RU2266948C1 - Water-miscible lubricating fluid - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: special-destination fluids.

SUBSTANCE: water-miscible transformer oil-based lubricating fluid applicable in mechanical engineering for use in machining of metals contains, wt %: oleic acid 10.0-12.0, triethanolamine 4.0-6.0, addition "Detersol-140" 1.0-4.0, liquid chloroparaffins (KhP-470) 0.8-4.0, and polymethacrylate additive 0.3-0.7.

EFFECT: improved anticorrosive properties, increased resistance to biological damage, prolonged shelf time, and improved quality of machined parts.

4 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of protection of metals from wear, corrosion and disinfection. It can be used in the production of cutting fluids (coolant) and in the machine-building industry in the process of metal machining using coolant.

The effectiveness of the operation of metalworking equipment largely depends on the correct choice and application of coolant. The coolant action can be significantly affected by the conditions of metal processing (cutting, milling, drilling, etc.), the properties of the processed and tool metals, the design of the cutting tool, and other factors.

Coolants, as a rule, contain additives that have both a lubricating, cooling, dispersing, washing effect, and the sum of these actions in specific cutting conditions. An effective method of combating corrosion of processed metals and machine tools communications, as well as with biodegradation of coolants used is the use of additives with anticorrosive and bactericidal properties.

From the literature (1. Fuels and lubricants. Product market: Catalog / Compilers. - M.: Mashinostroenie, 1994. P.107-115, 2. Berdichevsky EG. Lubricating and cooling agents for processing materials: Reference book. - M .: Mashinostroenie, 1984. S.74-85) it is known that emulsols Akvol-15, Akvol-16, Akvol-18, SINKHO-6, MHO-67, Ukrinol-1 are widely used as coolant. The named compositions contain various improving additives. In the above literature 1,2 it is indicated that the compositions of emulsifying compositions, such as RIZOL, Carbamol-C1, EGT emulsicide, ET-2 emulsicide, ET-2 HCF emulsicide, include only bactericidal additives.

In the compositions of emulsifying compositions described in A.S. 43940 NRB. Published on September 30, 88, the role of anti-corrosion additives is played by the boron-containing ester of triethanolamine and / or ethylene glycol and fatty acids and the condensation product of sodium tetraborate decahydrate with ethylene glycol.

In the book Oils produced by enterprises of the USSR Ministry of Oil and Gas Industry: ed. V.M.Shkolnikova, N.A. Kuznetsova. Directory. - M .: TsNIITEneftekhim, 1986, p. 49 describes NL-205 emulsol, the composition of which as an anti-corrosion additive includes 0.5 wt.% Sodium nitrite and 0.5 wt.% Trisodium phosphate.

Oil-based cutting fluids are widely used in metal cutting processes. So, from RU 2175667, publ. 11/10/2001. Bull. No. 31, emulsol is known, consisting of the following components, wt.%: Oil I-20 A 70-74; tall oil 19-23; caustic soda 3.5-4.5; ethylene glycol rest. Emulsol additionally contains an anticorrosive and bactericidal additive, which is a neutralized product of the interaction of an esterified mixture of di- and trimethylolurea with a salt of phosphoric acid in an amount of 4-10 wt.%.

Common features of the known technical solution and the present invention is the use of oils as a base coolant.

In Berdichevsky E.G. Cutting lubricants for processing materials: a Handbook. - M .: Mashinostroenie, 1984. P.81-83 describes an emulsifying composition (coolant) of the ET-2 brand, which is a colloidal solution of bound and free acids of tall oil and oil asidole in mineral oil. The emulcid is stabilized by water and alcohol.

Common features of the known technical solution and the present invention is also the use of mineral oils as a base in the composition of the coolant.

From RU 2201435, publ. 03/27/2003, an emulsifying composition is known, which includes 30-50 wt.% Base oil base, 25-45 wt.% A mixture of polyoxyethylene glycol ethers of synthetic primary fatty alcohols fraction C ₁₀ -C ₂₀ , 0.06-0.12 wt.% polymethylsiloxane, 4-10 wt.% sodium tripolyphosphate, 4-10 wt.% bactericidal and anti-corrosion additives and the rest is ethylene glycol.

Common features of the known technical solution and the present invention is the presence in their formulation of the base base, which is a mineral oil.

Close to the proposed composition is described in Berdichevsky E.G. Cutting lubricants for processing materials: a Handbook. - M .: Mechanical Engineering, 1984. P.82 emulsifying composition, which contains a mixture of mineral oils, emulsifier, transformer distillate extract, triethanolamine and anti-corrosion additive.

Common features of the known technical solution and the present invention is that the composition includes triethanolamine and mineral oil.

The main disadvantages of emulsols and water-miscible coolants obtained on their basis are corrosion, susceptibility to biodefeat and short-term storage of emulsions obtained from them; monofunctionality, high cost, significant toxicity, lack of effectiveness of improving additives and the need to organize the production of some of them.

The closest (prototype) in technical essence and the achieved effect to the proposed invention is emulsion SP-3, described in Oils, produced by enterprises of the USSR Ministry of Oil and Chemical Industry. Ed. V.M.Shkolnikova, N.A. Kuznetsova. Directory. - M.: TsNIITEneftekhim, 1986, p. 48. The composition of this emulsifying composition (coolant) includes transformer oil, triethanolamine and oleic acid.

The disadvantages of the prototype are the high corrosiveness of water-miscible coolant, their significant biodegradability and the limited shelf life (short-term) of the water emulsion, poor lubricating, anti-wear and extreme pressure properties.

The objective of the invention is to expand the range of water-miscible coolant with good bactericidal, anti-corrosion, lubricating, anti-wear and extreme pressure properties.

The technical result, the achievement of which is achieved by the implementation of the claimed invention, is to improve the anticorrosive, lubricating, antiwear and extreme pressure properties of water miscible coolant; in increasing their resistance to biodefeat; in increasing the shelf life of the aqueous emulsion; in eliminating corrosion and cracking of the metal surface of workpieces and tools used; in the prevention of chipping of incisors, the deposition of sludge and resinous substances on the surfaces of the cutting tool and the processed products, the oxidation and foaming of the coolant, rupture of the oil flow and the formation of aerosol (oil mist) when using coolant, setting the cutting tool with the processed material.

The specified technical result from the sale of coolant, including oleic acid, triethanolamine, the base base of transformer oil, is achieved due to the fact that the composition additionally contains the additive "Detersol-140", liquid chlorinated paraffin wax (grade HP-470), and the polymethacrylate additive grade "D" ( PMA-D), in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

oleic acid 10.0-12.0 triethanolamine 4.0-6.0 Detersol 140 1.0-4.0 HP-470 0.8-4.0 PMA-D 0.3-0.7 base transformer oil rest

A comparative analysis of the prototype and the proposed invention shows that the use of oleic acid, triethanolamine and the base base of transformer oil is common in the composition of the coolant.

A distinctive feature of the claimed coolant is that the composition includes the following additives: Detersol-140 and KhP-470 and a polymethacrylate additive grade "D", previously not jointly used for these purposes.

The following are the characteristics of additives used for the first time as coolant components.

1. Detersol-140 additive manufactured in accordance with TU 38.601-13-071-92 is a colloidal dispersion of calcium carbonate in a diluent oil of grade M-6 (TU 38.101.523-80) stabilized with calcium alkyl salicylate based on ethylene oligomers C ₁₆ -C ₁₈ with excessive alkalinity and is designed to improve the performance properties of motor oils. The additive has high temperature detergents, dispersants, antioxidants, neutralizing and anti-corrosion properties.

The additive has the following physico-chemical characteristics:

- kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C, mm ² / s - not more than 35,

- total alkaline number, mg KOH / g - in the range of 135-170,

- mass fraction of calcium alkyl salicylate and calcium carbonate,% - not less than 35,

- solubility in oil is complete.

The additive Detersol-140 due to its high alkalinity is able to neutralize acidic compounds in the oil coolant that accumulate in it during operation. Calcium carbonate, which is released during the decomposition of the Detersol-140 additive in high temperature zones, takes an active part in the reaction of neutralizing acidic products. The indicated feature is realized in an oil film formed on a heated surface, while the anticorrosive properties of the detergent-140 containing coolant are improved. In addition, the presence in the coolant of this additive prevents its oxidation, prevents the settling of sludge and resinous substances on the surfaces of the cutting tool and the processed products. The additive also neutralizes the waste products of bacteria, showing bactericidal properties.

2. The polymethacrylate additive grade "D", prepared according to TU 6-01-270-94, is a 30-40% (wt.) Solution of polymethacrylate in industrial oil I-20 A. The polymethacrylate additive grade "D" is obtained by the polymerization of ethers methacrylic acid and synthetic primary alcohols of the Alfol type, fraction C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ . The additive is used as an additive to lubricating oils to lower the pour point, increase the viscosity and viscosity index, it is readily soluble in mineral oils.

The additive has the following physico-chemical characteristics:

- kinematic viscosity at 50 ° C, mm ² / s (cSt) 900-2500,

- mass fraction of active substance,% (wt.) 30-40.

PMA-D is a viscous, anti-fog and anti-foam additive. When this polymer additive is introduced into the coolant, the amount of oil mist formed decreases due to the adsorption of polymer micromolecules on particles of paraffin hydrocarbons of the oil base, while the breakdown of the oil flow and the formation of aerosol are prevented.

When used together in the composition of the inventive coolant Detersola-140 and PMA-D, the emulsifying properties and the viscosity index of the claimed composition are improved.

3. Chlorinated liquid paraffins (KP-470) - a secondary plasticizer in light polymer compositions.

KP-470 have the following physicochemical parameters:

- density at 20 ° C, kg / m ³ , in the range 1185-1235,

- viscosity, Pa · s, not more than 0.115,

- mass fraction of chlorine,%, in the range of 45-49.

Due to the addition of HP-470, the effectiveness of the lubricating component, transformer oil, is increased. CP-470 is also included in this composition as an inhibitor of oxidation, corrosion, extreme pressure and antiwear additives. This additive prevents the cutting tool from sticking to the material being processed and reduces the wear rate of the tool at high temperatures and mechanical loads. It is known that antioxidant additives by their nature are complex substances containing salts of strong acids or components such as chlorine, sulfur, nitrogen, etc. The activity of antiwear additives also depends on the presence of active chemical elements (sulfur, chlorine, nitrogen, phosphorus and other). When using this coolant, strong boundary films are formed due to the chemical interaction of the additive with the metal.

Despite the fact that the claimed additives Detersol-140, PMA-D and KP-470 are well known and widely used in production, the composition is not described in the prior art when used simultaneously in the coolant.

It has been experimentally established that the additives included in the composition of the claimed coolant reinforce each other and at the same time have the sum of the above actions in specific operating conditions of the coolant.

A synergistic effect is manifested, for example, in the joint presence and interaction of additives PMA-D and Detersol-140, which consists in improving the dispersion properties of the composition. The consistency of the coolant when these additives are included in its composition becomes homogeneous. An aqueous emulsion prepared from the inventive coolant does not exfoliate during prolonged storage and is resistant to biodefeat, and a layer of oil does not accumulate on its surface. The emulsion obtained from the coolant according to the prototype exfoliates during storage, decays, and an oil layer accumulates on its surface. Due to the joint presence of these additives, the coolant in the process of its use has both a lubricating, cooling, dispersing, washing effect, and the sum of these actions in specific processing conditions of metal products.

The following examples show an embodiment of the invention.

Example 1. Preparation of coolant.

The inventive coolant is obtained in a contactor-mixer as follows.

To 1/2 of the estimated amount of transformer oil, the calculated amount of oleic acid and triethanolamine is added. The resulting mixture was stirred for one hour, after which the calculated amount of Detersol-140, CP-470 and PMA-D was successively introduced. This mixture was also stirred for one hour. Upon receipt of a mixture of homogeneous consistency, the remainder (1/2 of the calculated amount) of the transformer oil is added and mixed again for two hours. The process is carried out at a temperature of 18-35 ° C.

As a result of the implementation of the invention receive coolant containing, wt.%:

oleic acid 10 triethanolamine 5 Detersol-140 2 HP-470 2 PMA-D 0.5 base transformer oil rest.

Example 2. Determination of the bactericidal properties of the coolant.

The bactericidal properties of the coolant obtained in Example 1 were studied by the method described in Lubricating-cooling technological means for metal cutting: Handbook / Ed. S.G.Entelisa, E.M. Berliner. - 2nd ed., Revised. and add. M .: Mashinostroenie, 1995. 496 s. A 0.5% (wt.) Aqueous solution of 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTX) was used as an indicator.

The microbiological damage score of the emulsion is assessed visually by the presence and intensity of the color of a 10% aqueous emulsion prepared from the inventive coolant and coolant according to the prototype. When testing the coolant with the composition of the prototype shows the maximum IV-th biodefeat score on a V-point scale from 0 to IV. This coolant is unsuitable for further operation. The coolant of the claimed composition defined 0 point biodefeat, this coolant for a long time is well stored and remains suitable for use.

Example 3. Determination of the anticorrosive properties of the coolant. The anticorrosive properties of the coolant were evaluated according to the method described in (GOST 2917-76 "Method for determining the corrosive effects on metals"). Corrosion score is evaluated in coolants prepared according to the prototype and according to the claimed invention. As a result of the tests, it was found that the coolant prepared according to the prototype has a corrosion score of III (V-scale from 0 to IV points), which corresponds to a moderate degree of corrosion. The coolant prepared according to the claimed formulation has a score of 0, which corresponds to the absence of corrosion.

Example 4. Test of the inventive coolant in an industrial environment. During the operation of the proposed coolant in the mechanical-repair plant during the metalworking, the working efficiency increased under all modes of processing metal products. An aqueous emulsion prepared from the inventive coolant, during long-term storage, retained its original physico-chemical properties, did not exfoliate, did not have a putrid odor, and during its operation did not have a corrosive effect on the metal of the machine. The use of an emulsion prepared from a known coolant composition leads to visible signs of corrosion of the metal parts of the machine. Practice has shown that when machining metals using the inventive coolant, the process is softer, the machined surface of the parts has a lower roughness. It is shown that the tested batch of coolant of the claimed composition facilitates the process of cutting metal and improves the quality of the processed products.

The presented examples convincingly show the possibility of implementing the invention and achieving the claimed technical result.

Compared with the known emulsifying compositions (coolant), which either do not have the necessary operational properties, or are difficult in composition and method of preparation, the claimed coolant allows to achieve the desired results with simple means using widely known and available products. The use of the proposed composition provides, in comparison with the known coolants, a significant increase in the reliability and long service life of machines and tools.

Claims (1)

A water-miscible cutting fluid comprising oleic acid, triethanolamine, a base transformer oil base, characterized in that the liquid additionally contains Detersol-140 additive, liquid chlorinated paraffin wax grade HP-470, a polymethacrylate additive grade D (PMA-D) with the following ratio of components, wt.%: Oleic acid 10.0-12.0 Triethanolamine 4.0-6.0 Detersol-140 1.0-4.0 HP-470 0.8-4.0 PMA-D 0.3-0.7 Transformer Oil Base Rest