PL46359B1

PL46359B1 -

Info

Publication number: PL46359B1
Application number: PL46359A
Authority: PL
Filing date: 1962-02-17
Publication date: 1962-10-15

Description

Opis y.yJcr.c drAicm :L ra G kwietnia 196^? P ?M*£ Ibibliotek, U.Uri-: O.,. ,.!TO»'*S° WIS'*.! t-»'*¦'^j*!'?.'-'.'-^ POLSKIEJ RZECZYPOSPOLITEJ LUDOWEJ OPIS PATENTOWY WTOTT Nr 46359 KI. 21 d2, 1 KI. internat. H 02 k/fOjjif Instytut Elektrotechniki*) Warszawa, Polska Prqdnica synchroniczna reluklancyjna o odwracanym strumieniu magnetycznym Patent trwa od dnia 17 lutego 1962 r.Znane sa jednofazowe synchroniczne pradni¬ ce reluktancyjne sredniej czestotliwosci z roz¬ szczepionymi biegunami (fig. 1) lub o zlobko¬ waniu ciaglym (fig. 2), w których liczba ze¬ bów wirnika jest dwukrotnie mniejsza od liczby zebów stojana. Liczba zebów stojana tych prad¬ nic jest zawsze krotnoscia liczby 4. Pradnice te nie zawieraja zadnych uzwojen w wirniku, a uzwojenie wzbudzenia i twornika umieszczo¬ ne sa w stojanie. W pradnicach z biegunami dzielonymi wedlug fig. 1 zezwoje (cewki) uzwo¬ jenia wzbudzenia 4 zalozone sa na pienkach tych biegunów 2a, a zezwoje uzwojenia twor¬ nika 5 — w zlobkach dwóch sasiednich rózno- *) Wlasciciel patentu oswiadczyl, ze twórca wynalazku jest mgr inz. Aleksander Straszew¬ ski. imiennych biegunów 2. W pradnicach o zlobko¬ waniu ciaglym (fig. 2) boki zezwojów uzwoje¬ nia wzbudzenia 4 leza w dwóch zlobkach, od¬ dzielonych od siebie dwoma zebami i jednym zlobkiem, czyli poskok zezwoju uzwojen tych pradnic równy jest y = 2. Zezwoje uzwojenia twornika 5 tych maszyn sa identyczne (poza liczba zwojów) jak zezwoje uzwojenia wzbudze¬ nia i sa przesuniete o jeden zlobek wzgledem zezwojów wzbudzenia.Zeby stojana 2 obu rodzajów maszyn sa na- magnesowywane przez uzwojenie wzbudzenia w taki sposób, ze kolejno utworzone sa po dwa bieguny pólnocne N oraz po dwa bieguny po¬ ludniowe S. Liczba takich par biegunów pól¬ nocnych na obwodzie stojana jednej pradnicy powinna byc równa liczbie biegunów poludnio¬ wych, a poniewaz jest zawsze po dwa zeby jed¬ nej biegunowosci, wiec liczba zebów stojana po- 5tz2 < 04i otrzymuje sie bardzo prosty obwód magnetyczny maszyny synchronicznej — fig. 3c.W zasadzie wszystkie procesy jak przeplyw glównego strumienia wzbudzenia, przeplyw stru¬ mienia oddzialywania twornika, zamykanie sie strumieni rozproszenia, odbywaja sie w jednym i tym samym rdzeniu (torze magnetycznym).Rdzen ten nie posiada zadnych dodatkowych zlobków, które w jakikolwiek sposób znieksztal¬ calyby ksztalt strumienia magnetycznego prze¬ plywajacego w tym rdzeniu.Jednakze uklad taki posiada te wade, ze pod¬ czas wirowania wirnika w strumieniu wzbudze¬ nia powstaje tetnienie, wywolywane zmiana przewodnosci magnetycznej miedzy polozeniem zebów wirnika naprzeciw zebów stojana (ma¬ ksimum przewodnosci — fig. 3c) i polozeniem zebów wirnika naprzeciw szczerbinek zlobko¬ wych stojana (minimum przewodnosci — fig. 3d).To niekorzystne tetnienie strumienia wzbu¬ dzenia, powodujace powstawanie wyzszych har¬ monicznych i znieksztalcenie krzywej napiecia pradnicy, mozna usunac, nadajac zebom wir¬ nika skos wzgledem zebów stojana. Skos ten dla pradnicy jednofazowej powinien w zasa¬ dzie byc równy polowie podzialki zebowej wir¬ nika — 0,5xz2.Na fig. 5a, b, c i d przedstawione sa w rozwi¬ nietym rzucie zeby stojana zii — 2*4 i zeby wir¬ nika zti—zi3 pradnicy synchronicznej reluktan- cyjnej o liczbie zebów stojana równej cztery i liczbie zebów wirnika równej dwa. Zeby wir¬ nika maja skos równy 0,5t/2. Biegunowosc ze¬ bów stojana jest oznaczona na fig. 5 literami N i S. Pod tymi rysunkami podana jest po- dzialka w stopniach elektrycznych z oznacze¬ niem kazdorazowego polozenia w stopniach i polozenie na sinusoidzie strumienia wzbudze¬ nia. Na rys. Sc podany jest ksztalt blach stoja¬ na i wirnika pradnicy.(Przy takim wzajemnym pofazendu sejbów sto¬ jana i wirnika przewodnosc magnetyczna w od¬ niesieniu do stalego strumienia wzbudzenia pod¬ czas wirowania wirnika nie bedzie ulegala zmia¬ nom. Wystarczy porównac rózne polozenia ze¬ bów wirnika wzgledem zebów stojana azeby skon¬ statowac, ze suma powierzchni zebów wirnika »!—zt| pokrywajacych zeby stojana o bieguno¬ wosci N (zeby zi! —zit) równa Jest w kazdym przypadku sumie powierzchni tych samych ze¬ bów pokrywajacych zeby stojana o przeciwnej biegunowosci S (zeby ii| —C14). Oznacza to, ze droga przeplywu strumienia miedzy biegunami N i S pozostaje niezmienna w czasie wirowania wirnika a tym samym strumien staly nie wyka¬ zuje tetnienia.Poniewaz kazdy zezwój uzwojenia twornika ochwytuje dwa zeby róznej biegunowosci Ni S (np. zeby zit i zi8), to kazda para zebów jedna¬ kowej biegunowosci nalezy do dwóch róznych zezwojów. Maksimum strumienia zmiennego we¬ wnatrz jednego zezwoju uzwojenia twornika wystepuje wówczas, gdy zab wirnika pokrywa tylko jeden zab stojana i gdy powierzchnia na¬ kladania sie zeba wirnika na zab stojana jest najwieksza (fig. 5b i d). To maksimum wyste¬ puje dla jednego zezwoju na przeciagu 360° elektrycznych dwa razy — jeden raz przy po¬ krywaniu sie zeba wirnika z jednym zebem stojana o jednej biegunowosci, — np. 2is, co od¬ powiada 90° elektrycznym (fig. 5b), a drugi raz przy pokrywaniu sie tego samego zeba wirnika z nastepnym zebem o przeciwnej biegunowosci — np. zi8 nalezacym do tego samego zezwoju, liczac w kierunku wirowania, co odpowiada 270° elektrycznym (fig. 5d). W polozeniach 0° i 180° elektrycznych (fig. 5a i c) jeden zab wirnika po¬ krywa w równym stopniu dwa zeby o jednako¬ wej lub dwa zeby o róznej biegunowosci. W obu przypadkach przez zezwój twornika przeplywa¬ ja dwa strumienie skierowane przeciwnie do siebie, które znosza sie wzajemnie.Mozna z tego wywnioskowac, ze dla okreslenia wartosci stalego strumienia wzbudzenia, wytwa¬ rzanego przez zezwoje uzwojenia wzbudzenia, miarodajna jest suma powierzchni nakladania sie jednego lub-dwóch zebów wirnika na pare zebów stojana o jednakowej biegunowosci, czyli np. Stt ™ Szii + Szii (fig. 5a —d). Natomiast dla strumienia zmiennego (odwracanego), wykorzy¬ stywanego do wzbudzania sily elektromotorycz¬ nej w zezwojach twornika, miarodajna jest róz¬ nica powierzchni dwóch zebów róznoimiennej biegunowosci, np. Sxm- Szu — Szit- Pradnica synchroniczna reluktancyjna wedlug wynalazku w swojej najprostszej postaci, t. zn. przy czterech zebach i zlobkach stojana i dwóch zebach wirnika jest pradnica czterobiegunowa (fig. 5e). Przy pozostawieniu tej sarniej liczby; ze¬ bów stojana mozna jednak zwiekszyc liczbe bie¬ gunów pradnicy, zwiekszajac liczbe zebów wir¬ nika. Po to jednak azeby nie utracic dobrych wlasciwosci pradnicy, które zostaly jej nadane przez wprowadzenie warunku a6, nalezy wy¬ konac pradnice o wiekszej liczbie par biegu¬ nów w taki sposób, azeby równiez i tu zostal spelniony ten sam warunek. — a —winna wynosic co najmniej 4 lub stanowic krotnosc liczby 4.Podczas wirowania wirnika strumien magne¬ tyczny jest sprzegany za posrednictwem dwóch sasiednich zebów wirnika 7 raz z jedna para, a nastepnie znów z druga para zebów stojana.W stosunku do zezwoju twornika 5 ochwytu- jacego dwa zeby o róznoimiennej biegunowosci N i S strumien bedzie kolejno przeplywal pod¬ czas wirowania wirnika przez ten zezwój raz w jednym a drugi raz w przeciwnym kierunku, dzieki czemu wzbudzana w nim bedzie zmienna sila elektromotoryczna.Ze wzgledu na taki sposób odwracania kie¬ runku strumienia magnetycznego w stosunku do zezwoju twornika, pradnice te zostaly nazwane pradnicami o odwracanym polu magnetycznym, wzglednie o przelaczanym strumieniu magne¬ tycznym.Z posród obu przedstawionych na fig. 1 i fig. 2 konstrukcji pradnic znacznie korzystniejsza zarówno pod wzgledem technologicznym jak i pod wzgledem wykorzystania przestrzeni jest pradnica wedlug fig. 2, czyli pradnica o zlob¬ kowaniu ciaglym.Wykonywane dotychczas pradnice jednofazo¬ we wedlug fig. 1 i 2 maja dwie podstawowe wa¬ dy. Sa one obarczone bardzo duzym strumie¬ niem rozproszenia, który sie zamyka wewnatrz zezwoju twornika przy przechodzeniu zeba wir¬ nika pod dwoma zebami stojana o rózne} bie¬ gunowosci, jak równiez w polozeniu gdy zab wirnika stoi naprzeciw zeba stojana i w in¬ nych polozeniach przejsciowych. Druga wade stanowi duza zawartosc harmonicznych w krzy¬ wej napiecia, wywolana tetnieniem strumienia wzbudzenia.Przedmiotem niniejszego zgloszenia patento¬ wego jest pradnica synchroniczna reluktancyj- na o odwracanym strumieniu magnetycznym o specjalnych ksztaltach zebów stojana i wir¬ nika, dzieki którym strumienie rozproszenia tej pradnicy sa izreduikowaine do bardzo malych war¬ tosci. Na fig. 3a i b przedstawiony jest ksztalt zebów pradnicy stosowany w dotychczasowych jej wykonaniach, a na fig. 3c i d ksztalt zebów nowej pradnicy.Jak widac z fig. 3b strumien rozproszenia w chwili przechodzenia zeba wirnika pod dwoma sasiednimi zebami stojana o róznej biegunowos¬ ci zamyka sie na drodze: zab stojana z\\ — szczelina powietrzna — zab wirnika z»i — szcze¬ lina powietrzna — zab -stojana zit — jarzmo stojana. Przy wysokich stopniach nasycenia stali czynnej maszyny duza czesc sttamdeniarozpro¬ szenia 0r zamyka sie równiez bezposrednio przez szczerbinke zlobkowa b41. W polozeniu wedlug fig. 3a powstaje równiez przy nasyceniu stali czynnej duzy strumien rozproszenia, obnizaja¬ cy strumien glówny.Ten strumien rozproszenia zamyka% sie calko¬ wicie wewnatrz zezwoju twornika 5. Tym sa¬ mym nie wzbudza on zadnej sem, a wiec jest strumieniem pasozytniczym.Przy ksztalcie zebów wedlug fig. 3c i d t. zn. przy utrzymaniu szerokosci zeba wirnika mniej¬ szej od szerokosci szczerbinki, zlobkowej, stru¬ mien rozproszenia 0r ma do przebycia znacznie wieksza droge w powietrzu niz przy ksztalcie zebów wg fig. 3a i b. Decyduje o tym wielkosc odstepów a miedzy obu krawedziami zeba wir¬ nika 7 i zebów stojana 2 (fig. 4), przez letóre powinien zamykac sie strumien rozproszenia 0T.Odstep a jest zalezny od wielkosci szczeliny 6, od szerokosci zeba wirnika bz2 i od szerokosci szczerbinki zlobkowej stojana b*1} jak równiez od polozenia zeba wirnika 7 wzgledem szczer¬ binki zlobkowej 3.Najbardziej korzystne warunki dla zamykania sie strumienia rozproszenia 0r istnieja wów¬ czas, gdy zab wirnika 7 stoi posrodku szczer¬ binki zlobkowej 3 stojana 1. Wówczas odstepy a po obu stronach zeba wirnika 7. sa sobie równe.Dla okreslenia odstepu a — (fig. 4) mozna po¬ minac wplyw krzywizny zebów stojana i wirni¬ ka i uwazac, ze sa one proste, jak na fig. 4.Wówczas odstep o mozna okreslic z trójkata ABC za pomoca wzoru ._/ (b4i-bz2)» ^ a= 1/ 5+ r 4 Z powyzszego wzoru oraz z warunku bz2 < b^. wynika, ze a8.Utrzymujac dostatecznie duza wartosc a moz¬ na zapewnic bardzo maly poziom strumieni roz¬ proszenia pradnicy. Inne drogi zamykania sie strumieni rozproszenia pradnicy prowadza pra¬ wie wylacznie poprzez duze odcinki powietrza i te strumienie rozproszenia sa bardzo male w porównaniu ze strumieniem zamykajacym sie poprzez zeby stojana i wirnika oraz przez dwa odstepy a. Strumienie rozproszenia na czolach uzwojenia sa ze wzgledu na male dlugosci czól zezwojów równiez bardzo male.Przy zachowaniu warunku a 5, t. zn. przy utrzymaniu szerokosci zeba wirnika mniejszej od szerokosci szczerbinki zlobkowej stojanardzeniach blachy anizotropowe o uprzywilejo¬ wanym kierunku przewodzenia strumienia ma¬ gnetycznego i niskiej stratnc-scju Ponadto mozli¬ wosc dowolnego doboru ksztaltu blach pozwala dostosowac wymiary zewnetrzne pradnicy do kazdego ksztaltu kadluba, nie tracac przy tym nic na wykorzystaniu przestrzeni oraz dobrac równoczesnie najkorzystniejszy ksztalt obwodu magnetycznego i formy zezwojów uzwojen. PLDescription of y.yJcr.c drAicm: L ra G April 196 ^? P? M * £ Ibibliotek, U.Uri-: O.,. ,.! TO »'* S ° WIS' *.! t - »'* ¦' ^ j *! '? .'-'.'- ^ POLISH PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC PATENT DESCRIPTION WTOTT No. 46359 KI. 21 d2, 1 KI. boarding school. H 02 k / fOjjif Instytut Elektrotechniki *) Warsaw, Poland Synchronous reluctance generator with reversed magnetic flux The patent has been in force since February 17, 1962. We know of single-phase synchronous reluctance generators with disconnected poles (Fig. 1) continuous grooving (FIG. 2), in which the number of teeth in the rotor is twice as low as the number of teeth in the stator. The number of stator teeth of these generators is always times the number 4. These generators do not contain any windings in the rotor, and the excitation and armature windings are placed in the stator. In generators with split poles according to Fig. 1, the coils (coils) of the excitation winding 4 are placed on the stems of these poles 2a, and the coils of the armature winding 5 - in the slots of two adjacent differentials - *). The patent owner declared that the inventor is Aleksander Straszewski, MSc. 2. In generators with continuous groove (Fig. 2), the sides of the turns of the excitation winding 4 lie in two grooves, separated from each other by two teeth and one groove, i.e. the pitch of the windings of these generator windings is equal to y = 2 The turns of the armature winding 5 of these machines are identical (except for the number of turns) of the turns of the excitation winding and are shifted one slot with respect to the turns of the excitation. The stator teeth 2 of both types of machines are magnetized by the field winding in such a way that they are successively formed. there are two north poles N and two south S poles. The number of such pairs of north poles on the stator circumference of one generator should be equal to the number of south poles, and since there are always two polarity to one polarity, the number stator teeth at 5tz2 <04i, a very simple magnetic circuit of a synchronous machine is obtained - Fig. 3c. In principle, all processes, such as main excitation flux flow, flow The armature interactions and the closing of the scattering fluxes take place in one and the same core (the magnetic track). This core has no additional grooves that would in any way distort the entire shape of the magnetic flux flowing in this core. It also has the disadvantage that during the rotation of the rotor in the excitation stream, a ripple is created, the change in magnetic conductivity caused between the position of the rotor teeth opposite the stator teeth (conductivity maximum - Fig. 3c) and the position of the rotor teeth opposite the stator grooves ( Conductivity minimum - Fig. 3d). This unfavorable excitation flux ripple, causing higher harmonics and distortion of the generator voltage curve, can be removed by making the rotor teeth skew with respect to the stator teeth. This skew for a single-phase generator should, as a rule, be equal to half the tooth pitch of the rotor - 0.5 x 2. In Figs. 5a, b, c and d are shown in an expanded view of the stator teeth zii - 2 * 4 and the rotor teeth. zti — zi3 a synchronous reluctance generator with four stator teeth and two rotor teeth. The rotor has a skew of 0.5t / 2. The polarity of the stator teeth is indicated in FIG. 5 by the letters N and S. Below these figures the division in electric degrees is given with the respective position in degrees and the position on the sinusoid of the excitation flux. Fig. Sc shows the shape of the plates of the stator and the generator rotor. (With such a mutual angle between the stator and the rotor, the magnetic conductivity in relation to the constant excitation flux will not change during the rotation of the rotor. the different positions of the rotor teeth with respect to the stator teeth in order to conclude that the sum of the rotor teeth surfaces »! - zt | covering the stator teeth with polarity N (to z! - zit) is equal in each case to the sum of the surfaces of the same teeth. the teeth covering the stator teeth of opposite polarity S (teeth ii | —C14). This means that the flow path between the poles N and S remains unchanged during the rotation of the rotor, and thus the steady stream does not show ripple. Because each turn of the armature winding captures two teeth with different polarity Ni S (e.g. teeth zit and zi8), then each pair of teeth with the same polarity belongs to two different turns. The maximum alternating flux inside one tooth The winding of the armature winding occurs when the rotor tooth covers only one stator tooth and when the overlap area of the rotor tooth on the stator tooth is the largest (Fig. 5b and d). This maximum occurs for one coil in 360 ° electrical tract twice - once when the rotor tooth overlaps with one stator tooth of one polarity - e.g. 2is, which corresponds to 90 ° electrical (Fig. 5b) and the second time when the same rotor tooth overlaps with the next tooth of opposite polarity - e.g. z8 belonging to the same coil, counting in the direction of rotation, which corresponds to 270 ° electric (Fig. 5d). At the 0 ° and 180 ° electrical positions (FIGS. 5a and c), one rotor tooth equally covers two teeth with the same or two teeth with different polarity. In both cases, two streams directed opposite to each other flow through the armature coil, canceling each other out. From this it can be concluded that for the determination of the value of the constant excitation flux produced by the excitation winding turns, the sum of the overlapping areas of one or - two rotor teeth per pair of stator teeth with the same polarity, that is, for example, Stt ™ Szii + Szii (fig. 5a-d). On the other hand, for the alternating (reversed) flux, used to induce the electromotive force in the armature coils, the decisive factor is the difference in the area of two teeth with different polarity, e.g. t. known. with four stator teeth and grooves and two rotor teeth there is a four-pole generator (Fig. 5e). Leaving that number deer; However, the number of generator poles may be increased by increasing the number of rotor teeth. However, in order not to lose the good properties of the generator, which were given to it by introducing the condition a6, it is necessary to construct the alternators with a greater number of pole pairs in such a way that the same condition is also met here. - and - should be at least 4 or be times the number 4. During the rotation of the rotor, the magnetic flux is coupled through two adjacent rotor teeth 7 times with one pair, and then again with the second pair of stator teeth. of the gripper, two teeth of different polarity N and S, during the rotation of the rotor, the stream will successively flow through this coil, and then in the opposite direction, so that a variable electromotive force will be induced in it. The direction of the magnetic flux in relation to the armature coil, these generators were called reverse magnetic field generators, or alternatively with switched magnetic flux. Among the two designs shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the generator is much more advantageous both in terms of technology and in terms of space utilization, there is a generator according to Fig. 2, that is, a generator with a continuous groove. The previously used single-phase generators according to FIGS. 1 and 2 have two major drawbacks. They are burdened with a very large scattering flux, which closes inside the armature coil when the rotor tooth passes under two stator teeth with different polarity, as well as in the position when the rotor boss faces the stator tooth and in other transitional positions . The second disadvantage is the large content of harmonics in the voltage curve, caused by the excitation flux ripple. The subject of this patent application is the inverted magnetic flux synchronous reluctance generator with special shapes of stator and rotor teeth, thanks to which the dissipation fluxes of this generator are is reduced to very small values. Figs. 3a and b show the shape of the teeth of the generator used in its previous versions, and in Fig. 3c and d is the shape of the teeth of the new generator. As can be seen from Fig. 3b, the scattering flux when the rotor tooth passes under two adjacent stator teeth with different polarity it closes on the road: stator teeth with - air gap - rotor teeth with - and - air gap - stopped - stator yoke. At high degrees of saturation of the machine's active steel, a large part of the diffusion 0r from there is also closed directly by the groove gap b41. In the position according to Fig. 3a, also, when the active steel is saturated, a large flux of dissipation is produced, which lowers the main flux. This flux of dissipation closes completely inside the armature flux 5. Thus, it does not induce any semen, thus it is a flux. in the shape of the teeth according to Fig. 3c and n. while keeping the rotor tooth width smaller than the width of the groove, the scattering stream 0r has a much greater distance to travel in the air than with the shape of the teeth according to Figs. 3a and b. This is determined by the size of the gaps between the two edges of the vortex. nika 7 and stator teeth 2 (Fig. 4), through which the leakage stream 0T should close. The distance a depends on the size of the gap 6, the width of the rotor tooth bz2 and the width of the stator slot b * 1} as well as the position of the tooth of the rotor 7 with respect to the groove 3. The most favorable conditions for the closing of the scatter flux 0r exist when the rotor groove 7 stands in the center of the groove 3 of the stator 1. Then the gaps a on both sides of the rotor tooth 7. are equal to each other. For the determination of the a - interval (Fig. 4), one can ignore the effect of the curvature of the stator and rotor teeth and consider that they are straight, as in Fig. 4. Then the interval o can be determined from the triangle ABC using the formula oru ._ / (b4i-bz2) »^ a = 1 / 5+ r 4 From the above formula and the condition bz2 <b ^. it follows that a8. Keeping a sufficiently large value and a very low level of the generator's dispersion jets can be ensured. Other paths of closure of the generator scatter fluxes are almost exclusively through large air sections, and these scatter fluxes are very small compared to the flux flush through the stator and rotor tines and the two spacing distances. The winding fluxes are small due to their small size. the length of the coil parts is also very small, with the condition a 5, i.e. n. while keeping the rotor tooth width smaller than the stator groove width, anisotropic sheets with a preferred direction of magnetic flux conduction and low lossy-scification. nothing to use the space and choose the most advantageous shape of the magnetic circuit and the form of the windings. PL

Claims

1. Patent claims 1. Synchronous, reluctance generator with reversed magnetic flux with four grooves of the same size and four teeth, with a y-2 pitch excitation winding placed in two opposite grooves and a 6 pitch armature winding also placed in two other opposite grooves, with a set of rotor plates with the number of teeth Z2 twice as small as the number of teeth ZA of the stator plate package, i.e. with two teeth, not containing any windings, with a tooth pitch of the rotor xz2 equal to exactly twice the tooth divisions tz1 stator, characterized by the fact that the width of the rotor (7) pradrifcy teeth is smaller than the width of the stator groove (3).

2. Electric generator according to claims 1, with the skew of the teeth of the rotor in relation to the stator, characterized in that the skew of the teeth (b) is equal to half the tooth pitch of the virnife, ^ z2-or is in the range from 0 ^ 3 to 0/5 of this pitch, which corresponds to the skew from Sokolo 110 "to 180% of the electric degree <5zny.chj. also Due to the skew of the rotor tines relative to the rack tines, the constant magnetic flux of Vytwarzairy 'through the excitation winding * and passes tightly between the overlapping coils on each other. The surfaces of the teeth, the stator and the rotor, perpendicularly to these pebble lines, not counting the magnetic flux passing through the side surfaces of the teeth, is proportional to the surface of the teeth, covering the rotor with the two-point position of the rotor next to the teeth. the stator of the same polarity, covered by one coil and the excitation winding, and has an approximately unchanged value, regardless of the momentary position of the rotor teeth in relation to the stator teeth, and the variable magnetic flux, used to excite the EM in of the armature coil, including two stator teeth of different polarity, passing between the overlapping tooth surfaces of the stator and rotor perpendicular to these surfaces, also without taking into account the magnetic flux passing through the side surfaces of the teeth, is proportional to the difference between the surfaces of the two adjacent stator teeth of different polarity, covered by one turn of the armature winding, and the variability of this variable magnetic flux is approximately sinusoidal, and the full period of the sine wave of this flux corresponds to the shift the teeth of the rotor relative to the stator teeth by one full area of the rotor teeth.

3. A variant of the generator according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the pellet slots of the stator sheets intended for the placement of the turns of the excitation winding (4 - Figs. 8, 9, 11, 12, 13 and 14) are smaller than the grooves of the stator zn4c ^ iijfch to put in the other coils of the armature J & mV (5). i /! f zj

4. From ^ the generator. According to the reserved. and * -3, characterized by the fact that the number of grooves and teeth on the perimeter of the sheet / rack is equal to the multiple of the number 4, kzjrl 8 or 12 or 16, etc., with the same number being multiplied by the number turns of windings - excitation and armature.

5. Electric generator according to claims 1-4, with an increased number of rotor teeth in order to increase the frequency of the generator, characterized in that. has a reduced width of the teeth standing- "- nai \ and of the rotor and a widened stator groove * where the number of rotor teeth is increased by multiplying the basic number of rotor teeth (Z2) by the first odd numbers, * i.e. by 3 or by 5 or by 7 or by 9 or by any other odd number, and in the same ratio the width of the stator and rotor teeth and the widened stator gap 1 are reduced in such a way that the distance between the copper and the two outer lateral surfaces of the two adjacent rotor teeth at the number of teeth * of the rotor 322, the first and fourth of the four - rotor teeth. for the number of teeth of the 5Z2 thread, the first and sixth of the six teeth of the rotor for the number of rotor teeth 7Z2, etc., it is each time smaller than the stator gap gap and the rotor tooth pitch - Method of increasing the number the pairs of the generator poles are shown in Fig. 6. Fig. 6a shows the arrangement of the stator teeth and of the rotor of a four-pole generator, that is, at 2p * = 2. Below is shown in FIG. 6b the arrangement of the teeth of the generator with the number of poles increased three times, that is, at 2p = 6. The number of stator teeth of the generator according to Fig. 6b remains the same as in the generator according to Fig. 6a, i.e. four teeth, and the number of rotor teeth has been increased threefold, i.e. to 3Z2 = 2 • 3 =

6. At the same time, the cross-section of the teeth and the yoke of the stator and the rotor was reduced by about three times by reducing the width of the teeth and the yoke. By increasing the number of pairs of generator poles in the ratio 1: 3, the frequency of the generator also increased in this sacred ratio, in order to maintain the same voltage of the generator with an increased frequency as the original quadripolar generator had, it is necessary to reduce the generator flux three times, which results from the formula on the electromotive force of the generator E = 4.44 «wf • d • 10-8 (in which the winding factor was omitted). In order for E to remain unchanged while the number of turns w remains unchanged, it is also necessary that the frequency ratio of the stream is also equal, i.e. word f * 0 remained - unchanged. For a threefold increase in the frequency f, the flux Q must therefore be reduced three times. It must be assumed that the induction in both machines according to figva r: wedhi # fig. 9b will not change. Induction B at a specific magnetic flux 0 depends on the cross-section of the active steel S, which follows from the formula 0 = B. S. If, therefore, with constant induction B, flux 0 decreases three times, then the cross-section. S active steel must also be reduced in a ratio of 3: 1. This means that the teeth are narrowed in the same proportion. In Fig. 6b, the stator and rotor tines are shown which are approximately 3 times as tall as the teeth of the generator in Fig. 6a. Now, care must be taken that the condition a 8 is met. FIG. 6c shows the arrangement of the teeth of the generator as shown in FIG. Flb, but with an electric shift of the rotor by 90 °. It can be seen from this drawing that the condition 8 can be met by an appropriate choice of the width of the rotor and stator teeth. Increasing the frequency in the current of the described type by increasing the number of teeth of the rotor in relation to the substituted ratio Zi of the number of teeth in the stator and the rotor Z2 = while the number of teeth in the stator remains unchanged can only be done in such a way that the number of teeth of the rotor Z2 will be increased -three times, five times, seven times, etc. Z'2— = <3Z2 ... 5Z2 ... 7Z2 ..., i.e. by adding to the existing number of teeth of the rotor twice, four times, six times etc. the number of teeth of correspondingly reduced bone width. The ratio of the number of teeth of the rotor and the stator will then be for a threefold increase in the number of teeth of the rotor Z'2 = 3Z2 = Zif 2 with a fivefold increase in the number of teeth 5 * i "¦ '¦¦¦" • ¦ of the rotor Z'2 = 5Z2 = —Zt, etc. 2 ./,....¦ v ...- In reluctance generators with inverted magnetic flux ^ traz with continuous grooving and grooves of the same size, the current density in grooves intended * for the excitation winding above a specified power becomes very the small or the small section remains filled. In such a case, the use of machine space is uneconomical. This should be taken into account when designing the generator and providing for the excitation windings of appropriately smaller dimensions, enlarging them at their expense, for the armature winding. Alternators with grooves of unequal size for the excitation and armature windings are shown in Figs. 8, 9, 11, 12, 13 and 14. The stator package sheets of the four-pass generator can have various shapes. Figures 7 to 14 show different sheet shapes for four-pole generator sheets. Fig. 7 shows a four-pole generator with the same recesses for the excitation windings and the armature with round-shaped sheets. Fig. 8 shows the same generator, but with reduced grooves for the excitation winding. Figs. 9, 10 and 11 show the same generator in a square shape, and in Fig. 12, a rectangular shape, while; ij ^ tfig. 13 and Fig. 14 in the form of 'Szesciok'atai ^ ml-okaftai | sheet shape work ^^: wediu ^ -fig, ^ # o fig ?: 1 && ^ even according to fig. 13 and ^ ig. 14 uiftoziiwia-skladahte pointedowanie) of the cores of single square sheets, thanks to the red, it can be used in these to patent no. 46359 Ark. 1 \ * tmu / fnifmufj l— ~ 8 *. 7. Y Fig. 4 ° t, i f- h * r ^ ^ 'Vf \ W \ W \ ij /' / * 1 * 1 lillr I ki 7 4 ^ *. S / * \ cjLj rfN / * \ / M \ / j \ / f \ r "\\ cifu ci. M — n fn — nn rh ~ —i mm t — n ni — r K UA lka tZ2 with the number of rotor teeth increased 1 to 3Z2 is equal to - tooth pitch hundred - 3 janaxrl, with the number of rotor teeth increased to 2 increased to 5Zf, it is equal to - the 5th stator tooth scale tz1, with the number of rotor teeth 2 increased to 7Zf, it is equal to - the scale

7. tooth stator% t, etc. 0. Alternator according to claim 1 to 3, characterized by the fact that it has the shape of the stator plates, square (Figs. 9, 10 and 11), or rectangular (Fig. 12) or hexagonal (Fig. 13), or also octagonal (Fig. 14), and the core is composed of individual straight sections of magnetic sheets, whereby sheets with a preferential direction of magnetic flux conduction and low loss loss are used, for example cold-rolled anisotropic sheets. Electrotechnical Institute r * f2 f fig 3Do patent description No. 46359 Ark. 2 q _l_ 5 4 / rJ, Jki_ • -A '+ z' '' ¦'¦ '• i - /' i "M ''" * '' ¦ '' "'!? In * rr n Tn nn • , _Jl ^ JQil_JL_n_JL ^ * L ^ gJLUL * -1J WP— ^ - 1 i lin ¦ l. »- n ... i) //?. $$$ / 7y 10 1 <^. S-;; 1 / | B i / rAAAX / oooc ****** //¦?./* / i / JW LIBLIOTEKA. 'Office Pat «ntow« go | h \ m \ Bzecz ^ isyilitcj UkW PWH one-off pattern PL / R « Order frequency 1467

8.IX.62 100 copies of Al letters. ki. III PL