PL150298B1 - - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a hydraulic fluid which is a water-in-oil emulsion. Water-in-oil emulsions have been widely accepted as fire-resistant hydraulic fluids generally in industry, in coal mines and in rolling mills where there is a risk of fire. These hydraulic fluids are generally used in applications where the fluid may splash or drip from a break or leak to an ignition source, such as a ladle with a molten metal or a gas flame. Such conditions often occur in pressure casting machines or presses located close to the furnaces. Typically such hydraulic fluids consist of a continuous oil phase, a dispersed aqueous phase, at least one emulsifier and one or more functional additives such as rust inhibitors, hypoid agents, foam inhibitors, freezing point depressants, bactericides, antioxidants. , etc. Examples of such hydraulic fluids are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,255,108, 3,269,946, 3,281,356, 3,114, 561, 3,378,494, 3,629,119, and 4,225,447. water-in-oil is that they tend to wear metal parts of pumps and other equipment with which they come into contact. The aqueous phase, although dispersed in the oil phase, presents wear problems not encountered in the case of first-distillation oil compositions. Another problem is that the water phase tends to corrode the metal parts it is in contact with. Water phase additives which have hitherto been used to reduce wear and / or corrosion have the disadvantage of having a tendency to "precipitate out of the emulsion, especially when the water content decreases during use. On the other hand, no additives are used. to the water phase is undesirable as it is often impossible to achieve satisfactory wear and / or corrosion resistance by using additives dissolved in the oil phase only.2 150 298 An advantage of the present invention is that it provides stable water-in-oil emulsions. A particular advantage of the invention is that it provides functional additives to the aqueous phase which improve the performance of such fluids in inhibiting rust and preventing wear of the equipment. The hydraulic fluid according to the invention comprises (A) continuous oil phase / B / dispersed aqueous phase, / C / emulsifier and / D / rust inhibitor, in particular borate, molybdate and / or phosphate, dissolved in the aqueous phase, and a feature of this hydraulic fluid is that it contains as emulsifier at least one salt derived from at least one containing a hydrocarbon substituent of succinic acid or succinic anhydride or an ester or amide derivative of the acid or anhydride, wherein the hydrocarbyl substituent in said acid or anhydride or derivatives thereof has an average of from about 20 to about 500 carbon atoms, and at least one amine. The term "hydrocarbyl" as used herein includes substantially hydrocarbyl groups as well as pure hydrocarbyl groups. The designation of these groups as basic hydrocarbons means that they do not contain any non-hydrocarbon substituents or non-carbon atoms that would significantly affect the hydrocarbon characteristics or properties of these groups important for their application as described above. Non-limiting examples of substituents that do not significantly change The hydrocarbyl characteristics or general nature of the hydrocarbyl groups according to the present invention include: ether groups (especially hydrocarbyl groups such as phenoxy, benzyloxy, methoxy, n-butoxy, etc., and especially alkoxy groups of up to about 10 carbon atoms) ), oxo groups (e.g. -O- bonds in the main carbon chain), nitro groups, triethyl groups (especially C 1 -C 6 -alkyl thioether groups), thia groups (e.g. -S- bonds in the main carbon chain), hydrocarbonyl groups (e.g. -C / = 0 / -O-hydrocarbon), sulfonyl groups (e.g. / 0 = / - S - / = 0 / -in hydrogen), sulfinyl groups (e.g. -S - / = 0 / -hydrocarbon). This list is illustrative only and is not intended to be exhaustive, so the omission of a group of substituents does not imply that it should be excluded. Generally, when such substituents are present, their number will not exceed 2 for every 10 carbon atoms in the substantially hydrocarbyl group, and preferably not more than 1 for every 10 carbon atoms, as this number of substituents usually does not significantly affect the hydrogen carbon characteristics. and group properties. Nevertheless, it is preferred that the hydrocarbyl groups do not contain non-hydrocarbyl groups, i.e., hydrocarbyl groups composed exclusively of carbon and hydrogen are preferred. The "lower" octesation used in the specification and claims in conjunction with such terms as alkyl, alkenyl, and alkoxy, etc., refers to groups of up to 7 carbon atoms. The term "water-soluble" refers to materials which dissolve in water at 25 ° C to a concentration of at least 1 g / 100 ml of water. The term "insoluble in oil" "applies to materials that are insoluble in mineral oil to a degree that, at 25 ° C, a concentration of more than about 1 g / 100 ml of oil. The term" functional amount "refers to the amount of additive sufficient to give the additive the desired properties consistent with the intended purpose its addition. For example, when the additive is a rust inhibitor, the functional amount of such rust inhibitor would be sufficient to improve the ability of the emulsion to which it is added to inhibit rust. Likewise, when the additive is an anti-wear agent, the functional amount of this additive would be sufficient to improve the emulsion to which it is added to prevent wear of the equipment. 150 298 3 Oil phase / A / water-in-water emulsion. According to the invention, the oil phase is a continuous oil phase, while the water phase / B / is a dispersed water phase dispersed in the oil phase / A /. The functional additive / D / is dissolved in the dispersed aqueous phase / B /. The emulsifying salt / C / stabilizes emulsions. The functional additive (D) is preferably a rust inhibitor and / or an anti-wear agent such as, for example, phosphate, borate or molybdate. In such hydraulic fluids, the oil phase (A) is preferably from about 40% to about 70% by weight, and more preferably from about 50% to about 65% by weight, of the total weight of the emulsion. The aqueous phase (B) is preferably from about 30% to about 60% by weight, and more preferably from about 35% to about 50% by weight, of the total weight of the emulsion. The component (C) present in these hydraulic fluids is preferably from about 2.5% to about 25% by weight, and more preferably from about 5% to about 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the oil phase (A). The amount of functional additive (D) is preferably from about 0.2% to about 20% by weight, and more preferably from about 0.5 to about 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the aqueous (B/) phase. These emulsions may also contain additional additives improving the properties of these emulsions. These additives are discussed in more detail later in the description. The oil that can be used in the emulsions of the invention may be a hydrocarbon oil with a viscosity of about 20 SUS (Saybolt Universal Seconds) at 40 ° C to about 2500 SUS at 40 ° C. . Mineral oils with lubricating properties (eg SAE - 5 - 90) can be used. Oils from various sources are suitable for use, including natural and synthetic oils and their mixtures. Natural oils include animal and vegetable oils (e.g. castor oil, lard oil) as well as refined solvents or acid-refined mineral lubricating oils such as paraffinic oils, naphthenic oils, and mixed paraffinic-naphthenic oils. Oils with a lubricating viscosity obtained from coal or bituminous shale are also useful. Synthetic lubricating oils include hydrocarbon oils and halogen-substituted hydrocarbon oils such as olefin polymers or copolymers (e.g. polybutylenes, polypropylenes, propylene and isobutylene copolymers, chlorinated polybutylenes, etc.), alkylbenzenes (e.g. dodecylbenzenes, dinonylbenzenes, di (2-ethylhexyl) benzenes, etc.), polyphenols (e.g. biphenyls, terphenyls, etc.), etc. Polymers and copolymers of alkylene oxides and their derivatives in which the terminal hydroxyl groups have been modified by esterification, etherification, etc., represent another class of known synthetic lubricating oils. Examples of these are oils obtained by polymerization of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, alkyl and aryl ethers of such polyoxyalkylene polymers (e.g. polyisopropylene glycol methyl ether with an average molecular weight of around 1000, polyethylene glycol diphenyl ether with an average molecular weight of 500-1000 diethylene glycol ethylene glycol, polypropylene with a molecular weight of about 1000 - 1500, etc.), or their mono- or polycarboxylic esters, for example acetic acid esters, mixed C1-CQ-fatty acid esters or a C1-C6-tetraethylene glycol diester. Another appropriate group of synthetic lubricating oils are esters of dicarboxylic acids (e.g. phthalic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, linoleic acid dimer, etc.) and various alcohols ( e.g. butanol, hexanol, dodecyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, penta-erythritol, etc.). Specific examples of these esters are dibutyl adipate, di (2-ethylhexyl sebacate), di-n-hexyl fumarate, dioctyl sebacate, dioctyl azelaate, diisodecyl azelate, dioctyl phthalate, dimecyl phthalate, divalecyl phthalate, dibacyl linhexyl sebacate. ester made by reacting 1 mole of sebacic acid with 2 moles of tetraethylene glycol and 2 moles of 2-ethylcaproponic acid, etc. 4 150 298 Another useful group of synthetic lubricants forms silicone-based oils, such as polyalkyl-, polyaryl-, polyalkoxy or polyaryloxysiloxane and silicate oils (e.g., tetraethyl silicate, tetraisopropyl silicate, tetras (2-ethylhexyl silicate), tetra (4-methyl-2-tetraethyl silicate), tetra (p-tertiary-butylphenyl silicate), hexyl [beta] -methylpentoxyl-2 (disiloxane, semi-methylsiloxanes, poly (methylphenyl) siloxanes, etc.). Other synthetic oils include liquid esters of phosphorus-containing acids (e.g., tricresyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, decanephosphonic acid diethyl ester, etc.), polymeric tetrahydrofurans, etc. In the emulsions of the invention, unrefined, refined and refined oils (and mixtures thereof) may be used. Unrefined oils are those obtained directly from natural or synthetically sources without further purification treatment. For example, the unrefined oil is bituminous shale oil obtained directly from retort operations, petroleum oil obtained directly by distillation or ester-type oil obtained directly by distillation or an ester-type oil obtained directly in the esterification process, then used without further treatment. Refined oils are similar to unrefined oils, except, however, that they have been further processed in one or more purification steps to improve their properties of one or more kinds. Many such purification techniques are known to those skilled in the art, e.g., extraction with solvents, extraction with acids or bases, filtration, percolation, etc. Refined oils are obtained by processes similar to those for refined oils, including refined oils already in use. . Such refined oils are also known as regenerated oils or recovered oils and are often post-treated by techniques to remove spent additives and oil breakdown products. The hydrocarbon substituent carboxylic acid or anhydride or ester or amide derivative of this acid or anhydride produces by reacting one or more olefinic 06, ft, -unsaturated carboxylic acid reactants containing from 2 to about 20 carbon atoms, excluding carboxylic carbon atoms, and one or more olefin polymers containing at least 20 carbon atoms which is described in more detail below. c ^ f / i - The olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acids can be monobasic or polybasic in nature. Examples of monobasic inowoC, β-unsaturated quarboxylic acids are the carboxylic acids of formula I in which R is hydrogen or a saturated aliphatic or alicyclic group, aryl group, alkylaryl group or heterocyclic group, preferably hydrogen or a lower alkyl group, and R * represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group. The total number of carbon atoms in the R groups and the line should exceed about 18. Particular examples of useful olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acids are acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, cinnamic acid, crotonic acid, 2-phenylethenecarboxylic acid, acidic acid, fibrous acid, nonenecarboxylic, etc. The polybasic acids are preferably dicarboxylic acids, although tricarboxylic and tetracarboxylic acids can also be used. Examples of polybasic acids are maleic acid, fumaric acid, mesalconic acid, itaconic acid, and citraconic acid. Reagents of the O- / 3- olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid type may also be functional derivatives of these acids, being their anhydrides, esters or amides. A preferred reactant of the olefinic ° C, β3-unsaturated carboxylic acid type is maleic anhydride. Methods for the preparation of such functional derivatives are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art and can be described satisfactorily with regard to the reagents used to form these derivatives. Thus, for example, ester derivatives to be used in accordance with the present invention may be prepared by esterifying monohydric or polyhydric alcohols or epoxy compounds with any of the above-described acids or anhydrides. Amide derivatives may be prepared by treating any of the above-described acids or anhydrides. reaction with ammonia, primary amines, and secondary amines. The following amines and alcohols can be used to prepare these functional derivatives. Generally, the hydrocarbyl substituents present in the hydrocarbyl-containing carboxylic acids or anhydrides or ester or amide derivatives are free of acetylene-type unsaturated bonds; Ethylene unsaturated bonds, when present, generally have an amount of no more than one ethylene bond for each carbon-carbon bond in the substituent. The substituents are often completely saturated and therefore contain no ethylenic unsaturation. The average number of carbon atoms in these hydrocarbyl substituents is from about 20 to about 500, preferably from about 30 to about 500, and more preferably from about 40 to about 500, and even more preferably from about 50 to about 500. The hydrocarbons are preferably hydrocarbyl, alkyl or alkenyl groups. These hydrocarbyl substituents can be derived from olefin polymers or their chlorinated analogs. The olefin monomers derived from the olefin polymers are polymerizable olefins and monomers characterized by the presence of one or more ethylenically unsaturated groups. These can be mono-olefin monomers such as ethylene, propylene, butene-1, isobutene and octene-1, or polyolefin monomers (usually diolefin eonomers such as 1,3-butadiene and isoprene). Typically these monomers are terminal olefins, i.e. olefins characterized by the presence of the 2 ^ OCHp group. However, certain internal olefins (sometimes called media olefins) may also be used as monomers. When such media olefins are used, they are used in conjunction with terminal olefins to form copolymer olefin polymers. However, aromatic groups may also be hydrocarbon substituents (especially phenyl groups and phenyl groups substituted with lower and / or lower alkyl groups). alkoxy groups such as para-tert.-butylphenyl groups) and alycyclic groups such as may be obtained from polymerizable cyclic olefins or polymerizable cyclic olefins bearing alicyclic substituents, however, olefinic polymers are usually free of such groups. However, exceptions to this general rule are olefinic polymers made from copolymers of 1,3-diene with styrene, such as 1,3-butadiene and styrene or p-III-butylstyrene. In general, olefinic polymers are homo- or terminal copolymers of hydrocarbon olefins having from about 2 to about 16 carbon atoms. The more typical group of olefin polymers is selected from homo- and terminal copolymers of olefins with from about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms, in particular from about 2 to about 4 carbon atoms. Specific examples of terminal and medial olefin monomers which may be prepared from These olefinic polymers from which the hydrocarbon substituents are derived are ethylene, propylene, butene-1, butene-2, isobutene, pentene-1, hexene-1, heptene-1, octene-1, nonene-1, decene-1 , pentene-2, propylene tetramer, diisobutylene, isobutylene trimer, 1,2-butadiene, 1,3-butadiene, 1,3-pentadiene, 1,3-pentadiene, isoprene, 1,5-hexadiene, 2-chlorobutadiene -1,3 # 2-methylheptene-1,3-cyclohexylbutene-11,3; 3-dimethylpentene-1, styrenedivinylbenzene, vinyl acetate, allyl alcohol, 1-methylvinyl acetate, acrylonitrile, ethyl acrylate, ethyl ether and methyl vinyl ketone. Among them, pure hydrocarbon monomers are preferred, and olefinic thermal monomers are particularly preferred. 6 150 298 Particularly preferred olefin polymers are polyisobutene, such as that obtained by polymerizing the product C1 of the petroleum refining process, with a butene content of about 30 to about 60. by weight, carried out in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst such as aluminum chloride or boron trifluoride. These polyisobutenes contain predominantly isobutene repeating units of the formula II (i.e., in excess of about 8096 by weight based on the total mass of the repeating units). The preferred acids and anhydrides are the hydrocarbon-based succinic acids and the anhydrides of the formula III or 4, in which "hyd" is a hydrocarbon substituent. Hydrocarbyl-containing carboxylic acids and anhydrides and their ester and amide derivatives can be prepared by any of several known methods described in the following United States, United Kingdom, and Canada patents: U.S. Patent Nos. 3 172 892, 3 215 707, 3 219 666, 3 024 237, 3 087 936, 3 231 587, 3 245 910, 3 254 025, 3 271 310, 3 272 743, 3 272 746, 3 278 550, 3 288 714, 3 307 928, 3 312 619, 3 341 542, 3 367 943, 3 373 111, 3 374 174, 3 381 022, 3 394 179, 3 454 607, 3 346 354, 3 470 098 , 3 630 902, 3 652 616, 3 755 169, 3 868 330, 3 912 764 and 4 36 8,133, in British Patent Nos. 944 136, 1,085,903, 1,162,436 and 1,440,219 and Canadian Patent No. 956,397. One of the production processes containing a hydrocarbon substituent of carboxylic acids and anhydrides and ester and amide derivatives has been partially illustrated in US Pat. No. 3,219,666. This process is conveniently referred to as the "two-step process". In this process, the olefin polymer is first chlorinated until an average of at least one chlorine atom based on the molecular weight of the polymer is obtained (for the purposes of the present invention, the molecular weight of the olefin polymer is taken as a weight corresponding to the Mn value). Chlorination is simply the contact of the olefin polymer with gaseous chloride until a desired amount of chlorine is introduced into the chlorinated polyolefin. The chlorination is generally carried out at a temperature of about 75 ° C to about 125 ° C. When a diluent is used in the chlorination process, it should be a substance that does not readily undergo further chlorination. Examples of suitable diluents are alkanes and benzenes that are poly- or fully chlorinated and / or fluorinated. The second step of the two-step chlorination process is the chlorinated reaction. polyolefins with an olefinic-type (3-unsaturated carboxylic acid) reagent, typically at a temperature of from about 100 ° C to about 200 ° C. The molar ratio of chlorinated polyolefin to carboxylic acid type reagent is generally about 1: 1. (For the purposes of the present invention, a molecular weight of 1 mole of chlorinated polyolefin is assumed to correspond to the Mn value of the non-chlorinated polyolefin). However, a stoichiometric excess of a carboxylic acid-type reagent may be used, e.g. in a 1: 2 molar ratio. If, in the chlorination step, an average of more than 1 chlorine atom is introduced into 1 molecule of a polyolefin, more than 1 mole of a carboxylic acid-type reagent can be reacted with the chlorinated polyalkane, based on 1 mole of it. In view of these situations, it is more convenient to describe the ratio of chlorinated polyolefin to carboxylic acid type reagent as the ratio of the number of equivalents. (For the purposes of the present invention, the molecular mass of a chlorinated polyolefin is taken as the value of the mass obtained by dividing the corresponding Mn value by the average number of chlorine atoms in 1 molecule of the chlorinated polyolefin. The molecular mass of the carboxylic acid-type reagent is taken as the equivalent mass). Thus, the ratio of chlorinated polyolefin to carboxylic acid-type reagent will typically be such that about 1 equivalent of carboxylic acid-type reagent will be for each mole of chlorinated polyolefin, i.e., approximately 1 equivalent of carboxylic-acid-type reagent will be for each chlorinated equivalent. polyolefin, and it should be understood that it is usually desirable to use an excess of the carboxylic acid reagent, e.g., an excess of from about 5% to about 25% by weight. The unreacted excess of the carboxylic acid reagent may be stripped from the reaction product, usually under vacuum, or reacted in a further process step, as explained below. The resulting polyolefinic carboxylic acid or anhydride or ester or amide derivative is optionally rechlorinated if in a further process. the product does not have the prescribed number of carboxyl groups. If this number exists, any excess carboxylic acid reagent from the second stage reacts with the additional amount of chlorine introduced during the rechlorination. If not, additional carboxylic acid reagent is introduced during and / or after the additional chlorination step. This procedure can be repeated until the desired total number of carboxyl groups based on the equivalent mass of the substituent groups is obtained. Another method of producing carboxylic acids containing hydrocarbon substituents and derivatives used to produce component (C) of the emulsion according to the invention is based on the process described in the description. U.S. Patent No. 3,912,764 and British Patent No. 1,440,219. In this process, a polyolefin and a carboxylic acid reagent are first reacted and heated together in a direct alkylation process. After completion of the direct alkylation step, chlorine is introduced into the reaction mixture to effect the reaction of the unreacted residue of the carboxylic acid reagent. According to these patents, 0.3-2 or more moles of carboxylic acid reagent are used in the reaction for each mole of olefin polymer. The direct alkylation step is carried out at a temperature of about 180 ° C to about 250 ° C. A temperature of from about 160 ° C to about 225 ° C is used in the chlorine introduction step. A preferred method for preparing the hydrocarbyl-containing carboxylic acids and derivatives used to prepare the emulsion component (C) of the invention is the so-called "one-step" process. This process is described in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,215,707 and 3,231,587. In essence, this one-step process consists in producing a mixture of polyolefin and a carboxylic acid-type reagent containing both components in the amounts necessary to obtain the desired amounts of The hydrocarbyl substituent of carboxylic acids or derivatives according to the present invention. The chlorine is then introduced into the mixture, usually by bubbling chlorine gas through the stirred mixture, the mixture being kept at a temperature of at least about 140 ° C. A variation of this method is that an additional amount of the carboxylic acid reagent is added during or after the chlorine feed has been terminated. Typically, when the polyolefin is sufficiently liquid at 140 ° C and above, it is unnecessary to use an additional substantially inert solvent / diluent that is liquid under normal conditions in the one-step process. However, as explained previously, if a solvent / diluent is used, it is preferably a chlorination resistant material. Again, for this purpose alkanes, cycloalkanes and benzenes which are fully or completely clear and / or fluorinated can be used. In the one-step process, chlorine can be introduced continuously or intermittently. The rate of chlorine injection is not critical, but for maximum use of chlorine, this rate should be approximately equal to the rate of chlorine consumption during the reaction. When the rate of chlorine introduction exceeds its wear rate, the chlorine separates from the reaction mixture. It is often preferred to use a closed system operating at superatmospheric pressure to avoid chlorine loss and optimize its use.8 150 298 The maximum temperature at which the reaction in a one-step process is satisfactorily speeded is about 140 ° C. Thus the minimum temperature at which the process is normally carried out is approximately 140 ° C. A preferred temperature range is from about 160 ° C to about 220 ° C. Higher temperatures, e.g. 250 ° C or even higher, may be used, but usually this has little benefit. In fact, temperatures above 220 ° C are often disadvantageous as polyolefins then tend to "crack" (i.e., their molecular weight drops). as a result of thermal decomposition) and / or decomposition of the carboxylic acid reagent. For this reason, the maximum temperature of about 200 ° C. to about 210 ° C. is usually not exceeded. The upper limit of the range of useful temperatures in the one-step process is determined primarily by the decomposition temperature of the components of the reaction mixture and the desired products. The decomposition temperature is the temperature at which any of the reactants or products decompose to such an extent that they interfere with the formation of the desired products. In the one-step process, the molar ratio of the carboxylic acid reactant to chlorine is such that the product is fed with at least about 1 ml of chlorine per each mole of carboxylic acid reagent. Additionally, for practical reasons a slight excess of chlorine, usually from about 5% to about 30% by weight, is used to make up for any loss of chlorine from the reaction mixture. Larger amounts of chlorine may be used, but does not appear to have given any beneficial results. Alcohols useful in the preparation of ester derivatives containing a hydrocarbon substituent of the carboxylic acid type (C // 1) are compounds of the general formula - (OH), wherein R. is a monovalent or polyvalent organic group attached to the -OH groups by carbon-oxygen bonds (i.e., -COH when the carbon is not part of the carbonyl group), and m is an integer from 1 to about 10, preferably from 2 to about 6. These alcohols may be aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic alcohols, including cycloaliphatic alcohols substituted with aliphatic substituents, aromatic alcohols substituted with aliphatic substituents, heterocyclic alcohols substituted with aliphatic substituents, heterocyclic alcohols, heterocyclic aliphatic alcohols substituted with cycloaliphatic substituents aliphatic aliphatic alcohols, , substituted with p Aliphatic alcohols, heterocyclic substituents, cycloaliphatic alcohols, and aromatic alcohols substituted with heterocyclic substituents. With the exception of polyoxyalkylene alcohols, monohydric and polyhydric alcohols of the formula Rj- / OH / m preferably contain no more than 40, more preferably no more than about 20 carbon atoms. The alcohols may contain substituents or non-hydrocarbyl groups which do not interfere with the reaction of the alcohols with the carboxylic acids or anhydrides containing the hydrocarbyl substituents of the present invention. Such substituents or non-hydrocarbyl groups include a lower alkoxy group, a lower alkyl group, a mercapto group, a nitro group and a nitro group. such as -O- and -S- (e.g. in groups such as -C ^ C ^^ - CH6CJ ^ -, where X is -O- or -S -). Among polyoxyalkylene alcohols suitable for ester There are commercially available polyoxyalkylene alcohols, including polyethoxylated amines, amides, and tertiary salts supplied by Armcur Industrial Chemical Co., i.e. polyethoxylated high molecular weight aliphatic diamines called Ethoduomeen, polyethoxylated aliphatic amines containing about 8 alkyl groups -18 carbon atoms named Ethomeen, polyethoxylated high molecular weight amides named Ethomid and polyoxylated Fourth-order ammonium chlorides derived from long-chain amines named Ethoquad.150 293 9 Useful polyoxyalkylene alcohols and their derivatives are hydrocarbon ethers and esters of carboxylic acids obtained by reacting alcohols with various carboxylic acids. Examples of hydrocarbyl groups are alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkylaryl, aralkyl, alkylaralkyl, etc. having from about 40 carbon atoms. Specific hydrocarbyl groups are methyl, butyl, dodecyl, tolyl, phenyl, naphthyl, dodecylphenyl, p-octylphenylethyl, cyclohexyl, etc. Carboxylic acids useful in the preparation of ester derivatives are mono- and polycarboxylic acids. acetic acid, valeric acid, lauric acid, stearic acid, succinic acid, and alkyl or alkenyl substituted succinic acids in which the alkyl or alkenyl group contains up to about 20 carbon atoms. Representatives of this group of alcohols are commercially available from a variety of sources, such as, for example, Pluronic preparations, polyols supplied by Wyandotte Chemicals Corporation, Polyglycol 112-2, liquid triol obtained from ethylene oxide and propylene oxide and supplied by Dow Chemical Co. and the preparations of Tergitol, dodecylphenyl or nonylphenyl ethers of polyethylene glycol and the preparations of UCONS, polyalkylene glycols and various derivatives thereof, supplied by Union Carbide Corporation. The alcohols used must, however, on average contain at least 1 free alcohol moiety in each molecule of the polyoxyalkylene alcohol. For the description of these polyoxyalkylene alcohols, it should be noted that the alcoholic hydroxyl group is a group attached to a carbon atom which is not part of the aromatic ring. Useful alcohols also include alkylene glycols and polyoxyalkylene alcohols such as polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene alcohols, and alcohols. polyoxybutylene alcohols, etc. These polyoxyalkylene alcohols (sometimes called polyglycols) can contain up to about 150 oxyalkylene groups with about 2-8 carbon atoms. Such polyoxyalkylene alcohols are normally dihydric alcohols. This means that the molecule contains an OH group at both ends. To be useful these polyoxyalkylene alcohols must contain at least one such group. The second OH group may, however, be esterified with a monobasic, aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid containing about 20 carbon atoms, such as acetic acid, propionic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, benzoic acid, etc. Single ethers of these alkylene glycols are also useful. and polyoxyalkylene glycols. These include the monoaryl ethers, monoalkyl ethers and monoaralkyl ethers of these alkylene glycols and polyoxyalkylene glycols. These groups of alcohols can be represented by the formula 5 where R. and RR independently represent alkylene groups of about 2 to 8 carbon atoms, and Rp is aryl group (e.g. phenyl), lower alkoxyphenyl group, lower alkylphenyl group, lower alkyl group (e.g. ethyl, propyl, tertiary butyl, pentyl, etc.), or aralkyl (e.g. benzyl, phenyl oethyl) , phenylpropyl, p-ethylphenylethyl, etc.), and p is a number from zero to about 8, preferably from about 2 to 4. Useful are polyoxyalkylene glycols in which the alkylene groups are ethylene or propylene groups, and p is at least 2 as well as the monoethers described above. Useful monohydric and polyhydric alcohols include monohydroxy and polyhydroxyaromatic compounds. Preferred hydroxyaromatic compounds are monohydric and polyhydric phenols and naphthols. These hydroxy-substituted aromatic compounds may contain, in addition to the hydroxyl substituents, other substituents, such as a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkylmercapto group, a nitro group, etc. Typically, the hydroxy aromatic compound contains from 1 to about 4 hydroxyl groups. . The hydroxyaromatics are exemplified by the following specific examples: phenol, p-chlorophenol, p-nitrophenol, p-naphthol, oC-naphthol, cresols, resorcinol, catechin, carvacrol, thymol, eugenol, p, p'-dihydroxy-diphenyl, hydroquinol , pyrogallol, floroglucin, hexylresorcinol, orcine, guajacol, 10 150 298 2-chlorophenol, 2,4-dibutylphenol phenol substituted with propene tetramer, dipodecylphenol, 4,4'-methylene-bis-methylene-bis-phenol, oC, « -decyl- (5-naphthol, phenol, substituted with polyisobutynyl (molecular mass about 1000), heptylphenol condensation product from about 0.5 mole of formaldehyde, octylphenol-acetone condensation product, di (hydroxyphenyl oxide), di (hydroxyphenyl sulfide), disulfide di (hydroxyphenyl) and 4-cyclohexylphenol. Phenol itself and phenols substituted with aliphatic hydrocarbyl groups are useful, eg, alkylated phenols containing up to 3 aliphatic hydrocarbyl substituents. Each of the aliphatic hydrocarbyl substituents may contain about 100 or more carbon atoms, but will typically be from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms. Preferred aliphatic hydrocarbyl substituents are alkyl and alkenyl groups. Further specific examples of monohydric alcohols that can be used are those monohydric alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isooctanol, cyclohexanol, cyclopentanol, behenyl alcohol, isoblutentacontanol, benzyl alcohol, isoblutentacontanol, and benzyl alcohol. 2-phenylethanol, 2-methylcyclohexanol, 2-chloroethanol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol mono butyl ether, diethylene glycol monopropyl ether, triethylene glycol monodecyl ether, ethylene glycol monooleate, pentoxyl pentanolate , Tert-butanol, 5-bromododecanol, nitro-tadecanol and glycerol dioleate. Useful alcohols may be unsaturated such as allyl alcohol, cinnamic alcohol, 1-cyclohexanol-3, and oleic alcohol. Other specific useful alcohols are ether alcohols and amino alcohols, including, for example, oxyalkylene, oxyarylene, aminoalkylene, or aminoarylene substituted alcohols. There are one or more oxyalkylene, aminoalkylene, oxyarylene or oxyarylene groups. Examples of such alcohols are Cellosolvy (Union Carbide products identified as ethylene glycol mono- and dialkyl ethers and derivatives thereof), Carbitols (Union Carbide products identified as diethylene glycol mono- and dialkyl ethers and their derivatives), phenoxyethanol, heptylphenyl- / oxypropylene / g-OHf octyl- / oxyethylene /, Q-OH, phenyl- / oxyoctylene / 2-0H, / heptylphenyloxypropylene / glycerin, poly / styrene oxide /, aminoethanol, 3-aminoethylpentanol, di (hydroxyethyl) amine, p-aminophenol, trihydroxypropylamine, N-hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine, N, N, N ', N'-tetrahydroxytrimethylenediamine, and the like. The polyhydric alcohols preferably contain from 2 to about 10 hydroxyl groups. Examples of these are the alkylene glycols and polyoxyalkylene glycols mentioned above, such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, dibutylene glycol, tributylene glycol, and other polyalkylene glycols, and other polyalkylene glycols and other polyalkylene glycols. alkylene groups contain from 2 to about 8 carbon atoms. Other useful polyols include glycerin, glycerol monearate, glycerol monomethyl ether, pentaerythritol, n-butyl 9f10-dihydroxystearic acid ester, dihydroxystearic acid n-butyl ester, di-butoxyl ester 9,10 dearyl ester 1,2, hexanediol-2,3f, hexanediol-2,4, pinacone, erythritol, arabit, sorbitol, mannitol, 1,2-cyclohexanediol and xylene glycol. Similarly, carbohydrates such as sugars, starches, celluloses, etc. may be used. Examples of carbohydrates may be glucose, fructose, sucrose, rhamnose, mannose, glyceraldehyde and galactose. Polyhydric alcohols containing at least 3 hydroxyl groups are useful, some of which are but not all have been esterified with an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid containing from 8 to about 30 carbon atoms, such as hexane carboxylic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid, undecanecarboxylic acid or tallow acid. Further specific examples of such partially made of polyhydric alcohols fla sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan distearate, glycerol monooleate, glycerin mono-stearate, erythritol diundecanoate, etc. For useful alcohols, about 12 hydrocarbyl alcohols are also present in to about 10 carbon atoms. This group of alcohols includes glycerin, erythritol, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, gluconic acid, glyceraldehyde, glucose, arabinose, heptanediol-1.7, heptanediol-2.4, hexanetriol-1,2,3, hexanetriol-1,2 , 4, hexanetriol-1,2,5, hexanetriol-2,3,4, butanetriol-1,2,4, butanetriol-1,2,4, quinic acid, 2,2,6,6-tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) - cyclohexanol, decanediol-1,10, digitalosis, etc. Aliphatic alcohols containing at least about 3 hydroxyl groups and up to about 10 carbon atoms are useful. Polyhydric alcohols are polyhydric alcohols containing from about 3 to about 10 atoms, especially carbon, containing from about 3 to about 6 carbon atoms and having at least 3 hydroxyl groups. Examples of such alcohols are glycerin, erythritol, pentaerythritol, mannitol, sorbitol, 2-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpropane-1,3-diol (trimethylethane), 2-hydroxymethyl-2-ethylpropane-1 f3-diolo (- trimethylpropane), hexanetri- 1, 2, 4, etc. Many of the published patents disclose a process for reacting acylating agents of the carboxylic acid type with alcohols to form acid esters and neutral esters. The same methods are suitable for the preparation of esters from carboxylic acids containing hydrocarbons and / or their anhydrides and the alcohols described above. It is only necessary to replace with the above-described acid and / or anhydride the carboxylic acid-type acylating agents described in these patents, usually in an equivalent amount. U.S. Patent Nos. 3,331,776, 3,381,022, 3,522,179, 3,542,680, 3,697 are specifically cited as references disclosing suitable methods for reacting the above-described acids and / or anhydrides with the above-described alcohols. 428 and 3 755 169. Amines useful in the preparation of amide derivatives containing hydrocarbyl substituents of (C 11) carboxylic acids include ammonia and primary and secondary amines, with secondary amines being preferred. These amines are characterized by the presence of at least one H-N group in their molecule <. and / or at least one -N11 group. These amines can be monoamines or polyamines. Amines suitable for the preparation of (C, I) derivatives include hydrazine and substituted hydrazines with up to 3 substituents. Mixtures of two or more amines may be used. Amines may be aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic amines, including those substituted with substituents. aliphatic aromatic amines, aliphatic substituted cycloaliphatic amines, aliphatic substituted heterocyclic amines, cycloaliphatic-substituted aliphatic amines, cycloaliphatic-substituted heterocyclic amines, aromatic-substituted aliphatic amines, aromatic cycloaliphatic-substituted amines, aromatic-substituted aromatic amines heterocyclic substituted aliphatic amines, heterocyclic substituted cycloaliphatic amines and heterocyclic substituted aromatic amines. These amines can be saturated or unsaturated. In the case of unsaturated amines, it is preferable that they do not contain a ternary bond. Amines may also contain substituents or non-hydrocarbyl groups as long as they do not significantly interfere with the reaction of the amines with hydrocarbyl-containing carboxylic acids or their derivatives according to the present invention. Such non-hydrocarbyl substituents or groups include a lower alkoxy group, a lower allyl group, a mercapto group, a nitro group, and spacing groups such as -C- or -S- (e.g. in groups such as -C1 CHCH--CCF ^CH6 with X being -O- or -S-). 12 150 298 Except for branched polyalkylene fibers, polyalkoxyalkylene and high molecular weight amines, hydrocarbyl substituted amines which are described in more detail hereinafter, the amines used according to the invention usually include about 40 total carbon atoms, and usually no more than about 20 total carbon atoms. Aliphatic monoamines include amines substituted with one or two aliphatic substituents in which the aliphatic groups may be saturated or unsaturated, and in chain or branched form. Thus they are primary or secondary amines. Such amines are, for example, mono- or dialkyl-substituted amines, mono- or dialenyl-substituted amines and nitrogen-substituted amines, one alkyl group and one alkenyl group, etc. The total number of carbon atoms in these aliphatic monamines preferably not greater than about 40, and usually not greater than about 20. Specific examples of such monamines are ethylamine, diethylamine, n-butylamine, di-n-butylamine, allylamine, isobutylamine, cocoamine, stearylamine, laurylamine, methylolaurylamine, oleylamine, N -methyloctylamine, dodecylamine, octadecylamine, and the like. Examples of cycloaliphatic-substituted aliphatic amines, aromatic-substituted aliphatic amines and heterocyclic-substituted aliphatic amines are 2- (cyclohexyl) ethylamine, benzylamine, phenylethylpropyl, and 3-amine. Cycloaliphatic monoamines are those monoamines that have one cycloaliphatic substituent ex it is linked directly to the nitrogen atom of the amino group through the carbon atom forming the ring. Examples of cycloaliphatic monamines are cyclohexylamine, cyclopentylamine, cyclohexenylamine, cyclopentenylamine, N-ethylcyclohexylamine, dicyclohexylamine, etc. Examples of substituted aliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic monoamines are cycloaliphaticamines, and phenyl substituted cyclohexylamines, phenyl substituted with cyclohexylamines The pyranyl groups of cyclohexylamine. Suitable aromatic amines include those in which the carbon atom forming the link of the aromatic ring is attached directly to the nitrogen atom of the amino group. The aromatic ring is generally a single ring (eg, derived from benzene), but may be coupled to an aromatic ring, in particular derived from naphthalene. Examples of aromatic monamines include aniline, di (p-methylphenyl) amine, naphthylamine, N- (n-butyl) aniline, etc. Examples of substituted aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and heterocyclic aromatic amines are p-ethoxyaniline, p-dodecylamine. , cyclohexyl-substituted naphthylamine and thienyl substituted aniline. Suitable polyamines are aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and aromatic polyamines which are analogs of the monoamines described above but contain more than one nitrogen atom in their molecule. This nitrogen atom can be a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine nitrogen. Examples of such polyamines are N-aminopropylcyclohexylamine, N, N'-di-n-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, bis / p-aminophenyl / methane, 1,4-diaminocyclohexane, etc. for the preparation of amide derivatives containing a hydrocarboxylic acid substituent / C // I / mono- and multi-heterocyclic amines can also be used. As used herein, the term "mono- and polyheterocyclic amines" describes those heterocyclic amines which contain at least one primary or secondary amino group and at least one heteroatom nitrogen atom in the heterocyclic ring. However, while in mono- or poly heterocyclic amines there is at least one 1st or 2nd order amino group, the heteroatom nitrogen may be a tertiary amino nitrogen 150 298 13, that is, a ring nitrogen atom not directly linked. with a hydrogen atom. Heterocyclic amines can be saturated or unsaturated, and they can contain a variety of substituents such as a nitro group, an alkoxy group, an alkyl mercapto group, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, an alkaryl group, or an aralkyl group. In general, the total number of carbon atoms in the substituents will not exceed about 20. Heterocyclic amines may contain heteroatoms other than nitrogen, especially oxygen and sulfur. Of course, they may contain more than one nitrogen heteroatom. 5- and 6-membered heterocyclic rings are preferred. Among the suitable heterocyclic compounds are aziridines, azetidines, azolidines, tetra- and dihydropyridines, pyrroles, indoles, piperidines, imidazoles, di- and tetrahydroimidazoles, piperazines, isoindoles, purines. , thiomorpholines, N-aminoalkylmorpholines, N-aminoalkylthiomorpholines, N-aminoallylpiperazines, N, N'-di (aminoalkyl) piperazines, azepines, azocines, azonines, atecins and tetra-, di- and perhydro derivatives of each the above-mentioned amines as well as mixtures of two or more of these heterocyclic amines. Preferred heterocyclic amines are saturated 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic amines containing only nitrogen, oxygen and / or sulfur atoms in the heterocyclic ring, especially piperidines, piperazines, thiomorpholine, morpholine, pyrrolidines, etc. Usable are piperidines, aminoalkylsubstituted piperidines, piperazine, aminoalkyl substituted piperazines, morpholine, aminoalkyl substituted morphines, pyrrolidine, and aminoalkyl substituted pyrrolidines. Typically, the aminoalkyl substituents are attached to the nitrogen atom that is a link in the hetero ring. Specific examples of such heterocyclic amines are N-aminopropylmorpholine, N-aminoethylpiperazine, and N, N'-di (aminoethyl) piperazine. Hydroxyamines, both mono- and polyamines, are also useful, analogous to the amines described above, provided that they contain at least one 1- or 2-tier amino group. Hydroxy-substituted amines containing exclusively tertiary amine nitrogen atoms, such as trihydroxyethylamine, are therefore excluded and can be used as alcohols as previously disclosed. Contemplated hydroxy-substituted amines are those containing hydroxyl groups attached directly to a non-carbonyl-probed carbon atom, ie, hydroxyl groups capable of acting as alcohol groups. Examples of such hydroxy-substituted amines are ethanolamine, di (3-hydroxypropyl) amine, 3-hydroxybutylamine, 4-hydroxybutylamine, diethanolamine, di (2-hydroxypropyl) amine, N-hydroxypropylpropylamine, N- (2-hydroxyethyl) cyclonexylamine, 3-hydroxycyclopentylamine, p-hydroxyaniline, N-hydroxyethylpiperazine, etc. The terms hydroxyamine and aminoalcohol refer to the same group of compounds, so they can be used interchangeably, The aminosulfonic acids and their derivatives according to formula 6 are also suitable as amines, in which R is OH, Nl ^, ONH ^, etc., Ra is a polyvalent organic group with a value equal to x + y, Rfe and RQ independently represent a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbyl radical or a substituted hydrocarbyl radical, with at least one of the radicals R ^ and Rc in each molecule of aminosulfonic acid is a hydrogen atom, and x and y are an integer or greater than 1. Each aminosulfonic reagent is characterized by the presence of at least one group y HNC or H2H- and at least one group of formula 7. These sulfonic acids may be aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic aminosulfonic acids or the corresponding functional derivatives resulting from modification of the sulfonyl group. In particular, the aminosulfonic acids can be aromatic aminosulfonic acids, i.e. compounds where R is a polyvalent aromatic group such as a phenylene group containing at least one group of formula 7 attached directly to the ring carbon atom of the aromatic group. The aminosulfonic acid may also be a monoamino-ali-fatty sulfonic acid, ie acid f where x is 1 and Ra is a polyvalent aliphatic group such as ethylene, propylene, trimethylene and 2-methylene propylene. Other suitable aminosulfonic acids and their derivatives useful as amines in the present invention are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,029,250, 3,367,864, and 3,926,820, both incorporated herein by reference. Amines may also be used herein as amines. use hydrazine and substituted hydrazine. At least one of the hydrazine nitrogen atoms must be directly bound to the hydrogen atom. The substituents that may be present on the hydrazine are alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl, etc. Typically the substituents are an alkyl group, especially a lower alkyl group, a phenyl group, and a substituted phenyl group, such as a phenyl group substituted with a lower alkoxy or an alkyl group Specific examples of substituted hydrazines are methylhydrazine, N, N-dimethylhydrazine, NfN'-dimethylhydrazine, phenylhydrazine, N-phenyl-N'-ethylhydrazine, N- / p-tolyl / -N'-n-butylhydrazine, N- / p-nitrophenyl / hydrazine, N- / p-nitrophenyl / -N-methylhydrazine, N, N'-dwii / p-chlorophenyl / hydrazine, N-phenyl-N'-cyclohexylhydrazine, etc. V-polyhydramines, monamines and Polyamines suitable for use as amines according to the invention are generally prepared by reacting a chlorinated polyolefin with a molecular weight of at least about 400 with ammonia or an amine. Usable amines are known and described in US Pat.Nos. 3,275,554 and 3,438,757. These amines must have at least 1 or 2 tier amino group. Another group of amines which can be used in the present invention are branched polyalkylene amines. Branched polyalkylene polyamines are polyalkylene polyamines in which the branched group is a side chain containing on average at least one atom-linked aminoalkylene group, i.e. a group of formula 8, for every 9 amino units present in the main chain, e.g. 1-4 such branched chains into 9 units in the main chain and preferably one side chain per 9 units in the main chain. Thus, these polyamines contain at least 3 primary amine groups and at least 1 third order amino group. These amines can be represented by the formula where R is an alkylene group such as ethylene, propylene, butylene or other homologous group (both straight chain and branched), etc., but is preferably an ethylene group, and , y and z are integers, x being a number from about 4 to about 24 or more, preferably from about 6 to about 18, y being from about 1 to about 6 or more, preferably from 1 to about 3, and z being a number from zero to about 6, preferably from zero to about 1. The units x and y may be sequential or alternating, their distribution may be ordered or statistical. A preferred group of such polyamines is those of formula 10, wherein n is an integer from 1 to about 20 or more, preferably from 1 to about 3, and R is preferably an ethylene group, but may be propylene, butylene, etc.) straight-chained or branched). Useful representatives of these compounds are those of formula 11, in which n is an integer from 1 to about 3. The groups in brackets may be linked head-to-head or head-to-tail. U.S. Patent No. 3,200 106 and 3,259,578 contain disclosures of these polyamines. Suitable amines also include polyoxyalkylene polyamines, e.g., polyoxyalkylene diamines and polyoxyalkylene triamines with an average molecular weight of about 200 to about 4,000, preferably about 400 to about 2,000. Alkylene compounds of this type include the amines of formula 12 in which m is from about 3 to about 70, preferably from about 10 to about 35, and also of formula 13 in which n is from 1 to about 40, where the sum of all n is from about 3 to about 70, and usually from about 6 to about 35, and R is a polyvalent saturated hydrocarbon group of about 10 carbon atoms, the value of which is from about 3 to about 6. An alkylene group may be straight or branched chain and contains from 1150298 to about 7 carbon atoms, and usually from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms. The different alkylene groups present in the above formulas may be the same or different. More specific examples of these polyamines are the compounds of formula 14, where x has a value from about 3 to about 70, preferably from about 10 to 55, and of formula 15, wherein x + y + z has a total value of from about 3 to about 30, and preferably from about 5 to about 10. Preferred polyoxyalkylene polyamines include polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene diamine and polyoxypropylene triamines with an average molecular weight from about 200 to about 2000. Polyoxyalkylene polyamines are commercially available from Jefferson Chemical Company, Inc. under the trade name "Jeffamine". U.S. Patent Nos. 3,804,763 and 3,948,800 disclose such polyoxyalkylene polyamines. Useful amines are alkylene polyamines, including polyalkylene polyamines, which are described in more detail hereinafter. The alkylene polyamines include those of formula 16, where n is from 1 to about 10, and each R "independently is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, or hydroxy-substituted hydrocarbyl with up to about 30 carbon atoms, and" alkylene "contains from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms and is preferably ethylene or propylene. Alkylene polyamines are useful in which each R" is hydrogen, with ethylene polyamine and mixtures of ethylene polyamines being preferred. In general, the average value of n is from about 2 to about 7. Such alkylene polyamines include methylene polyamines, ethylene polyamines, butylene polyamines, propylene polyamines, pentylene polyamines, hexylene polyamines, heptylene polyamines, and so on. Such alkylene polyamines as well as related piperyl-amino-alkyls are also included. Useful alkylene diamine are ethylenediamine, triethylenetetramine, propylenediamine, trimethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, tenthylenediamine, octomethylenediamine, di / seven ornethylene / triamine, triethylenetetramine / triethylenetetramine / triethylenetetramine / tetramethylene diamine, tetramethylene diamine, tetramethylene diamine, -aminoethyl / piperazine, 1,4-bis / 2-aminoethyl / piperazine, etc. In the present invention useful as amines are the higher homologues obtained by condensation of two or more of the above-described alkyleneamines, as well as mixtures of two or more of any of the above-described polyamines. Ethylene ovelamines, such as those mentioned above, are described in detail under the heading "Diamines and Higher Amines" in The Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Second Edition, Kirk and Othmer, Volume 7, Ihterscience Publishers, Division of John Wiley and Sons, 1965, at pages 27-39, which pages are cited here as a reference. These compounds are most conveniently prepared by reacting alkylene chloride with ammonia, or by reacting ethyleneimine with a ring opener such as ammonia, etc. These reactions yield a somewhat complex mixture of alkylene polyamines, also containing condensation products such as such as piperazines. Hydroxyalkylalkylene polyamines having 1 or more hydroxyalkyl substituents on nitrogen atoms are also useful in the preparation of compositions of the invention. Useful hydroxyalkyl substituted alkylene polyamines include those in which the hydroxyalkyl group is a lower hydroxyalkyl group, that is, less than 8 carbon atoms. Examples of such hydroxyalkyl substituted polyamines are N- (2-hydroxyethyl) ethylenediamine, N, N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) ethylenediamine, 1- (2-hydroxyethyl) piperazine, monohydroxypropyl-substituted dimethylenetramine, di (hydroxypropyl) - substituted tetramethylene peeamine, N- (3-hydroxybutyl) tetramethylene diamine, etc. The higher homologues, prepared by condensation of the above-illustrated hydroxyalkylene polyamines via amino groups or via hydroxyl groups, are also useful. Condensation through amino groups gives the higher amine, 16 150 298, which is accompanied by the removal of ammonia, and condensation through hydroxyl groups gives products containing ether bonds, which is accompanied by the removal of water. In order to produce an amide derivative containing a hydrocarbon substituent of the carboxylic acid (C11) one or more acids or anhydrides (C1) and one or more of the above-described primary or secondary amines are mixed with each other and heated together, optionally in the presence of a liquid in Under normal conditions, an essentially inert organic liquid solvent / diluent is at a temperature of from about 50 ° C to about 130 ° C, preferably from about 30 ° C to about 110 ° C. The acid or anhydride / C / l / and amine are reacted in sufficient amounts to produce from about 0.5 to about 3 amine equivalents per 1 equivalent of the acid or anhydride / C / l /. For the purposes of the present invention, by Amine equivalent is understood to mean the amount of amine corresponding to the total weight of the amine divided by the total number of nitrogen atoms present. Thus, octylamine has an equivalent weight corresponding to its molecular weight, ethylenediamine has an equivalent weight corresponding to half its molecular weight, and aminoethylpiperazine has an equivalent weight corresponding to 1/3 of its molecular weight. Also, for example, the equivalent weight of commercially available polyalkylene polyamine mixtures can be determined by dividing the atomic weight of nitrogen (14) by the percentage of nitrogen atoms contained in the polyamine. Thus, the equivalent mass of a polyamine with an amount corresponding to a proportion of 34% of nitrogen atoms is 41.2. The number of acid or anhydride equivalents (C / I) depends on the total number of carboxylic acid or carboxylic acid groups (eg, carboxylic acid or carboxylic anhydride groups) present in the acid or anhydride (C / I). Thus, the number of equivalents of the / C // l / component will vary depending on the number of carboxyl groups present in it. In determining the number of equivalents of the acid or anhydride (C // I), no consideration is given to those carboxylic functional moieties which are not capable of reacting as an acylating agent of the carboxylic acid type. In general, however, 1 equivalent of acid or anhydride (C-1) is for each carboxyl group in the (C-1) component. For example, in an anhydride which is the reaction product of one mole of olefin polymer and 1 mole of maleic anhydride there will be 2 equivalents. The number of carboxyl functional moieties can be determined by known methods (e.g. acid number, saponification number), so that any person skilled in the art can easily determine the number of acid or anhydride equivalents / C // 1 / available for the reaction with the amine. II (useful in the preparation of the (S) salt component of the emulsion of the invention include ammonia and all primary and secondary amines, the usefulness of which has been discussed above in the context of the preparation of the amide derivatives (C / I). In addition to ammonia and the amines discussed above, the amines / C // II / also include tertiary amines. Tertiary amines are analogues of the above-discussed first and second-tier amines, with the exception, however, that hydrogen atoms in HN ZH or -NHg are replaced with hydrocarbon groups. These tertiary amines can be monoamines or polyamines. Monamines are represented by formula 17, wherein R ', R and R 6 represent the same or different hydrocarbyl groups. Preferably, R * f R R 5 independently represent hydrocarbyl groups with from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms. The tertiary amines may be symmetrical amines, dimethylalkylamines or reaction products of a first or second tier amine with ethylene oxide. The tertiary amines may be aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic amines, including aliphatic substituted aromatic amines, cycloaliphatic amines substituted with aliphatic substituents, heterocyclic amines substituted with aliphatic substituents, heterocyclic amines substituted with cycloaliphatic substituents, aromatic aromatic amines, , cycloaliphatic-substituted heterocyclic amines, aromatic-substituted amines 150 298 17 aliphatic, aromatic-substituted cycloaliphatic amines, aromatic-substituted heterocyclic amines, heterocyclic-substituted aliphatic amines, heterocyclic-substituted cycloaliphatic amines and heterocyclic-substituted heterocyclic amines with heterocyclic aromatic substituents. -The rows can be saturated or unsaturated, Unsaturated amines should preferably be free of binding unsaturated acetylenic type (i.e., -C = 0). Tertiary amines may also contain substituents or non-hydrocarbyl groups as long as these groups do not significantly interfere with the reaction of the amines with carboxylic acids containing hydrocarbyl substituents and their (C-1) derivatives. Such non-hydrocarbyl substituents or groups include a lower alkoxy group, a lower alkyl group, a mercapto group, a nitro group, and spacer groups such as -O- and -S- (e.g. in groups such as -CH2CH2-X-CH2CP ^ - where X is -0- or -S-). Examples of such tertiary amines are trimethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, tributylamine, methyldiethylamine, ethyldimethylamine, N, N-dimethylpropylamine, NfN-dimethylbutylamine, N, N-dimethylpentylamine, N, N-dimethylamine, N, N-dimethylamine. N, N-dimethylheptylamine, NN-dimethyloctylamine, N, N-dimethylnonylamine, N, N-dimethyldecylamine, N, N-dimethyldicodanylamine, N, N-dimethylphenylamine, trioctyl amine, trihydodecyl amine, triocoiodamine, triocoiodamine -methyl-dihydrogenated amine, N, N-dimethyldodecylamine, N, N-dimethyltetradecylamine, N, N-dimethylhexadecylamine, N, N-dimethyloctadecylamine, N, N-dimethylococoamine, N, N-N-aminomethyl , N-dimethylhydrogenated loylamine, etc., particularly preferred representatives of the amines (C // II) are hydroxyamine. These can be first, second or third order hydroxyamines. In general, hydroxyamines are 1-, II-, or Tertiary alkanolamines or mixtures thereof. Such amines can be represented by the formulas 18, 19 and 20, respectively, wherein each R independently is a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to about 8 carbon atoms or a hydroxy-substituted hydrocarbyl group of 2 to about 2 carbon atoms, and R 'is a divalent hydrocarbon group of about 2 to about 18 carbon atoms. The group -R'-OH in such formulas represents a hydroxy-substituted hydrocarbyl group, R 'may be acyclic, alicyclic or aromatic. Typically R 'is an acyclic, straight or branched alkylene group such as ethylene, 1,2-propylene, 1,2-butylene, 1,2-octadecylene, etc. When R groups are present in one molecule, they may be they are linked directly by a carbon-carbon bond or through a heteroatom (e.g. oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur) to form a 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-membered ring system. Examples of such heterocyclic amines are N- (hydroxy-lower-alkyl) morpholines, -thiomorpholine, -piperidine, -oxazolidine, -thiazolidine, etc. However, usually each R is a lower alkyl group of up to 7 carbon atoms. Hydroxyamines can be Also be ether-N- (hydroxy-substituted-hydrocarbyl) amines. These are hydroxy-substituted poly (hydrocarbyl) analogs of the hydroxyamines described above (these analogs also include hydroxy-substituted oxyalkylene analogs). Such N- (hydroxy-substituted-hydrocarbyl) amines can conveniently be prepared by reacting epoxy compounds with the amines previously described, and can be represented by the formulas 21, 22 and 23 where x is a number from about 2 to about 15 and R i R 'have the meaning given above. Polyamine analogues of these hydroxyamines may also be used, especially alkoxylated alkylene polyamines (eg N, N-di (2-hydroxyethyl) ethanol diamine). Such polyamines can be prepared by reacting alkyleneamines (e.g., ethylenediamine) with one or more alkylene oxides (e.g., ethylene oxide, octadecene oxide) having from 2 to about 20 carbon atoms. It is also possible to use similar reaction products of alkylene oxides and alkanolamines, such as the reaction products of the above-described amines of I-, II- and Tertiary amines and ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or higher epoxy compounds, in a molar ratio of 1: 1 or 1: 2 . The reagent ratios and the temperature at which such reactions are carried out are known to those skilled in the art. 18 150 298 Specific examples of alkoxylated alkylene polyamines are N- (2-hydroxyethyl) ethylenediamine, N, N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) ethylenediamine, 1 - / 2 -hydroxyethyl (piperazine, monohydroxypropyl) -substituted diethylene triamine, di (hydroxypropyl) - substituted tetramethylene pentaminamine, N- (3-hydroxybutyl) tetramethylenediamine, etc. Higher homologues obtained by condensation of the above-mentioned hydroxyalkylene groups through amino or polyoxyalkylene groups are also useful. through hydroxyl groups. Condensation through the amine groups leads to the formation of a higher amine, accompanied by the removal of ammonia, and condensation through the hydroxyl groups leads to the formation of products containing ether bonds, accompanied by the removal of water. Mixtures of two or more of the mono- and polyamines discussed above are also useful. Examples of N- (hydroxyl-substituted-hydrocarbyl) arain include mono-, di- and triethanolamine, diethylethanolamine, di (3-hydroxypropyl) amine, N- / 3-hydroxybutyl) amine, N- (4-hydroxybutyl) amine, N, N- (2-hydroxypropyl) -amine, N- (2-hydroxyethyl) - morpholine and its thio analog, N- (2-hydroxyethyl) cyclohexylamine, N- (3-hydroxy-cyclopentyl) amine, o-, m- and p-aminophenol, N- / hydroxyethyl / piperazine, N, N'-two / hydroxyethyl / piperazine, etc. Other hydroxy-substituted amino alcohols I Prior art amines are described in US Patent No. 3,576,7 ^ 3 by the general formula Ra — NH2 “in which R is a monovalent organic group containing at least one alcoholic hydroxyl group. The total number of carbon atoms in R preferably does not exceed about 20. Hydroxy-substituted primary aliphatic amines with a total of up to about 10 carbon atoms are useful. Polyhydroxy substituted 1st order alkanolamines containing only 1 amino group (ie, 1st order amino group) with 1 alkyl substituent containing up to about 10 carbon atoms and up to about 6 hydroxyl groups are useful. Such primary alkanolamines correspond to the formula Ra "NH2 where Ra is an alkyl group substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups. It is desirable that at least one of these hydroxyl groups be a primary alcohol hydroxyl group. Specific examples of hydroxy substituted amines I- The primary products are 2-aminobutanol-1,2-amino-2-methylpropanol-1,2-p- (2-hydroxyethyl) aniiine, 2-aminopropanol-1,3-aminopropanol-1,2-amino-2-methylpropanediol-1,3t 2-amino-2-ethylpropanediol-1,3, N- (2-hydroxypropyl) - N '- (2-aminoethyl) piperazine, tris- (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (also called trismethylaminomethane), 2-aminobutanol-1, ethanolamine, 2- / 2-hydroxyethoxy / ethylaminafglucamine, glucosamine, 4-amino-3-hydroxy-3-methylbuten-1 (which can be prepared by known methods by reacting isoprene oxide with ammonia), N-3- / aminopropyl-4 - (2-hydroxyethyl) - piperazine, 2-amino-6-methylheptanol-6t 5-aminopentanol-1, N- (2-hydroxyethyl-1,3-diaminopropane, 1 f3-diaminl-2-hydroxypropane, N- (2-hydroxyethoxyethyl) ethylenediamine, trismethylolaminomethane, etc. The reaction product between a carboxylic acid or anhydride containing a hydrocarbon substituent or an ester or amide derivative (C // I) and an amine (C // II) is at least one salt (C) . This salt may be an internal salt, formed from a group of a molecule containing a hydrocarbon substituent of a carboxylic acid or an anhydride or of an amide or ester derivative (C // I) and an amine molecule (C // II), in which one of the carboxy groups is bonded to a nitrogen atom within the same group, or it may be an external salt in which the ionic salt group is formed with a nitrogen atom that is not part of the same molecule. The product of the reaction between the components / C / I / and / C / II / may also be other compounds, such as imides, amides, esters, etc., but at least some salt forming the useful component / C / f must be formed according to invention. According to a preferred embodiment, the amine (C 11 II) is hydroxyamine and the reaction product of the components (C 11) and (C 11 II) is half ester and half salt, ie it is an ester salt. 150 298 19 The reactions between the components (C) I) and (C) II) are carried out under conditions favorable to the formation of the desired salt. Typically, one or more of the components (C // I) and one or more of the components (C // II) are mixed with each other and heated at a temperature of about 50 ° C to about 130 ° C, preferably from about 80 ° C to about 130 ° C. about 110 ° C., optionally in the presence of a normally liquid, substantially inert, liquid organic solvent / diluent to form the desired product. The / C // I / and / C // II / components are reacted in such amounts that for 1 equivalent of the / C // I / component there is from about 0.5 to about 3 equivalents of the / C // II / component. Useful functional additives / D / are phosphates, borates and molybdates. Such additives act as rust inhibitors and in some cases as anti-wear agents. Organic salts such as the sodium salt of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole are also useful as rust inhibitors. Examples of phosphates are any compounds containing the group PO = r including normal phosphates, i.e. tertiary phosphates (X5P0), acid phosphates, i.e. monohydrogen phosphates, i.e. dibasic phosphates, i.e. II-order phosphates / X2P0 ^ / and dibasic phosphates, i.e. dihydrogen phosphates, i.e. monobasic phosphates, i.e. first-order phosphates / XH2P04 /, double phosphates // X, X '/ P04 /, triple phosphates // X, X'fX "/ PO ^ / and orthophosphates / X, PO ^ /, as well as hypophosphates / XZfP20g / and pyrophosphates / X ^ P207 /. In the above formulas X is a monovalent metal (e.g. sodium or potassium) or an ammonium group / NH ^ + /. Specific examples of such phosphates are diammonium hydrogen phosphate, monoammonium hydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate. Salts formed by the reaction of ethanolamine and phosphoric acid are useful. Molybdates are X2 / Mo0, X2 / Mo20. and XcM oJD2Zf, where X is an ammonium (NH4 +) group or a monovalent metal (e.g. alkali metal, especially sodium or potassium). Salts of orthomolybdic acid, J ^ MoO, are useful. The salts of hydrated molybdic acid MoO4 and molybdic anhydride MoO are likewise useful. The preferred molybdate is sodium molybdate Na2MoO4. 2H2O. The borates include XH2B0, and XH, B0, where X is NHi + or a monovalent metal such as sodium or potassium. Useful are metalloborates, compounds containing the radical-B02, orthoborates, compounds containing the radical -BO, and pyroborates, compounds containing the radical ^ B ^ 07 # Specific examples of useful borates are sodium metalloborate Na2B02, sodium borate tetrahydrate Na2B20 ^. 4 * ^ 0, borax, Na2B / 07. 10HpO, anhydrous borax Na2B407, sodium borate pentahydrate Na2B4Oy. 5H 2 O, etc. While the emulsions of the invention are useful as such, emulsion stabilizers may be used to improve the stability of the emulsion which may be compromised by temperature, pressure, oil oxidation and other detrimental environmental conditions. The stabilizers include phosphatides, especially those of formula 24, in which G is a fatty acyl group or a phosphorus-containing group of formula 25, where R 'is a lower alkylene group of from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, and R "and R" "'represent lower alkyl groups of 1-4 carbon atoms, with at least one G group, but no more than 2 such groups being the phosphorus-containing group above. In most cases, the fatty acyl groups are derived from fatty acids with about 8 to about 30 carbon atoms, such as heptane carboxylic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, behenic acid, myristic acid, and oleostearic acid. Particularly preferred groups are those derived from commercially available fatty compounds such as soybean oil, cottonseed oil and castor oil. A particularly preferred phospeptide is a lecithin derivative containing moieties derived from soybean oil as described in detail in the Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Kirk and Othmer, Vol. 8, pp. 309-326 (1952). The emulsion stabilizer may be an aliphatic glycol or aliphatic glycol monaryl ether. The aliphatic glycol may be polyalkylene glycol. Preferably it is a glycol in which the alkylene group is a lower alkylene group with from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms. Thus, examples of aliphatic glycols are ethylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, propylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, butyl-1,2-ene glycol, butyl-2,3-ene glycol, tetramethylene glycol, hexomethylene glycol, and the like. S ethers of ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, triethylene glycol mono (heptylphenyl) ether, tetrapropylene glycol monophenyl ether, polyisobutenyl monophenyl ether (molecular mass 1000 / -phenyl) of osmiopropylene glycol and polybutylene glycol mono, -p-dibutylphenyl ether, trimethylene glycol mono (heptylphenyl) ether and tetramethylene glycol mono (3,5-dioctylphenyl ether), etc. Monoaryl ethers are obtained by condensing a phenolic compound, such as alkylated phenol or naphthyl with 1 or more moles of an epoxy such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, trimethylene oxide, or 2,3-epoxyhexane. Condensation is promoted by a basic catalyst such as an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide, alkoxide or phenate. The temperature at which the condensation is carried out may vary widely, from room temperature to about 250 ° C. Usually it is preferably 50-150 ° C. More than 1 mole of the epoxy compound may condense with the phenyl compound and one or more groups derived from the epoxy compound may be present in the product molecule. Alkylene oxide substituted with a polar substituent, such as epichlorohydrin or epibromohydrin, is useful in the preparation of a monoaryl ether product, which product is also useful as an emulsion stabilizer in the present invention. Aliphatic glycol monoalkyl ethers are also useful as emulsion stabilizers. whose alkyl group is, for example, octyl, nonyl, dodecyl, behenyl, etc. The esters of fatty and monoaryl acids or monoalkyl ethers of aliphatic glycols are also useful. The fatty acids include, for example, acetic acid, formic acid, butyric acid, caproic acid, oleic acid, isostearic acid, linolenic acid and also commercially available mixtures of acids such as those obtained by the hydrolysis of tall oils, olives, etc. Specific examples are tetraethylene glycol mono (heptyl phenyl ether) oleate and tetraethylene glycol mono (polypropylene) ether acetate (molecular weight 1000). Alkali metal and ammonium sulfonic acid salts are also useful emulsion stabilizers. Examples of such acids are decylbenzenesulfonic acid, dimecylbenzenesulfonic acid, a mixture of oil-soluble sulfonic acids obtained from the refining of crude oil with H 2 SOl + f heptylbenzenesulfonic acid, polyisobutenylsulfonic acid (molecular weight 750), and decylnaphthalenesulfonic acid, and tróphthalenesulfonic acid. Examples of salts are the sodium, potassium and ammonium salts of the above acids. The neutral salts of alkali metals and fatty acids with at least 12 aliphatic carbon atoms in the fatty moiety are also useful as additional emulsion stabilizers. These fatty acids include, above all, lauric acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, linoleic acid, behenic acid, and mixtures of such acids, such as those obtained by the hydrolysis of tall oil, oligo oil and other commercial products. fats. These acids should contain at least about 12 aliphatic carbon atoms, preferably from about 16 to about 30 carbon atoms. Only a small amount of stabilizer is needed. It can be as low as 0.01 parts and seldom more than 2 parts per 100 parts of emulsion. Preferably, it is from about 0.1 to about 1 part per 100 parts of the emulsion. 150 298 21 Hydraulic fluids usually contain other additives such as hypoid agents, corrosion inhibitors other than those discussed above, foam inhibitors, freezing point depressants, bactericides, antioxidants, etc. Hypoid agents are agents which improve the pressure-transmitting ability of an emulsion. Examples of such agents are the dithiophosphates of lead, nickel or metals from Group II of the Periodic Table of the elements magnesium, calcium, barium, strontium, zinc or cadmium. Zinc is a particularly preferred metal. Specific examples of metal dithiophosphates are zinc di (4-methylpentyl-2) dithiophosphate, 0-methyl-O'-dodecyl-S-zinc dithiophosphate, barium diheptyl dithiophosphate, di (n-butylphenyl) barium dithiophosphate Magnesium dicyclohexyl dithiophosphate, cadmium salt of an equimolar mixture of dimethyl dithiophosphate and diethyl dithiophosphate, di-n-nonyl zinc dithiophosphate, dicyclohexyl zinc dithiophosphate, dicyclohexyl dithiophosphate / diphosphate diphosphate / diphosphate diphosphate - zinc. Methods for producing such dithiophosphoric acids are known including, for example, the reaction of an alcohol or phenol with phosphorus pentasulfide. Methods for the preparation of Group II metal salts and dithiophosphoric acids are similarly known. An example of such a method is the hydrogenation of dithiophosphoric acids or mixtures of such acids with zinc oxide. Other hypoid agents useful in the emulsions of the invention include chlorinated sulfurized waxes or phosphorus sulfurized esters of fatty acids, phosphorites and di- and trihydrocarbyl phosphates, polysulfides and dihydrocarbylides. metal minians. Examples of chlorinated waxes are chlorinated sicosan with a chlorine content of 5096 and other waxes, petroleum fractions, with a chlorine content of 5-6096. The sulfurized fatty acid esters are obtained by treating the lower alkyl ester of fatty acid having at least 12 carbon atoms with a sulfurizing agent such as sulfur, sulfur monochloride, sulfur dichloride, etc. Examples of fatty acid esters are methyl oleate, methyl stearate, myristate, and myristate. cyclohexyl tallow acid, ethyl palmitate, isooctyl laurate, ethylene glycol stearic acid diester, etc. Commercial mixtures of esters are also useful. These include, for example, olive oil, menhaden oil, glycerin trioleate, etc. The sulfurization is most conveniently carried out at a temperature of about 100 ° C to about 250 ° C. More than 1 sulfur atom may be introduced into the ester, and sulfurized esters with as many as 4-5 sulfur atoms in the molecule are useful for the purposes of the invention. Examples are sulfurized oligo oil with 5% sulfur content, sulfurized tall oil with 9% sulfur content, sulfurized methyl oleate with 3% sulfur content and sulfurized stearyl stearate with 15% sulfur content »Phosphosulfurized fatty acid esters are obtained by acting on the above given esters with phosphorus sulfide, such as phosphorus pentasulfide, phosphorus sesulfide, or phosphorus hepatosulfide. This action can be carried out, for example, by mixing the ester with about 0.5-25% phosphorus sulphide at a temperature of about 100 ° C to about 250 ° C. The products contain both phosphorus and sulfur, but the exact chemical structure of such products is not completely understood. Phosphites and phosphates that are useful herein are the di- or tri-esters of phosphorous or phosphoric acid in which the ester moiety is derived from a substantially hydrocarbon group, including the aryl group. , alkyl, alkaryl, aralkyl, or cycloalkyl, as well as a hydrocarbyl group containing a polar substituent such as a chlorine atom, a nitro group, a bromine atom, an ether group, etc. Particularly desirable phosphates and phosphites are those in which the ester groups are groups phenyl, alkylphenyl or alkyl containing from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms. Examples towodorofosforyn dibutyl wodorofosforyn dwuheptylowy, wodorofosforyn dwucykioheksy1owy, two wodorofosforyn / pentylphenyl /, bis wodorofosforyn / dwupentylofenylowy /, forforyn trójdecylowy, wodorofosforyn22 150 298 dwumetylowonaftylowy, oleyl wodórofosforyn / 4-pentylphenyl / phosphite, triphenyl wodorofosforyn bis-substituted phenyl-szesciopropyleno (tri (n-chloro-3-heptylphenyl phosphite), triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphite, tri (p-chi orophenyl phosphate) and tri (heptylphenyl) phosphate). The metal dithiocarbamates include mainly zinc, lead, and tron, nickel, cadmium and palladium with N, N-dialkyl dithiocarbamic acids in which the alkyl group contains from 3 to about 30 vegy atoms. Examples are zinc N, N-dioctyl dithiocarbamate, lead N, N-dicyclohexyldithiocarbamate, cadmium N, N-dubehenyl dithiocarbamate, N, N-dimecyldithiocarbamate, and the mixture of lead and their mixture is usually around 0.05 to the hypoid center. some, although it is rarely necessary to use more than 2 parts of this agent per 100 parts of emulsion. Another type of additive that is used with emulsions is the rust inhibitor. The most effective rust inhibitors for the emulsions according to the invention are aliphatic amines, in particular primary aliphatic amines having at least 8 carbon atoms in the molecule. The aliphatic amines are preferably primary tertiary alkyl amines having from about 12 to about 30 carbon atoms. These amines include stearylamine, oleylamine, myristylamine, palmitylamine, n-octylamine, dodecylamine, octadecylamine, and other commercial mixtures of primary amines, such as a mixture in which the aliphatic group is a mixture of tertiary alkyl groups with 11- 14 carbon atoms, an average of 12 carbon atoms, and a mixture in which the aliphatic group is a mixture of tertiary alkyl groups with 18-24 carbon atoms. Salts of aromatic acid such as benzoic acid, toluene carboxylic acid, naphthalene carboxylic acid are also effective as rust inhibitors. , phthalic acid or terephthalic acid, and any of the above-mentioned aliphatic amines. Also useful are the salts of other acids such as p-aminobenzoic acid and o-chlorobenzoic acid. Amine salts with aromatic acids are prepared simply by mixing the reactants at a temperature below the dehydration temperature, i.e., less than about 90 ° C. In most cases the reaction is exothermic and the use of heating is unnecessary. A solvent such as benzene, toluene, naphtha and chlorobenzene can be used. Yet another group of rust inhibitors form hydroxyalkylamines, especially long-chain (ie Cfi-C50) aliphatic amines having 1 or 2 hydroxyalkyl substituents on the amine nitrogen atom. Examples are N- (2-hydroxyethyl) octylamine, N, N-di (2-hydroxypropyl) dodecylamine, N- (3-hydroxypentyl) -octadecylamine and N, N-di (-2-hydroxybutyl-3) decylamine. also as rust inhibitors are the salts of nitrous acid and long-chain aliphatic amines illustrated above. Such salts are prepared simply by mixing the amine with nitrous acid at ordinary temperatures, such as room temperature. Specific examples are Nitrite (C1-ClZf), Nitrite (III) alkylamine, and octadecylamine nitrite. The concentration of the rust inhibitor in the emulsion depends to some extent on the relative water concentration of the emulsion. Usually, from about 0.01 parts to about 2 parts rust inhibitor per 100 parts emulsion is sufficient. Still another type of additives found in these emulsions are foam inhibitors, which may be a commercial dialkyl siloxane polymer or an alkyl methacrylate polymer. Freezing point depressants, i.e., water-soluble polyhydric alcohols such as glycerin or other polar substances such as Cellosolve, are also useful. The concentration of these agents is usually below 5 parts per 100 parts of the emulsion. Bactericides are also useful in the emulsions of the invention. Examples of these are nitrobromoalkanes (such as 3-nitropropyl bromide), nitrohydroxyalkanes (such as trihydroxymethyl / nitromethane, 2-nitro-2-ethylpropanediol-1,3 and 2-nitrobutanol-1), and boric acid esters (such as glycerol borate ). The concentration of the bactericide may be from about 0.01 parts to about 1 part per 100 parts of the emulsion. Antioxidants useful in the emulsions of the invention include phenols with a hindering base, such as 2,4-double-tertiary-butyl-5. -methylphenol, 4,4'-methylene (2,6-di-tertiary-pentylphenol) and 2,6-two-tertiary-octyl-4-tertiary-butylphenol. The concentration of antioxidants is usually 0.01-2 parts per 100 parts of emulsion. Emulsions can be prepared by simply mixing oil (A), water (3), emulsifying salt (C), functional additive (D) and any other desired ingredients in a homogenizer or any other device that effectively produces the blends. It is not necessary to heat the emulsion during or after its preparation. The order in which the ingredients are mixed together is not critical, but it is convenient to first prepare an oil concentrate containing about 50-95% of oil, and then emulsify this concentrate with an aqueous solution containing additive / D / in appropriate proportions. The invention is illustrated by the following examples, with Examples I-XI illustrate the preparation of the nitrogen-containing (C)-type emulsifiers useful in the water-in-oil emulsions of the invention. Unless otherwise stated, in these examples, and throughout the specification and the appended claims, all parts and parts are given by weight. Example I. 2240 parts of polyisobutylene-substituted succinic anhydride (Mn, 950) are heated to 110-116 ° C. 174 parts of morpholine are dripped into the anhydride. After the addition of morpholine is complete, the resulting mixture is kept at 116-126 ° C for 2 hours. 234 parts of diethylethanolamine are then added dropwise, maintaining the temperature at 116-126 ° C. After the addition of the diethylethanolamine has been completed, the resulting mixture is kept at 116-126 ° C for 50 minutes while stirring. The resulting product is an amide-salt. Example II. A mixture of 1100 parts polyisobutylene-substituted succinic anhydride used in Example I and 100 parts Carbowax 200 (a Union Carbide product identified as polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of 200) is heated and then held at 123-134 ° C for 2 hours, then it is cooled to 100 ° C. 117 parts of diethylethanolamine are added to the resulting product, adding over 0.2 hours and maintaining a temperature of 100 ° C during this time. The mixture is then cooled to room temperature. The product is ester-salt. Example III. A mixture of 1100 parts of polyisobutylene-substituted succinic anhydride used in Example 1 and 34 parts of pentaerythritol is heated to 125-160 ° C, kept at this temperature for 4 hours, and then brought to 130 ° C. 117 parts of diethylethanolamine are added to the mixture. The temperature is kept at 100-130 ° C for 1 hour. The resulting product is cooled to room temperature. The product is ester-salt. Example IV. A mixture of 2240 parts of polyisobutylene-substituted succinic anhydride used in Example 1 and 300 parts of vacuum mineral oil with a viscosity of 40 SUS is heated with stirring to 50 ° C for 0.5 hours. After adding 54 parts of tap water, the resulting mixture is heated from 50 ° C to 92 ° C within 0.5 hours and then held at 92-98 ° C for 5 hours. After the addition of 244 parts of ethanolamine, the resulting mixture is kept at 92-98 ° C. The product is a bisole. Example 5 A mixture of 2240 parts of polyisobutylene-substituted succinic anhydride used in Example 1 and 62 parts of ethylene glycol is heated to 116-120 ° C and kept at this temperature for 5 hours. Then the temperature of the mixture is raised to 138-146 ° C and this elevated temperature maintains it within 4.5 hours. The temperature of the mixture then decreased to 115 ° C in 0.5 hours. Within 0.5 hours, maintaining the temperature at 115-120 ° C, 122 parts of ethanolamine are added to the mixture. The mixture is then stirred for a further 0.5 hour, keeping the temperature at 115-120 ° C. The resulting product is ester-salt. Example VI, 2895 parts of polyisobutylene-substituted succinic anhydride (Mn = 1700) are heated to 121 ° C for 1 hour. Within 2 hours, 605 parts of diethylethanolamine are added dropwise, keeping the mixture at a temperature of 121-128 ° C. The mixture is kept at 121-123 ° C for another hour, and then it is cooled down to 50 ° C to obtain the desired product. This product is ester-salt. Example VII. The mixture of 1000 parts of polyisobutylene-substituted succinic anhydride used in Example 1 and 337 parts of the oil mixture is heated to 85 ° C. 26 parts of tap water are added to the mixture. The mixture heated to 102 ° C. in 0.25 hours. The temperature is kept at 102-105 ° C for 4 hours, then the mixture is cooled to 70 ° C. Within 0.2 hours, 209 parts of diethylethanolamine are added to the mixture and the temperature rises to 79 ° C by exotherm. The mixture is then kept at 78-79 ° C. for 1.5 hours and then cooled to give the desired product. This product is a bisole. Example VIII. 1120 parts of polyis * - butylene substituted succinic anhydride used in Example 1 are heated to 85-90 ° C for 1 hour. 117 parts of diethylethanolamine are added dropwise within 0.5 hours. The resulting mixture is kept at 85-90 ° C for 4 hours and then cooled to room temperature to give the desired product. The product is an inner salt. Example IX. Mixture of 917 parts of an oil diluent, 40 parts of a soaking aid diatomaceous earth, 10 parts of caustic soda, 0.2 parts of silicone-based antifoam, 135 parts of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole and 6.67 parts of a commercial mixture polyethylene polyamine, containing 33,596 and essentially corresponding to tetraethylene peramine, is heated to 121 ° C. while stirring. Within about 1 hour, 1000 parts of polyisobutylene-substituted succinic anhydride used in Example 1 are slowly added to the mixture, increasing the temperature of the mixture from 121 ° C to 154 ° C during the addition. The mixture is then kept at 154-160 ° C for 12 hours with nitrogen flushing. The mixture is then cooled to 138-149 ° C and filtered. Just enough oil is added that the product contains about 5 wt.% Oil as diluent. The product contains a small amount of salt. Example X. While mixing, 6720 parts of polyisobutylene succinic anhydride used in example I are heated to 90 ° C. Within 1.5 hours, 702 parts of diethylethanolamine are added. This intermediate mixture is heated for an additional 0.5 h at 90 ° C. Thereafter, it is held at 90 ° C for 0.5 hours and then cooled to obtain a clear viscous brown-colored liquid as product. The product is a mixture of imide and salt and contains small amounts of amide and ester. Example XI. 2240 parts of polyisobutylene-substituted succinic anhydride used in Example 1 are heated to a temperature of about 90 ° C. Within 2 hours 468 parts of diethylethanolamine are added. The mixture is heated for an additional hour at 90 ° C to give the desired product. The product is ester-salt. Example XII. Hydraulic fluid. Hydraulic fluids A and B are prepared by combining the ingredients listed in the table below, the contents of which are given in parts by weight. 150 298 25 Table Ingredients Oil 100 N Water Product of example XI / NH4 / 2HP04 Commercially available zinc dithiophosphate Available in commercial barium sulphate A 54.0 40.0 3.0 0.5 1.5 1.0 B 54.0 40.0 3.5 0.5 2.0 • Patent claims 1. Hydraulic fluid being a water-in-oil emulsion, containing continuous an oil phase, a dispersed water phase, an emulsifier and rust inhibitor, in particular borate, molybdate and / or phosphate, dissolved in the aqueous phase, characterized in that the emulsifier comprises at least one salt derived from at least one succinic acid containing a hydrocarbon substituent or a succinic acid anhydride or an ester or amide derivative of the acid or anhydride, the hydrocarbon substituent of the acid or anhydride or derivatives thereof having an average of about 20 to about 500 carbon atoms, and at least one amine. 2. The liquid according to claim The composition of claim 1, wherein the oil phase is in an amount of from about 40 to about 70% by weight based on the weight of the emulsion. 3. The liquid according to claim The composition of claim 1, wherein the aqueous phase is present in an amount of from about 30% to about 60% by weight based on the weight of the emulsion. 4. The liquid according to claim The composition of claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is present in an amount from about 2.5% to about 25% by weight based on the weight of the oil phase. 5. The liquid according to claim 1, with a borate, phosphate, or molybdate content of from about 0.2% to about 20% by weight based on the weight of the aqueous phase. 6. The liquid according to claim The composition of claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is a salt in which the hydrocarbyl substituent has an average of from about 30 to about 500 carbon atoms. 7. The liquid according to claim The composition of claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is a salt in which the hydrocarbyl substituent has an average of about 40 to about 500 carbon atoms. 8. The liquid according to claim The composition of claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is a salt in which the hydrocarbyl substituent has an average of from about 50 to about 500 carbon atoms. 9. The liquid according to claim The composition of claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is a salt in which the hydrocarbyl substituent is an alkyl or alkenyl group. 10. The liquid according to claim The composition of claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is a salt in which the hydrocarbyl substituent is a poly (isobutylene) group. 11. The liquid according to claim The composition of claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is a salt derived from at least one amide derived from at least one primary and / or secondary amine. 12. The liquid according to claim The composition of claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is a salt derived from at least one amide derived from ammonia. 13. The liquid according to claim 14. The liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that the emulsifier is a salt derived from at least one amide derived from at least one mono-amine, characterized by the presence in its molecule of at least one primary or secondary amino group. 26 150 293 14. Liquid according to claim The method of claim 1, wherein the emulsifier comprises a salt derived from at least one polyamine amide containing at least one primary and / or secondary amine group. 15. The liquid according to claim The composition of claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is a salt derived from at least one amide derived from an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic monoamine of the primary or secondary order. 16. A liquid according to claim The composition of claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is a salt derived from at least one amide derived from at least one aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic polyamines of primary or secondary importance. 17. The liquid according to claim 4. The emulsifier of claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is a salt derived from at least one amide derived from at least one alkylene polyamine of formula 16, in which n is a number from 1 to about 10, r "independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group containing from about 50 carbon atoms and Alkylene is a group containing from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms. 18. A liquid according to claim 1 wherein the emulsifier is a salt derived from at least one ester derived from at least one monohydric alcohol or at least one monohydric alcohol. A liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that the emulsifier comprises a salt derived from at least one ester derived from at least one compound of the formula R - / OH / m, in which R is a monovalent or polyvalent group organic bonded to OH groups by carbon-oxygen bonds, and m is an integer from 1 to about 10. 20. A liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that as the emulsifier comprises a salt derived from at least one ester derived from at least one aromatic monohydroxy compound and / or at least one aromatic polyhydroxy compound. 21. A liquid according to claim A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the emulsifier is a salt derived from at least one ester and / or an amide derived from at least one hydroxyamine. 22. A liquid according to claim A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the emulsifier is a salt derived from at least one ester and / or an amide derived from at least one hydroxyamine containing at least one 1- or II-tier amino group. 23. The liquid according to claim A composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the emulsifier is a salt derived from at least one diethylethanolamine ester. 24. A liquid according to claim 2. The emulsifier of claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is a salt derived from at least one ester derived from succinic acid or succinic anhydride and at least one alcohol, with an alcohol to acid or anhydride ratio of from about 0.5 to about 3 alcohol equivalents per 1 equivalent of this acid or anhydride. 25. A liquid according to claim The formulation of claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is a salt derived from at least one amide derivative of succinic acid or succinic anhydride and at least one amine, with a ratio of amine to said acid or anhydride of from about 0.5 to about 3 amine equivalents per 1 the equivalent of this acid or anhydride. 26. A liquid according to claim The composition of claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is a salt derived from at least one monoamine and / or at least one polyamine. 27. A liquid according to claim A liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that the emulsifier is a salt derived from at least one primary, secondary and / or tertiary amine. 150 298 27 28. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the emulsifier is a salt derived from at least one aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and / or aromatic amine. 29. A liquid according to claim A composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the emulsifier is a salt derived from at least one aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and / or aromatic polyamine. 30. A liquid according to claim The emulsifier of claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is a salt derived from at least one alkylene polyamine of formula 16 in which n is from 1 to about 10, R "independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group with up to about 30 carbon atoms, and Alkylene The liquid according to claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is a salt derived from at least one N- (hydroxy-substituted) -hydrocarbyl amine, at least one hydroxy-substituted multi / Hydrocarboxylic acid / analog of this amine or a mixture thereof 32. A liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that the emulsifier comprises a salt derived from at least one alkanolamine with up to about 40 carbon atoms. the emulsifier is a salt derivative selected from the group consisting of 1-, II- and Tertiary alkanolamines of the formulas 18, 19 and 20, respectively, and the hydroxy-substituted oxyalkylene analogs of these alkanolamines of the formulas HN- / R'o / 2-1c-H, RN- / R'o / 2_15-H, RRN- / R'0 / 2-15-Hf where R is independently a hydrocarbyl group of from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms or a hydroxy-substituted hydrocarbyl group having from 2 to about 8 carbon atoms and R 'is a divalent hydrocarbyl group of from 2 to about 18 carbon atoms, and mixtures of two or more such compounds. 34. A liquid according to claim A composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the emulsifier is a salt derived from diethylethanolamine. 35. A liquid according to claim 35 Formula 1 CH3 -CH2-C - CK hyd-CHCOOH CH2C00H Formula 2 Formula 3 hyd-CHC CHC * 0 '0 H0- (RA0) as emulsifier. } -pRB-0 ^ Formula 5 0 II (RC ^ NMRQH? -R) yo Formula 6 Formula 4 u -SR ii 0 Formula? NH2-RfN-R V Formula 8 NH2- (RN) XJ- RN "R NH ¦ -1 JR Formula 9 ¦ NH: RNH &Lt; NH, M H {rn) 5-d RN - (r-n); NH, H n Formula 10 NH24 (CH2CH2N) 5-CHpH2-fsJ- (CH2CH2N) and [HH CH2 CH2 NH2 Formula 11150 298 NH2-Alkylene— (0-Alkylene -} - mNH2 Formula 12 R- Alkylene - (O-Alkylene ) -nNH; 3-6 Formula 13 NHrCH-CH2- (OCH2H) x NH2 CH3 CH3 Formula 14 CH ^ OCHf H) ^ NH2 I CH3 CH3-CH2-C-CH2- (OCH2CH) y NH2 I ch3 CH2- (0CH2CH) -2-NH2 CH «Formula 15 HN- (Alki'len - NJn-R 'IN r-vll Formula 16 R'-N-R2 I R3 W2or 17 H2N-R'-OH Formula 18 R \ NR- OH .N-R'-OH RR ^ Formula 19 H2N- (R'q) xH H Formula 20 \ Formula 21 R 'n- (r'o; xh Formula 22 RR \ N- (R'o) xH Formula 23 PL

Claims (35)

Claims 1. A hydraulic fluid being a water-in-oil emulsion containing a continuous oil phase, a dispersed water phase, an emulsifier and a rust inhibitor, in particular borate, molybdate and / or phosphate dissolved in the aqueous phase, characterized in that it contains at least one salt derivative of at least one containing a hydrocarbon substituent of succinic acid or succinic anhydride or an ester or amide derivative of that acid or anhydride, the hydrocarbon substituent of the acid or anhydride or its derivatives having an average of from about 20 to about 500 carbon atoms, and at least one amine. 2. The liquid according to claim The composition of claim 1, wherein the oil phase is in an amount of from about 40 to about 70% by weight based on the weight of the emulsion. 3. The liquid according to claim The composition of claim 1, wherein the aqueous phase is present in an amount of from about 30% to about 60% by weight based on the weight of the emulsion. 4. The liquid according to claim The composition of claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is present in an amount from about 2.5% to about 25% by weight based on the weight of the oil phase. 5. The liquid according to claim 1, with a borate, phosphate, or molybdate content of from about 0.2% to about 20% by weight based on the weight of the aqueous phase. 6. The liquid according to claim The composition of claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is a salt in which the hydrocarbyl substituent has an average of from about 30 to about 500 carbon atoms. 7. The liquid according to claim The composition of claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is a salt in which the hydrocarbyl substituent has an average of about 40 to about 500 carbon atoms. 8. The liquid according to claim The composition of claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is a salt in which the hydrocarbyl substituent has an average of from about 50 to about 500 carbon atoms. 9. The liquid according to claim The composition of claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is a salt in which the hydrocarbyl substituent is an alkyl or alkenyl group. 10. The liquid according to claim The composition of claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is a salt in which the hydrocarbyl substituent is a poly (isobutylene) group. 11. The liquid according to claim The composition of claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is a salt derived from at least one amide derived from at least one primary and / or secondary amine. 12. The liquid according to claim The composition of claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is a salt derived from at least one amide derived from ammonia. 13. The liquid according to claim A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the emulsifier is a salt derivative of at least one amide derivative of at least one mono-amine, characterized by the presence in its molecule of at least one primary or secondary amino group. 26 150 293 14. The liquid according to claim The method of claim 1, wherein the emulsifier comprises a salt derived from at least one polyamine amide containing at least one primary and / or secondary amine group. 15. The liquid according to claim The composition of claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is a salt derived from at least one amide derived from an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic monoamine of the primary or secondary order. 16. A liquid according to claim The composition of claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is a salt derived from at least one amide derived from at least one aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic polyamines of primary or secondary importance. 17. The liquid according to claim 4. The emulsifier of claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is a salt derived from at least one amide derived from at least one alkylene polyamine of formula 16, in which n is a number from 1 to about 10, r "independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group containing from about 50 carbon atoms and Alkylene represents a group containing from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms. 18. A liquid according to claim The composition of claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is a salt derived from at least one ester derived from at least one monohydric alcohol or at least one polyhydric alcohol. 19. The liquid according to claim A compound according to claim 1, characterized in that the emulsifier is a salt derived from at least one ester derivative of at least one compound of formula R - / OH / m, in which R is a monovalent or polyvalent organic group attached to OH groups by carbon-oxygen bonds, and stands for an integer from 1 to about 10. 20. The liquid according to claim A composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the emulsifier is a salt derived from at least one ester derived from at least one aromatic monohydroxy compound and / or at least one aromatic polyhydroxy compound. 21. A liquid according to claim A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the emulsifier is a salt derived from at least one ester and / or an amide derived from at least one hydroxyamine. 22. A liquid according to claim A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the emulsifier is a salt derived from at least one ester and / or an amide derived from at least one hydroxyamine containing at least one 1- or II-tier amino group. 23. The liquid according to claim A composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the emulsifier is a salt derived from at least one diethylethanolamine ester. 24. A liquid according to claim 2. The emulsifier of claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is a salt derived from at least one ester derived from succinic acid or succinic anhydride and at least one alcohol, with an alcohol to acid or anhydride ratio of from about 0.5 to about 3 alcohol equivalents per 1 equivalent of this acid or anhydride. 25. A liquid according to claim The formulation of claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is a salt derived from at least one amide derivative of succinic acid or succinic anhydride and at least one amine, with a ratio of amine to said acid or anhydride of from about 0.5 to about 3 amine equivalents per 1 the equivalent of this acid or anhydride. 26. A liquid according to claim The composition of claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is a salt derived from at least one monoamine and / or at least one polyamine. 27. A liquid according to claim A salt according to claim 1, characterized in that the emulsifier is a salt derived from at least one primary, secondary and / or tertiary amine. 150 298 27 28. A liquid according to claim A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the emulsifier is a salt derived from at least one aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and / or aromatic amine. 29. A liquid according to claim A composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the emulsifier is a salt derived from at least one aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and / or aromatic polyamine. 30. A liquid according to claim The emulsifier of claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is a salt derived from at least one alkylene polyamine of formula 16 in which n is from 1 to about 10, R "independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group with up to about 30 carbon atoms, and Alkylene it contains from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms. 31. A liquid according to claim The composition of claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is a salt derived from at least one N- (hydroxy-substituted) -hydrocarbyl amine, at least one hydroxy-substituted poly (hydrocarbyl) analog of said amine or a mixture thereof. 32. A liquid according to claim The composition of claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is a salt derived from at least one alkanolamine with up to about 40 carbon atoms. 33. A liquid according to claim The composition of claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is a salt derivative selected from the group consisting of 1-, II- and Tertiary alkanolamines of the formulas 18, 19 and 20, respectively, and the hydroxy-substituted oxyalkylene analogs of these alkanolamines of the formulas HN- / R'o / 2-1c-H, RN- / R'o / 2_15-H, RRN- / R'0 / 2_15-Hf in which R independently represent a hydrocarbon group of from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, or Hydroxy-substituted hydrocarbyl of 2 to about 8 carbon atoms and R 'is a divalent hydrocarbyl group of 2 to about 18 carbon atoms, and mixtures of two or more such compounds. 34. A liquid according to claim A composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the emulsifier is a salt derived from diethylethanolamine. 35. A liquid according to claim 35 Formula 1 CH3 -CH2-C - CK hyd-CHCOOH CH2C00H Formula 2 Formula 3 hyd-CHC CHC * 0 '0 H0- (RA0) as emulsifier is a salt derived from ammonia. 150 298 R-CHOC00H and R1 } -pRB-0 ^ Formula 5 0 II (RC ^ NMRQH? -R) yo Formula 6 Formula 4 u -SR ii 0 Formula? NH2-RfN-R V Formula 8 NH2- (RN) XJ- RN "R NH ¦ -1 JR Formula 9 ¦ NH: RNH <NH, MH {rn) 5-r 2 - (rn); NH, H n Formula 10 NH24 (CH2CH2N) 5-CHpH2-fsJ- (CH2CH2N) and [HH CH2 CH2 NH2 Formula 11150 298 NH2-Alkylene- (O-Alkylene -} - mNH2 Formula 12 R- Alkylene - (O-Alkylene) -nNH; 3-6 Formula 13 NHrCH-CH2- (OCHHH) x NH2 CH3 CH3 Formula 14 CH ^ OCHf H) ^ NH2 I CH3 CH3-CH2-C-CH2- (OCH2CH) y NH2 I ch3 CH2- (OCH2CH) -2-NH2 CH «Formula 15 HN- (Alki'len - NJn-R 'IN r -vll Formula 16 R'-N-R2 I R3 W2or 17 H2N-R'-OH Formula 18 R \ NR-OH .N-R'-OH RR ^ Formula 19 H2N- (R'q) xH H Formula 20 \ Formula 21 R 'n- (r'o; xh Formula 22 RR \ N- (R'o) xH Formula 23 PL