PL239451B1 - Method for bioutilization of byproducts from the agri-food industry, method for breeding/rearing of insects of Coleoptera order, mixed feed, feed supplement and their applications - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method of biutilizing agro-food industry by-products and the use of a feed mix for bi-utilizing agro-food industry by-products by breeding Orthoptera insects.

STATE OF THE ART

Insects are more and more often seen as farm animals, constituting a valuable alternative as a source of protein for fodder and nutritional purposes.

For several years, the possibility of using proteins of insect origin has been indicated, including in livestock nutrition, although the scarcity of information regarding the reproducible and efficient production of such proteins, the appropriate insect species and their development stages is still considered problematic. (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2012 Assessing the potential of insects as food and feed in assuring food security. Summary report. Technical consultation meeting 23-25 January, FAO, Rome, Italy).

A theoretical analysis of the potential utility of various commercially available insects for use in feed production has also been published (Sanchez-Muros, M.-J., Barroso, FG, ManzanoAgugliaro (2014) Insect meal as renewable source of food for animal feeding: a review. Journal of Cleaner Production 65: 16-27). However, there is still no state of the art sufficient data on, inter alia, methods of efficiently breeding insects useful for such applications.

Breeding insects on a mass scale, in industrial conditions, in addition to developing technical and technological solutions for breeding, requires the development of balanced feed mixtures and complementary feed mixtures ensuring the maximization of insect breeding efficiency, acceleration of their growth and development. In mass breeding, it is also important to standardize the feed, which allows for partial or complete automation of the feeding process.

Currently, there are no specialized feed mixtures or complementary feeds dedicated to the breeding / breeding of insects on the market. In the amateur and semi-industrial production of insects, mixtures with an unbalanced / non-optimized composition are used, including ready-made premixes for feeding poultry (laying hens, broilers), pigs, pigs, domestic animals (dogs, cats). These mixtures, intended for vertebrate animals, are not balanced in terms of the specific nutritional needs of Orthoptera insects, due to the high content of fat and mineral and vitamin supplements inadequate for the breeding of insects. Moreover, they contain ingredients that can slow down growth and increase the value of the FCR (feed conversion ratio) (e.g. alfalfa silage, rye bran). The available scientific literature lacks reports of insect nutrition standards that are widely available to most farm, amateur and companion animals. The current state of knowledge is mainly related to the lack of research work on the optimization of insect nutrition.

As part of the preliminary studies, tests were carried out on the nutrition of banana cricket (Gryllodes sigillatus, family Gryllidae order: Orthoptera) with dry mixtures intended for broilers and pigs. Apart from cereal and vegetable ingredients (soybean meal, sunflower meal, rapeseed meal, corn meal, wheat bran, rye bran, vegetable oils, alfalfa silage, maize silage, dried fruit, dried vegetables), these mixtures have a high proportion of minerals, up to several% DM. (chalk and trace elements) adversely affecting insects. The feed for poultry and farm animals available on the market is delivered in a dry form, in the form of hard granules - in the case of insect breeding, this forces the feed to be mechanically ground before feeding, and the feed is supplemented with a water source, which significantly increases the costs of preparing a complete mixture and its administration. The feed mixtures available on the market are based on GMO plant ingredients (e.g. soybeans, corn, rapeseed). The purpose of introducing genetic changes in GMO varieties is to make plants resistant to pests, including insect pests. Plant material contains substances, either produced by plants (e.g. Bt toxin) or trace amounts of chemicals (e.g. glyphosate herbicide), harmless to vertebrates and humans, but by definition toxic to invertebrates, including insects (Bt toxin).

The use of the above feed mixtures resulted in high insect mortality or low BWG (Body Weight Gain) gains. The use of these blends that

Due to their composition optimized for vertebrate animals, it is economically ineffective in breeding insects.

Taking into account the above factors, there is a need to create a complete and / or complementary feed mixture with a composition limited to the ingredients necessary (and sufficient) for the breeding of insects, using non-GMO material.

Today, by-products of the agricultural and processing industries, such as chicken manure, mushroom substrates, fruit and vegetable juice pulp, and potato peelings, are used as low-value feedstock in biogas plants, composted or used directly as fertilizer. Such solutions are associated with considerable environmental costs (groundwater contamination, soil acidification, greenhouse gas emissions), and are often burdensome from the point of view of the inhabitants of agricultural areas (odors). Therefore, there is a constant need for new methods of utilization of production and agricultural waste as well as agricultural industry waste.

In the natural environment, many species of insects act as decomposers involved in the circulation of matter in nature. Organic matter is broken down by insects or their larvae and then assimilated. Insects absorb nutrients from organic matter in an extremely efficient way, which makes it possible to use them in the process of utilization of biomass, which is a by-product of the agri-food industry.

In Zhu, F.-X., Yao, Y.-L, Wang, S.-J., Du, R.-G., Wang, W.-P., Chen, X.-Y., Hong , C.-L, Qi, B, Xue, ZY., Yang, H.-Q., 2015 Housefly maggot-treated composting as sustainable option for pig manure management. Waste Management 35: 62-67 describes the use of housefly larvae in the composting of pig slurry, making it possible to dispense with the use of filler additives.

The innovative research carried out by the creators unexpectedly showed that agricultural and food waste such as mushroom substrates, mushroom waste and potato pulp, potato starch (a by-product of potato processing), fruit and vegetable marc (a by-product of processing, juice production) and / or fermentation biomass from biogas plants can be efficiently and quickly disposed of, in strictly controlled and environmentally safe conditions by insects, while at the same time creating added value in the form of high-quality insect protein.

Under controlled conditions, it is possible to efficiently convert the biomass to high-quality protein. At the same time, the process is not associated with high greenhouse gas emissions (composting or fermentation). With the use of appropriate infrastructure, it can be conducted in situ on an ongoing basis.

The present inventors have therefore found that it is possible to use in the process of rearing insects various types of by-products of the agri-food industry, e.g. potato processing products, fruit, vegetable and / or fruit and vegetable pulp etc., which may be a valuable feed material in insect nutrition. . An additional advantage of the solution according to the invention is the fact that, at the same time, feeding the above-mentioned components leads to their bio-utilization, consisting in the conversion of low-value components into high-quality protein and insect fat. Improving the use of waste products by feeding them to insects reduces their occurrence in the environment, reduces the emission of biogenic elements and enables the extension of known methods of trading in secondary raw materials.

The innovative research carried out by the authors made it possible to develop innovative, balanced, high-performance feed mixtures dedicated to the breeding of insects from the Gryllidae family (order: Orthoptera), based on the use of economical raw materials of plant origin, including by-products of the agri-food industry. Additional benefits of using this solution include the bio-utilization of various types of by-products of the agri-food industry, production and farming waste and / or industrial waste, as well as the use of low-value feed materials.

The essence of the invention

The invention relates to a method of biutilizing the by-products of the agri-food industry by breeding / rearing insects of the order Orthoptera, in particular the banana cricket species (Gryllodes sigillatus), which comprises a step in which insects of the order Orthoptera, in particular a species of banana cricket (Gryllodes sigillatus), are fed. ), by-products of the agro-industry4

PL 239 451 B1

- food in the form of a compound feed consisting of component C and one to two components selected from components A and / or B, where

- component A - are cereal components constituting from 25% to 50% by weight of the feed mixture, where the cereal components are selected from wheat mix, wheat grains, wheat flour, wheat mill by-product, wheat bran, their mixtures, and / or

- component B - plant components constituting up to 25% to 50% by weight of the feed mixture, where the plant components are selected from fodder silage obtained from maize, fresh plant biomass from maize, or maize meal or corn seed extraction meal, or mixtures thereof, preferably component B comprises at least about 25 wt.% maize silage, and

- component C - supplementary components constituting from 50% to 75% by weight of the feed mixture, with the supplementary components selected from the by-products of the agri-food industry selected from potatoes, fodder beet, potato pulp, potato pulp, potato starch, fruit pulp from apples, fodder beet vegetable pulp, apple and fodder beet fruit and vegetable pulp, apple and potato fruit and vegetable pulp, mushroom waste, raw wet marc from fodder beet, apples or mixtures thereof, with the final total percentage content Components C and A and / or B constitute 100% by weight of the final feed mixture, the materials contained in the feed mixture being comminuted with a fraction from 0.001 to 20 mm of particle diameter; more preferably a fraction from 0.01 to 10 mm in particle diameter.

In a preferred method of bio-utilization of agro-food industry by-products, the compound feed supplied in the feeding step comprises as components: as C - fruit pulp and / or fruit and vegetable pulp, and as A - wheat bran and / or as B - corn silage.

In a preferred method of biutilizing the by-products of the agro-food industry, the compound feed supplied to the feeding stage comprises materials with a dry matter content in the range of about 30-80% by weight.

In a preferred method of bio-utilization of agro-food industry by-products, the compound feed fed in the feeding stage comprises as components: C - fruit pulp and / or fruit and vegetable pulp and as A - wheat bran and / or as B - maize silage.

In a preferred method of biutilising the by-products of the agro-food industry, the compound feed supplied in the feeding stage is used as a complete mixture.

In a preferred method of biutilizing agro-food industry by-products, the insects in the feeding step are grown at a temperature ranging from about 24 ° C to about 28 ° C.

The invention also relates to the use of a feed mixture consisting of component C and one to two components selected from components A and / or B, for the bio-utilization of agro-food industry by-products by breeding / rearing insects from the order Orthoptera, in particular the banana cricket species (Gryllodes sigillatus). ) on the indicated compound feed, where

- component A - are cereal components constituting from 25% to 50% by weight of the feed mixture, where the cereal components are selected from wheat mix, wheat grains, wheat flour, wheat mill by-product, wheat bran, their mixtures, and / or

- component B - plant components constituting up to 25% to 50% by weight of the feed mixture, where the plant components are selected from fodder silage obtained from maize, fresh plant biomass from maize, or maize meal or corn seed extraction meal, or mixtures thereof, preferably component B comprises at least about 25 wt.% maize silage, and

- - component C - supplementary components constituting from 50% to 75% of the mass feed mixture, with the supplementary components selected from the by-products of the agri-food industry selected from potatoes, fodder beet, potato pulp, potato pulp, potato starch, apple fruit pulp,

Vegetable pulp from fodder beet, fruit and vegetable pulp from apple and fodder beet, fruit and vegetable pulp from apples and potatoes, mushroom waste, raw wet pomace from fodder beet, apples or their mixtures, the final total content of which is the percentage of the components C and A and / or B represents 100% by weight of the final feed mixture, the materials contained in the feed mixture being finely divided, having a fraction of 0.001 to 20 mm in particle diameter; more preferably a fraction from 0.01 to 10 mm in particle diameter.

Preferably, in the use of the feed mixture for the bio-utilization of by-products of the agri-food industry by breeding / rearing Orthoptera insects, the mixture used comprises as components: C - fruit pulp and / or fruit and vegetable pulp and as A - wheat bran and / or as B - maize silage.

Disclosed is a feed compound for breeding / rearing insects of the order: Orthoptera, in particular of the Banana cricket species (Gryllodes sigillatus), which enables the bioutylation of agro-food industry by-products by feeding them to insects of the order: Orthoptera, in particular the banana cricket (Gryllodes sigillatus) ), with the compound feed containing up to three types of components:

A - grain components 0-100% by weight and / or

B - vegetable components 0-100% by mass, preferably selected from silage and / or middlings and

C - supplementary components of 0.01-100% by weight, which are by-products of the agri-food industry, the materials included in it are comminuted, including the fraction from 0.001 to 20 mm of particle diameter; more preferably fractions from 0.01 to 10 mm in particle diameter;

the feed mixture does not contain sawdust, DDGS, chicken manure, alfalfa silage, material derived from GMO plants, additional mineral and / or vitamin supplements.

By-products of the agro-food industry as used in the present disclosure include agri-food by-products, agricultural production and farming waste, low-value feed materials and / or industrial waste such as fermentation biomass from biogas plants. Preferably, the by-products of the agro-food industry are only products of vegetable origin. In a preferred embodiment, the by-products of the agro-food industry are selected from the group consisting of: fodder vegetables (such as potatoes, fodder beet), potato pulp, fruit, vegetable or fruit and vegetable pulp, potato starch, mushroom waste and / or fermentation biomass from biogas plants.

As used herein, a cereal component is grains of cereals such as wheat, oats, barley, flour obtained from the milling of the grains of these cereals, bran, and milling by-products.

For the purposes of this specification, the vegetable component is fodder silage obtained from maize, grass, fresh plant biomass from maize or grass, or meal or meal extracted from maize, sunflower, rape seeds.

Preferably, the feed mixture comprises at least about 25 wt.% Of B - maize silage.

In an embodiment, C - agro-food industry by-products are selected from the group consisting of: fodder vegetables (such as potatoes, fodder beet), potato pulp, fruit, vegetable or fruit and vegetable pulp, potato starch, mushroom waste and / or fermentation biomass from biogas plants.

In a preferred embodiment, the feed mixture comprises A - cereal components, preferably wheat bran, and B - maize silage and / or C - fruit and fruit and vegetable pulp.

The inventors found that a preferred feed mixture for breeding crickets contains (in% by mass):

A - grain component 0-100%

B - vegetable component (silage, middlings) - 0-100%

C - supplementary component (by-products of agri-food processing, agricultural production and breeding waste, industrial waste) - 0.01-100%.

The use of feed materials with a dry matter content in the range of 30-80% by mass allows for the rearing and breeding of insects without the need to use additional sources of drinking water, i.e. endogenous water contained in the raw materials is sufficient. The share of bran in compound feed in the share of 0-50% by mass improves the results of insects rearing. A particularly advantageous mixture

The feed contains as much maize silage as possible. However, it should be noted that many feed materials including wheatmix (a by-product of iso-glucose production in the processing of wheat), maize silage (whole plants), raw potatoes, potato pulp and pulp (by-products of the potato industry); fruit and fruit and vegetable pulp, fruit and vegetables (by-products of the food industry, i.e. wet raw pomace obtained from carrots, beets, apples, currants, pears); biogas plant waste, i.e. raw wet biomass from biogas plants after methane production under industrial conditions; raw fodder beet; Wheat bran can be used in the production of feed and complementary feed in the rearing and breeding of insects of the order: Orthoptera, in particular the banana cricket species (Gryllodes sigillatus). Therefore, the inventors found that it is possible to use the breeding / breeding of insects for the bio-utilization of various wastes and / or by-products of the agri-food industry, while maintaining the beneficial growth and development of insects, and the feed mixtures composed in this way do not require the use of additional ingredients, for example mineral supplements.

The results obtained by the authors indicate the possibility of bio-utilization of various types of by-products of the agri-food industry, including: wheatmix (a by-product from iso-glucose production in the wheat processing process), raw potatoes, potato pulp and pulp (by-products of the potato industry); fruit and fruit and vegetable pulp, fruit and vegetables (by-products of the food industry, i.e. wet raw pomace obtained from carrots, beets, apples, currants, pears); biogas plant waste; Mushroom waste in order to obtain high-value meal from insects. Preferably the C - by-products of the agro-food industry are fruit and fruit and vegetable pulps.

Preferably, the feed mixture comprises materials with a dry matter content in the range of about 30-80% by weight.

The compound feed contains particulate materials having a fraction of 0.001 to 20 mm in particle diameter, more preferably fractions of 0.01 to 10 mm in particle diameter, so as to allow adequate bioavailability to insects.

Also disclosed is a feed supplement for breeding / rearing insects of the order: Orthoptera, in particular of the Banana Cricket (Gryllodes sigillatus) species, which enables the biutilisation of agro-food industry by-products by feeding them to insects of the order: Orthoptera, in particular Banana Cricket (Gryllodes sigillatus) as a complementary feed additive, where the feed supplement contains up to three types of components:

A - grain components 0-100% by weight and / or

B - vegetable components 0-100% by mass, preferably silage and / or middlings and

C - supplementary components of 0.01-100% by mass, which are by-products of the agri-food industry, the materials included in it are comminuted, including the fraction from 0.001 to 20 mm of particle diameter; more preferably fractions from 0.01 to 10 mm in particle diameter;

the feed supplement does not contain sawdust, DDGS, chicken manure, alfalfa silage, material derived from GMO plants, additional mineral and / or vitamin supplements, and the feed supplement is min. 15% by mass of the compound feed fed to insects.

"Feed supplement" or "complementary feed" or "feed additive" means an insect feed additive that is used to supplement a feed mixture fed to insects. The described feed supplement is min. 15% by mass of the compound feed fed to insects.

Preferably, the feed supplement comprises at least about 25 wt.% B - maize silage.

In an embodiment, C - agro-food industry by-products are selected from the group consisting of: fodder vegetables (such as potatoes, fodder beet), potato pulp, fruit, vegetable or fruit and vegetable pulp, potato starch, mushroom waste and / or fermentation biomass from biogas plants.

In a preferred embodiment, the feed supplement comprises A - cereal components, preferably wheat bran, and B - corn silage and / or C - fruit and fruit and vegetable pulp.

Preferably, the feed supplement comprises materials with a dry matter content in the range of about 30-80% by weight.

PL 239 451 B1

There is also presented a method of bio-utilization of by-products of the agri-food industry, in which the mentioned by-products of the agri-food industry are fed to insects from the order: Orthoptera, in particular the species of banana cricket (Gryllodes sigillatus), as an additive to the feed mixture containing cereal components and / or components vegetable, preferably maize silage, or as an additive to a feed supplement containing cereal components and / or plant components, preferably maize silage.

Preferably, in the method of bio-utilization of by-products of the agri-food industry, the by-products of the agri-food industry are selected from the group consisting of: fodder vegetables (such as potatoes, fodder beet), potato pulp, fruit, vegetable or fruit and vegetable pulp, potato starch, mushroom waste and / or biogas fermentation biomass.

Preferably, in an embodiment of the bio-utilization process, the compound feed or feed supplement comprises A - cereal components, preferably wheat bran, and B - corn silage and / or C - fruit and fruit and vegetable pulp.

Preferably, in an embodiment of the bio-utilization method, the feed mixture is used in a proportion of min. about 15% by weight in complete formula and / or complementary feed for insect rearing and / or rearing.

In an embodiment of the bio-utilization method, the compound-fed or feed supplement-fed insects are reared at a temperature ranging from about 24 to about 28 ° C.

A method of breeding / rearing insects of the order: Orthoptera, in particular of the species of banana cricket (Gryllodes sigillatus), in which insects of the order: Orthoptera, in particular of the species of banana cricket (Gryllodes sigillatus), are kept on a compound feed or receive a feed supplement in the amount of min. 15% by weight of the compound feed.

Preferably, the insects are reared at a temperature ranging from about 24 to about 28 ° C.

In an embodiment of the insect breeding method, the compound feed or the feed supplement is administered in a loose form.

In an embodiment, the compound feed or feed supplement is administered 3-7 times a week in ad libitum amounts.

Preferably, the compound feed or feed supplement comprises materials with a dry matter content in the range of about 30-80% by weight, and the insects are not given additional sources of drinking water.

Also disclosed is the use of a compound feed and / or a feed supplement for breeding / rearing insects of the order Orthoptera, in particular of the Banana cricket (Gryllodes sigillatus) species, for the bio-utilization of agro-food industry by-products.

In an embodiment, the by-products of the agro-food industry are selected from the group consisting of: fodder vegetables (such as potatoes, fodder beet), potato pulp, fruit, vegetable or fruit and vegetable pulp, potato starch, mushroom waste and / or fermentation biomass from biogas plants.

The invention therefore uses the process of decomposing organic matter by insects for the purpose of optimal bio-utilization of by-products of the agri-food industry. The inventors have developed a number of feed mixtures favorable for the development of insects of the order: Orthoptera, in particular the banana cricket species (Gryllodes sigillatus), which at the same time make it possible to use by-products of the agri-food industry. The described feed compositions can be used for breeding / rearing insects for any purpose, including preferably obtaining high-quality insect proteins and fats, including human and animal nutrition. The creators showed that the use of the above-mentioned feed materials and by-products of the agri-food industry in the share of min. 15% by weight in the complete and complementary feed allows for the rearing of crickets while maintaining a feed conversion ratio of a maximum of 10 kg of feed / kg of body weight gain.

The use of the above-mentioned feed materials and by-products of the agri-food industry in the share of min. 15% by mass in the complete mixture as well as in the complementary feed / feed supplement allows to obtain in the low-temperature drying process (40-65 ° C) full-fat meals with a content of min. 50% of total protein and min. 4% crude fat and 3% crude ash.

The use of the above-mentioned feed materials and by-products of the agri-food industry in the complete mixture as well as the complementary feed / feed supplement allows

To obtain, in the low-temperature drying process (40-65 ° C), full-fat meals with a content of min. 50% of total protein and min. 4% crude fat;

The use of the above-mentioned feed materials and by-products of the agri-food industry in a complete mixture as well as complementary feed / feed supplement allows to obtain in the drying process and cold pressing meals with a content of min. 50% of total protein and min. 4% crude fat;

The use of the above-mentioned feed materials and by-products of the agri-food industry in a complete mixture as well as a complementary feed mixture / feed supplement allows to obtain in the supercritical extraction process meals with a content of min. 70% of total protein and max. 5% crude fat.

The invention will now be described by way of specific embodiments which, however, do not limit its scope.

Examples

Materials and methods

The aim of the experiments was to determine the suitability of selected feed materials such as waste (e.g. chicken manure) in the rearing of model insects.

6 growth experiments were performed on model animals, i.e. mealworm (Tenebrio molitor, family Tenebrionidae, row: Coleoptera) (Example 2) and 2 experiments on banana crickets (Gryllodes sigillatus, family Gryllidae, row: Orthoptera) (Example 3). The insects used in the experiments came from our own breeding.

After completion of the preliminary tests (Tables 2-5), the feed materials characterized by the best degree of utilization (FCR-feed conversion ratio) and body weight gain (BWG) of the model insects were selected. The BWG index expressed in grams was determined as the average increase in the total body weight of insects in a given variant over the duration of the experiment for the number of replicates = n. FCR was determined as the ratio of body weight gain to feed weight consumed over the course of the experiment.

The feed mixtures were prepared on the basis of ingredients obtained from the BioPower company from Międzyrzec Podlaski.

The components were not heat treated. The feed preparation consisted of mechanical mixing of the components and grinding them mechanically with a knife homogenizer in order to obtain a fraction of 0.001 to 20 mm, more preferably a fraction of 0.01 to 10 mm of particle diameter. Fractions with a particle diameter of 0.01 to 10 mm have a particularly favorable effect on the feed conversion of the insects.

After preparing the mixes, they were portioned into airtight bags and stored at -20 ° C. The whole mixture was fed in a loose form, the feed was given 3-7 times a week in ad libitum amounts. The preliminary experiments lasted from 2 to 6 weeks, while the actual experiments with crickets lasted 3 weeks and were carried out in 3 replications (Example 3). All the components used were subjected to chemical analyzes to determine the nutritional value (Example 1, Table 1).

P r z k ł a d 1

Analysis of the ingredients of feed materials

The components used were chemically analyzed according to the procedures specified in the AOAC, 2000 Official Methods of Analysis (17th edition of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA, for nutritional value determination. The results of the analyzes are shown below (Table 1).

PL 239 451 Β1

Tab. 1 Analyzed chemical composition of components used in experimental feeds for various insect species

Dry weight (%) Total protein (%) Crude fiber (%) Chicken droppings 90.93 26.93 18.44 Scobs 90.78 - 73.48 Wheat bran 88.03 15.51 9.83 DDGS 90.74 33.84 15.28 Wheatmix 92 18.14 10.83 Apple expeller 12.51 0.85 3.19 Maize silage I. 37.52 3.01 6.48 Maize silage II 41.86 3.69 8.52 Potato 18.25 1.6 0.54 Fodder beet 12.18 1.34 1.06 Fruit pulp 30.6 2.46 - Biogas plant waste 36.05 13.42 - Potato pulp 17.83 6.2 - Potato starch 45.12 1.1 - Alfalfa silage 56.58 13.05 - Waste mushrooms 15.60 8.50 2.30

Example 2

Initial experiments (I-IV) on the selection of feed components on the model of Mealworm miller (Tenebrio molitor)

For the experimental purposes, the mealworm mill (Tenebrio molitor) was grown using different components of the feed mixes and alternatively different temperature variants. A 30 g weight of insects in the 3rd and 4th larval stage (size 10-14 mm) was used as a breeding group, the insects were bred in flat containers with a bottom area of 300 cm ² made of polypropylene, at an air humidity of 40-50% and a temperature of 24 ° C or 28 ° C, in the dark. The weight of insects was determined after they were screened out from faeces and leftover fodder. The weight of the feed residues was determined after it was separated from the faeces on a sieve with a mesh density of 0.5 mm. The feed mixtures were prepared on the basis of the components described in Example 1. The obtained values of the growth parameters were statistically processed according to the standards of SAS Institute, 1994. SAS User's Guide: Statistics. SAS Institute, Gary, NC, USA. shown in Table 2-5. The tables show the mean values of the groups. BWG (Body Weight Gain) - weight gain, FI - Food Intake (amount of food consumed); FCR- Food Conversion Ratio; values of BWG and FI coefficients in [g],% values in [% by mass].

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Tab. 2 The results of rearing - growing experiment no. 1 in the Mącznik mill (n = 2).

Composition of the substrate BWG FI FCR T1 wheatmix 100% 21.54 123.60 5.74 T2 chicken manure 100% -12.60 57.12 -4.53 T3 DDGS 100% 2.83 77.20 27.60 T4 wheatmix 50% + chicken manure 50% 8.78 94.80 10.80 T5 DDGS 50% + chicken manure 50% 4.97 80.20 16.15

Tab. 3 Breeding results - growing experiment no. 2 in the Mącznik mill (n = 5). The table shows the mean values of the groups.

Composition of the substrate BWG FI FCR T1 wheatmix 100% 8.94 27.75 3.10 T2 sawdust 100% -3.92 0.45 -0.13 T3 wheat mix 50% + sawdust 50% 4.32 18.39 4.31 T4 wheat mix 75% + maize silage 25% 29.41 30.00 1.02 T5 Wheat mix 50% + maize silage 50% 48.11 63.73 1.33 T6 sawdust 75% + maize silage 25% -1.28 9.16 -7.34 T7 50% sawdust + 50% maize silage 3.83 21.16 5.59 T8 sawdust 75% + DDGS 25% -1.90 4.35 -3.02 T9 sawdust 50% + DDGS 50% -0.31 8.00 4.39 T10 sawdust 25% + DDGS 75% -0.33 8.39 5.13

Tab. 4 Breeding results - growing experiment no. 3 in Mącznik mill farm (n = 3) in two temperature variants. The table shows the mean values of the groups.

Composition of the substrate 24 ° C 28 ° C BWG FI FCR BWG FI FCR T1 100% maize silage 19.32 117.14 6.33 21.03 158.19 7.57 T2 50% maize silage + 50% wheat bran 37.33 95.96 2.58 30.16 107.35 3.58 T3 wheat bran 100% 29.91 80.18 2.68 30.95 85.75 2.81 T4 50% maize silage + 50% potato 12.33 119.60 11.37 13.94 173.18 13.62

PL 239 451 Β1

Tab. 5 Breeding results - growing experiment no. 4 in the Mącznik mill farm (n = 3). The table shows the mean values of the groups.

Composition of the substrate BWG FI FCR T1 wheat bran 100% 30.76 62.72 2.04 T2 wheat bran 50% + potato 50% 44.48 87.03 1.96 T3 wheat bran 50% + fodder beet 50% 39.86 85.44 2.15 T4 bran 50% wheat + corn silage 50% 33.45 71.33 2.13 T5 wheat bran 25% + potato 25% + fodder beet 25% + maize silage 25% 37.29 101.61 2.72

On the basis of preliminary experiments, the important role of cereal components in the feed for mealworms as the basic feed component was confirmed, which is consistent with the observations on the natural environment of the occurrence of mealworm. The optimal composition of the feed is a combination of the grain component (wheat mix or wheat bran) with maize silage or fodder vegetables (fodder beet, potato). At the same time, it was found that the addition of sawdust or chicken manure to the feed mix significantly slowed the growth or the effect of negative growth (caused by the mortality of the test insects). Experiments have also shown that a more efficient feed conversion (higher FCR) occurs at 24 ° C. This observation is important due to the economic aspect. In the case of large-scale breeding, breeding at a lower temperature is associated with much lower financial outlays.

For further experiments, mixtures based on wheat bran and silage were selected.

Example 3

Final experiment on the use of various feed components in the rearing of crickets

An analysis of the influence of various feed mixtures, developed on the basis of the results of the previous Examples, was performed for the banana cricket species (Gryllodes sigillatus).

The compound feed was prepared as described in Example 1. The insects were reared in 60 L containers with a ventilated lid. In order to increase the surface available for insects, the containers were filled with egg transport trays (Hartmann EggTec-L - 6 pieces per container). The feed mixture was fed to the bottom of the container.

The insects were divided into 3 groups, 3 replicates of 10 grams of insects at the L1 larval stage. The experiment was carried out for a period of 3 weeks at the temperature of 28 ° C and the relative air humidity at the level of 40-50%. Measurements were made at the end of the experiment, determining the total weight of the insects, weight of unused feed. The composition of feed mixtures for individual groups is presented in Table 6

The obtained values of the growth parameters of insects from individual groups, subjected to statistical processing in accordance with the standards of SAS Institute, 1994. SAS User's Guide: Statistics. SAS Institute, Gary, NC, USA. are shown in Tab. 6. The tables show the mean values of the groups. BWG (Body Weight Gain) - weight gain, FI - Food Intake (amount of food consumed); FCR - Food Conversion Ratio (conversion factor); values of BWG and FI coefficients in [g],% values in [% by mass].

PL 239 451 Β1

Tab. 6 Breeding results - growing experience on banana crickets (n = 3). The table shows the mean values of the groups.

Banana cricket (Gryllodes sigillatus)

Composition of the substrate BWG FI FOR T1 100% maize silage 15.00 98.00 6.53 T2 maize silage 25% + mushroom waste 50% + bran 25% 10.00 82.00 8.20 T3 Mushroom waste 50% + bran 50% -6.00 120.00 -

Experience has shown that 100% maize silage can be an efficient feed for banana crickets, ensuring efficient BWG growth.

Summary of examples

In preliminary (Example 2, Tab. 1-5) and proper growth experiments with crickets (Example 3, Tab. 6), significant differences were found in the feed conversion and the growth of the aforementioned insects. Research shows that some waste components, e.g. dried chicken manure or DDGS, cannot be used, even as a partial share in the feed for mealworms or the waste mushrooms themselves in the feed for crickets. The use of feed materials with a dry matter content in the range of 30-80% by mass allows for the rearing and breeding of insects without the need to use additional sources of drinking water, i.e. endogenous water contained in the raw materials is sufficient. Wheat bran, used by many mealworm producers as the main substrate-feed, showed high digestibility. However, it should also be noted that many feed materials including wheatmix (a by-product of iso-glucose production in the processing of wheat), maize silage (whole plants), raw potatoes, potato pulp and pulp (by-products of the potato industry); fruit and fruit and vegetable pulp, fruit and vegetables (by-products of the food industry, i.e. wet raw pomace obtained from carrots, beets, apples, currants, pears); biogas plant waste, i.e. raw wet biomass from biogas plants after methane production in industrial conditions; raw fodder beet; Wheat bran can be used in the production of feed and complementary feed in the rearing and breeding of insects of the Gryllidae family (order: Orthoptera).

The obtained results of growing experiments indicate the possibility of bio-utilization of various types of by-products of the agri-food industry, including: wheatmix (a by-product from iso-glucose production in the wheat processing process), raw potatoes, potato pulp and pulp (by-products of the potato industry); fruit and fruit and vegetable pulp, fruit and vegetables (by-products of the food industry, i.e. wet raw pomace obtained from carrots, beets, apples, currants, pears); biogas plant waste; Mushroom waste to obtain high-value meal from insects, especially from crickets.

Patent claims

Claims (8)

Patent claims A method of bio-utilization of by-products of the agri-food industry by breeding / rearing insects of the order Orthoptera, in particular the species of banana cricket (Gryllodes sigillatus), characterized in that it comprises a step in which insects of the order Orthoptera, in particular a species of banana cricket, are fed (Gryllodes sigillatus), by-products of the agri-food industry in the form of a compound feed consisting of component C and one to two components selected from components A and / or B, where - component A - are cereal components constituting from 25% to 50% by weight of the feed mixture, where the cereal components are selected from wheat mix, wheat grains, wheat flour, wheat mill by-product, wheat bran, their mixtures, and / or PL 239 451 B1 - component B - plant components constituting up to 25% to 50% of the mass of the feed mixture, where the plant components are selected from fodder silage obtained from maize, fresh plant biomass from maize, or maize meal or corn seed extraction meal, or their mixtures, - wherein component B preferably comprises at least about 25 wt.% maize silage, and - component C - supplementary components constituting from 50% to 75% by weight of the feed mixture, with the supplementary components selected from agri-food industry by-products selected from potatoes, fodder beet, potato pulp, potato pulp, potato starch, fruit pulp from apples, fodder beet vegetable pulp, apple and fodder beet fruit and vegetable pulp, apple and potato fruit and vegetable pulp, mushroom waste, raw wet marc from fodder beet, apples or their mixtures, with the final total percentage of the components C and A and / or B represent 100% by weight of the final feed mixture, the materials contained in the feed mixture being comminuted with a fraction of 0.001 to 20 mm in particle diameter; more preferably a fraction from 0.01 to 10 mm in particle diameter. 2. A method for bio-utilization of by-products of the agri-food industry, according to claim A method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the feed mixture administered in the feeding step comprises as components: as C - fruit pulp and / or fruit and vegetable pulp, and as A - wheat bran and / or as B - maize silage. 3. A method for biouplication of by-products of the agri-food industry, according to claim 1, A method according to claim 1-2, characterized in that the compound feed administered in the feeding step comprises materials with a dry matter content in the range of about 30-80% by weight. 4. A method for the biouplication of by-products of the agri-food industry according to claim 1, A method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the feed mixture administered in the feeding step comprises as components: C - fruit pulp and / or fruit and vegetable pulp and as A - wheat bran and / or as B - maize silage. 5. A method for bio-utilization of by-products of the agri-food industry according to claim 1, A method according to any of the claims 1-4, characterized in that the feed mixture given in the feeding stage is used as a complete mixture. 6. A method for the biouplication of by-products of the agri-food industry according to any of the claims The method of any of claims 1-5, wherein the insects are reared in the feeding step at a temperature ranging from about 24 ° C to about 28 ° C. 7. Use of a compound feed consisting of component C and one to two components selected from components A and / or B, for the bio-utilization of agri-food industry by-products by breeding orthoptera insects, in particular the banana cricket species (Gryllodes sigillatus) on the indicated compound feed, where - component A - are cereal components constituting from 25% to 50% by weight of the feed mixture, where the cereal components are selected from wheat mix, wheat grains, wheat flour, wheat mill by-product, wheat bran, their mixtures, and / or - component B - plant components constituting up to 25% to 50% by weight of the feed mixture, where the plant components are selected from fodder silage obtained from maize, fresh plant biomass from maize, or maize meal or corn seed extraction meal, or their mixtures, - wherein component B preferably comprises at least about 25 wt.% maize silage, and - component C - supplementary components constituting from 50% to 75% by weight of the feed mixture, with the supplementary components selected from agri-food industry by-products selected from potatoes, fodder beet, potato pulp, potato pulp, potato starch, fruit pulp from apples, Vegetable pulp from fodder beet, fruit and vegetable pulp from apple and fodder beet, fruit and vegetable pulp from apples and potatoes, mushroom waste, raw wet pomace from fodder beet, apples or their mixtures, the final total content of which is the percentage of the components C and A and / or B represents 100% by weight of the final feed, the materials contained in the feed mixture being ground to a fraction of 0.001 to 20 mm in particle diameter; more preferably a fraction from 0.01 to 10 mm in particle diameter. 8. The use of a feed mixture for the bio-utilization of by-products of the agri-food industry by cultivating the Orthoptera according to claim 1, The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the mixture used comprises as components: C - fruit pulp and / or fruit and vegetable pulp and as A - wheat bran and / or as B - silage.