PL29262B1 - Method of thermal treatment of carbon and hydrocarbons. - Google Patents
Method of thermal treatment of carbon and hydrocarbons. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- PL29262B1 PL29262B1 PL29262A PL2926236A PL29262B1 PL 29262 B1 PL29262 B1 PL 29262B1 PL 29262 A PL29262 A PL 29262A PL 2926236 A PL2926236 A PL 2926236A PL 29262 B1 PL29262 B1 PL 29262B1
- Authority
- PL
- Poland
- Prior art keywords
- carbon
- hydrocarbons
- thermal treatment
- nickel
- silicon
- Prior art date
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 13
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims description 8
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000669 Chrome steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004992 fission Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
Description
Caq<^ , *fi 9 Przy cieplnym traktowaniu wegla i weglowodorów, zwlaszcza przy rozszcze¬ pianiu weglowodorów i reakcjach polime- ryzacyjnych w wysokich temperaturach, w naczyniu reakcyjnym i w polaczeniach rurowych nastepuje czesto osadzanie sie wegla. Niedogodnosci tej mozna czescio¬ wo uniknac stosujac naczynia reakcyjne i przewody rurowe, wytworzone ze stali o wysokiej zawartosci chromu. Jednakze w wyzszej temperaturze równiez i w takich aparaturach czesto osadza sie wegiel.Proponowano juz przeprowadzac wy¬ zej wymienione reakcje w aparaturach ze stali o skladzie: 15 — 40% chromu, 2 — 15% niklu, 0,7 — 3% krzemu, 0,7 — 3% manganu i nie wiecej niz 1% wegla.Stwierdzono, ze przy cieplnym trakto¬ waniu wegla lub weglowodorów osiaga sie w prosty sposób doskonale zabezpieczenie od osadzania sie wegla, o ile wykona sie aparaty calkowicie lub czesciowo ze stali chromowej, zawierajacej 0,4 — 3% krze¬ mu oraz mniej niz 0,2% niklu.Aparaty wyrabiane z opisanej stali nadaja sie do rozmaitych cieplnych reak¬ cji z weglem albo weglowodorami, np. do suchej destylacji stalych paliw, do roz¬ szczepiania i jedno- lub kilkustopniowej polimeryzacji weglowodorów w fazie ciek¬ lej, a zwlaszcza gazowej, pod zwyklym, zwiekszonym lub zmniejszonym cisnieniem w obecnosci lub nieobecnosci katalizato¬ rów, ewentualnie w obecnosci gazów, ja-kich czesto dodaje sie podczas wspomnia¬ nych reakcji,np. wodoru, tlenu lub azotu.Wyzej opisane stopy stali chromowej ma¬ ja zastosowanie do wyrobu aparatów, pra¬ cujacych w wysokich temperaturach, np. w temperaturach 500 — 800°C lub jesz¬ cze wyzszych, gdyz w tak wysokich zwla¬ szcza temperaturach latwo nastepuje wy¬ dzielanie sie wegla. Aparaty ze stali chro¬ mowej, zawierajacej mniej niz l°/o krze¬ mu oraz mniej niz 0,2% niklu, nadaja sie zwlaszcza do rozszczepiania homologów metanu lub mieszanin zawierajacych je w stanie gazowym lub w postaci par.Ksztalt naczyn reakcyjnych moze byc dowolny. Równiez ciala wypelniajace, któ¬ re ewentualnie maja zastosowanie w na¬ czyniach reakcyjnych w przypadku ciepl¬ nego traktowania wegla lub weglowodo¬ rów, moga sie skladac z opisanej stali.Przyklad. Przez rure o dlugosci oko¬ lo 5,5 m i o srednicy w swietle okolo 20 mm, ze stali chromowej, która zawiera o- bok zelaza okolo 31% chromu, 0,6% krze¬ mu i mniej niz 0,2% niklu, zostaje prze¬ puszczony gaz, zawierajacy 90% butanu, w ilosci okolo 1000 1 na godzine. Rura jest ogrzewana bezposrednio plomieniem ga¬ zowym, przy czym temperatura w srodko¬ wej czesci rury wynosi okolo 825°C, w górnym koncu — 800°C, w dolnym — 740°C. Gaz koncowy, którego objetosc jest podwójna w stosunku do objetosci wpro¬ wadzanego gazu, posiada sklad nastepu¬ jacy: okolo 25% wyzszych olefinów, „ 13% etylenu, „ 10% wodoru, „ 15% homologów metanu i „ 37% metanu.Otrzymuje sie przy tym na 1 m3 wpro¬ wadzonego butanu okolo 150 g nisko wrza¬ cego produktu, którego blisko 70% wrze w temperaturze 200°C. Osadu z wegla po wielodniowym uzyciu rury równiez nie zauwazono. Jesli natomiast uzyje sie do przeprowadzenia takiej samej reakcji a- paratu wykonanego ze zwyklej handlowej stali chromowej, zawierajacej 20% chro¬ mu, 0,4% krzemu oraz 0,49% niklu, wów¬ czas juz po 6-ciu godzinach pracy za¬ uwaza sie w rurach reakcyjnych osad we¬ glowy. PLTotal 9 In the thermal treatment of carbon and hydrocarbons, especially in hydrocarbon splitting and polymerization reactions at high temperatures, carbon is often deposited in the reaction vessel and in the pipe connections. This disadvantage can be avoided in some cases by the use of reaction vessels and pipes made of steel with a high chromium content. However, at higher temperatures, also in such devices, carbon often deposits. It has already been proposed to carry out the above-mentioned reactions in devices made of steel containing: 15 - 40% chromium, 2 - 15% nickel, 0.7 - 3% silicon, 0, 7 - 3% of manganese and no more than 1% of carbon. It has been found that in the thermal treatment of carbon or hydrocarbons, excellent protection against carbon deposition is easily achieved, provided that the apparatus is made entirely or partially of chromium steel containing 0 , 4 - 3% silicon and less than 0.2% nickel. Apparatuses made from the described steel are suitable for a variety of thermal reactions with carbon or hydrocarbons, for example for dry distillation of solid fuels, for splitting and single or multistage polymerization of hydrocarbons in the liquid phase, in particular in the gas phase, under normal, increased or reduced pressure in the presence or absence of catalysts, possibly in the presence of gases, which are often added during the reactions mentioned, e.g. hydrogen, oxygen or nitrogen. The above-described alloys of chromium steel are used in the manufacture of apparatuses operating at high temperatures, for example at temperatures of 500-800 ° C or even higher, because at such high temperatures it is easy to carbon is released. Apparatus made of chromium steel, containing less than 1% silicon and less than 0.2% nickel, are particularly suitable for splitting methane homologues or mixtures containing them in the gaseous or vapor state. The shape of the reaction vessels can be any. Also, the fillers which may be used in the reaction vessels for the thermal treatment of carbon or hydrocarbons may consist of the steel described. A chrome steel tube with a length of about 5.5 m and a diameter of about 20 mm, which contains an iron side of about 31% chromium, 0.6% silicon and less than 0.2% nickel, is gas passed, containing 90% butane, in an amount of about 1000 liters per hour. The pipe is heated directly by a gas flame, the temperature in the middle of the pipe being about 825 ° C, in the upper end - 800 ° C, and in the lower - 740 ° C. The end gas, which has twice the volume of gas introduced, has the following composition: about 25% higher olefins, 13% ethylene, 10% hydrogen, 15% methane homologues and 37% methane. about 150 g of low-boiling product per 1 m3 of butane introduced, nearly 70% of which boils at 200 ° C. Carbon sludge after using the pipe for several days was also not noticed. If, on the other hand, to carry out the same reaction, an apparatus made of the usual commercial chrome steel containing 20% chromium, 0.4% silicon and 0.49% nickel is used, then after 6 hours of operation carbon deposit in the reaction tubes is considered. PL
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Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| PL29262B1 true PL29262B1 (en) | 1940-09-30 |
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