PL4317507T3 - Blacha cienka z niezorientowanej stali elektrotechnicznej - Google Patents

Blacha cienka z niezorientowanej stali elektrotechnicznej

Info

Publication number
PL4317507T3
PL4317507T3 PL22781226.0T PL22781226T PL4317507T3 PL 4317507 T3 PL4317507 T3 PL 4317507T3 PL 22781226 T PL22781226 T PL 22781226T PL 4317507 T3 PL4317507 T3 PL 4317507T3
Authority
PL
Poland
Prior art keywords
steel sheet
electrical steel
oriented electrical
oriented
sheet
Prior art date
Application number
PL22781226.0T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Minako Fukuchi
Yoshiaki Natori
Tesshu Murakawa
Original Assignee
Nippon Steel Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nippon Steel Corporation filed Critical Nippon Steel Corporation
Publication of PL4317507T3 publication Critical patent/PL4317507T3/pl

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/004—Very low carbon steels, i.e. having a carbon content of less than 0,01%
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/008—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/10—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing cobalt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/14766—Fe-Si based alloys
    • H01F1/14775—Fe-Si based alloys in the form of sheets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/16—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of sheets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2201/00—Treatment for obtaining particular effects
    • C21D2201/05—Grain orientation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
    • C21D8/1216—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties characterised by the working steps
    • C21D8/1233—Cold rolling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
    • C21D8/1216—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties characterised by the working steps
    • C21D8/1238—Flattening; Dressing; Flexing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
    • C21D8/1244—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties characterised by the heat treatment
    • C21D8/1261—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties characterised by the heat treatment following hot rolling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
    • C21D8/1244—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties characterised by the heat treatment
    • C21D8/1272—Final recrystallisation annealing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Steel Electrode Plates (AREA)
  • Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
PL22781226.0T 2021-04-02 2022-03-31 Blacha cienka z niezorientowanej stali elektrotechnicznej PL4317507T3 (pl)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2021063652 2021-04-02
PCT/JP2022/016490 WO2022211016A1 (ja) 2021-04-02 2022-03-31 無方向性電磁鋼板

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
PL4317507T3 true PL4317507T3 (pl) 2026-05-04

Family

ID=83456601

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PL22781226.0T PL4317507T3 (pl) 2021-04-02 2022-03-31 Blacha cienka z niezorientowanej stali elektrotechnicznej

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US12024762B2 (pl)
EP (1) EP4317507B1 (pl)
JP (1) JP7164069B1 (pl)
KR (1) KR102669809B1 (pl)
CN (1) CN117062929B (pl)
BR (1) BR112023019179A2 (pl)
PL (1) PL4317507T3 (pl)
TW (1) TWI869665B (pl)
WO (1) WO2022211016A1 (pl)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021095849A1 (ja) * 2019-11-15 2021-05-20 日本製鉄株式会社 ロータコア、ロータ、および回転電機
KR20240075044A (ko) * 2022-11-18 2024-05-29 주식회사 포스코 무방향성 전기강판 및 그 제조방법
WO2025104477A1 (en) * 2023-11-15 2025-05-22 Arcelormittal A double cold rolled non-oriented electrical steel and a method of manufacturing non-oriented electrical steel thereof
WO2026068962A1 (en) * 2024-09-30 2026-04-02 The University Of Warwick Non-grain oriented electrical steel alloys

Family Cites Families (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5256916U (pl) 1975-10-22 1977-04-25
JP4218077B2 (ja) 1998-02-26 2009-02-04 住友金属工業株式会社 無方向性電磁鋼板およびその製造方法
WO2005100627A1 (ja) * 2004-04-16 2005-10-27 Nippon Steel Corporation 打抜き加工性と歪取焼鈍後の磁気特性に優れた無方向性電磁鋼板とその製造方法
JP4724431B2 (ja) * 2005-02-08 2011-07-13 新日本製鐵株式会社 無方向性電磁鋼板
JP5256916B2 (ja) 2008-01-30 2013-08-07 新日鐵住金株式会社 磁束密度の高い無方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法
JP5375559B2 (ja) 2009-11-27 2013-12-25 新日鐵住金株式会社 無方向性電磁鋼板の剪断方法及びその方法を用いて製造した電磁部品
JP5402694B2 (ja) * 2010-02-08 2014-01-29 新日鐵住金株式会社 圧延方向の磁気特性に優れた無方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法
JP5273235B2 (ja) * 2011-11-29 2013-08-28 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 無方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法
JP6794630B2 (ja) 2016-02-17 2020-12-02 日本製鉄株式会社 電磁鋼板、及びその製造方法
JP6855684B2 (ja) 2016-04-18 2021-04-07 日本製鉄株式会社 電磁鋼板、及びその製造方法
TWI693289B (zh) * 2017-06-07 2020-05-11 日商日本製鐵股份有限公司 無方向性電磁鋼板
TWI643962B (zh) * 2017-06-07 2018-12-11 日商新日鐵住金股份有限公司 Non-directional electromagnetic steel sheet
JP6891682B2 (ja) * 2017-07-13 2021-06-18 日本製鉄株式会社 電磁鋼板及びその製造方法、ロータ用モータコア及びその製造方法、ステータ用モータコア及びその製造方法、並びに、モータコアの製造方法
JP7010358B2 (ja) * 2018-02-16 2022-01-26 日本製鉄株式会社 無方向性電磁鋼板、及び無方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法
JP6992652B2 (ja) 2018-03-30 2022-01-13 日本製鉄株式会社 電磁鋼板、及び、電磁鋼板の製造方法
JP7172100B2 (ja) 2018-04-02 2022-11-16 日本製鉄株式会社 無方向性電磁鋼板
EP3875612A4 (en) 2018-11-02 2022-07-06 Nippon Steel Corporation NON-ORIENTED ELECTROMAGNETIC STEEL
JP7328491B2 (ja) * 2018-11-09 2023-08-17 日本製鉄株式会社 無方向性電磁鋼板
CA3127170C (en) * 2019-01-24 2023-08-08 Jfe Steel Corporation Non-oriented electrical steel sheet and method for producing same
JP7352082B2 (ja) * 2019-11-15 2023-09-28 日本製鉄株式会社 無方向性電磁鋼板
US20230106818A1 (en) 2020-04-10 2023-04-06 Nippon Steel Corporation Non-oriented electrical steel sheet, core, cold-rolled steel sheet, method for manufacturing non-oriented electrical steel sheet, and method for manufacturing cold-rolled steel sheet
JP7017182B2 (ja) 2021-01-22 2022-02-08 株式会社富士通ゼネラル 空気調和装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20230138047A (ko) 2023-10-05
JP7164069B1 (ja) 2022-11-01
CN117062929A (zh) 2023-11-14
EP4317507B1 (en) 2026-02-11
WO2022211016A1 (ja) 2022-10-06
BR112023019179A2 (pt) 2023-10-17
US20240035130A1 (en) 2024-02-01
JPWO2022211016A1 (pl) 2022-10-06
US12024762B2 (en) 2024-07-02
TWI869665B (zh) 2025-01-11
KR102669809B1 (ko) 2024-05-29
EP4317507A4 (en) 2024-09-18
EP4317507A1 (en) 2024-02-07
TW202244285A (zh) 2022-11-16
CN117062929B (zh) 2024-09-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
PL3875614T3 (pl) Blacha cienka z niezorientowanej stali elektrotechnicznej
PL3770294T3 (pl) Blacha cienka z niezorientowanej stali elektrotechnicznej
PL3656885T3 (pl) Blacha cienka z niezorientowanej stali elektrotechnicznej
EP4079896A4 (en) NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL SHEET, AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THEREOF
PL3754042T3 (pl) Blacha cienka z niezorientowanej stali elektrotechnicznej i sposób wytwarzania blachy cienkiej z niezorientowanej stali elektrotechnicznej
PL3569726T3 (pl) Blacha cienka z niezorientowanej stali elektrotechnicznej i sposób wytwarzania blachy cienkiej z niezorientowanej stali elektrotechnicznej
PL3438293T3 (pl) Blacha cienka ze stali elektrotechnicznej o ziarnach zorientowanych
EP4276210A4 (en) NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL SHEET
PL3569728T3 (pl) Blacha cienka z niezorientowanej stali elektrotechnicznej
PL3770281T3 (pl) Elektrotechniczna blacha stalowa o zorientowanym ziarnie i sposób produkcji elektrotechnicznej blachy stalowej o zorientowanym ziarnie
PL3783126T3 (pl) Blacha cienka z niezorientowanej stali elektrotechnicznej
PL4060060T3 (pl) Blacha cienka z niezorientowanej stali elektrotechnicznej
EP3940104A4 (en) NON-ORIENTED GRAIN ELECTRICAL STEEL SHEET AND METHOD FOR PRODUCTION THEREOF
PL3751014T3 (pl) Blacha cienka ze stali elektrotechnicznej o ziarnach zorientowanych
EP4317507A4 (en) NON-ORIENTED ELECTROMAGNETIC STEEL SHEET
EP3733916A4 (en) NON-ORIENTED ELECTRIC STEEL SHEET AND ITS PRODUCTION PROCESS
PL3653758T3 (pl) Blacha cienka ze stali elektrotechnicznej o ziarnach zorientowanych
PL3913109T3 (pl) Blacha cienka ze stali elektrotechnicznej o ziarnach zorientowanych i sposób jej wytwarzania
PL3913076T3 (pl) Blacha cienka ze stali elektrotechnicznej o ziarnach zorientowanych i sposób jej wytwarzania
PL3770290T3 (pl) Blacha cienka ze stali elektrotechnicznej o ziarnach zorientowanych i sposób wytwarzania blachy cienkiej ze stali elektrotechnicznej o ziarnach zorientowanych
PL3633056T3 (pl) Nieorientowana elektrotechniczna blacha stalowa
PL3633055T3 (pl) Nieorientowana elektrotechniczna blacha stalowa
EP3875612A4 (en) NON-ORIENTED ELECTROMAGNETIC STEEL
PL3770283T3 (pl) Sposób wytwarzania blachy cienkiej ze stali elektrotechnicznej o ziarnach zorientowanych i blacha cienka ze stali elektrotechnicznej o ziarnach zorientowanych
PL3770282T3 (pl) Sposób wytwarzania blachy ze stali elektrotechnicznej o ziarnach zorientowanych i blacha ze stali elektrotechnicznej o ziarnach zorientowanych