PL246359B1 - A method of ensuring the transmission of electrical energy and a support gate for using this method - Google Patents

Abstract

The method of ensuring the transmission of electrical energy between a renovated overhead line pole and a transformer gate using distribution devices and new wires is characterized in that it consists in setting a temporary support gate (1) for suspending existing wires (4), connected by means of connectors (5) to new wires (6), preferably attached to a crosspiece in such a way that the wires conducting electric current from the pole (9) to the transformer gate (7) are placed within the renovation works at a height X greater than the previous height Y of suspending the wires on the renovated/reconstructed section of the overhead switchboard, preferably high voltage, wherein the connection between the span formed between the transformer gate (7) and the support gate (1) and the support gate (1) and the overhead line pole (9) is made by means of distribution devices (10').

Description

Description of the invention

The subject of the invention is a method of ensuring the transmission of electrical energy during the reconstruction of overhead switchboards, especially high-voltage ones, and a support gate for using this method, which does not require its permanent connection to the ground.

The Japanese patent description JP3254407B2 describes a method of carrying out work on the reconstruction of a steel tower, which allows for the reconstruction of a steel tower in a short time, reducing the cost and period of work on the reconstruction of a steel tower, and ensuring the distance between the place of work and the transmission zone, consisting in introducing additional lines that electrically connect the spans on both sides of the steel pole of the overhead transmission line laid along the line being renovated on the plot. In a preferred embodiment, the new connecting lines are supported on supporting poles on the route around the plot. In addition, the overhead transmission lines are connected to the support points of the steel tower cables by means of insulating secondary auxiliary wires of any length.

Also known from Japanese patent description JP5089717B2 is a method of rebuilding a steel overhead line tower using a bypass placed underground next to the steel tower during reconstruction, eliminating the need to use a temporary steel tower.

Also known from the description of Chinese patent application CN105986699A is a method of constructing a bypass for a transmission line requiring repair, recommending the construction of a separate temporary line by means of temporary towers enabling the transmission and transfer of energy during the renovation of the basic line, conducted in the bypass along the section requiring renovation.

Another known technique in the field of electrical engineering is a gate post consisting of two vertical poles, braced at the top with a simple horizontal crossbar. The use of known structures requires the assembly of plates for the vertical poles, the construction of foundations sunk in the ground or the construction of stays to stabilize the structure of the gate post, in particular stays made of steel ropes attached to additional independent foundations buried in the ground or retaining structures, e.g. concrete blocks. It is also known to use combinations of the methods of stabilizing the structure described above. The foundations used to secure the structure of gate posts can be made of suitably shaped concrete, reinforced concrete, steel, wooden or composite elements.

Gate posts are also used at power stations, which are characterized by the construction of shafts in a two-point support system (type "A" support). The fixing of gate posts constructed in this way also requires the use of independent foundations buried in the ground.

Repair, maintenance, assembly and construction works carried out in the area of electrical traffic on overhead switchboards, especially high voltage, require disconnecting some or all devices or apparatus from voltage in the area covered by the above-mentioned works. Due to the requirements set by electricity consumers regarding maximum power disconnection times and the limited possibilities of the station operator to implement bypass systems or launch alternative sources of electrical energy, a significant problem is the organization of the work area so as to ensure the minimum permissible disconnection time of the entire switchboard or its part from operation.

A well-known technical solution in the field of electrical engineering is a gate post consisting of two vertical poles (shafts), braced at the top with a simple horizontal crossbar (bolt). The use of known structures requires partial burial of the poles together with the installation of additional retaining plates (stays) or the construction of foundations sunk in the ground or the construction of stays to stabilize the structure of the gate post, in particular stays made of steel ropes attached to additional independent foundations buried in the ground or at the same time foundations of the poles and stabilizing stays. The foundations can be made of suitably shaped concrete, reinforced concrete, steel, wooden or composite elements.

The disadvantage of solutions known from the state of the art is primarily the need to carry out the work and use a significant amount of land adjacent to the area where the repaired overhead line is located. Alternative methods of constructing a line bypass (known, for example, from patent JP5089717B2) require the use of expensive structures for conducting cables in underground structures, which at the same time extends the time needed for reconstruction due to the time associated with both the assembly and disassembly of such bypasses.

Moreover, due to the conditions prevailing on facilities where areas for electrical traffic are designated, the construction of underground foundations is a significant problem and often requires disconnecting devices or equipment from voltage in order to ensure safe working conditions. The operation of building foundations for temporary poles known from the state of the art is also associated with an additional risk to the installed electrical devices and equipment.

Another known problem related to the reconstruction of overhead switchboards, especially high-voltage ones, is the insufficient space for setting up temporary support structures stabilized by anchor ropes.

The aim of the invention is to create conditions for maintaining the transmission of electrical energy while simultaneously creating safe electrical distances enabling the performance of work on high-voltage switchboards, regardless of whether this work is performed with the voltage connected or disconnected.

A further object of the invention is a method of ensuring the transmission of electrical energy during repair or maintenance or assembly or construction work carried out in the area of electrical traffic at overhead switchboards, especially high-voltage ones, consisting in setting up a universal support gate as a structure that does not require a permanent connection to the ground, the stability of which is ensured by the use of light ballast feet or heavy ballast feet or any combination thereof.

A further objective of the invention is to construct a gate post with optimised overall dimensions, including minimised land occupation for construction due to the exclusion of the need to use guy wires, so that using the individual elements constituting its structure it would be possible to build a support structure for overhead wires in the area of the power station without interfering with existing structures and apparatus and without posing a threat to them due to earthworks or the deployment of guy wires stabilising the gate post structures.

The essence of the method of ensuring the transmission of electricity between a pole located at the approach to the renovated overhead switchboard and the transformer (transformer gate) using distribution devices and new wires consists in setting a temporary support gate used to suspend existing wires extended using appropriate connectors and new wires together with their attachment to the temporary gate, preferably to its crosspiece in such a way that the wires conducting electricity are placed within the boundaries of renovation works at a height X greater than the previous height of suspension of wires Y on the renovated/reconstructed section of the overhead switchboard, preferably high voltage, whereby the connection between the span created between the transformer gate and the support gate and the support gate and the overhead line pole is made via distribution devices. It is advantageous when the support gate is placed directly between the line gate and the pole or between the distribution gate and the line gate or between the line gate and the transformer gate. It is also advantageous when the existing wires and new wires are connected to each other using connectors, and also when the method is used in power stations requiring the maintenance of a connection between two power lines connected to it, preferably high voltage, through the use of a segmented support gate, in which one of the segments is situated along the appropriate line, enabling the performance of a bypass between individual sections of overhead lines by connecting them using additional new wires, and also when the distribution devices connect the appropriate lines via a bridge, or a temporary lack of connection between both sides of the gate.

The essence of a support gate for supporting overhead wires consisting of posts and crosspieces is that it comprises at least two posts connected to at least one crosspiece, a nodal point and to a suitable base via a nodal point and furthermore on the crosspiece and each of the posts at its upper end it has nodal connections for connecting electrical wires. Preferably, the nodal points are hinged elements or welds, and the gate has additional elements stiffening the structure placed in the corners formed between the crosspieces and the posts and/or between the posts and the bases, furthermore when the elements stiffening the structure are tie rods made using flexible materials (ropes) and/or rigid materials (rods or structural profiles) and/or braces made of rigid structural profiles. It is also advantageous when the length of the columns, crosspieces and stiffening elements of the structure is unified, and also when the columns and/or stiffening elements of the structure constitute a spatial truss or a spatial module made of full or openwork shell elements or a combination of a flat or spatial truss and full or openwork shell elements made of metal, e.g. steel, or composite materials. It is also advantageous when the columns are made of one, two or more shafts, and those made of two or more shafts may additionally have crosspieces or internal (elements bracing the structure), and also when adjacent segments having a common column are connected at any angle, and the crosspieces in individual segments are placed at different heights.

The application of the solution according to the invention allowed the use of a universal support gate, which can be located in the distribution station directly above the distribution equipment or above the busbars or outside the so-called distribution field. Ensuring the transmission of energy consists in suspending existing wires previously attached to the linear gate or distribution gate or other support structure that serves to ensure the transmission of electricity to the support gate, preferably to its crossbar. By suspending wires we mean the transfer of existing wires without any interference or with their shortening or lengthening using wire inserts and special connectors. Suspending new wires in part or in whole is also in accordance with the invention.

The advantage of using the support gate according to the invention is the lack of necessity to make a permanent connection of it with the ground, understood as making underground foundations to which the shafts of the posts or underground structural elements attached to the shaft elements sunk in the ground would be directly or indirectly mounted. Additionally, the crossbars used can be mounted at any height of the gate from the lower nodal point to the top of the post inclusive. Multiple - segment gates can be constructed in a linear or angular arrangement of segments. A special geometric arrangement of segments is a rectangular arrangement, in which the mutual arrangement of two adjacent segments additionally stabilizes the structure. Important technological advantages of the solution according to the invention include free shaping of the structure, enabling adaptation to the conditions of location in the area of electrical traffic, including locating the support gate structure directly above existing or planned equipment and devices. The solution according to the invention is presented in the drawing Fig. 1-17, where Fig. 1 shows a diagram of the implementation of the method according to the invention, in which a support gate used to hang wires above the existing line was placed between the distribution gate and the line gate. Fig. 2 - shows a diagram of the implementation of the method according to the invention, in which the support gate was placed between the line gate and the overhead line pole. Fig. 3 - shows a diagram of the implementation of the method according to the invention, in which the support gate was placed between the line gate and the transformer gate. Fig. 4 - shows a diagram of the implementation of the method according to the invention in a top view, which shows the method of renovating a power station. Fig. 5 - shows a diagram of the implementation of the method according to the invention in a top view, which shows the method of renovating a power station with a double linear approach, using a segmented support gate to perform a bypass between sections/lines. Fig. 6 - shows a diagram of a single-segment support gate. Fig. 7 - a diagram of the same gate in a side view. Fig. 8 shows a diagram of a support gate. two-segment, Fig. 9 - diagram of the same two-segment gate in side view,

For the purposes of this invention, "new conductors" are defined as any type of conductors that were not part of the overhead line before the commencement of maintenance work, added, attached during and for the period of renovation work. On the other hand, "existing conductors" are defined as elements of the overhead line, which are elements that are part of the previous line, connected with elements used during the implementation of work, and which may remain in the target system after the renovation is completed.

In turn, "nodal points" are understood to mean separate structural elements or joints constructed as a component forming part of a base, column or crossbar.

Example 1

An example of implementing the method according to the invention consists in setting a temporary support gate 1 between the distribution gate 2 and the line gate 3 and suspending the existing wires 4 onto the support gate 1 with attachment to the crossbar of the gate, wherein due to the need to compensate for the difference in the lengths of the wires, the existing wires 4 were connected by means of known connectors 5 to new wires 6, wherein the wires conducting electric current between the pole 9 and the transformer gate 7 located within the boundaries of the renovation works carried out inside the station fence 8 were placed at a height X greater than the previous height Y of the rebuilt/reconstructed overhead line, wherein the difference in both of these heights was in all conditions not less than the minimum insulation distance specified in the requirements of the station operator (usually a minimum of 2.7 meters) in order to ensure a safe electrical distance between the wires through which the transmission of electric energy will take place and the devices which will be covered by the renovation, maintenance, assembly or construction works, or other elements of the building structure located in the field. The connection between the span formed between the transformer gate 7 and the support gate 1 and the support gate 1 and the overhead line pole 9 is made by means of known distribution devices 10', by means of which it is possible to make a connection between the two sides of the gate without using the known devices 10, either by means of a so-called bridge, or it is possible to temporarily disconnect the connection between the two sides of the gate.

Example 2

The example of implementing the method according to the second example is the same as in the first example, with the difference that the support gate 1 is placed directly between the linear gate 3 and the pole 9, at a distance sufficient to suspend the existing wires 4 directly to the support gate 1, which eliminates the need to use additional connectors 5 between the wires 4 and the point of connection of the wires to the gate 1.

Example 3

The example of implementing the method according to the third example is the same as in the first example, with the difference that the support gate 1 is placed directly between the line gate 3 and the transformer gate 7.

The above examples of implementation of the method of ensuring power transmission according to the invention find their application both in the reconstruction of overhead switchboards along a single line/section and in the reconstruction of switchboards in the approach zone of two overhead lines, wherein the use of a support gate in the form of a segment gate 1' in which one of the segments is situated along the appropriate line enables the performance of a bypass between individual sections of the switchboard or overhead lines by connecting them by means of successive new conductors 6'.

Example 4

The structure of the support gate 1 is formed by two posts 11, each of which is connected to the base 12 by a nodal point 13, which is a rigid element, preferably a welded joint. The posts 11 are connected by a crossbar 14 mounted in the upper part at the height of the suspension of the cables (4 or 6) by a nodal point 15, preferably made as a separate module. In addition, each of the posts 11 has known connectors for connecting the cables (4 or 6) at the nodal point 15 and additionally preferably at its upper end 16, used as elements attached to the universal structure of the support gate or as attachment points constituting a component of the subassembly.

Example 5

The supporting gate according to the second variant of its implementation had an identical structure to that described in the fourth example, with the difference that the nodal point 13 was an articulated element, preferably a ball-type one, while the crossbar 14 was connected to the posts 11 at their tops.

Example 6

The supporting gate according to the third variant of its implementation had an identical structure to the one described in the fourth example, with the difference that it had an additional crossbar 14' placed below the curb 14.

It is obvious that in other examples of realization of the support gate it may have any greater number of crossbars 14 or 14' placed at any height of the posts 11.

Example 7

The supporting gate according to the fourth variant of its implementation had an identical structure to the one described in the fourth example, with the difference that it had additional elements stiffening the structure 17, which were tie rods made using flexible materials (ropes) or rigid materials (rods or structural profiles) or struts made of rigid structural profiles, which were placed in the corners formed between the crossbars 14 and the posts 11. The method of making the elements stiffening the structure is known from the state of the art, the connection of the stiffening elements 17 with the shafts 11 and the crossbars 14 is carried out by means of known connections, preferably screw ones.

Example 8

The supporting gate according to the fifth variant of its implementation had an identical structure to that described in the seventh example, with the difference that additional elements stiffening the structure 17 were also placed between the posts 11 and the bases 12.

The length of the modular gate elements described in examples 1-8: posts, crossbars and stiffening elements of the structure can be unified so that they can be used to build each of these elements, or ununified and serve to produce a dedicated element for the selected element or elements. The construction of all these components can be made according to any known technology that allows obtaining the required mechanical strength parameters, for example as a spatial truss, or a spatial module made of full or openwork shell elements, and can also be any combination of a flat or spatial truss and full or openwork shell elements made of metal, e.g. steel, or composite materials.

In addition, the posts 11 of the gate 1 are constructed of one, two or more shafts. A post constructed of two or more shafts may additionally have crossbars or internal (not shown in the drawing) elements bracing the structure.

Example 9

The structure of the support gate 1' is formed by three posts 11, each of which is connected to the base 12 by means of a nodal point 13, creating two separate segments, where the central post 11 is a common element for both of these segments, each of which has in its structure a complete set of elements' described in any of the examples 3-8.

The individual segments of the supporting gate 1' can be connected via their common post 11 both linearly and at any angle, preferably at right angles, and the crossbars in the individual segments can be placed at different heights.

Claims (18)

1. A method of ensuring the transmission of electrical energy between a renovated overhead line pole and a transformer gate using distribution devices and new wires - characterized in that it consists in setting a temporary support gate (1 or 1') for suspending existing wires (4), connected by means of connectors (5) to new wires (6), preferably attached to a crosspiece (14 or 14') in such a way that the wires conducting electric current from the pole (9) to the transformer gate (7) are placed within the renovation works at a height X greater than the previous height Y of suspending the wires on the renovated/reconstructed section of the overhead switchboard, preferably high voltage, wherein the connection between the span formed between the transformer gate (7) and the support gate (1) and the support gate (1) and the overhead line pole (9) is made by means of distribution devices (10'). 2. A method of ensuring energy transfer according to claim 1, characterized in that the support gate (1) is placed directly between the linear gate (3) and the pole (9). 3. A method of ensuring energy transfer according to claim 1, characterized in that the support gate (1) is placed between the distribution gate (2) and the line gate (3). 4. A method of ensuring energy transfer according to claim 1, characterized in that the support gate (1) is placed between the line gate (3) and the transformer gate (7). 5. A method of ensuring energy transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that the existing conductors (4) and the new conductors (6) are connected to each other by means of connectors (5). 6. A method of ensuring energy transfer according to claim 1, characterized in that it is used in double lines by using a segmented support gate (1'), in which one of the segments is located along the appropriate line, enabling the performance of a bypass between individual sections of overhead lines by connecting them with additional new conductors (6'). 7. A method of ensuring energy transfer according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection between both sides of the gate I is realized by means of distribution devices (10'), or by means of a suitable bridge, or by a temporary lack of connection between both sides of the gate. 8. A support gate for supporting an overhead line, comprising poles and crosspieces, characterized in that it comprises at least two poles (11) connected to at least one crosspiece (14 or 14'), a nodal point (15), and to a corresponding base (12) via a nodal point (13), and furthermore each of the poles (11) has nodal connections (16) at its upper end for connecting electrical conductors (4 or 6). 9. A support gate according to claim 8, characterized in that the nodal points (13 or 15) are hinged elements or welds. 10. A support gate according to claim 8, characterized in that it has additional elements stiffening the structure (17) placed in the corners formed between the crossbars (14) and the posts (11) or between the posts (11) and the bases (12). 11. A support gate according to claim 10, characterized in that the elements stiffening the structure (17) are tie rods made using flexible materials (ropes) and/or rigid materials (rods or structural profiles) and/or braces made of rigid structural profiles. 12. A support gate according to claim 8, characterized in that the length of the posts (11), crossbars (14) and the stiffening elements of the structure (17) is unified, 13. A support gate according to claim 8, characterized in that the posts (11) and/or crossbars (14) and/or elements stiffening the structure (17) constitute a spatial truss or a spatial module made of solid or openwork shell elements. 14. A support gate according to claim 8, characterized in that the posts (11) and/or crossbars (14) and/or stiffening elements of the structure (17) constitute a combination of a flat or openwork truss made of metal, e.g. steel, or spatial materials and solid or composite shell elements. 15. A supporting gate according to claim 8, characterized in that the posts (11) of the gate (1) are composed of one, two or more shafts, 16. A support gate according to claim 15, characterized in that the post (11) constructed from two or more shafts additionally has crossbars or internal elements bracing the structure. 17. A support gate according to claim 8, characterized in that adjacent segments having a common post (11) are connected at any angle. 18. A support gate according to claim 8, characterized in that the crossbars (14) in the individual segments are placed at different heights.