PL170155B1 - Method of scavenging cylinders of a four-stroke internal combustion engine and system therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

A cylinder flushing system for a four-stroke internal combustion engine consisting of three valves and a ventilation chamber, characterized in that the axes of the intake and exhaust valves form an angle of 90 degrees between them.

Description

The subject of the invention is a cylinder washing system for a four-stroke internal combustion engine.

The prior art discloses, for example, two inventions, the purpose of which is to increase the cylinder flushing of a four-stroke internal combustion engine by means of a ventilation chamber and a three-valve timing system, presented in French patent description: 2455175 dated April 23, 1979, and Russian number: 1668713A1 dated 04/08/1989

The subject of the French invention is a cylinder flushing system for a four-stroke internal combustion engine using three valves and a ventilation chamber. An inlet and outlet valve as well as a main ventilation valve serving as an inlet and outlet valve are embedded in the ventilation chamber, with the inlet and outlet valves positioned opposite to each other and at the same time perpendicular to the main vent valve.

The subject of the Russian invention is also a cylinder flushing system for a four-stroke internal combustion engine with the use of three valves and a ventilation chamber. The ventilating chamber houses an inlet and outlet valve and a main vent valve that functions as an inlet and outlet valve - all valves being mutually parallel.

Both of the presented solutions significantly improve the flushing of the cylinders of the four-stroke internal combustion engine without the need to supercharge the engine, due to the large passage area of the valves, however, they have the drawback of a large capacity of the ventilation chamber and unfavorable thermodynamics of the gases moving in it.

The essence of the cylinder flushing system of the four-stroke internal combustion engine according to the invention consists in the fact that it has a ventilation chamber in which an inlet and outlet valve are mounted, and a main ventilation valve that functions as an inlet and outlet valve, with the inlet and outlet valves forming a right angle between them.

In the flushing system with valves situated at right angles, the engine achieves the highest efficiency due to the minimized to technical limits, the capacity of the ventilation chamber and its optimal shape due to the thermodynamics of the gases moving in it.

The cylinder flushing system of the four-stroke internal combustion engine according to the invention provides:

a) high pressure in the intake manifold during maximum power delivery,

b) high degree of filling the cylinder with fresh load compared to the conventional system, as well as the described contradictory inventions,

c) sudden discharge of expanding exhaust gases,

d) a high degree of the co-opening phase of the valves in the ventilation chamber, which will ensure the possibility of accurate combustion of the exhaust gases and thus increase its environmental friendliness,

e) a favorable indicator diagram showing the difference between positive and negative work, i.e. the gain of power given by the engine minus the power loss needed to perform its own work, is disproportionately greater compared to the conventional and the described opposite engines.

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Another advantage is the fact that with valves constituting a half of the cylinder base area, the efficiency of exchanging the medium sucked into the cylinder and exhaust gases discharged from it increases by 44.443% compared to a conventional five-valve engine, and by 36.933% with a four-valve engine - which gives an average of 40.94% . The engine with the valve system according to the invention allows a reduction in fuel consumption when using direct injection into the cylinder - which is a necessity due to the valve timing - and the possibility of increasing the compression ratio when using injection in the compression stroke by about 50% compared to conventional engines, and about 20% to the described opposing engines.

The cylinder washing system of the four-stroke internal combustion engine according to the invention is illustrated in the embodiment in the drawing. As shown, the system has a ventilation chamber 1 in which an intake 2 valve, an exhaust 3 valve and a main vent valve 4 are seated beneath the piston 5. The main ventilation valve functions as an intake and exhaust valve. The ventilation chamber 1 is mounted on the fuselage 6. The inlet and outlet valves form an alpha angle between them equal to 90 degrees.

The inventor designed the head according to the invention to fit the cylinder of the 175 cm3 two-stroke internal combustion engine "Jawa". This engine was redesigned for the purposes of the invention to function as a four-stroke engine. Appropriate parameters of the cams controlling the valves adapted from the "Star" truck, constituting about 50% of the base of the engine cylinder surface, were made on a numerical grinder. Moreover, the following elements were adapted: injection pump from a diesel engine, injector, ignition unit from the passenger car "Fiat" 126p. The original foot drive was used to start the engine, which gave too little torque, although preliminary analyzes were made. During direct injection into the cylinder, both in the intake and compression stroke, there were rapid, irregular exhaust gas outlets caused by too much fuel, which could not be adjusted without re-designing the injector, i.e. adding a new, smaller diameter needle and matching the injector tip, which is the largest a shortcoming of the structure identical to the financial capacity of the creator. Tests were carried out at different angles of opening of the intake pipe throttle, it was found that the violence of the exhaust outlet was the greatest in the absence of throttling of the intake and there was a risk of engine damage, i.e. cylinder breakage. In the course of supplying the engine with the original carburetor, which is not correct (experiment needs), the fuel combustion in the cylinder and the ventilation chamber was systematically achieved. As a result, the engine temperature rose to around 60 degrees Celsius. This proves that the timing system is correctly made, and the fuel dose supplied by the injector is too high.

The inventor treats the constructed engine as a pre-prototype, which, however, after making a few improvements based on an appropriate fund, may be the basis for more advanced empirical works.

The invention can be used, after adapting to its needs modern electronic control and technology, for flushing high-speed four-stroke diesel engines without restrictions and gasoline (also ecological fuels) with direct injection into the cylinder or the pre-chamber connected to the cylinder through a channel.

Publishing Department of the UP RP. Circulation of 90 copies

Price PLN 2.00

Claims (1)

Patent claim A cylinder flushing system for a four-stroke internal combustion engine consisting of three valves and a ventilation chamber, characterized in that the axes of the intake and exhaust valves form an angle of 90 degrees between them.