PL2019B3 - The method of making fertilizers. - Google Patents
The method of making fertilizers. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- PL2019B3 PL2019B3 PL2019A PL201920A PL2019B3 PL 2019 B3 PL2019 B3 PL 2019B3 PL 2019 A PL2019 A PL 2019A PL 201920 A PL201920 A PL 201920A PL 2019 B3 PL2019 B3 PL 2019B3
- Authority
- PL
- Poland
- Prior art keywords
- lime
- phosphates
- nitrogen
- silicates
- potassium
- Prior art date
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;potassium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[K+] DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000012241 calcium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 159000000011 group IA salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002426 superphosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P] Chemical compound [N].[P] YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P].[K] Chemical compound [N].[P].[K] WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 phosphorus compound Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001120 potassium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MCXBMLBTPQEQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;sodium;dinitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MCXBMLBTPQEQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulphate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YWYZEGXAUVWDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N triammonium citrate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O YWYZEGXAUVWDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Description
Najdluzszy czas trwania patentu do 6 pazdziernika 1939 r.Patent glówny ochrania, sposób sporza¬ dzania nawozów, który polega na tern, ze fosforany roztwarza sie przez zarzenie, spiekanie lub stapianie ze skaleniami po- tas«wemi przy dodaniu substancyj zasado¬ wych, jak wapniak lub soda, poczem do otrzymanych produktów przez dzialanie gazowemi tlenkami azotu lub innemi odpo- wiedniemi zwiazkami azotu wprowadza sie jeszcze azot.Ten sposób zmienia sie wedlug przed¬ lozonego wynalazku o tyle, ze do roztwa¬ rzania fosforanów uzywa sie zamiast ska¬ leni potasowych-zasadowych zwiazków al¬ kalicznych, szczególnie krzemianów alka¬ licznych lub materjalów, które w danych warunkach moga wytworzyc te ciala. Ja¬ ko odpowiednie srodki roztwarzajace u- wzglednia sie np. sode lub siarczan pota¬ sowy, który w wysokiej temperaturze roz¬ klada sie na tlenek, lub siarczan alkaliczny i krzemionke, z których przy wysokiej tem¬ peraturze tworza sie krzemiany alkaliczne.Wystepujace we wszystkich natural¬ nych fosforanach krzemionka i glina, które przy zarzeniu lub atapianiu z solami alka- licznenii zamieniaja sie w gliniany i krze-r miany alkaliczne, czynia czesto zbytecznym osobny dodatek krzemionki. Przy fosfora¬ nach, zawierajacych bardzo wiele krze-mionki i glinki moze byc pozadanym do¬ datek pewnej ilosci wapna obok soli alka¬ licznych. Przy fosforanach bogatych w wapno zawiera fosforan powstajacy w pro¬ cesie zarzenia lub stapiania obok alkaljów oczywiscie takze odpowiednie ilosci zasa¬ dowego wapna wzglednie krzemianów wap¬ niowych.Sporzadzone wedlug wynalazku silnie zasadowe produkty alkaliczno-fosforowe sa nawet przy bardzo wysokiej zawartosci kwasu fosforowego juz zupelnie roztworzo¬ ne i rozpuszczalne w kwasie cytrynowym i rozczynie cytrynianu amonowego. Ich skladniki zasadowe mozna w sposób opi¬ sany w patencie glównym, szczególnie przez dzialanie gazowemi tlenkami azotu, zamienic latwo w zwiazki azotowe.Jesli stosuje sie, jak przewidziano w glównym patencie, jako srodek do roztwa¬ rzania kwasu fosforowego skalenie potaso¬ we i wapno to oprócz wartosciowych alka* ljów wprowadza sie do produktu wskutek rozkladu skalenia wielki balast krzemianu i glinianu wapniowego, a przez to obniza sie znacznie zawartosc potasu i kwasu fos¬ forowego. Szczególnie niekorzystnem jest zwiekszanie zawartosci krzemianów i gli¬ nianów przez dodanie skaleni przy prze¬ róbce fosforanów, zawierajacych wiele krzemionki, glinki i zelaza, jak koprolity.Te wady odpadaja przy zastosowaniu przedlozonej metody.Okazalo sie dalej, ze gazowe tlenki a- zotu nagryzaja krzemiany wapniowe sto¬ sunkowo trudno. Przy wysokiej zawarto¬ sci krzemianów wapniowych moze przeto zwiazek fosforowy przyjac tylko stosunko¬ wo malo azotu. Natomiast odbywa sie chlonieme azotu o wiele predzej i w znacz¬ nie wyzszym stopniu, gdy produkt, wycho¬ dzacy z procesu zarzenia lub stapiania Jest bogaty w tlenek alkaliczny.Przedlozony wynalazek przedstawia za¬ tem te korzysc, ze mozna sporzadzac na¬ wozy mieszane, które sa znacznie obfitsze Druk L. Boguslaw: w azot, kwas fosforowy i potas, niz nawo¬ zy wedlug glównego patentu. Dalsza ko¬ rzysc polega na tern, ze redukuje sie znacz¬ nie wysoka zawartosc wapna, która jest nieunikniona przy zastosowaniu patentu glównego, celem osiagniecia dobrych roz¬ tworów. Wskutek tego przy dzialaniu na produkt roztwarzania gazowemi tlenkami azotu powstaje zamiast silnie higroskopij- nego azotanu wapniowego wiecej azotanu potasowego £ sodowego, przez co nawóz mieszany polepsza sie pod wzgledem trwa¬ losci w magazynowaniu i przydatnosci do rozsypywania.Wedlug przedlozonego wynalazku moz¬ na dojsc do wysoko procentowych miesza¬ nych nawozów azotowo-fosforowych i azo- towo-fosforowo-potasowych, wychodzac od malowartosciowych fosforanów surowych i np. wody amonjakalnej lub azotu z powie¬ trza bez zastosowania kwasu siarkowego.Ma to wielkie znaczenie gospodarcze, al¬ bowiem przy zwyklem sporzadzaniu super- fosfatu amonjakalnego traci sie w glebie jako bezwartosciowy balast nawozu drogi kwas siarkowy, potrzebny do zwiazania a- monjaku jak i do sporzadzenia superfosfatu. PLThe longest duration of the patent until October 6, 1939. The main patent protects the method of fertilization, which consists in the fact that phosphates are dissolved by steaming, sintering or fusing with potassium feldspar with the addition of basic substances, such as Calcium or soda, and then nitrogen is introduced into the products obtained by the action of nitrogen oxides or other suitable nitrogen compounds. This method changes according to the present invention in such a way that for dissolution of phosphates, potassium is used instead of basic alkali compounds, especially alkali silicates or materials, which under the given conditions can produce these bodies. Suitable pulping agents include, for example, sodium or potassium sulphate, which at high temperature decomposes into oxide or alkali sulphate and silica, which at high temperature form alkali silicates. all natural phosphates are silica and clay, which, when boiled or fused with alkaline salts, turn into clay and alkali silicates, often makes a separate addition of silica unnecessary. In the case of phosphates, which contain a great deal of silica and clay, it may be desirable to add a certain amount of lime in addition to the alkaline salts. In the case of calcium-rich phosphates, it contains phosphate formed in the process of glow or melting, besides the alkali, of course, also appropriate amounts of basic lime or calcium silicates. dissolved and soluble in citric acid and ammonium citrate. Their basic constituents can be easily transformed into nitrogen compounds as described in the main patent, especially by treatment with nitrogen oxides. If used, as envisaged in the main patent, potassium feldspar and lime are used as a dissolving agent for phosphoric acid. apart from valuable alcohols, a large ballast of silicate and calcium aluminate is introduced into the product due to the decomposition of feldspar, and thus the potassium and phosphoric acid content is significantly reduced. It is particularly disadvantageous to increase the content of silicates and aluminates by the addition of feldspars during the processing of phosphates, containing many silica, clay and iron, such as coprolytes. These disadvantages are eliminated by the elaborated method. calcium is relatively difficult. With a high content of calcium silicates, therefore, the phosphorus compound can only take up relatively little nitrogen. On the other hand, nitrogen is absorbed much sooner and to a much greater extent when the product of the glow or melting process is rich in alkali oxide. The present invention therefore presents the advantage that mixed fertilizers can be formulated are much more abundant Druk L. Boguslaw: in nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potassium, than fertilizers according to the main patent. A further advantage is that the high lime content which is unavoidable with the application of the master patent, in order to obtain good solutions, is significantly reduced. As a result, in the treatment of the pulping product with nitrogen oxides, more potassium sodium nitrate is formed instead of the highly hygroscopic calcium nitrate, whereby the mixed fertilizer is improved in terms of storage stability and spreadability. According to the invention, it is possible to achieve high percentages of mixed nitrogen-phosphorus and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizers, starting from picturesque crude phosphates and, for example, ammoniacal water or nitrogen from the air without the use of sulfuric acid. This is of great economic importance, because with the usual use of In the preparation of ammoniacal superphosphate, the road sulfuric acid, which is needed for the ammonium binding and for the preparation of superphosphate, is lost in the soil as a worthless fertilizer ballast. PL
Claims (1)
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| PL2019B3 true PL2019B3 (en) | 1925-05-30 |
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