PL109966B1 - Method of producing water-soluble phenol-formaldehyde-urea resins - Google Patents

Method of producing water-soluble phenol-formaldehyde-urea resins Download PDF

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Publication number
PL109966B1
PL109966B1 PL20123377A PL20123377A PL109966B1 PL 109966 B1 PL109966 B1 PL 109966B1 PL 20123377 A PL20123377 A PL 20123377A PL 20123377 A PL20123377 A PL 20123377A PL 109966 B1 PL109966 B1 PL 109966B1
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Poland
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formaldehyde
weight
phenol
urea
resin
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PL20123377A
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Polish (pl)
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PL201233A1 (en
Inventor
Marian Gryta
Jan Nowak
Romuald Palubicki
Tadeusz Kostka
Jerzy Borkiewicz
Zdzislaw Olszowy
Helena Wisniewskazietek
Bronislaw Kaledowski
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Inst Ciezkiej Syntezy Orga
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Priority to PL20123377A priority Critical patent/PL109966B1/en
Priority to CS629278A priority patent/CS208755B2/en
Publication of PL201233A1 publication Critical patent/PL201233A1/en
Publication of PL109966B1 publication Critical patent/PL109966B1/en

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Description

Przedmiotem wynalazku jest sposób wytwarza¬ nia zywic fenolowo-formaldehydowo-moczniko- wych, przeznaczonych jako lepiszcze do wlókien mineralnych i szklanych.Znane sa rózne sposoby syntezy zywic przezna¬ czonych na lepiszcze do plyt izolacyjnych, otrzy¬ mywanych przez sklejanie wlókien pochodzenia nieorganicznego.Wedlug francuskiego opisu patentowego nr 2228803 w celu otrzymania lepiszcza do welny mi¬ neralnej prowadzi sie proces dwustopniowo, przy czym w pierwszym etapie kontaktuje sie fenol z formaldehydem przy stosunku molowym 1:1 do 1:2,5 w obecnosci alkalicznego katalizatora w tem¬ peraturze 30—70 °C, w drugim etapie kontaktuje sie otrzymana zywice fenolowo-formaldehyd owa przy stosunku molowym mocznika do wolnego formaldehydu pomiedzy 1:0,8 i 1:2,3 w tempera¬ turze 30—90°C. Podstawowym mankamentem syn¬ tezy wedlug tego sposobu jest stosowanie duzych ilosci alkalicznego katalizatora, bo siegajacych 0,3^1,0% wagowych w przeliczeniu ma mase fe¬ nolu. Tak duza zawartosc nie zobojetnionych zwiazków alkalicznych powoduje, ze przy zasto¬ sowaniu produktu na lepiszcze do welny mineral¬ nej uzyskuje sie wyroby o duzej chlonnosci wo¬ dy, przez to pogarsza sie ich wlasnosci izolacyj¬ ne.Wedlug opisu patentowego RFN nr 2437042 wy¬ twarza sie zywice fenolowo-formaldehydowo-mo- 10 15 25 30 cznikowa, przeznaczona na lepiszcze do wlókna szklanego, w wieloetapowym procesie w obecnosci ,tlenku wapnia jako katalizatora w warunkach zmiennej temperatury i dodatku dwucyjanodiwu- amidu i mocznika. Po zakonczeniu procesu kon¬ densacji zywice neutralizuje sie mieszanina kwa¬ su siarkowego i fosforowego. Wada tego sposobu jest jego zlozony przebieg, jak równiez czaso¬ chlonnosc poszczególnych operacji.Istota wynalazku polega- na przeprowadzeniu syntezy zywicy w dwu etapach. W pierwszym z nich kondensuje sie fenol z formaldehydem przy stosunku molowym 1:2,8—1:4,5 w obecnosci tlenku wapnia jako katalizatora, wprowadzanego w ilosci do 0,5%waigowych w stosunku do masy reagen¬ tów, w temperaturze 70—96°C, a nastepnie wpro¬ wadza sie mocznik w ilosci 5—40% wagowych, korzystnie 10—30% wagowych w stosunku do ma¬ sy zywicy fenolowo-fonmaldehydowej, po czym re¬ akcje kontynuuje sie do zawartosci wodnego for¬ maldehydu ponizej 2% wagowych. Uzyskany proT • dukt zobojetnia sie kwasem mineralnym lub jego sola amonowa do pH 8+1.Sposób wedlug wynalazku w stosunku do doty¬ chczas znanych charakteryzuje sie prostym prze¬ biegiem syntezy oraz niskiem zuzyciem kataliza¬ tora. Korzystne jest równiez stosowanie wysokiego stosunku molowego formaldehydu do fenolu sie¬ gajace 2,8—4,5.Przyklad I. Do reaktora szklanego o poje- 109 966109 966 ranoscd 10 1 wprowadza sie 2666 g 36% formaliny oraz 940 g fenolu i 13,8 g tlenku wapnia, po czym podusi sie temperature mieszaniny reakcyjnej do 80°C i utrzymuje w tej temperaturze do obnize¬ nia zawartosci wolnego formaldehydu do poziomu 9,29%. Nastepnie wprowadza sie 1577 g 40% wod¬ nego roztworu mocznika o temperaturze 22°C; temperatura reakcji obniza sie do 63°C, a po ob¬ nizeniu wolnego formaldehydu do zawartosci 0,64% wagowych, igotowy produkt schladza sie do 25°C.Posiada on nastepujace wlasnosci: — rozpuszczalnosc w wodzie — nieskonczona — zawartosc wolnego fenolu — 1,7% wagowych — gestosc — 1,132 g/cm8 — zawartosc suchej masy — 37,6% wagowych Przyklad II. Do reaktora o pojemnosci 1 1, zaopatrzonego w uklad ogrzewania i chlodzenia oraz w termometr, wprowadza sie 4 mole 36% for¬ maliny, 1 mol fenolu oraz 0,023 mola tlenku wap¬ nia i ogrzewa sie wymieszane substraty reakcji do temperatury 90°C, a nastepnie utrzymuje w tych warunkach do obnizenia stezenia formalde¬ hydu do 15,5% wagowych, po czym wdozowuje sie 55 g mocznika i kontynuuje kondensacje az do obnizenia zawartosci wolnego formaldehydu do 0,81% wagowych, wtedy szybko schladza sie uzys¬ kany produkt do temperatury 25°C. Po obnizeniu pH do 7,5 za pomoca 30% kwasu solnego uzys¬ kuje sie produkt o nastepujacych wlasnosciach: — rozpuszczalnosc w wodzie — nieskonczona — zawartosc wolnego formaldehydu — 0,78% wag. — gestosc — 1,136 g/cm3 — zawartosc suchej masy — 38,1% wag.Przyklad III. Zywice kondensowana wed¬ lug przykladu I naniesiono na welne mineralna i utwardzono w podwyzszonej temperaturze. Uzys¬ kano plyte o przecietnej zawartosci 2,9% czesci organicznych. Plyta ta posiadala nastepujace wlas¬ nosci: — wytrzymalosc na rozerwanie — 690 kG/m2 10 15 25 35 40 — chlonnosc wody, przez calkowite zanurzenie;" — 25% wag.Dla porównania plyta, która uzyskano przy za¬ stosowaniu zywicy kandensowanej, identycznie ale bez dodatku mocznika posiadala nastepujace wla¬ snosci: — wytrzymalosc na rozerwanie — 250 kG/m2 — chlonnosc wody, przez calkowite zanurzenie — 35% wag.Zastrzezenia patentowe 1. Sposób wytwarzania wodarozpuszczalnych zy¬ wic fenolowo-formaldehydowo-mocznikowych z zy¬ wicy fenolowo-formaldehydowej i - mocznika, zna¬ mienny tym, ze w pierwszym etapie kondensuje sie zywice fenolowo-formaldehydowa przy stosun¬ ku molowym fenolu do formaldehydu wynosza¬ cym 1:2,8—4,5 w obecnosci tlenku wapnia, wpro¬ wadzonego w ilosci do 0,50% wagowych w sto¬ sunku do masy substratów, w temperaturze 70— 96°C, a nastepnie z chwila gdy zywica fenolowo - -formaldehydowa zawiera 1—20% wagowych, ko¬ rzystnie 3—12% wagowych wolnego formaldehy¬ du, wprow7adza sie mocznik w ilosci 5—40% wa¬ gowych, korzystnie 10—30% wagowych, w stosun¬ ku do masy zywicy fenolowo-formaldehydowej, p», czym kondensacje kontynuuje sie az do uzyskania zywicy o zawartosci wolnego formaldehydu poni¬ zej 2% wagowych a uzyskany produkt schladza sie do temperatury ponizej 25°C i dodaje kwasu mineralnego lub jego soli amonowych zobojetnia¬ jac zywice do pH — 8+1. 2. Sposób wedlug zastrz. 1, znamienny tym, ze mocznik wprowadza sie przy temperaturze zywicy fenolowo-formaldehydowej w zakresie 10—98°C. 3. Sposób wedlug zastrz. 1 znamienny tym, ze mocznik wprowadza sie w postaci ciala stalego lub korzystnie w postaci 35—7Q% wodnego roz¬ tworu. 4. Sposób wedlug zastrz. 3, znamienny tym, ze wprowadza sie dodatkowo wode w ilosci 5—50% wagowych w stosunku do ilosci wprowadzonego* mocznika.PZG-raf. Koszalin, D-3239, 115 egz., A-4 Cena 45 zl PLThe subject of the invention is a method of producing phenol-formaldehyde-urea resins intended as a binder for mineral and glass fibers. Various methods of synthesizing resins intended for binder for insulation boards, obtained by gluing fibers of inorganic origin, are known. of French Patent No. 2,228,803, in order to obtain a mineral wool binder, a two-stage process is carried out, in which in the first stage phenol is contacted with formaldehyde at a molar ratio of 1: 1 to 1: 2.5 in the presence of an alkaline catalyst at a temperature of 30 -70 ° C, in a second step the obtained phenol-formaldehyde resin is contacted with a mole ratio of urea to free formaldehyde between 1: 0.8 and 1: 2.3 at a temperature of 30-90 ° C. The main drawback of synthesis according to this method is the use of large amounts of alkaline catalyst, i.e. up to 0.3-1.0% by weight, based on the weight of the phenol. Such a high content of non-neutralized alkaline compounds causes that when the product is used as a mineral wool binder, products with a high water absorption are obtained, and their insulating properties deteriorate. According to German patent specification No. 2437042 excl. a phenol-formaldehyde-urea resin intended for a binder for glass fibers is formed in a multistage process in the presence of calcium oxide as a catalyst under varying temperature conditions and addition of di-cyanedivamide and urea. After completion of the condensation process, the resins are neutralized with a mixture of sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid. The disadvantage of this method is its complex course as well as the time required for individual operations. The essence of the invention consists in carrying out the resin synthesis in two steps. In the first of these phenol is condensed with formaldehyde at a molar ratio of 1: 2.8-1: 4.5 in the presence of calcium oxide as a catalyst, introduced in an amount of up to 0.5% by weight with respect to the mass of reactants, at a temperature of 70 -96 ° C, and then urea is introduced in an amount of 5 to 40% by weight, preferably 10-30% by weight, based on the weight of the phenol-phonmaldehyde resin, and the reaction is continued until the amount of aqueous formaldehyde is present. less than 2% by weight. The resulting product is neutralized with a mineral acid or its ammonium salt to a pH of 8 +1. The method according to the invention is characterized by a simple synthesis course and a low catalyst consumption compared to those known to date. It is also advantageous to use a high molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol, ranging from 2.8-4.5. Example I. In a glass reactor with a capacity of 10 liters, 2666 g of 36% formalin and 940 g of phenol and 13 8 g of calcium oxide, then the temperature of the reaction mixture is raised to 80 ° C and maintained at this temperature until the content of free formaldehyde is reduced to the level of 9.29%. 1577 g of a 40% strength aqueous urea solution at 22 ° C. are then introduced; the reaction temperature drops to 63 ° C, and after lowering the free formaldehyde to 0.64% by weight, the finished product cools down to 25 ° C. It has the following properties: - water solubility - infinite - free phenol content - 1 , 7% by weight - density - 1.132 g / cm8 - dry matter content - 37.6% by weight. Example II. 4 moles of 36% formlin, 1 mole of phenol and 0.023 moles of calcium oxide are introduced into a 1 liter reactor, equipped with a heating and cooling system and a thermometer, and the mixed reactants are heated to 90 ° C, and then it is maintained under these conditions until the concentration of formaldehyde is reduced to 15.5% by weight, then 55 g of urea are added and the condensation is continued until the content of free formaldehyde is reduced to 0.81% by weight, then the product obtained is quickly cooled down to temperature of 25 ° C. After lowering the pH to 7.5 with 30% hydrochloric acid, a product is obtained with the following properties: - solubility in water - infinite - free formaldehyde content - 0.78% by weight. - density - 1.136 g / cm3 - dry matter content - 38.1% by weight Example III. The condensed resin according to Example 1 was applied to the mineral wool and hardened at an elevated temperature. The obtained plate had an average content of 2.9% of organic parts. This board had the following properties: - tear strength - 690 kg / m2 10 15 25 35 40 - water absorption, by total immersion; "- 25 wt%. For comparison, a board that was obtained using a candied resin, identical but without the addition of urea, it had the following properties: - tear strength - 250 kg / m2 - water absorption, by total immersion - 35% by weight. phenol-formaldehyde and urea, characterized in that the phenol-formaldehyde resin is condensed in the first step at a molar ratio of phenol to formaldehyde of 1: 2.8-4.5 in the presence of calcium oxide, introduced in an amount up to 0.50% by weight based on the weight of the starting materials, at a temperature of 70-96 ° C, and then when the phenol-formaldehyde resin contains 1-20% by weight, preferably 3-12% by weight of free formaldehyde, power is introduced the amount of 5 to 40% by weight, preferably 10-30% by weight, based on the weight of the phenol-formaldehyde resin, whereby the condensation is continued until the resin has a free formaldehyde content of less than 2% by weight. and the resulting product is cooled to a temperature below 25 ° C and the mineral acid or its ammonium salts are added to neutralize the resin to a pH of 8 + 1. 2. The method according to claim The process of claim 1, wherein the urea is introduced at a temperature of the phenol-formaldehyde resin in the range 10-98 ° C. 3. The method according to p. A method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the urea is introduced as a solid or preferably in the form of 35-7% aqueous solution. 4. The method according to p. A process as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that additionally the amount of water is added in an amount of 5-50% by weight in relation to the amount of urea used. Koszalin, D-3239, 115 copies, A-4 Price PLN 45 PL

Claims (4)

Zastrzezenia patentowe 1. Sposób wytwarzania wodarozpuszczalnych zy¬ wic fenolowo-formaldehydowo-mocznikowych z zy¬ wicy fenolowo-formaldehydowej i - mocznika, zna¬ mienny tym, ze w pierwszym etapie kondensuje sie zywice fenolowo-formaldehydowa przy stosun¬ ku molowym fenolu do formaldehydu wynosza¬ cym 1:2,8—4,5 w obecnosci tlenku wapnia, wpro¬ wadzonego w ilosci do 0,50% wagowych w sto¬ sunku do masy substratów, w temperaturze 70— 96°C, a nastepnie z chwila gdy zywica fenolowo - -formaldehydowa zawiera 1—20% wagowych, ko¬ rzystnie 3—12% wagowych wolnego formaldehy¬ du, wprow7adza sie mocznik w ilosci 5—40% wa¬ gowych, korzystnie 10—30% wagowych, w stosun¬ ku do masy zywicy fenolowo-formaldehydowej, p», czym kondensacje kontynuuje sie az do uzyskania zywicy o zawartosci wolnego formaldehydu poni¬ zej 2% wagowych a uzyskany produkt schladza sie do temperatury ponizej 25°C i dodaje kwasu mineralnego lub jego soli amonowych zobojetnia¬ jac zywice do pH — 8+1.Claims 1. A method for the preparation of water-soluble phenol-formaldehyde-urea resins from phenol-formaldehyde resin and urea, characterized in that the phenol-formaldehyde resins are condensed in the first stage at a molar ratio of phenol to formaldehyde It is 1: 2.8-4.5 in the presence of calcium oxide, introduced in an amount up to 0.50% by weight of the weight of the substrates, at a temperature of 70-96 ° C, and then when the phenolic resin The formaldehyde contains 1-20% by weight, preferably 3-12% by weight of free formaldehyde, urea is added in an amount of 5 to 40% by weight, preferably 10-30% by weight, based on the weight of the resin. phenol-formaldehyde, whereby the condensation is continued until a resin with a free formaldehyde content of less than 2% by weight is obtained, and the resulting product is cooled to a temperature below 25 ° C and the mineral acid or its ammonium salts are added to neutralize the resin to pH - 8 + 1. 2. Sposób wedlug zastrz. 1, znamienny tym, ze mocznik wprowadza sie przy temperaturze zywicy fenolowo-formaldehydowej w zakresie 10—98°C.2. The method according to claim The process of claim 1, wherein the urea is introduced at a temperature of the phenol-formaldehyde resin in the range 10-98 ° C. 3. Sposób wedlug zastrz. 1 znamienny tym, ze mocznik wprowadza sie w postaci ciala stalego lub korzystnie w postaci 35—7Q% wodnego roz¬ tworu.3. The method according to p. A method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the urea is introduced as a solid or preferably in the form of 35-7% aqueous solution. 4. Sposób wedlug zastrz. 3, znamienny tym, ze wprowadza sie dodatkowo wode w ilosci 5—50% wagowych w stosunku do ilosci wprowadzonego* mocznika. PZG-raf. Koszalin, D-3239, 115 egz., A-4 Cena 45 zl PL4. The method according to p. A process as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that additional water is added in an amount of 5 to 50% by weight with respect to the amount of urea used. PZG-raf. Koszalin, D-3239, 115 copies, A-4 Price PLN 45 PL
PL20123377A 1977-09-30 1977-09-30 Method of producing water-soluble phenol-formaldehyde-urea resins PL109966B1 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL20123377A PL109966B1 (en) 1977-09-30 1977-09-30 Method of producing water-soluble phenol-formaldehyde-urea resins
CS629278A CS208755B2 (en) 1977-09-30 1978-09-28 Method of making the in water soluble ureaphenolfor maldehyde rasins

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PL20123377A PL109966B1 (en) 1977-09-30 1977-09-30 Method of producing water-soluble phenol-formaldehyde-urea resins

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PL109966B1 true PL109966B1 (en) 1980-06-30

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CS208755B2 (en) 1981-09-15

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