PL2598693T3 - Struktura zabezpieczająca zawierająca kompozycje fosforyzujące i fluorescencyjne - Google Patents

Struktura zabezpieczająca zawierająca kompozycje fosforyzujące i fluorescencyjne

Info

Publication number
PL2598693T3
PL2598693T3 PL11749537T PL11749537T PL2598693T3 PL 2598693 T3 PL2598693 T3 PL 2598693T3 PL 11749537 T PL11749537 T PL 11749537T PL 11749537 T PL11749537 T PL 11749537T PL 2598693 T3 PL2598693 T3 PL 2598693T3
Authority
PL
Poland
Prior art keywords
structure including
security structure
fluorescent compositions
including phosphorescent
phosphorescent
Prior art date
Application number
PL11749537T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Henri Rosset
Original Assignee
Oberthur Fiduciaire Sas
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Oberthur Fiduciaire Sas filed Critical Oberthur Fiduciaire Sas
Publication of PL2598693T3 publication Critical patent/PL2598693T3/pl

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
    • D21H21/40—Agents facilitating proof of genuineness or preventing fraudulent alteration, e.g. for security paper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B42D25/378—Special inks
    • B42D25/387—Special inks absorbing or reflecting ultraviolet light
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
    • D21H21/40—Agents facilitating proof of genuineness or preventing fraudulent alteration, e.g. for security paper
    • D21H21/42—Ribbons or strips
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
    • D21H21/40—Agents facilitating proof of genuineness or preventing fraudulent alteration, e.g. for security paper
    • D21H21/44—Latent security elements, i.e. detectable or becoming apparent only by use of special verification or tampering devices or methods
    • D21H21/48—Elements suited for physical verification, e.g. by irradiation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/06—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using wave or particle radiation
    • G07D7/12—Visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/06—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using wave or particle radiation
    • G07D7/12—Visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation
    • G07D7/1205—Testing spectral properties
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24273—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including aperture
    • Y10T428/24322—Composite web or sheet
    • Y10T428/24331—Composite web or sheet including nonapertured component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24851—Intermediate layer is discontinuous or differential
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/2935—Discontinuous or tubular or cellular core

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
  • Finance (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
  • Printing Methods (AREA)
  • Illuminated Signs And Luminous Advertising (AREA)
  • Luminescent Compositions (AREA)
PL11749537T 2010-07-29 2011-07-26 Struktura zabezpieczająca zawierająca kompozycje fosforyzujące i fluorescencyjne PL2598693T3 (pl)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1056284A FR2963356B1 (fr) 2010-07-29 2010-07-29 Structure de securite incorporant des compositions phosphorescente et fluorescente
PCT/IB2011/053323 WO2012014151A1 (fr) 2010-07-29 2011-07-26 Structure de sécurité incorporant des compositions phosphorescente et fluorescente
EP11749537.4A EP2598693B1 (fr) 2010-07-29 2011-07-26 Structure de sécurité incorporant des compositions phosphorescente et fluorescente

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
PL2598693T3 true PL2598693T3 (pl) 2021-03-08

Family

ID=43033064

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PL11749537T PL2598693T3 (pl) 2010-07-29 2011-07-26 Struktura zabezpieczająca zawierająca kompozycje fosforyzujące i fluorescencyjne

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US10011141B2 (pl)
EP (1) EP2598693B1 (pl)
KR (2) KR102059764B1 (pl)
CN (1) CN103038418B (pl)
BR (1) BR112013002005B1 (pl)
ES (1) ES2835182T3 (pl)
FR (1) FR2963356B1 (pl)
HU (1) HUE052330T2 (pl)
PL (1) PL2598693T3 (pl)
RS (1) RS61167B1 (pl)
RU (1) RU2578316C2 (pl)
WO (1) WO2012014151A1 (pl)

Families Citing this family (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8872818B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2014-10-28 State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company Methods and systems for capturing the condition of a physical structure
US11542080B2 (en) * 2013-05-07 2023-01-03 BBB Holding Company Track and trace packaging and systems
FR3014017B1 (fr) * 2013-12-03 2018-12-07 Hid Global Cid Sas Structure de securite
FR3020596B1 (fr) * 2014-05-02 2017-03-10 Oberthur Fiduciaire Sas Document de securite impregne d'un agent desopacifiant et procede de traitement d'un document
FR3020595B1 (fr) * 2014-05-02 2016-05-06 Oberthur Fiduciaire Sas Bandeau de securite et document de securite qui l'integre
WO2016005736A1 (en) 2014-07-07 2016-01-14 D. W. Spinks (Embossing) Limited Improvements in and relating to security documents
CN104988798B (zh) * 2015-07-24 2017-06-06 中国人民银行印制科学技术研究所 一种防伪纤维及其制备方法
JP2017053663A (ja) 2015-09-08 2017-03-16 株式会社東芝 画像読取装置、及び紙葉類処理装置
EP3390065B1 (en) * 2015-12-17 2021-06-16 Sicpa Holding Sa Security element formed from at least two inks applied in overlapping patterns, articles carrying the security element, and authentication methods
MY188580A (en) * 2015-12-17 2021-12-22 Sicpa Holding Sa Security element formed from at least two materials present in partially or fully overlapping areas, articles carrying the security element, and authentication methods
GB2547045A (en) * 2016-02-08 2017-08-09 De La Rue Int Ltd Improvements in security devices
JP6658166B2 (ja) * 2016-03-18 2020-03-04 コニカミノルタ株式会社 読取装置、読取方法、および読取プログラム
CN106240190B (zh) * 2016-07-18 2018-12-21 中国人民银行印制科学技术研究所 防伪元件及其制作方法、安全物品、物品检测方法和装置
JP7297662B2 (ja) * 2016-09-23 2023-06-26 クラウン パッケイジング テクノロジー インコーポレイテッド 缶インプリント装置及び関連した方法
CN106996057A (zh) * 2017-04-24 2017-08-01 上海先幻新材料科技有限公司 一种防伪纸张添加物及其制备方法
KR102355877B1 (ko) 2017-12-27 2022-01-26 한국조폐공사 보안잉크가 인쇄된 보안 인쇄물
DE102018129365A1 (de) * 2018-11-21 2020-05-28 Bundesdruckerei Gmbh Codierungssystem zum Ausbilden eines Sicherheitsmerkmals in oder an einem Sicherheits- oder Wertdokument oder einer Mehrzahl von Sicherheits- oder Wertdokumenten
KR102446998B1 (ko) * 2020-10-05 2022-09-26 한국과학기술원 그래핀 양자점 기반의 보안 인쇄용 잉크 조성물 및 이를 이용한 보안 표지
GB202017778D0 (en) * 2020-11-11 2020-12-23 Security Fibres Uk Ltd Authentication of security documents
KR20230076650A (ko) 2021-11-24 2023-05-31 한국조폐공사 보안 잉크가 인쇄된 보안문서의 위변조 판별 시스템
DE102022000101A1 (de) 2022-01-12 2023-07-13 Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh Optisch variables Sicherheitselement

Family Cites Families (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3779918D1 (de) * 1987-08-19 1992-07-23 Gao Ges Automation Org Sicherheitspapier.
DE4126051C2 (de) * 1991-08-06 2002-06-13 Gao Ges Automation Org Sicherheitsdokument mit eingebettetem Sicherheitselement, Sicherheitselement und Verfahren zur deren Herstellung
DE19611383A1 (de) * 1996-03-22 1997-09-25 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Datenträger mit optisch variablem Element
WO1998040223A1 (en) * 1997-03-11 1998-09-17 Polaroid Corporation Substrate with non-visible indicium
DE19860093B4 (de) * 1998-12-23 2008-10-09 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Echtheitsmerkmalskombination für Wertdokumente
US7122248B2 (en) * 2001-02-21 2006-10-17 Honeywell International Inc. Security articles
GB2375078A (en) * 2001-04-30 2002-11-06 Rue De Int Ltd Security substrate with indicia only viewable in transmitted light
FR2866036B1 (fr) 2004-02-11 2007-06-15 Arjo Wiggins Secutity Sas Elements de securite de format relativement petit et leur procede de fabrication, feuille et document de securite les comportant
US7674532B2 (en) * 2004-07-19 2010-03-09 Honeywell International Inc Security taggants in adhesive plastic film laminate for pharmaceutical packaging
FR2877609B1 (fr) * 2004-11-08 2007-03-09 Arjowiggins Security Soc Par A Structure de securite et article incorporant une telle structure
DE102005007749A1 (de) * 2005-02-18 2006-08-31 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Sicherheitselement und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
US7654581B2 (en) * 2005-05-06 2010-02-02 Canadian Bank Note Company, Limited Security document with ultraviolet authentication security feature
GB2430647B (en) * 2005-09-29 2008-09-17 Rue De Int Ltd Security device for security substrates
FR2901286B1 (fr) 2006-05-19 2011-08-19 Arjowiggins Procede de fabrication d'un materiau en feuille comprenant au moins une couche fibreuse et des elements de securite et/ou decoratifs
GB2452078B (en) * 2007-08-23 2009-12-23 Rue De Int Ltd Security devices for security substrates
US20100194093A1 (en) * 2009-12-23 2010-08-05 Bank Of Canada Security devices, their production and use

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20130147181A1 (en) 2013-06-13
CN103038418B (zh) 2016-08-03
KR20180093135A (ko) 2018-08-20
WO2012014151A1 (fr) 2012-02-02
EP2598693B1 (fr) 2020-09-30
CN103038418A (zh) 2013-04-10
BR112013002005A2 (pt) 2016-05-31
RU2578316C2 (ru) 2016-03-27
RS61167B1 (sr) 2021-01-29
KR20130132390A (ko) 2013-12-04
BR112013002005B1 (pt) 2020-12-15
ES2835182T3 (es) 2021-06-22
FR2963356A1 (fr) 2012-02-03
KR101889526B1 (ko) 2018-08-17
HUE052330T2 (hu) 2021-04-28
FR2963356B1 (fr) 2014-08-22
EP2598693A1 (fr) 2013-06-05
KR102059764B1 (ko) 2019-12-26
RU2013107741A (ru) 2014-09-10
US10011141B2 (en) 2018-07-03

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
RS61167B1 (sr) Sigurnosna konstrukcija koja obuhvata fosforescentna i fluorescentna jedinjenja
HK1206004A1 (en) Ingenol-3-acylates iii and ingenol-3-carbamates -3- iii -3-
SG10201500369PA (en) Pre-fuel transportation methods and compositions
HK1198153A1 (zh) 安全元件
ZA201209259B (en) Uses and compositions
EP2499515A4 (en) DOPED LUMINESCENT MATERIALS AND PARTICULAR DIVISION WITH YOUR HELP
EP2622090A4 (en) METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR INHIBITING VIRUS INTAKE IN CELLS
GB201006096D0 (en) Novel compositions and uses thereof
EP2629742A4 (en) HAIR CARE COMPOSITIONS AND RELATED METHODS
EP2471799A4 (en) RARE EARTH COMPLEX AND ITS USES
HK1178196A1 (en) Light-storing phosphor and light-storing pigment
EP2530758A4 (en) ILLUMINATED COMPOSITION AND LIGHT-EMITTING ELEMENT HAVING SAID COMPOSITION
EP2553049A4 (en) PHOSPHORUS AND LEDS THEREOF
EP2608785A4 (en) LIPOMA CYCLES AND ITS USES
GB2479782B (en) High security fence
HK1201451A1 (en) Compositions and methods
GB201018650D0 (en) Methods and compositions
EP2581435A4 (en) OXID STANNATE LUMINESCENCE MATERIALS AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF
EP2529013A4 (en) NOVEL BETA GLUCOSIDASE AND USES THEREOF
EP2604671A4 (en) SILICATE LUMINESCENT MATERIALS AND METHODS FOR PREPARING SAME
EP2565252A4 (en) FLUORESCENT ALUMINATE MATERIALS UDN MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREFOR
EP2653518A4 (en) HALOGENATED SILICATE FLUORESCENT MATERIALS AND PROCESSES FOR PREPARING THE SAME
EP2653520A4 (en) FLUORESCENT HALOBORATE MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREFOR
EP2594621A4 (en) OXIDE-BASED LUMINESCENT MATERIALS AND PREPARATION METHODS THEREOF
EP2607447A4 (en) BORATE-BASED LUMINESCENT MATERIALS, PREPARATION METHODS AND USES THEREOF