PL217643B1 - Escape oxygen respirator - Google Patents

Description

The subject of the invention is an oxygen escape device protecting the respiratory tract of the user staying in an atmosphere harmful to health. The operation of the device is based on the release of oxygen from solid chemical compounds called an oxygen-generating substance.

The oxygen evacuation apparatus known from the patent description PL-B1-169110 has a cartridge with an oxygen-producing mass, a breathing bag, an overpressure valve and a mouthpiece assembly with a breathing tube. The oxygen-forming mass is placed in a container connected to a breathing bag, equipped with a breathing tube with a mouthpiece. In use, the water vapor exhaled by the user with carbon dioxide reacts with potassium peroxide, releasing oxygen necessary for respiratory processes. The excess of the breathing mix escapes through the overpressure valve. Other known oxygen generators, published for example in PL-A1-295388, PL-A1-295387, PL-B1-162670, contain an initiator in the form of a small oxygen cylinder, allowing for a few breaths until the chemical oxidation reaction is initiated, and longitudinal baffles , improving the conversion of the mass later.

Also known from the patent description PL 105 369 is an oxygen escape device filled with an oxygen-forming mass, having known elements such as a mouthpiece, a breathing bag, etc., in which the initiation of work is carried out chemically by means of the so-called candle giving off oxygen. It is housed in the canister of the canister and ignited by the actuator. These elements contribute to the complexity of the structure and increase the weight of the respiratory protective device.

Oxygen escape devices, which are mandatory equipment for people staying in areas at risk of air pollution, should be as light as possible so as not to be a nuisance during the works, and at the same time they should have a sufficiently long protective time to allow escape from the dangerous place. In addition, they must meet applicable standards, for example, the temperature and resistance of the inhaled air. The object of the invention is an apparatus with unexpectedly high operational and operational parameters.

The essence of the invention consists in the fact that in the escape device containing an absorber filled with an oxygen-forming mass, an initiator, a breathing tube with a mouthpiece and a breathing bag, a part of the oxygen-forming bed of the absorber is used for initiation, to which a dose of a non-toxic liquid substance is administered shortly before the device is used. Thanks to this solution, the starting system is a part of the absorber bed and at the moment of initiating the apparatus, the oxygen-forming mass bed is immediately and locally heated as a result of an exothermic reaction, which greatly facilitates the initiation of the oxygen-forming reaction in the absorber.

In a preferred version of the invention, the liquid substance is a physiological saline solution that is harmless to humans, for example an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (NaCl) with a composition of 3-20% in an amount of 3 to ₃ cm ³ . It can also be any other solution harmless to the human body which does not freeze at a temperature of at least -5 ° C, or an initiator substance of high density, for example in the form of an ointment.

The essence of the invention is also an escape device comprising a housing, an oxygen-forming mass absorber, a breathing bag, a breathing tube with a mouthpiece, a relief valve, characterized by the fact that the absorber is equipped with an initiator having a flexible pump filled with a chemical initiating substance, in which a needle and a membrane are embedded. separating the initiator from the oxygen forming mass.

In a preferred version of the apparatus according to the invention, the initiator is connected on the side of the membrane with a channel ending at the opposite end with a drip-tight barrier placed in the lower part of the absorber in the oxygen-producing mass. The oxygen-forming mass is only on one external side of the partition.

The technical measures defining the above inventions have provided a getaway device with improved performance characteristics, in particular an increased recovery time to weight ratio. In addition, thanks to the use of a homogeneous composition of the chemical substance, its disposal is facilitated, which is particularly important considering that the device is a disposable product and must meet the requirements of the European Directive on product liability.

The invention is illustrated by an embodiment in which Fig. 1 shows the oxygen escape device removed from the housing in a partially sectioned front view; Fig. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the oxygen generator coolant; Fig. 3 shows the mesh with drip-proof partition in top and side views; and Figure 4 is an axial section of the initiator pump.

The essential components of the apparatus according to the invention are: oxygen absorber 1, breathing bag 2, breathing tube 3 and initiator 4. Said units are packed in a sealed casing with a sling, not shown in the drawing, and taken out when the apparatus is to be used.

The absorber 1 is made of metal. It has an outer armor 5 in the shape of a prism with a base similar to a rectangle with rounded corners, closed on one side with an upper 6 and opposite a lower 7, in which there are respectively upper 8 and lower 9 nozzles. Under the caps 6, 7 there are the outer meshes 10, forming the expansion chambers 11. Halfway up the absorber, there is a spatial mesh 12. Above it, there are longitudinal mesh partitions 13, and from it there are transverse mesh partitions 14. The inside of the absorber 1 is filled with an oxygen-producing mass 15 based on KO2, kept in spaces separated by partitions 13 and 14.

A breathing bag 2 made of flexible, impermeable material is attached to the lower connection 9 of the absorber 1. In the interior of the bag 2, a desiccant mass 16 is filled, which also prevents its sticking, and a link 17 is attached to control the release valve 18, passing through the absorber 1 in the tube 19.

The initiator 4 is mounted on the upper bottom 6 of the absorber 1 and is connected by a channel 20 with a drip-tight partition 21 in the shape of a conical cross. The initiator 4 consists of a rubber pump 22 filled with an initiator 23 in the form of an aqueous sodium chloride (NaCl) solution with a density of 7% ₃ and a capacity of 5 cm ³ . The initiator 4 has a centrally located needle 24 directed with a spike towards a diaphragm 25 composed of a rubber plate and a thin metal plate. Below the membrane 25 is a funnel-shaped screw 26 of the channel 20 entering the cross-shaped partition 21. The drop-proof partition 21 is made of a suitable metal mesh permanently connected to the lower outer mesh 10, and is not filled inside with an oxygen-forming compound 15. From the outside, the partition 21 touches in the oxygen-forming mass 15 filling the absorber 1, which is also the mass that initiates the oxygen-forming reaction of the apparatus in the initial period.

A flexible breathing hose 3, ending with a mouthpiece 27 with a heat exchanger 28 and a nose piece 29, located on the upper head 6, is fitted with a flexible breathing hose 3 ended with a heat exchanger 28 and a nose piece 29. The heat exchanger 28 located between the hose 3 and the mouthpiece 27 consists of two symmetrical shells with stub pipes connected to each other. and filled inside with two closely folded mesh elements. Each of the metal nets is placed in a different mantle and staggered by 90 ° in relation to the other. There is a decompression space in the jacket on the side of the stub pipe. When the device is not used, the mouthpiece 27 is closed with a stopper 30, preventing atmospheric air from entering the absorber 1, which could automatically cause a chemical reaction to release oxygen from the mass 15.

The camera is worn on belts in a tight housing consisting of an upper cover and a lower cover fastened with a clamp. During use, the clamp is torn off, the covers are thrown back, and five pumping movements of the initiator 4 are made with the thumb. The membrane 25 is then punctured and the initiating substance 23 is forced through the channel 20 into the drip-proof partition 21 from where, thanks to its capillary properties, it is evenly distributed into the initiating area of the oxygen-forming mass 15 As a result, the reaction takes place in the first place on a very large area of contact with the oxygen-forming mass 15. After the chemical reaction begins, releasing oxygen, which accumulates in the breathing bag 2, the absorber 1 is moved to the chest area, the straps 31 are tightened, the cork is unfastened. 30 and inserting the mouthpiece 27 into the user's mouth. During the first moments of use of the apparatus, the oxygen produced by the initiator 4 is breathed. During the following breaths, the water vapor, heat and carbon dioxide contained in the exhaled air react with the oxygen-forming mass 15, causing the release of oxygen. On exhalation, the air passes into the absorber 1 through the mouthpiece 27, the breathing tube 3 and the heat exchanger 28 where it is heated. After cleaning from carbon dioxide and partially drying and enriching with oxygen, the exhaled air flows into the breathing bag 2. During inhalation, the air from the breathing bag 2 again passes through the absorber 1, where it is additionally enriched with oxygen, and then through the breathing tube 3 and the heat exchanger 28 to the user's airways. Since the oxygen-forming reaction in the absorber 1 is exothermic, the exhaled air lowers its temperature as it passes through the mesh elements of the heat exchanger 28. The excess of accumulated air escapes from the circuit.

The absorber 1 is externally covered with an insulating layer 32 that protects the user against burns from the metal surface heated by exothermic reaction. The air circulation in the apparatus is similar to that of a swing.

The devices according to the invention are used wherever there is a risk of a sudden change of air into harmful to respiration, especially due to lack of oxygen or the presence of toxic substances. They can be used in underground mining plants in non-methane and methane fields in areas classified as "a", "b" and "c" explosion hazard. They are used to safely leave the area affected by fire, gas ejection or breakdown of a chemical installation. They are intended for single use only. Oxygen escape devices are intended only for self-rescue (escape) from the danger zone in case of danger and therefore cannot be used during work.

List of designations

1. Absorber

2. Breathing bag

3. Breathing tube

4. Initiator

5. Armor

6. Top bottom

7. Bottom bottom

8. Top connection

9. Lower connection

10. Outer mesh

11. The expansion chamber

12. Spatial grid

13. Longitudinal mesh partitions

14. Transverse mesh partitions

15. Oxygen making mass

16. Drying compound

17. Tie (pressure relief valve)

18. Relief valve

19. Tube (valve linkage)

20. Channel (initiator)

21. Drop-proof septum

22. Pump

23. Initiator

24. The spire

25. Membrane

26. Screw

27. Mouthpiece

28. Heat exchanger

29. Nose pincer

30. Cork

31. Belts

32. Insulating layer

Claims (7)

1. Method for initiating the operation of an escape device containing an absorber filled with an oxygen-forming mass, an initiator, a breathing tube with a mouthpiece, a breathing bag, characterized in that it uses a part of the oxygen-generating bed (15) of the absorber (1) for initiation, to which a dose is administered shortly before the device is used. a liquid substance (23) that is non-toxic to humans, thanks to which the starting system is part of the absorber bed (15) and at the moment of initiating the apparatus, the oxygen-forming mass bed (15) is immediately heated locally as a result of an exothermic reaction, which significantly facilitates the initiation of the oxygen-forming reaction in the absorber (1 ). PL 217 643 B1 2. A method for initiating an escape device according to claim 1; The method of claim 1, characterized in that the liquid substance (23) is a physiological saline solution that is harmless to humans, for example an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (NaCl) with a composition of 3 - 20%. 3. A method for initiating an escape device according to claim 1; 3. The method of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the dose _{3 of the} liquid initiator (23) is from 3 to 20 cm ³ . 4. A method for initiating an escape device according to one of claims 1 to 4. The method of any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the liquid initiator (23) is any solution harmless to the human body, non-freezing at a temperature of at least - 5 ° C. 5. A method for initiating an escape device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5. A method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the initiator substance (23) is of high density, for example in the form of an ointment. 6. An escape device comprising a housing, an oxygen generator absorber, a breathing bag, a breathing tube with a mouthpiece, a relief valve, characterized in that the absorber (1) has an initiator (4) having a flexible pump (22) filled with a chemical initiator (23). ), in which a needle (24) and a membrane (25) are seated, separating the initiator substance (23) from the oxygen-forming mass (15). The escape device of claim 7. 6. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the initiator (4) is connected on the side of the membrane (25) with a channel (20) ended opposite to a drip-like septum (21) placed in the lower part of the absorber (1) in the oxygen-forming mass (15), which is only on outside the septum (21).