ^ - 5, characterized in that a layer of flexible material, especially foamed plastic, is placed between the sleeper (1) and the rail washer (3), with it 15 20 25 80 35 40 45 5fr 55 6081? Sd d and d What are the dimensions of this layer are defined by the edges of the rail pad (3). The method according to claim 6, characterized in that a layer of elastic material is used, at least partially dissolving in the mixture of synthetic resins introduced into the hole (4), whereby a polyester resin is used to fill the hole (4) flexible material is made of expanded polystyrene. A method according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that an insert (6) is used with a length less than the length of the screw (2) screwed into the hole (4), in particular with a length of approximately V3 of the length of the screw (2). 9. The method according to p. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the screwing depth of the screw (2) into the insert is limited by a stopper. liO. The method according to p. The method of any of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that an insert <6) consisting of at least three soft sieve bars with axes parallel to the axis of the screw or the nail (2) is used. 111. The method according to claim 11 The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that an insert (6) of bars is used, the active diameter of which is approximately 100 to 500% greater, preferably approximately 400% greater than half the difference between the hole diameter <4) and the active diameter the screws or the nail (2). 12l Method according to claims A spiral spring-shaped insert (16) with a thickness greater than the thread depth of the screw (2)), the outer diameter of which is equal to or less than The diameter of the hole (4), the internal diameter of which at the entrance enables the screwing in of the first thread, while in the remaining part it is smaller than the diameter of the core of the screw (2) in its central section. Device for applying the method according to claim 1, 1 to 12, characterized in that the insert (6, 16) is constituted by one section of bars suitably bent from the shape bar. 14. Device according to claim IR, characterized in that the bars have surface irregularities and are made of a twisted angle, especially with a caterokait cross-section. 13, 14, characterized in that the insert (6, 16) is placed on a depth slightly greater than two-thirds of the depth of the hole (4) or touches the bottom of the hole. 16. Device according to claim 13-15, characterized in that a groove (10) is provided in the underlay which at least partially surrounds the rail pad for the collection of excess plastic squeezed out of the opening (4). 17. Device according to claim li-9 and 12, characterized in that the inlay (16) in its non-deformed state has the form of a spiral spring the thickness of which is greater than the depth of the thread of the bolt (2), the internal diameter of which is however less than the diameter of the bolt core in its central however, at the entrance, over the length of at least the first turn, it is equal to or greater than the diameter of the core of the bolt with a conical end, and the outer diameter of which in the middle sections is equal to or less than the diameter of the hole (4) in the rail washer. IB. Device according to claim Device according to claim 17, characterized in that the last thread of the insert (16 / is bent inwards to form a transverse bolt (18) limiting the depth of screwing the bolt (2). 19. Device according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that the section is (17) of the first turn of the insert (16) is bent outwards. 3081759 FIG. 381759 FIG. 7 EN EN