PH27183A - Soap composition - Google Patents

Description

2] K7 , } Laundry soap compositions typically contain 60 to 807% hy weight of soaps and 20 to 20% hy weight of water and oplionally small amounts of inorganic salt and filler.

H In the past laundry soap bar manufacturers have been limited to such formutations due to processing and/or resulting bar quality constraints, 1t is particularly desirable to reduce the weap content af such compositions since this can lead to cost eavings.

One paseible way of reducing overall soap content would be to increase the water content.

However this gives a composition which is soft, 19 sticky and cannot be processed into bars using ronventional equipment. It is thought that the increase in water content causes the soap in the composition to eximt in a viscous phase at typical

L, pracessing temperatures (80). In “the past additions of electrolyte ea. NaCl have been made to induce rheology modifying phase changes in the soap by causing it to ‘aalt out’ of solution. i

However, the solubility of NaCl im relatively independent of temperature in the range of concern 2G 80 that on cooling the soap remain salted out wm p=

, teaiing to peor bar properties, for example cracking. in general increasing the water content af laundry bare has the consequence that the bars tend to shrink on storage, leading to atress a cracking. "11 is also desirable to use unsaturated feedstocks af hlend iodine value greater than 60 for soap production since the increace in soluble active tends to increase lather formation valued by the consumer. Use of unsaturated feedstocks however produces a composition which ies too soft to process on conventional plant. }

Another possible way of reducing aoap content is to include fillers. : . 15% Use of soluble fillers (mg. palyols) tends to produce deterioration in properties perceived by the user, such as lather formation, bar hardness, rate of wear and development of surface mush.

V Sse of insoluble fillers (2g. kaolin) tends to increase the viscosity of the composition again leading to processing difficulties. : "We have now found that the incorporation of particular electrolytes makes 1t pagssible to avoid the constraints referred to above while still maintaining satisfactory har properties. = RX =

,

According to a first aspect of the present invention we provide a soap bar comprising soap, tetrasodiumpyrophoephate (TS8FF), trisodiumortho- phosphate (TS50F) or mixtures thereof and water.

Freferabhly the bar comprises: 0 to TOY hy weight of soap reckoned as anhydrous 0.8 to 20% by weight of tetrazodiumpyrophosphate trisadiumorthophosphate or mixtures thereof reckoned as anhydrous, and 1 0 to HOY by weight of water the: yield stress of the bar being less than 2.0 x 10 Ne? at 2070.

Hy including ortho or pyro phosphate or mixtures thereof the amount of sacp in the 19 composition may be reduced while maintaining an acceptable hardness and allowing processing on conventional plant.

Whilst not wishing to be bound by any theory

Hit ties thought that the ortho and pyro phosphate have this advantageous effect due to the formation of low solubility hydrates in the soap composition ar it coanls from the processing temperature to hele the hydration temperature of the electrolyte. These hydrates bind mato in the 2% composition and form a network structure. Since x= fm ro

BAD ORIGINAL A)

“oo ) 1K , the water bound as a hydrate im immobile. undesirable bar properties associated vith excesas water are less likely to occur. he water present in the bar at room

Hi temperature therefore consiats of "free" water and bound water of crystallisation. Freferably the bare have soap to free water ratios in the ranges of 1:1 to S31, amore preferably Jel. Tue romped tion preferably comprises from 1% to 147% tetirasodivmpyrophosphate or br Lad iumor tho phosphate or a mivture thereof more preferably 1% to 10%.

The composition may also comprise up to X8% by weight of taolin as a filler. i invention 1a making possible the inclusion of fillers, in compositions which are processable on conventional plant. Other fillers such as soda ash and alkaline silicate may also he included in composi Lions according to the invention.

The hardness of a soap bar can he quantified hy measuring the vield slress of the har.

Heasurement nf yield stress is described inter alia in Elementary Rheology hy @ W Scott Flair. ncademic Press, London 1769. Freferably. laundry 2% bars according to the invention have yield ; ’ Pa

. yw , . 5. ~2 0 atrecses of less than 3.0 x 10 Nm at 20°C when measured in the following manner. HV horizontal cheesewire of diameter dom attached to a counter balanced, and freely pivotable arm is brought inte 3 contact with a freshly prepared bar of coap which has cooled to room temperature (200). The soap is positioned under the wire such that yhen a weight (W gm) is placed directly alihhve the rhecsewire the length of cut (Lom) made by the wire increases to the limit where the stress exerted by the wire eguals the resistance of the soap and the wire comes to a stop. | The stress at this limit is equal to the vield stress ‘of the

BOA ~ fhe time taken to reach this limit is 10 apprtvoiimately 30 seconds, in practice a atandard 1 minutes cult-time was allowed. }

CFor a soap bar of square tr angler ee cross-section the bar is positioned such that the le hedlsewi re firet contacts a corner of the bar.

The yield stress oan then be calculated using the feed lowing formulas : -—D

Yield Stress = 3 Wea. L Mm © el 1d

Soaps suitable for use in this invention are 2% bp malts af Lhe higher fatty acids. This class = fy ==

: JHE

Co : . “of compound includes ordinary alkali metal soaps ‘such as sodium, potassium, ammonium and alkylol ammonium salts of higher fatty acids containing from, about 8 to about 24 carton atoms and 2 ! i

G preferably from about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms.

Soaps can be made by direct saponification of fats and pils or by the neutralization of free fatty : ¢ Ao acids. Particularly useful are the sodium and . 4 . hy potapsiun salts of the mixtures qf fatty acids derived from coconut ail, tallow, fish oil, BOY A vil, e.g. sodium and potassium tallow soap.

Compositions according to the {nvention can be produced by mixing pyro or ortho phosphate with malsture—-containing soap. A preferred technique 18 is to add anhydrous phosphate to molten soap comprising approximately 70% soap and 30% water.

The phosphate can be added as a ary powder, as a hot. concentrated solution or as a Slurry with a small amount of hot water. The composition can then he cooled and/or dried to its intended water content possibly by use of a vacuugn flash dryer cas im conventionally used for drying BOAaP .

However, lese drying will te required for compositions of this invention. : on alternative production route iz to mix the ‘ =m 7 om . ~ :

RAD CRCHTIAL 9 ‘ bosom

Co : 37

EI : : ortho or pyro phosphate with dried I wOap noodles coming from a vacuum flash dryer. Mixing with such soap noodles can he carried ait in a shear mixer. ¥ : 1 Ry adding the phosphate at thse rd1atively o 1 ’ ; early stages in the processing of fhe bdrs, a compu tion is obtained which can te subjected to . ; ; 4 ‘ conventional subregquent brocessing sted.

Normally these are admining of mindy shoredtents, ea. nen a chip miner, milling, p1dtding and ‘stamping into bars. At phosphate sia £4 on levels (aredter than 10% it may be convenidht 4 add a “small amount of a hydrotrape to rurliheribraduce the vischsity of the composition. | X 18 | * In a second aspect therefore this $nvention ’ ‘provides a process of preparing a compas tion as ‘speci tied above comprising the ters of subjecting $A sohp with a water content in excess of 10% by ) ‘weight to a drying step and admin 1rf t4trasodium- Co yrobhosphate or tr tsodiunar thophospha td before or : afteb the drying step. b i! y {Generally the resulting compos eid will then “ba mt iied, plodded and shaped into bars: ; _ The invention will now be desler ibid further 23 Cand exemplified in the following exampiss in which , L ty

CL . ! . ) = 8 = ; - prem i}

SE od BAD ORL:INAL 5) ) . }

: 27)¢7 yo . = percentages are by weight of anhydrous goap and

Pyro, or ortho phosphate and the percentage water : i v 3

Pim the total for the composition i.e. free and bound . : :

Examples Tod . : A > tt q

H Pin the following examples samples were

LL r 4 CL i prepared in a Winkworth Z-blade mixer at aoc.

Ty § io a i | 2! 3

Soap, Chips were added to the mixer together with 1 3 5 ‘any "additional water required in fhe final . boa formulation. The phosphate and kadlin if : § A : i

Lappropriate were added separately as solids to the : a ‘ Hf

Boap/water mix. ; wv = TViscosity measurements were made using a +f Lo 'Mackilow-Smith Plastometer at 80a. Extensional , 1% b a 13 viscosities are quoted for an extensiorirate of 1 i i

J -— : ! ! ‘10? BEC 4, ‘

SE | Extensional ‘ { fy Viscosity at

Do A “i 710° mec”! a 3 i Py

Enamble Soap Water TSOP TEPP Kaolin ab 809C. Nn#

Lx 69 x2 - - - $.1n10% " Lo i Kad ®

SE 50 50 ~ - bt Yganto ; EN yl =

CX 47.8 47.5% 0 5 =F 4.ant0 4 48 a8 4 - ~t y.ex10° 26 . 85 4s as - = 100 Z.3u10° 2 o Lo on a 43.2 43.2 3X.6 -~- 10 ¢ %.en10"

R 7 42.5 42.3 - 8.4 10f @.0x10° ‘ ‘ ¢ i 2? ooa 35 x5 - - Io; .4.83x10

J K tin = - 9 33.6 33.6 2.8 - sol “1.4810 0 10 32.9 32.9 - a.2 sok Boonie? 11. 80 2m - = 184 4.78010" a2 a7 3-6 18. &.@x10? : ) : w . | i, “ tm Q = ‘ + A oo gap One =

SY I

Co ee

-, »

Ce ‘Example 1 is a control composi tion typical af a conventional laundry bar procdssabie on conventional equipment. ; ) "Comparison of Examples 2 and with 1 shows “that the addition of 3% T8PP reduces the viscosity

Cot the compasition to below that of conventional

Clauntiry bar compositions. Similar fy comparison of

Examples 2 and 4 with 1 show a similar affect with i ¢ ! 14% TSOP addition. ¢ !

Co 10 { Compar ison of Example 3, with Exaile 1 show ‘he effect on processability of a of on kaolin and Examples 6 and 7 the, efféct of ‘hdding 3.6% TSOP or 5.4% TEPP to seh &i ‘combs tion. Examples 8, 9 and 10 lho Ja similar lettert for higher kaolin levels. dyanples 11 and 42 show the effect on viscosity of [replacing water ‘with, kaolin and the subsequent reds td in

Co Sischsity on incorporation of 16pP frenddring the

Co Lcomppsi tion processable, 5 By 5 In the following Examples compositions were ibrephred in a conventional liquid dadd1e mister at “80°, Soap chips were added to the: mixing chamber “tol lowed by additional water if nedessaby. TSOP “or TSFF ex BDH was then sprinkled in. Lastly ‘kaolin (Speawhite Grade X ex English China Clays)

Co : oo Co

Fo - 10 = oo i | L pAD Ov i

Co 173/67 . w : ¥ ot : 3 . 1 } } ! t :

Ch - ;

Co ‘. bi was added. # =o 0 Co : "The resulting compositions were than pumped . . ts } through a Mazzoni Vacuum Flash Cooler the tesu. how ~Fesulting samples were then extruded through a

Bo FY 3 ‘Hampson and Edwards &" mingle screw plodder producing 1 1am square billets. be g iy i «© . ¥) A # it & ; The yield stress of the bars das dgtermined

Le + a LO]

LH 1 i by the cheesewire method directly qf ter; formation of the bar once it had cooled to rem Yanperature ya SL to (20%). ¥ y #1 . Ee 2 : it 5 The in-use property of mush was determined by

LE §@ 7 ithe weight of wet mush that could Be sctaped from “S y oi ae “8 2% square bar produced on an Edwardd and Jones oh i v Hy Ce 2" Fhgmill, the bar having been allowad to stand oN : i G , 3 ‘ . 5 . 19 in a cm immersion of 14°FH water of water for 120 ; Minutes at 20°C. i 4 ; 1 a s, ] by i, yConsgituent ~ Exhmple z. iw IR 2 . ood ¢% byjweight) ’ 1 ) so CL 4

My 1 baz 14 eee eee WE : ¥ TE

Soap 68 [34 j a8

TSPR, 0 6 L 6 “Kaolln 0 31.2 16.6 : ‘Water (free and bound) 32 fies. 22.4 ol i - t; bo fs ! : i oo 3 A _ - b Si - 20 Yield Stress (Nm 2) 1.6n10° 2.4416) 2.18x10 ‘Wet Mush (g) 2.9 © 2.dy 1.6 oo La ; i 5 & i i v, y _ wn od cosh AL oi . 3 X > BAD ORIGIt E%

! - : 0 ; Co , } = ; ; i i : i

Comparison of Examples 1 and 13 ori and 14 “show that compositions according ta the:invention ' i. t have acceptable hardness and mush dharagteristics. «In the following examples | samples were } oy 8 prepared as in Examples 13 and 14 grcepting that oR bo chighpr levels of TSPF were used. } A 1 a j i Vo ! i 8 sn »Congltituent Example ve i + 8 { (% by weight)

L. y i 3 . § t j 15 416

Wo Do

Soap; 53.4 wo 60.2

TSPP; 9.8 9.8 ; 5 :

Watery (free and bound) 36.4 i JO

S vi ¥ E

Yielfl Stress (Nm) 0.343107, 1.9210 i R F n ak 30°C po

Toh Ey ce k wl a § bs Lh iy In the following examples compbeitions were i 4 ie ' “prepared in a conventional paddle diner]at 90°C by « v it ¢ .. } 3X ‘@dddng carbonated alkaline silicatd to feat BOAR, i « dre § +3

E vfollpwed by addition of TSPP and hat water. The resulting compositions were pumped #4 hrough a . ¢ 5s ti

Mazzbni Vacuum Flash Cooler and plodded into

JE g te ot rectangular billets. r % . " i in co vos

EE TOE

1 £ i

Co foo ot pr . ’ ; . es : = {12 em EE . " : "BAD ORIGINAL gj) ! { ot Lae ae Cn wedee } .

SE 291k ,

Constituent Example {(% by Weight) 17 8 19

Soap 89 s6 | 54

Alkaline Silicate 8 a i A

Sodium Carbonate 1 L 1

TERR! - 3 x

Perfume, Colour, etc 1 t h 1 ‘Water (free and bound) 34 a5 : 36 yield Stress (Nm =) 1.710" 1.8n10%. 1.8x10" i at 20% : ;

Wet Mush (g) 5.8 5.9 5.4 - { ; Comparison of Examples 17 and 48 of 17 and 19 “show! that compositions according teh. the invention 13 “have acceptable hardness and mush characteristics. : : 5 poe CO : : Hy

Co Co » ] Co ; ; BAD ORIGINAL 9 . se : ki

Claims (1)

1. Co ar

   : . , { a . - 5 \ . J ‘ r a Sa ’ ‘ . i ' Ch ‘ , “Claims g : i i1- A laundry soap bar comprising .; : x 3 EW a i 30 to 70% by weight of soap refkoned as os y anhydrous Ww ’ 4 1 { 4 ¥ 0.5% to 20% by weight of tetrasodiumpyro- a EE - phosphate or trisodiumorthophosphate or A i i ! . I : 1 mixtures thereof reckoned fps anhydrous ) 1 ¢ 3 Co and Pood bY . ¢ . od 10 to 60% by weight of water. a mo 2 i sek, 4 \ J G2 A laundry soap bar as clagmed ‘in claim 1 i “4 Lo 2 wherein the yield stress of the barl.is Tess than - hi ¢ : ot 3 Lf : ! 8 2 :

   =3.0 3 107 Nm © at 20°C. Fe 0 43, A laundry soap bar as claimed dn claim 1 whergin the soap to free water ratfo is in the ! 3 « . i rangé of 111 to S11. x J CE | woo 13 ¥ 4. A laundry soap bar as clafmed in claim X ‘wherein the spap to free water ratio ig. 351. LR VT wo iw, A laundry soap bar as claimed dn claim 1 % { i ir ‘wherein the bar comprises from 1% th 18% of r a Lo tetnasodiumpyrophosphate or trisodflimoritho- 3 ‘phosphate or a mixture thereof. be 3 - : 6. A laundry soap bar as claimed in claim 8 “wherein the bar comprises from 1% to 10% of ) ve 3 “tetrasodiumpyrophoaphate or tr Lsodfumor tho- ‘phosphate or a mixture thereof. py . 23 6 7. A laundry soap bar as claimed in claim 1 PB ‘ . J : Ll A = 14 = : . P) BAD ORIGINAL oy , J Rr -

   SE 11» Y Po fy { rod x F i in . i 5 2 Jwherein the bar additionally comprises dp to 38% ER ‘ A by weight of kaolin. 4 2 ‘ i LE Eg UT yoo L } PHILIP RICHARD: NORMAN EYMOND 7 i NORMAN: HALL i : GORDON GEURGE ‘MCLEOD * } GRAHAM WALKER J } Inventors] 4 2 E So boo ; ¢ i he % y ; oY bo LA _

   ~ ¥. 1 ; Sh Eo I Hoo yoo : Lo youd hoo 3 ~ . Ce po ~F “ + a Co, C, - wd Loo vo A oa) Po Lo i | A w i gq goon ood “ co a.

   ¥ . 3 y | x) 4 4 a Ed wo L 3 Xs i EA 1 L 5 > t h 4 * : B 3 yoo cy Eo Lo # 5 id i by B . ' Boo Log ro go] a } " 1 4 : I Lo ; ; ’ ¥ i 2 zz 1% om i Rk . . ; K y 5 1 i « ' 1 : § «Ty s . : + BAD ORIGINAL A)

   CL . ant 8) : o 4 5 i :