PL229440B1 - Multipurpose two-ply weft knitted fabrics intended for protective clothing - Google Patents

Abstract

Multifunctional two-layer weft knitted fabrics intended for protective clothing are of weaves derived from the double-knit or left-hand weave shown in the drawing and, with a specific method of introducing yarns into the structure of the knitted fabric, contain yarns made of high-performance, non-flammable fibers, preferably aramid from the group of aromatic polyamides and conductive fibers, preferably modified with carbon or containing metal or metallized fibers, and modified chemical fibers with flammable properties and fibers with sorption properties to ensure moisture transport from the under-clothing microclimate, preferably FR viscose fibers or in a blended system of natural fibers in combination with synthetic or artificial fibers chemically modified to be flame-retardant and having a bacteriostatic effect. The method of manufacturing multifunctional two-layer weft knitted fabrics consists in that two-layer weave systems based on a double-knit weave are manufactured on cylindrical two-bearing crochet machines by combining weft weaves, where the layers of the knitted fabric are connected by weave eyelet connectors and/or cast-on eyelet connectors of one weave, in the same technological process, and the knitted fabric is manufactured in a manner that ensures obtaining two layers with a smooth surface, each from a different type of raw material system with specific features. On the other hand, two-layer weave systems based on a left-hand weave, preferably plated, are manufactured on cylindrical single-bearing crochet machines by working two yarns with specific features into the eyelet in such a manner that each yarn occupies a precisely defined position in the rows of the eyelets. The knitting process is carried out in such a way that the fabric has a uniform, smooth surface in which all the stitches are identical in size and shape, with the right-hand stitches on the top side of the fabric and the left-hand stitches on the bottom side.

Description

The subject of the invention is multifunctional double-layer weft knitted fabrics intended for protective clothing, in particular for light protective clothing for specific workplaces, such as for example employees of gas stations. The multi-functionality of knitted fabrics includes antistatic properties, flame retardant in the temperature range up to 180 ° C, antibacterial and physiological comfort properties.

Knitted textiles with a two-layer structure and various purposes are known, which in their characteristics combine two or three different functions, such as, for example, heat protection plus good hygienic conditions, high strength plus good hygienic conditions plus bacteriostaticity, high moisture sorption dynamics and field screening ability electromagnetic, anti-electrostatic and thermoactivity.

Patent description PL 198276 B1 describes a double-layer knitted fabric, especially for warming underwear, made of two different yarns of natural and synthetic fibers, with the outer layer made of cotton yarn constituting from 35% to 45% by weight of the total weight of the yarn in this yarn. knitted and the inner layer is made of a modified polyester yarn in an amount of 41% to 52% by weight and a modified polypropylene yarn in an amount of 10% to 18% by weight. This knitted fabric has the structure of a left-right underside weave, in which the polyester yarn is in the form of tether threads adjacent to the meshes of the cotton yarn, the polypropylene yarn is in the form of ties suspended on the tether threads. The advantage of knitted fabric is high air and water vapor permeability and the ability to wick away moisture, thanks to which products made of this knitted fabric help to maintain a favorable microclimate around the body, which ensures good hygienic conditions.

Other knitted fabrics made of two different yarns are also known, made up of two layers of meshes joined together by a knitting process, but not used for garments but for example footwear. Known from the patent description PL 163244, the two-layer openwork knit intended for footwear elements is made in the outer layer of polyester yarn, while the bottom layer is made of fibrillated polypropylene film. The outer layer is characterized by high mechanical strength and resistance to light and water. The inner layer is able to wick away sweat and is resistant to microorganisms and bacteria. Thanks to these properties, the knitted fabric is suitable for use on footwear, especially summer ones, adapted to direct contact with the user's leg.

Knitted fabric with a two-layer structure made on a haberdashery machine is also known for use in footwear. The patent description PL 141378 describes a method of producing an openwork footwear band in a double-layer knitted structure and a method of its finishing.

Another example of a double-layer knitted fabric is a composite weft knitted fabric, known from the patent specification PL 194826 B1, containing two layers knitted with a left-right weave of polyester yarns connected with threaded mesh fittings made with an intermediate thread, produced and joined in one technological process. In the space between the two mesh layers, the knitted fabric contains a filling layer introduced in the same technological process. The filling layer may be a spinning tape or roving with the addition of highly absorbent or electrically conductive fibers, or the filling layer may comprise granules with highly absorbent or electrically conductive properties. The functional features of the knitted fabric are shaped by the type of fibers in the intermediate layer, thanks to which the knitted fabric is characterized by high moisture sorption dynamics and the ability to shield electromagnetic field, and in the case of connecting the power source, the heating capacity. Therefore, the composite weft knitted fabric can be used for undercoats and dressings for patients, car covers, for protection against the harmful effects of the electromagnetic field or as a textile heater.

In addition, there are known textiles with combined barrier and physiological functions that are produced as double-layer knitted composites. A multi-layer, heat-insulating textile product intended, in particular, for protective clothing with antistatic and thermo-active properties, is known from the patent description PL 217037, consisting of an outer layer and an inner layer connected by a polymer membrane. The outer layer of the composite is a knitted fabric, preferably a pile knit, brushed and cut, made on a knitting machine from synthetic yarn made of synthetic fibers, preferably polyester, and electrically conductive yarn, containing not less than 7% by weight of electrically conductive yarn, running through

PL 229 440 Β1 in stripes along the rows or in the shape of a check. The inner layer is any knitted, woven or non-woven fabric, preferably chemical fibers. The polymer membrane used to connect the layers has complex barrier properties, such as high water vapor diffusion rate, which is a barrier to water and wind.

A similar layered structure has a thermo-active thermal insulation composite product for use in clothing, known from the Polish patent application P. 394654. This product, when used for external and internal layers of textile materials with appropriately selected parameters and functional characteristics, directs the use of this product on clothing to provide protection against weather conditions and achieving high thermal comfort with a relatively low weight of the product. The subject matter of the invention is, inter alia, the use for the backsheet of a weft knitted fabric with a one-sided loop structure with a plush finish based on a left-right weave, made of at least two yarns, preferably polypropylene fibers.

Among the multifunctional protective materials, not knitted, there is a system of materials used, in particular, to make a flame-retardant antistatic protective clothing known from the patent description PL 206663. It consists of an outer coating in the form of a polyacrylonitrile-cotton fabric or a cotton-polyester fabric with a surface resistivity below 1 × 10 ⁹ Ω , a waterproof and breathable insert consisting of a polyamide fabric laminated with polyurethane foil and a heat-insulating insert in the form of a non-woven fabric connected with the lining at points.

The aim of the invention was to obtain multifunctional double-layer knitted fabrics with anti-electrostatic, flame-retardant, antibacterial properties and properties characterizing physiological comfort, and the technical task to be performed was to develop the construction and production technology of such multifunctional double-layer knitted fabrics.

Multifunctional double-layer weft knitted fabrics intended for protective clothing, using known weaves derived from the double weave or the left-right weave, characterized by protective functions against hot thermal factors, static electricity, microorganisms and operational comfort by providing the user with the appropriate state of physiological comfort, according to the invention are distinguished by the fact that are weave derived from a double weave or a left-right weave, and with a specific method of introducing yarns into the structure of the knitted fabric, they contain yarns made of high-performance, non-flammable fibers, preferably aramid from the group of aromatic polyamides and conductive fibers, preferably carbon-modified or containing metal or metallized fibers, and chemical fibers with modified combustible properties and fibers with sorption properties to ensure the transport of moisture from the microclimate underneath, preferably viscose FR fibers or in a system and a mixture of natural fibers in combination with synthetic or artificial fibers chemically modified in the flame-retardant direction and characterized by the fact that while maintaining the properties resulting from the type of fibers used, they exhibit bacteriostatic activity, obtained as a result of the application of antibacterial chemicals in the finishing process, preferably containing nanoparticles metallic silver.

Preferably, the knitted fabrics with weaves based on the double-crop weave contain yarns with high thermal resistance and anti-electrostatic properties in the outer layer of the knitted fabric in a homogeneous or striped pattern with a spacing of not more than 10 mm, and yarns with modified flammability properties ensuring transport of moisture from the underside microclimate have inner layer of knitted fabric. Left-right clad knitted fabrics have yarns having the combined characteristics of high heat resistance with antistatic properties, as plating yarns, or a plating yarn system such as a high heat resistance yarn in a defined number of knitted rows and an antistatic yarn, preferably in a single row of meshes, the report being the arrangement of these yarns in the rows is constant over the entire surface of the knitted fabric and the distance between the rows made of anti-electrostatic yarns is at most 10 mm, while the back yarns are made of flame retardant yarns with natural and / or artificial fibers.

Preferably, knitted fabrics are rendered antimicrobial by finishing treatments such as pretreatment, washing, rinsing and paddling with compositions containing metallic silver nanoparticles, and drying.

The method of producing multifunctional double-layer weft knitted fabrics intended for protective clothing, using the known weaves derived from the double-weave or left-right weave, according to the invention, is characterized in that the double-layer weave systems based on a double weave.

PL 229 440 Β1 right is produced on double-bearing cylindrical crocheting machines and they are characterized by a construction made by combining weave stitches, in which the knitted layers are joined by eyelet fasteners and / or threaded loops of one weave, in the same technological process, and the knitted fabric is produced in such a way as to obtain two layers, preferably both layers with a smooth structure, preferably each knitted layer (top and bottom) is made of a different type of raw material arrangement with specific characteristics. In contrast, double-layer weave systems based on a left-right, preferably clad, weave, are produced on single-bearing cylindrical crochet machines by knitting two yarns with specific characteristics into the eyelet in such a way that each yarn occupies a precisely defined position in the mesh, with the plating yarn being the one that appears on the upper side of the knitted fabric, while the second yarn is used as the basic or backside yarn, and the knitting process is carried out so that the knitted fabric has a uniform smooth surface in which all the meshes are identical in size and shape, with the upper side of the knitted fabric being knit stitches, and purl stitches on the bottom stitches.

Preferably, the double-crop knitted fabrics are made with the use of yarns with high thermal resistance and anti-electrostatic properties used in the outer layer of the knitted fabric in a uniform or stripe pattern, with a maximum spacing of 10 mm, and the yarns with modified flammable properties ensuring the transport of moisture from the sub-climatic microclimate are used in the inner layer of knitted fabric, while left-right clad knitted fabrics are made from yarns having a combination of high thermal resistance with antistatic properties, as plating yarns, or a plating yarn system, such as high heat resistance yarns in a defined number of knitted rows, and antistatic yarns, preferably in one row of stitches, the report of the arrangement of these yarns in rows is constant over the entire surface of the knitted fabric and the distance between the rows made of anti-electrostatic yarns is at most 10 mm, while as yarn for the reverse side, yarns with flame retardant properties are used with the participation of natural and / or artificial fibers.

Preferably, knitted fabrics are rendered antibacterial by subjecting them to a finishing treatment such as pretreatment, washing, rinsing and paddling with compositions containing metallic silver nanoparticles, and drying.

Properties of the two-layer knitted fabrics according to the invention result from both the raw material used and the design solutions of the knitted fabrics. The use of yarn systems in individual layers of knitted fabrics so that the inner layers of garments made of them (in contact with the user's skin) exhibit physiological comfort properties, and these indicators were rated higher compared to the indicators characterizing the outer layers of these knitted fabrics for which special yarns were used with barrier properties.

The use of modified raw materials in the outer (outer) layer of the knitted fabric to obtain flame retardant and anti-electrostatic properties affects the protective properties of the knitting material, thanks to which the future user is protected against high temperature and static electricity. The two-layer construction of knitted fabrics and the use of raw materials with the use of natural or artificial fibers for the inner layer contribute to the comfort of use in terms of the microclimate underneath the clothing and hygienic functions, which are given in the process of special finishing of knitted fabrics with the use of anti-bacterial chemicals. Moreover, the construction of the knitted fabrics according to the invention contributes to the transverse elasticity characteristics with the dimensional stability of the material.

The subject of the invention is presented in the embodiment of multifunctional double-layer weft knitted fabrics intended for protective clothing in the drawing, in which fig. 1 shows a schematic arrangement of a punto di roma double-weft weave, fig. 2 shows a schematic arrangement of a double-cropped weft knit with single tucks, and fig. 3 - left-right plated weft weave.

The construction of multifunctional double-layer weft knitted fabrics intended for protective clothing is based on the known weaves derived from the double-weave or left-right weave with a specific method of introducing into the fabric structure yarns made of high-performance, non-flammable fibers, preferably aramid from the group of aromatic polyamides and conductive fibers, preferably carbon-modified or containing metal fibers. or metallised, and yarns of man-made fibers with modified combustion properties and fibers with sorp properties

PL 229 440 Β1 ties to ensure the transport of moisture from the microclimate underneath, preferably FR viscose fibers or in a blended system of natural fibers in combination with synthetic or synthetic fibers chemically modified in the flame retardant direction. The multifunctional double-layer weft knitted fabrics are characterized by a bacteriostatic effect obtained by the application of antibacterial chemicals in the finishing process, preferably containing metallic silver nanoparticles, which do not affect the properties of the knitted fabrics due to the type of fibers used.

The technology of producing multifunctional double-layer weft knitted fabrics intended for protective clothing based on a double-crop weave is based on the use of standard double-bearing cylindrical crochet knitting machines and weave systems using combinations of row weaves, as a result of which the knitted fabric layers are connected with eyelets and / or eyelet fasteners picked up in the same technological process . The places where the layers are joined are specified in the pattern report in the pattern of constituent weaves. The method of producing knitted fabrics provides two layers, preferably both layers with a smooth structure, with the possibility of creating fine patterns resulting from the method of feeding the systems with different colored yarns, using evenly spaced joints of the two layers of knitted fabric to compact the space between the layers of fabric.

Each layer of knitted fabric (top and bottom) is made of a different type of raw material layout with specific characteristics.

The technology of producing multifunctional double-layer weft knitted fabrics for protective clothing on the basis of a left-right weave, preferably plated, involves the production of knitted fabrics on standard single-jersey cylindrical crocheting machines by inserting two yarns in the eyelet with specific features in such a way that each yarn occupies a precisely defined position in the mesh, with the plating yarn is that which appears on the face side of the knitted fabric, while the other yarn acts as the back yarn. The knitting process is carried out in such a way that the knitted fabric has a uniform, smooth surface in which all the stitches have the same size and shape, with the right stitches on the upper side of the knitted fabric, and left stitches on the bottom side. In this way, each side of the knitted fabric (top and bottom) is made of a different type of raw material layout with specific features.

The mentioned methods for the production of multifunctional double-layer weft knitted fabrics include the use of double-weave knitted fabrics for the outer layer and as plating yarns in the case of knitted fabrics made of left-right weave yarns with high thermal resistance, preferably aramid yarns, and antistatic yarns with a proportion of 4-10% by weight. in knitted fabrics, preferably carbon-modified or containing metal or metallized fibers in a homogeneous or stripe configuration with a maximum spacing of 10 mm, while the bottom layer of knitted fabrics made on the basis of a double-weave weave and as the back yarns, in the case of knitted fabrics made on the basis of a left-hand weave, chemical modified yarns are used in the direction of protective features against high temperature and sorption properties necessary to ensure the transport of moisture from the microclimate underneath clothing, preferably viscose FR fibers or in a blend system made of natural fibers in combination with synthetic or artificial fibers chemically modified in a flame-retardant direction.

In designing clothing, including protective clothing, special emphasis is placed on ensuring the comfort of use, which is necessary for the proper functioning of the human body in various conditions of environmental hazards. Multifunctional features of double-layer knitted fabrics allow for wide application, mainly for light protective clothing, protecting against high temperature and static electricity and the development of microorganisms, combined with functional properties ensuring the state of physiological comfort through biophysical functions expressed, among others, by optimized values of air permeability, water vapor and resistance indicators thermal. The functional comfort of clothing products made of multifunctional double-layer weft knitted fabrics, according to the invention, without adversely affecting specific protective functions, is also ensured by the bacteriostatic effect of the material and the sensory comfort features of the inner layer of the knitted fabric, which is in direct contact with the wearer's skin or is closest to it. contact, and the distribution of non-flammable and conductive fibers in the outer layer of the knitted fabric has been determined to ensure protective functions against the indicated environmental hazards

PL 229 440 Β1 icing. Moreover, garments made with the use of knitted fabrics according to the invention provide functional ergonomic comfort in the assessment of freedom of movement and shape stability due to the structural and mechanical features of the material.

Multifunctional double-layer weft knitted fabrics, in exemplary embodiments according to the invention, were made on a two-bearing and single-bearing cylindrical crochet machine.

The double-layer weft knitted fabric based on a double-crop weave was made in a weave arrangement using a combination of weft stitches, in which the knitted layers are connected by the weave mesh connectors, as shown in Fig. 1. According to this method, the knitted fabric consists of two smooth layers and both knitted layers are characterized by equal the number of rows on the top and bottom sides. The weave report consists of four systems of the machine operation with the needle operation set in an interlock system, where the systems 3 and 4 form parallel increasing rows of the top and bottom knitted fabrics made with the basic left-right weave, while the systems 1 and 2 form the row of double knitted knit stitches visible on both sides of the knitted fabric, the eyelets of which are aligned with each other and by crossing each other, they connect and fill the layers of the knitted fabric. According to the weave report, the joining of the layers takes place in a pattern of meshes, created from two work systems in which the alternating selection of every second needle is used, in such a way that the pattern of eyelets connectors maximally compacts the structure of the knitted fabric. The place of joining the layers is situated along every second row of knitted fabric visible on both sides. The outer layer is made of meta-aramid blend yarn containing metal fibers, with a linear mass of 20-25 tex, creating a homogeneous outer layer of this yarn, which allows to obtain a knitted layer and features of high temperature resistance with the distribution of electrically conductive fibers on its entire surface. On the other hand, the inner (bottom) layer is made up of alternately rows of meshes made of blended yarn used in the outer layer of FR viscose yarn modified for flame retardancy with a linear mass of 20-25 tex.

The double-layer weft knitted fabric based on a double crop weave is made in a weave arrangement using a combination of weft weaves in which the knitted layers are joined by the weave mesh connectors and the tapered mesh connectors as shown in Fig. 2. According to this method, the knitted fabric consists of layers with a smooth structure. The places where the layers of the material are joined are specified in the pattern report in the system of component weaves. The weave report was limited to 6 systems, in which it was designed to create two layers of knitted fabric with an equal number of rows at the interlocking of the needles. The top layer is made of two sparse knitted fabrics formed in the 1st and 4th system with a double weave made on every second needle and in the 2nd and 5th system with a basic left-right weave also made on every second needle. The reverse side of the knitted fabric is also made of two sparse knits formed in the 1st and 4th system with a double weave made on every second needle and in the system 3 and 6 with a double weave made on every second needle and one-sidedly picked up on the cylinder. The structure of the knitted fabric was designed in such a way that the rows of knitted fabrics formed on both sides were formed by mutually complementary loops formed in successive operating systems of the machine alternately with the selection of every second needle. Both layers of knitted fabric are connected by eyelets and tucked mesh fasteners, formed in a double weave pattern in systems 1, 3, 4, 6, in such a way that the system of fasteners maximally compacts the knitted structure. The structure of the weave made it possible to obtain the structure of the knitted fabric smooth and stable on both sides. In a knitted fabric, it is possible to introduce yarns with different linear weights and with different properties into the layers.

The top layer is made of meta-aramid yarn with a linear weight of 20-25 tex and a blend yarn with polyester fibers, FR viscose metal or carbon fibers with a linear weight of up to 40 tex, which forms a horizontal strip system, designed in such a way that it is fed in Every 10th row is made with a basic left-right weave (in system 2), in place of a meta-aramid yarn with a linear weight of 20-25 tex, keeping the distance not greater than 10 mm. The inner (bottom) layer of the knitted fabric is made of meshes formed in a checkerboard pattern, in such a way that alternately there is a mesh of meta-aramid yarns with a linear weight of 20-25 tex and a mesh of mixed yarns containing modacrylic and cotton fibers with a linear weight of 20-25 tex.

A double-layered weave knit based on a left-right clad weave produced by inserting two yarns into a loop in such a way that each yarn occupies a precisely defined position in the eyelet, the cladding yarn being the one appearing on the face of the knitted fabric, while the other the yarn is the backing yarn. The left-right clad knitted fabric is characterized by a uniform, smooth surface. To make a knitted fabric

PL 229 440 Β1 double-layer, according to Fig. 3, the plating yarn was a meta-aramid yarn with a linear weight of 20-25 tex and a meta-aramid yarn containing metal fibers with a linear weight of 20-25 tex, which was inserted into every 7 row of mesh plating - top layer, creating strip system with a distance of approx. 10 mm. The backing yarn (clad) was a blend yarn containing modacrylic and cotton fibers with a linear weight of 20-25 tex.

As a result of the presented methods of introducing the yarns, two-layer knitted fabrics were produced with protective functions against hot thermal factors and static electricity, as well as operational comfort resulting from the structures of knitting materials and the share of natural or artificial fibers in the bottom layer of the material. The last technological step in the production of multifunctional double-layer weft knitted fabrics included the finishing process including the phases of: pre-treatment, washing, rinsing and surfacing with compositions containing metallic silver nanoparticles, and drying. As a result of the special finishing treatment, knitted fabrics made according to the invention gained the function of protection against microorganisms, which significantly affects the comfort of use of products made of this type of knitted fabric.

Multifunctional barrier fabrics against hot thermal factors, static electricity, antibacterial properties and comfort in use, in exemplary embodiments according to the invention, intended for use on light outerwear in various assortments of T-shirts, shirts and sweatshirts, made as materials with a two-layer structure, using derivative weaves double weave or left right weave. The given examples will explain the essence of the invention without limiting the scope of its use.

Example 1

Multifunctional double-sided knitted fabric with antistatic, flame-retardant, antibacterial properties and appropriate physiological comfort was produced on a two-bearing cylindrical crochet machine with technical data: needle number 18 E, cylinder diameter 30 ”E and number of work areas 72. The multifunctional knitted fabric was made of the raw material system: meta-yarn mixed yarn / 25 tex metal fibers and 20 tex FR viscose yarn using a punto di Roma weft weave according to the scheme shown in Fig. 1.

The knit was made with a pattern report covering 4 crochet machine work systems and using the following power supply in these systems:

- 1, 2 and 3: mixed yarn metaaramid / metal fibers 25 tex,

- 4: FR 25 tex viscose yarn.

As a result of such a supply system, all the meshes on the right side of the knitted fabric are made of a blend yarn, creating a uniform outer layer of this yarn. As a result of the use of meta-aramid yarns containing fibers modified with electrically conductive compounds, the top layer has protective functions in terms of flame-retardant and anti-electrostatic properties. The proportion of blended yarn in the knitted structure is about 74% by weight.

On the wrong side of the knitted fabric there are alternating rows of stitches made of metaaramid blend yarn containing metal fibers and of viscose FR yarn. The use of at least 26% by weight of flame-retardant modified viscose yarn also affects the protective properties of the knitted fabric, and the very nature of the viscose raw material shows favorable physiological values of textiles made with its participation.

The raw knitted fabric, according to the presented raw material-weave solution, was subjected to finishing treatment, with the use of known technical and technological parameters of this process, used to finish knitted fabrics from the system of yarns: synthetic (aramid yarns) and artificial (viscose yarns), taking into account in the final phase of the process two activities, namely, firstly, the omission of softeners conventionally used in finishing and, secondly, the use of surfacing with a biologically active composition containing metallic silver nanoparticles. The omission of standard softeners used in finishing is a deliberate action due to the need to maintain the assumed flame-retardant properties of the knitted fabric as much as possible, because the influence of softeners on changing these protective properties (towards reducing protective properties) is known. Extending the finishing treatment with the phase of applying an antibacterial agent to the knitted fabric, in the case of solving the composition with metallic silver nanoparticles, was made in order to provide the knitted fabric with the expected biological activity properties.

PL 229 440 Β1

The multifunctionality of the knitted fabric in terms of protective features against hot factors in the temperature range of 180 ° C, protective features against static electricity and antibacterial properties as well as features of physiological comfort are characterized by indicators presented in Table 1. The characteristics also take into account the basic structural and functional properties.

Table 1. Parameters of indicators characterizing the multifunctionality of knitted fabrics according to example 1.

Indicator Multifunctional knit of Puuto di Roma -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------- Test method The results of research on the basic structural and functional properties of finished knitted fabric Dimension change after washing [%] in the longitudinal direction -1.5 * 0.5 PN-EN ISO 5077: 2011 PN-EN ISO 3759: 2011 methodology of washing and drying according to PN-EN ISO 6330: 2012 in a contradictory direction -4.0 ± 0.5 Mass per unit area [gW] Coefficient of variation (%] 355 ± 2 0.8 PN-P-04613-1: 1997 point 3.4. Strictness of knitwear number of rows / cm 17.4 * 0.2 PN - EN 14971: 2007 number of columns / cm 13.1 * 0.1 The results of research on the biophysical properties of knitted fabric Air permeability [mm / s] Coefficient of variation, [%] 807 * 18 3.4 PN-EN ISO 9237: 1998 Water vapor permeability, h] 0.344 PN-EN ’ 31092: 1998 + Apl: 2004 Water vapor resistance [nrPa / W] j ... ....... ............... and 1 4.32 PN-EN 31092; 1998 * Apl: 2004 Thermal resistance [m ² KW] ΐ ....... .... . ______ 1 0.038 [PN-EN and 31092: 1998 + Apl: 2004

The results of tests of knitted fabrics from the test of resistance to surface inflammation

Whether the flame is at the top or vertical edge and samples in the longitudinal direction in the transverse direction NO PN-EN ISO 15025: 2005 Whether there were debris in the longitudinal direction in the direction of transverse NO Whether there were any burning debris in the longitudinal direction in the transverse direction NO Does the afterglow and spreads beyond and the area covered by the flame in the longitudinal direction in the transverse direction NO and Is there a hole longitudinal direction u "direction transverse NO

PL 229 440 Β1

Time of post-flame combustion [s] in the longitudinal direction 0 and towards transverse Post-glow time Requirements according to PN-EN ISO 11612: 2008 For the letter code Al in the longitudinal direction 0 in the transverse direction 7.No sample should on the top edge or any of the side edges 2.No sample should give either burning or molten and debris; 3. Should not be on any sample create a hole; 4. Average follow-up time flame combustion should be <2s; 5. Average follow-up time glow should be <2s. Resistance test results knitted for changes under the influence of hot air at the temperature of ______ (180i5) ^o C ' Dimension change [%] in the longitudinal direction -0.8 ISO 17493: 2000 in the transverse direction -0.8 Makeover The samples did not change appearance Requirements according to PŃ-EN ISO 11612: 2008 no inflammation of the sample, no melting, but a change in i dimensions may be below 5%: for temperature 180 * Cż £; Results of tests of heat transfer rates under the action of a flame and the thermal radiation transfer coefficient. Heat transfer index TF average value lowest single score 0.54 0.54 EN ISO 6942: 2005 Thermal radiation transfer coefficient RHTI24 - average value 16.5 Thermal radiation transmission coefficient lUTH 12 - average value ΐ 10.2 RHTI 24 '- RHTI 12 - value-average 6.3 Requirements according to PN-EN ISO 11612: 2008 for the letter code C. It is required to achieve at least the horizontal efficiency of Cl RHTI 24 min max Cl 7.0 <20.0 C2 20.0 <50.0 C3 50.0 <95.0 C4 - 95.0

PL 229 440 Β1

Heat transfer index HTI 24 - average value 9.0 PN-EN 367: 1996 ........ Heat transfer index HTI12-average value 6.0 'HTI 24 - HTI 12 - average value 3.0 Requirements according to PN-EN IS O 11612: 2008 for the letter code B Achieving at least the BI effectiveness level is required HTI 24 min max BI 4.0 <10.0 B210.0 <20.0 B3-20.0 Protective properties test results against static electricity Half-down time tsi [s] .......... <0.01 .................. PN-EN 1149-3: 2007 Induction method 1 Screening factor Ś 0.61 1 Requirements for dispersing material according to PN-EN 1149-5: 2009 tx <4 s j S> 0.2! Results of microbiological tests of knitwear Staphylococcus ureus (ATCC 6538) Escherichia coli (ATCC 11229) Bacteriostatic coefficient S Bactericidal coefficient L. Bacteriostatic coefficient S Bactericidal coefficient L. 3.7 0.3 3.6 -1.7 Microorganisms used for tests according to: zkATCC Test Method 100-2004 and PN-EN ISO 20743 Requirements according to the evaluation criteria contained in the JIS L 1902 standard ^ do has features of bacteriostaticity S> 2 the doe has the characteristics of bactericidal activity

Knitted fabric according to the technological solution of example 1 has protective properties:

Fire retardant in relation to the requirements of PN-EN ISO 11612: 2011, namely it meets the required resistance to:

• ignition of textiles for the A1 range.

• heat action at 180 ° C.

• effect of thermal radiation at the C1 efficiency level.

• heat transfer under the action of flame at efficiency level B1.

2. in terms of barrier against static electricity in relation to the requirements of the PN-EN 1149-5: 2009 standard. They meet the requirements for electrostatic dissipative material.

3. With reference to JIS L 1902, bacteriostatic against Staphylococcus ureus and Escherichia coli, and bactericidal against Staphylococcus ureus.

and once shows good qualities:

PL 229 440 Β1

4. physiological comfort, characterized, among others, by indicator:

• air permeability, which, in relation to the classification of textiles, places the knitted fabric in the "permeable" class (according to EN 343: 1996 the required level for the "permeable" class above 600 m / s), such products as trousers (0.039 m ² K / W) or sweaters (0.043 m ² K / W). Assessment in relation to the ISO 7730 standard, • resistance to water vapor transmission (according to EN 343: 1996, 3 classes of permeability), the value of which places the knitted fabric in the 3rd class "permeable" (class 3 - resistance <20 m ² Pa / W).

Example 2

Multifunctional double-sided knitted fabric with antistatic, flame-retardant, antibacterial properties and appropriate physiological comfort was produced on a single-jersey cylindrical crochet machine with technical data: needle number 24 E, cylinder diameter 26 ”E and number of work areas 84. The multifunctional knitted fabric was made of the raw material system: 20 metaaramid yarn tex, 25 tex meta-aramid / metal blend yarn and 20 tex modacrylic / cotton blend yarn using a left-right weft weave clad in the scheme of Figure 3.

The knit was made with a pattern report covering 7 crocheting work systems resulting from the use of the following power supply in the systems:

• from 1 to 6: 20 tex metaaramid yarn as plating yarn and 20 tex modacrylic / cotton blend yarn as backing yarn, • 7: metaaramid / metal 25 tex blended yarn as plating yarn and 20 tex modacrylic / cotton blend yarn as backing yarn .

As a result of such a method of supplying the systems, the upper side of the knitted fabric is formed in a strip-like pattern; from the meta-aramid yarn, the next 6 rows of stitches and the 7th row are a blend of meta-aramid / metal fibers. The applied supply system creates a report of the outer side of the knitted fabric repeated over the entire surface and provides protective functions in terms of flame retardancy and anti-electrostatic properties.

The backside of the knit is made of a modacrylic / cotton blend yarn. The participation in the mixture of flame-retardant modified modacrylic fibers supports the protective properties of the knitted fabric, while the proportion of cotton fibers has a positive effect on the physiological properties of the knitted fabric.

The percentage of the yarns used in the knitted fabric structure is as follows:

metaaramid 20 tex 47.5% by weight metaaramid / metal fibers 25 tex 5.0% by weight modacrylic / cotton 20 tex 47.5% by weight

The raw knitted fabric, according to the presented raw material-weave solution, was subjected to finishing treatment, with the use of known technical and technological parameters of this process, used to finish knitted fabrics from a system of yarns: synthetic (aramid, modacrylic yarns) and cellulose (cotton), while in the final stage of the process the use of standard softeners was omitted, while the deposition of a biologically active agent with a composition containing metallic silver nanoparticles was introduced. The omission of standard softeners used in finishing is a deliberate action due to the need to maintain the assumed flame-retardant properties of the knitted fabric as much as possible, because the influence of softeners on changing these protective properties (towards reducing protective properties) is known. The inclusion in the finishing process of applying an antibacterial agent to the knitted fabric, in the case of solving the composition with metallic silver nanoparticles, was made in order to give the knitted fabric the expected biological activity properties.

The applied raw material system and the structure designed to produce the knitted fabric as well as the special finishing treatment carried out allow to obtain the multifunctionality of the double-layer left-right fabric clad in terms of protective features against hot factors in the temperature range of 180 ° C, protective features against static electricity and antibacterial properties, as well as physiological comfort features. Multifunctionality as well as basic structural and functional properties are characterized by indicators presented in Table 2.

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Table 2. Parameters of indicators characterizing the multifunctionality of knitted fabrics according to example 2.

Indicator j Multifunctional : knitwear s left right 1 plated Test method The results of research on the basic structural and functional properties of finished knitted fabric Dimension change after washing [%] in the longitudinal direction; .....- 3.5 ± 0.5 ___ in the j direction -4.0 ± 0.5 transverse I and PN-EN ISO 5077: 2011 PN-ENISO 3759: 2011 methodology of washing and drying according to PN-EN ISO 6330: 2012 Surface mass [g / m ⁴ ] 'Coefficient of variation [%] ........ ..... ..... ..... I 250 ± 2 ί 0.7 PN- P- 04613-1: 1997 p. 3.4. Strictness of knitwear number of rows / cm j 16.2 ± 0.1 PN-EN 14971: 2007 number of columns / cm [12.0 · -Μ), 0 The results of research on the biophysical properties of knitted fabric Air permeability [mm / s] Coefficient of variation, [%] | 808 ± 19 1 ³ ' ⁷ PN-EN ISO 9237: 1998 Water vapor permeability, [g / m ² Pa h] Water vapor resistance [m ² Pa / W] 0.371 ] ąji PN-EN 31092: 1998 ± ApI: 2004 PN-EN ™ ' 31092: 1998 ± Apl: 2004 Thermal resistance [m ² K / W] ί 0.035 PN-EN 31092: 1998 + Apl: 2004 ___________ Test results for knitted fabrics from the surface inflammation test That the flame is at the top or vertical edge of the sample Whether there were 'debris in the longitudinal direction NO PN-EN ISO 15025: 2005 in the transverse direction ............... in the longitudinal direction NO towards , transverse Whether there were any burning debris towards longitudinal; NO ...... and | ! in the transverse direction Does the afterglow spread beyond the flame surface? and u 'in the longitudinal direction in the transverse direction

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Has a hole formed ........... n * longitudinal direction in the direction transverse______ NO Time of post-flame combustion [sj longitudinally _______ u ^? transverse direction 0 Post-glow time M in the longitudinal direction in the direction of transverse 0 Requirements according to PN-EN ISO 11612: 2008 For the letter code Al 6.No sample should burn from the top edge or any of the side edges 7.No sample should give burning or molten debris; 8. It should not be on any sample to form a hole: 9. Mean follow-up time flame combustion should be <2s; 10. Mean follow-up time glow should be <2s. The results of tests of knitted fabric resistance to changes under the influence of hot air at the temperature of _____________________ (180 ± 5) ° C ' Dimension change [%] in the longitudinal direction ~ in the transverse direction -1.3 ISO 17493: 2000 Makeover The samples darkened slightly Requirements according to PN-EN ISO 11612: 21X18 no ignition of the sample, no melting, but the dimensional change may be below 5% for the temperature of 1 tffpjj Results of tests of heat transfer rates under the action of a flame and the thermal radiation transfer coefficient. Heat transfer index TF average value lowest 'single score 0.55 _ 0.55 EN ISO 6942: 2005 Thermal radiation transfer coefficient RHTI 24 - average value 15.3 Thermal radiation transfer coefficient RHTI12 - average value ..... 93 1 RHTI 24 * - RHTI 12 - average value 6.0 and Requirements according to PN-EN ISO 11612: 2008 for the letter code C: It is required to achieve at least the efficacy level of Cl RHTI 24 min mass Cl 7.0 <20.0 C2 20.0 <30.0 C3 50.0 <95.0 C4 95.0

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Heat transfer index HTI 24 - average value __________ 6.0 ξδ PN-EN 367: 1996 Heat transfer index ΗΤΪ12 - average value HTI24 -1ΓΠ 12 - average value 2.6 Requirements according to PN-EN ISO 11612: 2008 for the letter code B Achieving at least the BI effectiveness level is required HTI 24 min max BI 4.0 <10.0 B2 10.0 <20.0 83-20.0 _____________Results of research properties of protective against static electricity Half-down time tjo [s | 2.7-1.8 and PN-EN 1149-3: 2007 Induction method Screening factor S j 0.09 Requirements for dissipative material acc. | PN-EN 1149-5: 2009 'J Im <4 s and 5> 0.2 Results of microbiological tests of knitwear Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) Requirements according to the evaluation criteria included in the J1SL1902 standard Bacteriostatic coefficient S Bactericidal coefficient L. The product has bacteriostatic features 2.2 1.1 “...... s> F ξ Microorganisms used for testing according to: AATCC Test Method 100-2004 and PN-EN ISO 20743; The product has bactericidal properties L> 0

The knitted fabric, according to the technological solution of example 2, has protective properties, namely: 1. flame retardant in relation to the requirements of PN-EN ISO 11612: 2011 and meets the required resistance to:

• ignition of textiles for the A1 range.

• heat action at 180 ° C.

• effect of thermal radiation at the C1 efficiency level.

• heat transfer under the action of flame at efficiency level B1.

2. in terms of barrier against static electricity, in relation to the requirements of the PN-EN 1149-5: 2009 standard. Meets the requirements for electrostatic dissipative material.

3. In relation to the JIS L 1902 standard, bacteriostatic and bactericidal against Staphylococcus ureus.

and shows good features

4. physiological comfort, characterized, among others, by pointer;

• air permeability, which, in relation to the classification of textiles, places the knitted fabric in the "permeable" class (according to EN 343: 1996 the required level for the "permeable" class above 600 m / s), of products such as trousers (0.039 m ² K / W) or sweaters (0.043 m ² K / W) (assessed against the ISO 7730 standard), • resistance to water vapor (according to EN 343: 1996, 3 classes of permeability), the value places the knitted fabric in the 3rd class "permeable" (3rd class - resistance <20 m ² Pa / W).

Claims (6)

1. Multifunctional double-layer weft knitted fabrics intended for protective clothing, using the known weaves derived from the double-weave or left-right weave, characterized by protective functions against hot thermal factors, static electricity, microorganisms and operational comfort by providing the user with the appropriate state of physiological comfort, characterized by the fact that they are with weaves derived from the double-weave or left-right weave and with a specific method of introducing the yarns into the knitted structure, contain yarns made of high-performance, non-flammable fibers, preferably aramid from the group of aromatic polyamides and conductive fibers, preferably carbon-modified or containing metal or metallized fibers and chemical fibers with modified properties combustible fibers and fibers with sorption properties to ensure the transport of moisture from the microclimate underneath, preferably viscose FR fibers or in a mixed system with natural fibers in combination with synthetic or artificial fibers chemically modified in the flame retardant direction, and characterized by the fact that while maintaining the properties resulting from the type of fibers used, they have a bacteriostatic effect, which they obtained as a result of the application of antibacterial chemicals in the finishing process, preferably containing metallic silver nanoparticles. 2. Multifunctional double-layer knitted fabrics, according to claim The knitted fabrics of claim 1, characterized in that the knitted fabrics with weaves based on the double-crop weave contain yarns with high thermal resistance and anti-electrostatic properties in the outer layer of the knitted fabric in a homogeneous or stripe pattern with a maximum spacing of 10 mm, and yarns with modified flammable properties and ensuring the transport of moisture from the microclimate in the inner layer of knitted fabrics, while left-right clad knitted fabrics have yarns having a combination of high thermal resistance with anti-electrostatic characteristics, as plating yarns, or a plating yarn system, such as high-temperature yarn in a certain number of knitted rows and antistatic yarns, preferably in one row of stitches, the pattern report of these yarns in rows is constant over the entire surface of the knitted fabric and the distance between the rows made of antistatic yarns is at most 10 mm, while the yarns of the bottom contain Rows with flame retardant properties, with natural and / or artificial fibers. 3. Multifunctional double-layer knitted fabrics according to claim 1 The method of claim 1 or 2, characterized by having antimicrobial properties by finishing treatment, such as pretreatment, washing, rinsing and paddling with compositions containing metallic silver nanoparticles, and drying. 4. A method of producing multifunctional double-layer weft knitted fabrics intended for protective clothing, using known weaves derived from the double-weave or left-right weave, characterized in that the double-layer weave systems based on the double-jersey weave are produced on double-bearing cylindrical crochet knitting machines by a combination of weaving stitches in which the knitted layers are combined are through the connectors of the weave meshes and / or the connectors of the pick-up meshes of one weave, in the same technological process, and the knitted fabric is produced so as to obtain two layers, preferably such as both layers with a smooth structure, preferably each layer of knitted fabric (top and bottom) ) are made of other types of raw material systems with specific characteristics, while the double-layer weave systems based on the left-right weave, preferably clad, are produced on single-jersey cylindrical crocheting machines by inserting two yarns in the rows of meshes with the specified features such that each yarn occupies a precisely defined position in the eyelets, the plating yarn being the one that appears on the face side of the knitted fabric, the other yarn being used as the back yarn, and the knitting process being carried out in such a way that the knitted fabric had a uniform smooth surface on both sides, and all the stitches were the same size and shape, with the knit stitches on the upper side and the purl stitches on the reverse side. PL 229 440 Β1 5. A method for producing a double-layer knitted fabric, according to claim 1, 4. The method of claim 4, characterized in that the knitted fabrics based on the double-crop weave are produced with the use of yarns with high thermal resistance and anti-electrostatic properties used in the outer layer of the knitted fabric in a homogeneous or stripe configuration with a spacing of at most 10 mm, and yarns with modified flammability and moisture transport properties from the sub-clothing microclimate is used in the inner layer of the knitted fabric, while the left-right clad knitted fabrics are made of yarns with a combination of high thermal resistance and anti-electrostatic properties, as plating yarns, or a system of plating yarns, such as a high-temperature yarn in a certain number of rows of the knitted fabric and an anti-electrostatic yarn, preferably in one row of meshes, the pattern report of these yarns in the rows is constant over the entire surface of the knitted fabric, and the distance between the rows made of anti-electrostatic yarns is at most 10 mm, while as for backing yarns, flame retardant yarns with natural and / or artificial fibers are used. 6. Method for the production of knitted fabrics according to the claims The process of claim 4 or 5, characterized in that they are rendered antibacterial by subjecting them to a finishing treatment, such as pretreatment, washing, rinsing, and padding with compositions containing metallic silver nanoparticles, and drying.