PL10885B1 - Method of reducing the explosive capacity of compressed gases contained in porous masses. - Google Patents
Method of reducing the explosive capacity of compressed gases contained in porous masses. Download PDFInfo
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- PL10885B1 PL10885B1 PL10885A PL1088527A PL10885B1 PL 10885 B1 PL10885 B1 PL 10885B1 PL 10885 A PL10885 A PL 10885A PL 1088527 A PL1088527 A PL 1088527A PL 10885 B1 PL10885 B1 PL 10885B1
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- decomposition
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 10
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 title description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 10
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 6
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical class OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical class OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003868 ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008262 pumice Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 2
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 2
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000003301 Ceiba pentandra Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000146553 Ceiba pentandra Species 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PQUCIEFHOVEZAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diammonium sulfite Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S([O-])=O PQUCIEFHOVEZAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 244000297179 Syringa vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004338 Syringa vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000218 acetic acid group Chemical group C(C)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000008043 acidic salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001166 ammonium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005588 carbonic acid salt group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001913 cyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GRWZHXKQBITJKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dithionous acid Chemical class OS(=O)S(O)=O GRWZHXKQBITJKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011833 salt mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000003892 tartrate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003567 thiocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004764 thiosulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Description
Wiadomo, ze gazy palne lub latwo wy¬ buchajace przesyla sie w postaci skroplo¬ nej, sprezonej lub rozpuszczonej w cie¬ czach, np. acetylen, który rozpuszcza sie w acetonie. Jako srodka zabezpieczajacego gazy od wybuchu mogacego powstac na skutek przenoszenia lub miejscowego o- grzania scianek zbiornika, uzywa sie cial porowatych, wypelniajacych calkowicie wnetrze zbiornika.It is known that flammable or easily detonating gases are conveyed in liquefied, compressed or dissolved form in liquids, for example acetylene, which is dissolved in acetone. As a means to protect the gases from an explosion that may arise as a result of transport or local heating of the tank walls, porous bodies that completely fill the interior of the tank are used.
Tegorodzaju ciala porowate mozna sto¬ sowac w postaci przesianej, tluczonej lub przetopionej, pochodzenia organicznego lub mineralnego. Okazalo sie, ze ciala organicz¬ ne jak np. kapok, bawelna, wlóknik, troci¬ ny, siersc zwierzeca, jedwab, rdzen bzu, torf, nawóz konski i tym podobne, uzyte ja¬ ko takie nie sa w stanie dac calkowitej gwa¬ rancji usuniecia niebezpieczenstwa wybu¬ chu przy jakiemkolwiek cofnieciu sie plo¬ mienia lub przy miejscowem nagrzaniu scianek zbiornika. Równiez mieszaniny cial organicznych i mineralnych, w których or¬ ganiczne czesci skladowe nie sa dostatecz¬ nie zabezpieczone przez skladniki mineral¬ ne, nie okazuja wystarczajacego bezpie¬ czenstwa. Same zas skladniki mineralne przy niewystarczajacej gestosci moga znów nie powstrzymac rozkladu acetylenu w ca¬ lej masie.This type of porous body may be screened, mashed or melted, of organic or mineral origin. It turned out that organic bodies such as, for example, kapok, cotton, fiber, sawdust, animal hair, silk, lilac core, peat, horse manure and the like, used as such, are not able to give complete blast. remove the risk of an explosion in the event of any flashback or local heating of the tank walls. Also, mixtures of organic and mineral bodies in which the organic components are not sufficiently protected by the mineral components do not show sufficient safety. Minerals alone, with insufficient densities, may again fail to inhibit the decomposition of acetylene throughout the mass.
Przy rozpadzie acetylenu zachodzacym wsród objawów ognia wewnatrz zbiornika, a wywolanym na skutek udzielenia bodz¬ ców zewnetrznych, jak to okazaly badaniaprzy zastosowaniu cial organicznych, za- chgdfi* scieczenie i rczklad wystepujacy wskutek wysokiej temperatury.With the decomposition of acetylene occurring among the fire symptoms inside the tank and induced by external stimuli, as has been shown by studies with the use of organic bodies, the heat and the pollution caused by heat.
Wydzielanie sie acetylem* w naczyniu stopniowo postepuje n^praód, a przy pod¬ wyzszonej temperaturze i preznosci naste¬ puje rozklad dalszych ilosci acetylenu i wkoncu moze zdarzyc sie rozwalenie cale¬ go naczynia.Release of acetyl in the vessel gradually progresses, and at elevated temperature and pressure, further acetylene decomposes and the entire vessel may eventually burst.
Te wade starano sie usunac w ten spo¬ sób, ze dodawano do cial organicznych skladniki mineralne, np, krzemionke w o- kreslonych ilosciach, tworzac pewnego ro¬ dzaju mieszanine. Jednak taki dodatek nie zawsze wystarcza, jak to wykazaly do¬ swiadczenia, Nast^piie *tarano sie o zabezpieczenie masy od zweglenia zapomoca pokrycia jej ogniotrwalemi srodkami przesycajacemu jak np, przez uzycie szkla wodnego lub mydla zywicznego w polaczeniu z solami wapnia, miedzi oraz cynku. Ten sposób, po¬ legajacy na powleczeniu krzemionkowa warstwa lub wydzieleniu ti»ra3raljiydb skladników ogniotrwalych na materjale wypelniajacym, polega jedynie na tern, ze w sposób mechaniczny uodpornia sie ciala organiczne zapomoca tych mineralnych sfcJadt*ikiQW* ogniotrwalych, lub tez przez W$te$pie ogrzanie powleka sie pozostalosc v«trstwa pc^roiuia.Attempts were made to remove these disadvantages by adding minerals, such as silica, in limited amounts to the organic bodies, creating a certain kind of mixture. However, such an additive is not always sufficient, as experience has shown, there was then an effort to protect the mass from charring by coating it with refractory supersaturating agents, e.g. by using water glass or resin soap in combination with calcium, copper and zinc salts. . This method, consisting in the coating of a silica layer or the separation of the refractory components on the filler material, only relies on the fact that the organic bodies are mechanically resistant to these mineral refractory sfcJadt * ikiQW *, or also by the USA. pie heating coats the residue v «trstwa pc ^ roiuia.
Przedmiotem,wynalazku jest sposób po¬ legajacy na tern, ze do organicznych lub mineralnych skladników dodaje sie sole po¬ chodzenia organicznego czy tez mineralne¬ go i rozkladajace oraz rozplywajace sie prawie calkowicie pod wplywem goracar przez co unika sie postepujacego wciaz na¬ przód rozkladu acetylenu. Odbywa sie to zapomoca ogrzewania lub przez wydzielenie gazów hamujacych rozklad. Dzialanie tych srodków tiomaczy sie tern, ze rozpadaja sie lub zamieniaja w gaz podczas rozkladu ace¬ tylenu wytwarzajacego podniesienie sie temperatury* Ppdczas. tegp przebiegu po¬ chlaniaja one cieplo i obnizaja tern samem temperature, na skutek czego chronia gazy od rozkladu, gdyz do wywolania rozkladu gazu, jak np, acetylenu, niezbedna jest o- kreslona i dosc wysoka temperatura.The subject of the invention is a method whereby organic or mineral salts are added to organic or mineral components and which decompose and melt almost completely under the influence of heat, thus avoiding the progressive decomposition of acetylene. . This is done either by heating or by the release of decomposition-inhibiting gases. The action of these thiomacic agents is such that they break down or turn into gas when decomposing acethylene, producing an increase in temperature. In this course of the process, they absorb heat and lower the same temperature, thereby protecting gases from decomposition, since a specific and quite high temperature is necessary to induce decomposition of a gas, such as acetylene.
W podobny sposób, przez wydzielenie gazów powstrzymujacych w tych warun¬ kach rozklad, jak np, azotu, dwutlenku wegla, amonjaku i t, d,, osiaga sie dziala¬ nie hamujace rozklad. Takie dzialanie tlo- maczy sie przesunieciem granicy rozkladu gazu nagromadzonego w waskich porach materjalu, a wywolaja jest przez te wlasnie gazowe wytwory rozkladu. Zostalo to stwierdzone zapomoca odpowiednich do¬ swiadczen. Jako ciala dostarczajace podob¬ nych gazów ochronnych nadaje sie szcze¬ gólnie takie organiczne lub mineralne po¬ laczenia lub sole, które jako takie sa cia- lami lotnemi, albo tez wydzielaja gazy po¬ chlaniajace cieplo. Przesuwaja one granice rozkladu acetylenu i dzialaja hamujaco na ten rozklad* iNadafa sie tu równiez zwiaz¬ ki amonowe Jak: siarczan amonu, szcza¬ wian amonu, weglan amonu, mocznik i t d.In a similar manner, by the release of decomposition inhibiting gases, such as, for example, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, ammonia and t, d, a decomposition inhibitory effect is achieved. Such an action is explained by the shift of the limit of the decomposition of gas accumulated in the narrow pores of the material, and is caused by these gaseous products of decomposition. This has been confirmed by appropriate experience. Suitable bodies for supplying similar protective gases are, in particular, those organic or mineral compounds or salts which themselves are aerobic bodies or emit heat-absorbing gases. They shift the limits of acetylene decomposition and inhibit this decomposition, and ammonium compounds are also added here, such as: ammonium sulfate, ammonium oxate, ammonium carbonate, urea, etc.
Jako najodpowiedniejsze okazaly sie ciala organiczne, jak np, aminy, amidy, ja¬ ko zasady lub tez sole.Organic bodies, such as, for example, amines, amides, as bases or also salts, have proved to be the most suitable.
Nasycenie materialu wypelniajacego wprowadzonemi cialami uskutecznia sie najprostsza droga w ten sposób, ze osiaga sie scisle zmieszanie dodawanego ciala z materjalem wypelniajacym, przyczem np- nasyca sie materjaly wypelniajace roztwo¬ rami tych cial dodawanych, a nastepnie wy¬ susza, W ten sposób osiaga sie zabezpiecze¬ nie calkowitej jednopostaciowosci zarówno pod wzgledem rozdrobnienia ciala dodawa¬ nego wewnatrz materjalu, jak tez calkowi¬ tej jednorodnosci, która posiada pierwszo¬ rzedne znaczenie przy mieszaniu tych cial z materjalami wypelniajacemi ze wzgledu na niezawodnosc dzialania materjalu.The saturation of the filling material with the introduced bodies results in the simplest way in that it is achieved to mix the added body tightly with the filling material, e.g. by saturating the filling materials with the solutions of these added bodies, and then drying the axes ¬ not complete uniformity in terms of both the fragmentation of the body added inside the material and the complete homogeneity which is of paramount importance when mixing these bodies with filling materials for the sake of the reliability of the material.
Jako dalszy srodek sluzacy do podwyz¬ szenia bezpieczenstwa* niezbedne jest za- — 2 —bezpieczenie calkowitej jednopostaciowosci oraz jednolitej gestosci uzytych materia¬ lów. Te ostatnia osiagano dotychczas przez dodanie krzemionki. Inne srodki majace 'tu zastosowanie sa: pumeks mielony, pyl weglowy, tlenki metali, jak równiez i zwy¬ kla ziemia w postaci przetopionej lub tez nieprzetopionej. Pomimo to jednak wymie* nióne wyzej dodatki na poczatku nie wyka¬ zuja zadanej jednolitosci w skladzie mate- tjjalu, gdyz latwo sie oddzielaja, dajac w ten sposób moznosc tworzenia sie niebez¬ piecznych przestrzeni niewypelnionych w zbiorniku. Jak to wykazaly biezace doswiad¬ czenia mozna skutecznie uniknac takiego wyodrebniania sie skladników przez doda¬ nie (fo skladników organicznych lub mine¬ ralnych, posiadajacych sklonnosc do wywo¬ lywania tego wyodrebniania, odpowiednich srodków wiazacych pod postacia srodków klejacych jakiemi sa: oleje, tluszcze, sadze i im podobne (parafiny, naturalne i sztucz¬ ne, mydla i t. d.). Powyzsze srodki nie po¬ winny zmieniac sie oraz rozpuszczac w roz¬ puszczalnikach gazu. Tym sposobem, od¬ powiednio do dzialania uzywanej dotych¬ czas krzemionki, na skutek wystepujacej tu jednolitosci materjalu, uniemozliwia sie pobudzenie do wybuchu znajdujacego sie w zbiorniku acetylenu, Z posród zwiazków nadaja sie do uzyt¬ ku równiez takie, które wydzielaja gazy przesuwajace granice wybuchów i odpo¬ wiednio obnizajace nastepnie te granice.As a further safety measure *, it is necessary to ensure that the materials used are completely single-faced and have a uniform density. The latter has so far been achieved by adding silica. Other means that can be used are ground pumice stone, coal dust, metal oxides as well as common ground in a melted or non-melted form. Nevertheless, the above-mentioned additives do not initially show the desired uniformity in the composition of the material, as they easily separate, thus allowing the formation of unsafe spaces unfilled in the tank. As it has been shown by the current experience, it is possible to effectively avoid such isolation of ingredients by adding (for organic or mineral ingredients that have a tendency to induce this isolation, suitable binders in the form of adhesives such as: oils, fats, soot and the like (paraffins, natural and artificial, soaps, etc.). The above agents should not be changed and dissolved in gas solvents. Thus, corresponding to the action of the silica used so far, due to the homogeneity of the material present here is prevented from triggering an explosion in the acetylene tank. Among the compounds, also those which emit gases shifting the limits of the explosions and correspondingly lowering these limits are also suitable for use.
Tegorodzaju zwiazkami sa sole kwasu siar¬ kawego oraz siarkowego (siarczyny oraz siarczany), rozkladajace sie pod wplywem goraca, jak np. siarczan amonu, siarczyn amonu, siarczan sodu, siarczyn sodu, tio¬ siarczany, hydrosiarczyny, wzglednie mie¬ szaniny tych cial. Mozna tez uzywac ksan- togenianów, W dalszym ciagu okazalo sie, ze moga byc uzyte mieszaniny soli, oddzialywajace pod wplywem wyzszej temperatury i wy¬ dzielajacycfc tym* sposobem gfczy. Tak mp. mozna uzyc sole kwasu siarkawego i sole kwasu weglowego w mieszaninie z solami kwasu winnego, lub innemi solami pocho¬ dzenia mineralnego lub organicznego nie- wyzerajacemi scianek butli, Mozna tez uzyc zwiazków, które przy wyzszej temperaturze tworza jeszcze przed ulotnieniem sie inne pochlaniajace zwiazki wydzielajace cieplo. Tego rodzaju zwiaz¬ kami sa np,: cyaniany oraz' ttocyaniany o* sadzone pod postacia osadu, na porowatym skladniku. Przy ogrzaniu tworza; one^ na¬ przód mocznik, wzglednie tiomocznik, a im- stepnie zamieniaja sie w gazy. Mozna wzyc cyaniailów alkalkiznych lub tiócyanianów, najlepiej takich, które nie rozpuszczaja sie w uzytych rozpuszczalnikach, Brieszac ta¬ kowe z siarczanem lub chlorkiem amonu, Zastosowanie odbywa sie na drodze zwylklej. Albo przesyca sie skladniki wy¬ pelniajace i odparowuje nastepnie z nich ciecz, albo tez rozpyla sie sole na skladni¬ kach wypelniajacych. Ilosci uzytych do te¬ go skladników moga wahac sie w dowol¬ nych granicach. Wystarczy powierzchniowe pokrycie rozpylonem cialem, Przy zastoso¬ waniu porowatych skladników wypelniaja¬ cych mozna dokonac calkowitego przesyce¬ nia zapomoca roztworów rozcienczonych lub tez stezanych.These compounds are the salts of sulfuric acid and sulfuric acid (sulphites and sulphates), which decompose under the influence of heat, such as, for example, ammonium sulphate, ammonium sulphite, sodium sulphate, sodium sulphite, thiosulphates, hydrosulphites, or mixtures of these bodies. You can also use xanthgenates. It still turned out that salt mixtures can be used, interacting under the influence of higher temperatures and releasing them in this way. Yes mp. you can use sulfurous acid salts and carbonic acid salts in a mixture with tartaric acid salts, or other salts of mineral or organic origin that do not erode the cylinder walls, You can also use compounds that at higher temperatures form other absorbing compounds that emit heat before evaporation . Compounds of this kind are, for example, cyanates and tocyanates planted as a precipitate on the porous component. When it is heated, it forms; they, first, urea, or thiourea, and immediately turn into gases. Alkaline cyanils or thiocyanates, preferably those which are insoluble in the solvents used, may be used. Mixing such with sulphate or ammonium chloride. Either the fillers are saturated and the liquid then evaporates, or the salts are sprayed onto the fillers. The amounts of the ingredients used for this may be varied within any limits. It is sufficient to cover the surface with a sprayed body. When using porous filling components, complete saturation can be made with diluted or concentrated solutions.
Z a s t in z^e H e n i a p; a t e m t |ow e. 1. Sposób zmniejszenia zdolnosci wy¬ buchowej gazów sprezonych zawartych w masach porowatych, przeznaczonych do przechowywania sprezonych gazów wybu¬ chowych lub zapalnych w postaci skroplo¬ nej, sprezonej lub tez rozpuszczonej w ply¬ nie, np. acetylenu w acetonie, znamienny tern, ze skladniki wypelniajace przesyca sie zwiazkami mineralnemi lub organicznemi, jak np. zwiazkami amonowemi, które przy rozkladzie gazu np. acetylenu, parujac, — 3 —wydzielaja gazy wstrzymujace rozklad i obnizaja jednoczesnie temperature reakcji wskutek pochlaniania przytem ciepla, 2. Sposób wedlug zastrz. 1, znamienny tern, ze do skladników wypelniajacych do¬ daje sie jako przymieszki: pumeks mielca ny, pyl) weglowy, ziemie naturalne (z wy¬ jatkiem krzemionki) w polaczeniu z odpo- wiedniemi srodkami wiazacemi jak oleje, tluszcze, sadze, nierozpuszczalne w rozpu¬ szczalniku gazu, i dajace chemiczne zwiaz¬ ki z gazem lub tworzace z nim mieszaniny. 3. Sposób wedlug zastrz, 1 i 2, zna¬ mienny tern, ze jako rozpadajace sie zwiaz¬ ki mineralne lub organiczne uzywa sie zwiazki, które wydzielaja tlen lub inne polaczenia siarki. 4. Sposób wedlug zastrz. 1 — 3, zna¬ mienny tern, ze uzywa sie mieszanin soli o- bojetnych i kwasnych, wydzielajacych ga¬ zy przy wyzszych temperaturach. 5. Sposób wedlmg zastrz. 1, znamien¬ ny tern, ze uzywa sie soli, które nagrzane wydzielaja najprzód inne ciala niz zwiaz¬ ki wyjsciowe, a nastepnie zmieniaja sie w gazy. 6. Sposób wedlug zastrz. 1 i 2, zna¬ mienny tern, ze jako cial rozpadajacych u- zywa sie zwiazkowi organicznych, jak np. aminy, amidy i t. d. pod postacia zasad lub soli.Z a s t in z ^ e H e n i a p; atem. 1. Method of reducing the explosive capacity of compressed gases contained in porous masses intended for the storage of explosive or flammable compressed gases in the form of condensed, compressed or dissolved in a liquid, e.g. acetylene in acetone , characterized by the fact that the filling components are saturated with mineral or organic compounds, such as ammonium compounds, which when decomposing gas, e.g. acetylene, evaporate, - 3 - release gases that inhibit decomposition and at the same time reduce the reaction temperature due to the absorption of heat, 2. Method according to p. 1, characterized by the fact that the fillers are added as admixtures: ground pumice, coal dust, natural earth (except for silica) in combination with appropriate binders such as oils, fats, soot, insoluble in a solvent for the gas, and chemically linking the gas or forming mixtures with it. 3. The method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized by the fact that compounds which give off oxygen or other sulfur compounds are used as disintegrating mineral or organic compounds. 4. The method according to p. 1 - 3, the significant point is that a mixture of inert and acidic salts is used, which gives off gases at higher temperatures. 5. The method according to claim 1, the characteristic area of using salts that when heated, first release bodies other than the starting compounds, and then turn into gases. 6. The method according to p. 1 and 2, the significant point is that organic compounds, such as, for example, amines, amides, etc. are used as disintegrating bodies in the form of bases or salts.
Josef Hausen.Josef Hausen.
Zastepca: Inz. Cz. Raczynski, rzecznik patentowy.Deputy: Inz. Th. Raczynski, patent attorney.
Druk L. Boguslawskiego, Warszawa.Print by L. Boguslawski, Warsaw.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| PL10885B1 true PL10885B1 (en) | 1929-09-30 |
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