PH12013000152A1 - Data transmission by an alternating frequency analog signal - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides for the compression of digital and analog data for storage and transmission. Analog data in the form of an analog signal is converted into a digital signal by an analog-to-digital converter. The digital signal is then converted into an analog signal having an alternating frequency by a first converter processor and an alternating frequency generator according to a predetermined conversion table. To reproduce the original analog signal, the analog signal having an alternating frequency is first converted back into a digital signal by an alternating frequency measurement means connected to a second converter processor, also in accordance with the predetermined conversion table. The digital signal is then converted to the original analog signal by a digital-to-analog converter.

Description

Description TE - 4 :

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION ) boi

Co REGEN: —

The present invention relates generally to a system and method for data comitiigation an - storage. More particularly, the present invention relates to both lossless and lossy FA + compression techniques to concentrate relevant signal information for data communication = and storage. wo

There are a variety of techniques for the compression of data which may ored digitally or 25 by analog techniques. This data represents audio, visual or other information for which there = are numerous and different constraints to their compression. - bot

Computer data files are, with few exceptions, stored digitally. The inherent advantages of pot : digital communication and storage techniques are primarily due to the fact that information ci which is transmitted and stored in a binary form is much less susceptible to corruption due to noise or distortion than conventional analog systems. In addition, the conversion of analog signals to a digital form enables the user to employ noise reduction techniques and advanced signal processing algorithms which cannot typically be conducted on conventional analog signals. Moreover, digital communication and storage can also provide exact reproduction of the system output signals.

This is important because computer files must retain all of their information during storage or transmission, as an error of even one bit can totally corrupt the file. Corruption of a computer file can result in either failure of the entire computer system, or in the case of corruption of a non-operating file, such as a word processing file, inability to recreate the exact copy of the original file. Accordingly, the storage or transmission of computer data files or the like require highly reliable systems which maintain file integrity. Moreover, any compression of a computer file must be lossless, meaning not result in the loss of any data and provide exact reproduction of the uncompressed data.

Unfortunately, digital transmission and storage techniques disadvantageously require much wider frequency bandwidth. This is particularly true with respect to video information and modern multimedia systems which require the processing and storage of high volumes of data. Moreover, the transmission of video must often be accomplished in real time wherein the video information is transmitted at the same rate or faster than video playback.

To illustrate the complexity of the problem, each channel of the Common Interface Format (CIF) resolution standard for video systems requires 352 pixels per line and 288 lines per frame. In addition, CIF requires 2 chrominace channels with half resolution of 176 pixels per line, 146 lines per frame and 8 bits per pixel. With full motion video requiring approximately frames per second transmission rate, video transmission requires approximately 36 Mbit per second. By means of an example, using a 56.6 k bits per second modem, it would take almost 11 minutes to transmit | second of video data over a telephone line. As a separate example, a CD-ROM having a capacity of 650 megabytes can only store approximately 18 seconds of uncompressed (CIF) video data.

Coa ) Present systems do not provide adequate transmission rate of video signals over available ’ communication channels. Presently, the most popular and inexpensive means for = : transmission of digital data is through the public telephone network. Unfortunately, the public or telephone network was designed to transmit analog signals in a voice frequency range which i. is significantly lower than the frequency range required for most present day communication - systems including digital data, voice and video communication. — fod

To transmit digital information over the public telephone network, one typically uses a = modem. Digital information is converted to an analog form. The modem filters the digital - signal by shifting the signal and frequency to form a band limited signal. The modem then o modulates that signal within the bandwidth of the communications channel which is typically = between 300 Hz and 3500 Hz. Present modems employ quadrature modulation to increase the i transmission rate of the digital information. Unfortunately, quadrature modulation has only " increased present modem speed to approximately 56,600 bits per second. Accordingly, for = practical digital transmission or storage, it is necessary to reduce the amounts of data to be transmitted or stored by either eliminating redundant information or by reducing the quality = of the information. os

As opposed to lossless compression techniques, data that is ultimately observed by the human pa senses can often be compressed with the loss of some information without any discernable alteration, as the human senses have limited capabilities in perception. Accordingly, audio and visual information is often compressed by lossy methods, for which there is a loss of information, since it is only necessary to recreate (decompress) a signal to the degree required for a subjective quality level rather then to perfectly recreate the signal.

For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,819,215 issued to Dobson, U.S. Pat. No. 5,812,915 issued to

Zhang and U.S. Pat. No. 5,845,243 issued to Smart each disclose lossy compression methods.

U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,819,215 and 5,845,243 teach a wavelet based compression method having an adaptive bit rate control. An analog signal is digitally sampled at a desired rate and samples are transformed into the wavelet domain to form wavelet coefficients. The data is then compressed by reducing the total number of coefficients to be saved.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,812,195 teaches compressing video by using a prediction video signal to predict image blocks of a video image. An error measurement is obtained from comparing the predicted image to the actual image. :

U.S. Pat. No. 5,426,665 issued to Cleverley et al. discloses a compression technique for spread spectrum communication systems. For spread spectrum communication systems or radar pulse compression systems, data is mixed with a pseudo random code with the : frequency alternated during radio transmission. In a receiver, the process is reversed with the received signal down converted and then decoded to extract the data. :

U.S. Pat. No. 5,184,229 issued to Saito et al. discloses a data compression system utilizing

Huffman coded data.

Meanwhile, U.S. Pat. No. 5,818,870 issued to Yaguchi discloses transmitting an analog j signal through a digital communication device. The amplitude to the signal is modulated to provide analog information, while the frequency is maintained at the normal rate of the digital communication device.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,661,718 issued to Bremer et al. discloses the simultaneous transmission of B ’ analog and digital communications. A sampled analog signal can be quantisized and =’ represented in digital form. The analog signal which is then converted to digital form is then - converted to amplitude quantisized pulse amplitude modulated format, such as conventional oo

PCM. i

Unfortunately, in such prior art compression techniques, the data transmission rates are still fo! too slow for many practical applications. In addition, amplitude modulation of a transmitted = signal often suffers from signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) problems. Moreover, it would be Ia advantageous to provide a compression system and apparatus which did not result in the loss of any information during storage or transmission. ve)

SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

Briefly, in accordance with the invention, | provide an improved apparatus and method for - compressing digital data by converting the digital data to an analog signal. Generally, it is 0 thought that information, stored in digital or in analog format, can be more quickly or more rt efficiently transmitted by digital processing than by known analog methods. Contrary to past Pod teachings, | have discovered that digital information can be more quickly or efficiently fet transmitted if first translated into an analog format.

Digital data is comprised of "bits" in the form of "ones" and "zeros". For example, applying traditional digital techniques, a signal transmitted at 3000 Hz provides the opportunity to transmit 3000 individual bits in one second. These individual ones and/or zeros are then complied in discreet packages called "words". For example, typically an 8 bit processor compiles and processes 8 bit words, and converts those words into usable information.

My invention provides for converting the digital data into an analog signal for storage or transmission. The digital data is first separated into digital words. Each digital word, including for example 8 bits, is then assigned a preselected frequency assignment according to a predetermined conversion table. An analog signal is then created having an alternating frequency with the frequency alternating every predetermined number of cycles. The alternating frequencies of the analog signal are assigned by sequentially arranging the preselected frequency assignments corresponding to the digital words. More particularly, the analog signal is modulated in frequency every predetermined number of cycles with each frequency corresponding to a preselected frequency assignment and each frequency assignment defining a digital word.

This method should not be confused with standard frequency modulation (FM), which it is not. A typical FM signal is modulated from a single defined frequency assignment according to the information, such as sound, being stored or transmitted. In contrast, according to the present invention, the analog signal is not modulated from a single frequency. Instead, like

Code Diversion Multiple Access (CDMA), the alternating frequency (hereinafter "AF") analog signal includes a plurality of alternating frequency assignments. However, unlike

CDMA it is the particular frequency assignment which provides information corresponding : to the original digital data.

For example only, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a system having a maximum frequency rate of 4000 Hz is formatted to include eight (8) frequency assignments between 2250 Hz and 4000 Hz, with each frequency assignment having a bandwidth of 250 :

Hz. Digital data is separated into 3 bit words and each word is assigned a particular frequency assignment, for example, according to the following conversion table. o

Digital Word Frequency Assignment (Hz) 000 2250 001 2500 0102750 011 3000 100 3250 - 101 3500 1103750 111 4000 p

A digital stream, such as 010101000110... , is broken into individual 3 bit words, such as Fu 010, 101, 000 and 110. An AF analog signal is then generated with the analog signal = modulated in frequency every predetermined number of cycles with each frequency ~ corresponding to preselected frequency assignments and each frequency assignment defining = a digital word according to the conversion table. For example, an AF analog signal o alternating every one (1) cycle based on the above digital stream and above conversion table i would include a first cycle at 2750 Hz (corresponding to "010"), a second cycle at 3500 Hz = (corresponding to "101"), a third cycle at 2250 Hz (corresponding to "000"), and a fourth - cycle at 3750 Hz (corresponding to "110"). In this manner twelve (12) digital bits can be = transmitted in four cycles of the analog signal at an average frequency of approximately 3000 -

Hz, instead of transmitting four (4) digital bits in four cycles for an analog signal having a " frequency of 4000 Hz. foi

The AF analog signal is then transmitted or stored by means known to those skilled in the art.

For example, the AF analog signal may be stored by magnetic tape, or transmitted such as by wire, fiberoptics, RF transmission, or the like.

To decompress the AF analog signal and reproduce the original digital data, the AF analog signal is processed with the alternating frequencies of the analog signal being measured. The alternating frequencies are, in turn, converted back into-digital words according to the predetermined conversion table, and the digital words are sequentially arranged to produce a digital data stream. The digital data stream is a reproduction of original data that was first converted into an AF analog signal.

In preferred embodiments, digital data is further compressed by reducing the bandwidth between frequency assignments, by altering the predetermined number of cycles before the analog signal is alternated in frequency, and by increasing the number of digital bits which correspond to each word. For example, in a preferred embodiment, a much greater data transmission rate is achieved by alternating the frequency assignments every half signal cycle instead of every signal cycle. In addition, with reference to the above example, a greater data transmission rate can be achieved by reducing the frequency bandwidth between frequency assignments from 250 Hz to 125 Hz, or even 50 Hz, thereby raising the average frequency rate.

In an additional preferred embodiment, the conversion tables are created such that the more frequently used digital words correspond to frequency assignments having shorter ] wavelengths. For example, the digital word used most often in a particular system, or during a particular application, is assigned a frequency assignment having the highest frequency. i

The predominance of digital words having shorter wavelengths will further increase the data transmission rate. In an additional preferred embodiment, the digital data is sampled, or analyzed in its entirety, by the first convertor processor. The first converter processor then selects, or creates, a conversion table wherein the predominantly used digital words are assigned to frequency assignments having the greatest frequency. In this manner, the AF analog signal will have a comparatively higher average frequency for the system, and : ;

comparatively greater data transmission rate. _ . . . te k : As would be understood by those skilled in the art, the present invention provides for - encryption of data. Further encryption of the AF analog signal can also be simply on accomplished by using proprietary conversion tables. Moreover, as long as the same i conversion table is used for encoding and decoding, the conversion tables can be changed or ~- modified to provide a high degree of protection which can be accomplished by using multiple ~ conversion tables. re

Where the measurement means for measuring the frequency assignments of the analog signal is not very precise, it is preferred that the predetermined number of cycles is increased before i the analog signal is alternated in frequency. For example, the predetermined number of cycles Ho may be increased to 10, or even 100 cycles, to permit the frequency measurement means to . make a substantial number of frequency measurements of the analog signal to provide an Js extremely accurate and verified determination of an alternating frequency before measuring - the frequency corresponding to the next digital word. 0

Flt

Though the present invention has been explained with reference to the compression of digital Pt data, analog data may also by compressed by application of the present invention. Analog Pd data is first converted into digital data by means know to those skilled in the art, for example by an analog-to-digital converter. The digital data is then converted into an AF analog signal having alternating frequencies, as explained above. To decompress the AF analog signal and convert the signal back into the analog data's original format, the AF analog signal is first converted into digital data, also by means explained above. The digital data is then processed through a digital-to-analog converter known to those skilled in the art, to reproduce the original analog data.

It is thus an object of the present invention to provide new and improved apparatus and methods for compressing analog and digital data.

It is another object of the present invention to provide lossless apparatus and methods for : : transmitting and storing compressed analog and digital data.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide apparatus and methods providing for the transmission of data over bandlimited transmission medium such as standard public telephone lines.

It is an additional object of the present invention to provide full-motion video communication over bandlimited transmission medium such as standard analog telephone lines.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. is a block diagram illustrating apparatus and methods for the compression of analog and digital data of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a graphical depiction of an AF analog signal created by application of the present invention in which the frequency of the analog signal alternates every cycle of its sinusoidal : wave;

FIG. 3 is an additional graphical depiction of an AF analog signal created by application of ;

the present invention in which the frequency of the analog signal alternates every half-cycle : of its sinusoidal wave; and ©

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating the alternating frequency measurement means of the ~ present invention including Finite Infinite Response (FIR) filters. oo

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION bed

While the present invention is susceptible of embodiment in various forms, there is shown in AN the drawings and will hereinafter be described the presently preferred embodiments of the or invention with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered as an or exemplification of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention to the specific i embodiments illustrated. -

LF

The present invention provides for methods and apparatus for compressing data for storage or = transmission. Referring to FIG. 1, the system for compressing data | includes a first converter on processor 7. The first converter processor 7 comprises a digital signal processor for fo processing input digital data in the form of a digital signal 6. The first converter processor 7 Pu is operationally connected to a conversion table 9 and an alternating frequency generator 11. a

In operation, the first converter processor 7 receives input digital signal 6 and separates the digital data into sequential digital words. The first converter processor 7 then assigns each digital word a preselected frequency assignment according to the conversion table 9. The conversion table 9 is a look-up table which assigns a preselected frequency assignment to each digital word received by the first converter processor 7. Based on the conversion of the digital signal first into digital words and then into preselected frequency assignments, the alternating frequency generator 11 creates an analog signal 13 having an alternating frequency. :

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the alternating frequency (AF) analog signal 13 is a sinusoidal analog signal which is alternated in frequency every predetermined number of sinusoidal cycles. As shown in FIG. 2, in a preferred embodiment, the analog signal 13 alternates in frequency every cycle of its sinusoidal wave. In an even more preferred embodiment, the AF analog signal 13 alternates in frequency every half cycle of its sinusoidal wave as shown in

FIG. 3. The alternating frequencies of the AF analog signal 13 are sequentially defined by the preselected frequency assignments created by the first converter processor 7 in accordance with conversion table 9. In other words, digital data 6 is converted to an AF analog signal 13 which contains the digital data 6 encoded by the first converter processor 7 in accordance with the conversion table 9.

The AF analog signal 13 may then be transmitted or stored. For example, the AF analog signal 13 may be stored by magnetic tape, or converted back to a digital format for storage as known by those skilled in the art. Moreover, the AF analog signal may be transmitted by wire, fiberoptics or RF transmission. As will be explained in greater detail below, it is believed that the apparatus and method for compressing data of the present invention is particularly useful for transmitting video imagery by public telephone lines or by presently existing analog-based cellular telephone systems.

To decompress the AF analog signal 13, the system includes an alternating frequency measurement means 21 and a second converter processor 23 connected to a conversion table 9. In reverse fashion to compressing the original digital signal 6, the alternating frequency 9 1

E measurements means 21 measures the frequency of the AF analog signal 13 as it is received. } The alternating frequencies are then converted by the second converter processor 23 into es, digital words in accordance with the conversion table 9. The digital words are then ~ sequentially arranged by the converter processor 23 to produce a digital data stream 6 without any loss of data as originally received by the first converter processor 7. p

It is believed that the measurement of the alternating frequencies maybe accomplished by ot several techniques known to those skilled in the art. For example, the alternating frequencies = of the AF analog signal 13 can be determined by use of an upcounter method, a frequency ~ translator, the frequency counter method and a time interval analyzer. With reference to =

FIGS. 2 and 3, each of these techniques utilize a comparator which identifies the interception oy point 29 where the sine wave of the AF analog signal 13 travels from positive to negative or Te negative to positive as graphically depicted for a sinusoidal wave. These interception points - 29 are combined with highly accurate clocks or counters to provide accurate determinations + of the alternating frequencies. For example, the upcounter method utilizes an oscillator which it is triggered to start by the comparator at the zero crossing interception point 29. At the next i. interception point, the comparator stops the oscillator. A frequency calculation can then be oy ] made based on counters connected to the oscillator. Similarly, a time interval analyzer rt utilizes a highly accurate clock which is started and stopped by the comparator's Fa determination of the interception points 29. Clock measurements are then readily translated into frequency measurements by simple inversion. j

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the alternating frequency measurement means 21 includes a series of Digital Signal Processing (DSP) chips in the form of Finite Impulse J

Response (FIR) filters. FIR filters adaptable for application with the present invention are commercially obtainable from Harris Semiconductors, Inc. The FIR filters operate as bandpass filters permitting the portion of the analog signal, specifically the predetermined : number cycles of the AF analog signal 13 having a particular frequency, to pass only through the FIR filter defined by a particular bandwidth. As shown in FIG. 4, the FIR filters are arranged in a series of filter banks, 35, 37 and 39. Each filter bank, in turn, includes a plurality of FIR filters 35a-h, 37a-p, and 39a-1, respectively. With reference also to FIG. 1, an

AF analog signal 13 received by the alternating frequency measurement means 21 is routed through the series of filter banks containing the plurality of FIR filters. As shown, the first filter bank 35 contains eight (8) FIR filters 35a-h. The first filter bank 35 receives the AF analog signal 13 and routes the predetermined number cycles of the AF analog signal 13 only through the FIR filter defined by the frequency of that portion of the analog signal. After passing the first filter bank 35, the AF analog signal 13 is routed through a second filter bank 37 comprising additional bandpass FIR filters 37a-p, with each FIR filter having a narrower : frequency bandpass bandwidth than the FIR filters in the preceding filter bank. The AF analog signal 13 is routed through successive filter banks until the bandpass bandwidth of the

FIR filter is sufficiently narrow to accurately measure the frequency of the predetermined number cycles of the AF analog signal 13 to identify the corresponding digital words of the original digital signal 6. ;

In an additional preferred embodiment, the system is particularly configured for transmission of data over the public telephone network having a maximum typical frequency transmission ; rate of approximately 3200 Hz. For the sake of simplifying the present description of the . invention, it is assumed that the alternating frequency measurement means 21 can accurately 3 measure the frequencies of the AF analog signal 13 for every cycle of the sinusoidal wave J with a bandwidth separation of 6 Hz. However, it is believed that employing presently known ; :

methods and apparatus, that those skilled in the art can accurately reduce this bandwidth ~ } separation and conduct sampling every half cycle to further compress the transmission of = ’ information over the public telephone network. Assuming the transmission of 8 bit digital . words down the telephone line, 256 frequency assignments are needed. Shown below is a er presently preferred conversion table 9 assigning frequency assignments to digital words. i

Digital Word--Frequency Assignment Table 1670-3200 Hz

Frequency Decimal # Binary Word (Hz) 0 00000000 1670 1 00000001 1676 2 00000010 ~ 1682 3 00000011 1688 4 00000100 1694 5 00000101 1700 6 00000110 1706 7 00000111 1712 8 00001000 1718 9 00001001 1724 10 00001010 1730 11 00001011 1736 12 00001100 i 1742 13 00001101 1748 14 00001110 1754 1500001111 1760 16 00010000 1766 17 i 00010001 1772 18 00010010 1778 19 00010011 1784 20 00010100 1790 21 00010101 1796 oo : 2200010110 180223 00010111 1808 24 00011000 1814 25 00011001 1820 26 00011010 - 1826 27 00011011 183228 00011100 183829 00011101 1844 30 00011110 1850 31 - 00011111 1856 3200100000 1862 33 00100001 1868 34 00100010 1874 35 00100011 1880 fe 36 00100100 1886 37 00100101 1892 38 00100110 189839 00100111 1904 40 00101000 fod 191041 00101001 191642 00101010 1922 43 00101011 1928 44 00101100 1934 45 fd 00101101 1940 46 00101110 194647 00101111 1952 48 00110000 1958 49 00110001 1964 Li 5000110010 1970 51 00110011 1976 52 00110100 1982 53 00110101 1988 54 00110110 1994 5500110111 2000 56 00111000 2006 57 00111001 2012 58 00111010 2018 59 001110112024 60 001111002030 61 001111012036 62 001111102042 63 00111111 2048 64 01000000 2054 65 01000001 2060 66 01000010 2066 67 01000011 2072 68 01000100 2078 69 01000101 2084 70 01000110 2090 71 01000111 2096 72 01001000 2102 73 01001001 2108 74 01001010 2114 75 010010112120 76 01001100 2126 77 01001101 2132 78 010011102138 79 01001111 2144 80 01010000 2150 81 01010001 2156 82 01010010 216283 010100112168 84 010101002174 8501010101 2180 86 01010110 2186 87 010101112192 88 010110002198 89 01011001 2204 90 01011010221091 01011011 2216 9201011100 222293 01011101 222894 010111102234 95 01011111 2240

Digital Word--Frequency Assignment Table 1670-3200 Hz

Frequency Decimal # Binary Word (Hz) 96 01100000 2246 97 01100001 2252 98 01100010 225899 01100011 2264 100 01100100 2270 101 01100101 2276 102 01100110 2282 103 01100111 2288 104 01101000 2294 105 01101001 2300 106 01101010 2306 107 01101011 2312108 011011002318 109 01101101 2324 110 011011102330 111 01101111 2336 112 01110000 2342 113 01110001 2348 114 011100102354 11501110011 2360 116 01110100 2366 11701110101 2372 118 011101102378 11901110111 2384 120 01111000 2390 121

OLITI00T 2396 122 01111010 2402 123 01111011 2408 124 011111002414 12501111101 2420 126 011111102426 127 01111111 2432 128 10000000 2438 129 10000001 2444 130 10000010 2450 131 10000011 2456 132 10000100 2462 133 10000101 2468 134 10000110 2474 135 10000111 2480 136 10001000 2486 137 10001001 2492 138 10001010 2498 139 10001011 2504 140 10001100 2510 141 10001101 2516 142 10001110 2522 143 10001111 2528 144 10010000 2534 145 10010001 2540 146 10010010 2546 147 10010011 2552 148 10010100 2558 149 10010101 2564 150 10010110 2570 151 10010111 2576 152 10011000 2582153 10011001 2588 154 10011010 2594 155 10011011 2600 156 10011100 2606 157 100111012612 158 100111102618 159 100111112624 160 10100000 2630 161 1010000] 2636 162 10100010 2642 163 10100011 2648 164 10100100 2654 165 10100101 2660 166 101001102666 167 10100111 2672 168 10101000 2678 169 10101001 2684 170 10101010 f 2690 171 10101011 2696 172 10101100 2702 173 10101101 2708 174 10101110 2714 175

: 101011112720 176 10110000 2726 177 10110001 2732 178 10110010 2738 179 10110011 2744 180 101101002750 181 10110101 2756 182 101101102762 183 10110111 2768 184 ] 101110002774 185 10111001 2780 186 101110102786 187 10111011 2792 188 10111100 or : 2798 189 10111101 2804 190 101111102810 191 10111111 2816 .

Digital Word--Frequency Assignment Table 1670-3200 Hz ot

Frequency Decimal # Binary Word (Hz) 192 11000000 2822 193 11000001 2828 194 ww 11000010 2834 195 11000011 2840 196 11000100 2846 197 11000101 2852 198 11000110 - 2858 199 11000111 2864 200 11001000 2870 201 11001001 2876 202 11001010 2882 203 = ] 11001011 2888 204 11001100 2894 205 11001101 2900 206 11001110 2906 207 11001111 2912 208 11010000 2918 209 11010001 2924 210 110100102930 211 11010011 2936 212 Ls 110101002942 213 11010101 2948214 110101102954 215 110101112960 216 11011000 " 2966 217 11011001 2972 218 110110102978 219 11011011 2984 220 11011100 2990 221 110111012996 222 11011110 3002223 11011111 3008 224 11100000 3014 225 11100001 = 3020226 11100010 3026 227 11100011 3032 228 11100100 3038 229 11100101 3044 230 i. 11100110 3050231 11100111 3056 232 11101000 3062 233 11101001 3068 234 11101010 fo 3074 23511101011 3080 236 11101100 3086 237 11101101 3092 238 11101110 3098 239 [ 11101111 3104240 111100003110241 11110001 3116242 111100103122243 11110011 ag 3128244 111101003134 24511110101 3140246 111101103146 247 11110111 3152 248

T1111000 3158249 11111001 3164250 111110103170 251 1111011 3176252 11111100 3182253 11111101 3188254 111111103194255 111111113200

With reference to FIGS. 1, 2 and 4, in operation, a digital signal 6 in the form of a digital ] stream, such as 01101011000000010001111000000011 ..., is divided into individual 8 bit ; words, 01101011, 00000001, 00011110 and 0000001 {, respectively, by the first converter processor 7. The first converter processor 7 then assigns each digital word a corresponding frequency assignment according to the above conversion table. For example, the first converter processor 7 assigns frequency assignments 2312 Hz, 1676 Hz, 1850 Hz and 1688

Hz corresponding to the above digital words 01101011, 00000001, 00011110 and 00000011.

An AF analog signal 13 is then created by the alternating frequency generator 11 in which the sinusoidal wave has a first cycle having a frequency of 2312 Hz, a second cycle having a frequency of 1676 Hz, a third cycle having a frequency of 1850 Hz, and a fourth cycle having a frequency of 1688 Hz. In this manner, 32 bits of digital data, instead of 4 bits of digital data, are transmitted in four cycles of the AF analog signal.

The AF analog signal 13 is then stored in memory 15 or transmitted by transmitter 17. To : decompress the AF analog signal 13, the signal is sent to an alternating frequency ] measurement means 21. As shown in FIG. 4, the AF analog signal 13 is routed through a : series of filter banks having a plurality of FIR filters. For example, the first cycle of the analog signal, at 2312 Hz, is routed through FIR filters 33d and 35k before reaching FIR filter 371. Upon reaching FIR filter 371, the FIR filter triggers the second converter processor 23 to produce digital word 01101011 decoded according to the above conversion table. Similarly, the second, third and fourth cycles of the analog signal (at 1676 Hz, 1850 Hz and 1688 Hz) are routed through FIR filters 33a and 35a; 33a and 35h; and 33a and 35a before reaching

FIR filters 37b, 37g and 37d, respectively. Upon reaching FIR filters 37b, 37g and 37d, these J

FIR filters trigger the production of digital words 00000001, 00011110 and 00000011 by the second converter according to the above conversion table. These digital words are then sequentially arranged to recreate the original digital data stream 01101011000000010001111000000011. Assuming an average frequency of 2432 Hz, the present system provides a digital data transmission rate of 19,456 bits per second (bps), 3 : significantly greater than the 3200 bps capable of the public phone system without employing = : other compression methods. iN

As would be understood by those skilled in the art, digital signal 6 may be further oo compressed by reducing the bandwidth separation between frequency assignments, by - decreasing the predetermined number of cycles before alternating the frequencies in the AF Pt ] analog signal, and increasing the number of digital bits stored by each digital word. For - example, it is preferred that the sampling rate of AF analog signal 13 be increased such that the alternating frequencies of the analog signal are altered every half cycle of the sinusoidal wave. With reference to FIG. 3, each half cycle provides a start and stop interception point 29 fe for determining the frequency of that portion of the analog signal corresponding to each 0 digital word. Known techniques and apparatus in the art, such as use of the upcounter method, a frequency translator, the frequency counter method, and time interval analyzer, can or then be employed to determine the frequency of each half cycle of the analog signal. -

For additional embodiments of the preferred invention, multiple signals are sent on the same pot

AF analog signal. In one embodiment, with reference to FIG. 3, a first digital data stream = comprising digital words A, C, E and G are combined with a second digital data stream ~d comprising digital words B, D, F and H. The digital streams are combined with alternate half cycles of the sinusoidal wave corresponding to digital words of the first or second digital signal. More particularly, when the first and second digital signals are combined, the first digital signal is separated into digital words which define only the positive waveforms of the

AF analog signal, while the second digital stream is divided into digital words which define only the negative waveforms of an AF analog signal. To decompress the AF analog signal, the positive and negative waveforms are separated and the frequency assignments are translated back into digital words by the second convertor connected to the conversion table.

Separate first and second digital streams are recreated by sequentially compiling the digital words according to whether they were originally a positive or negative waveform of the sinusoidal wave.

In additional preferred embodiments, conversion tables are generated so that frequently transmitted digital words define frequency assignments having shorter wavelengths to further increase the data compression rate. For example, with reference to the above conversion table, digital data predominated by "zeros" would have a slower data transmission rate than digital data predominated by "ones". Accordingly, in a preferred embodiment, the digital data is analyzed prior to compression in order to select, or create, an ideal conversion table for the compression of the digital data.

The selection of alternate conversion tables, also provides a simple method of encryption. By using proprietary conversion tables or by frequently changing the conversion tables, provides a simple and inexpensive method for encrypting the AF analog signal.

Furthermore, where the transmission of data needs not be lossless, for example for the transmission of video imagery, the bandwidth separation between frequency assignments can be reduced to the point where acceptable errors may be introduced into the system. For example, the transmission of video imagery including a 256 color scale requires 8 bits. i

Reduction of the bandwidth separation between frequency assignments of the above example from 6 Hz to 1 Hz significantly increases the data transmission rate by providing a corresponding increase in the average frequency. More particularly, the average frequency i for the AF analog signal 13 is increased from 2432 Hz to 3072 Hz. Any error made by the f alternating frequency measurement means 21 results in a diversion from the correct level in = ] the 256 color scale which is imperceptible to the human eye. ~ ;

Though the above described preferred embodiments have been made primarily with reference ot to the compression of digital data 6, analog data may also be compressed by application of os the present invention. With reference to FIG. 1, analog data in the form of an analog signal 3 fod is converted into a digital signal 6 by an analog-to-digital converter 5. The digital signal 6 is = then converted into an AF analog signal 13 by the first converter processor 7 and alternating N frequency generator 11. To reproduce the original analog signal 3, the AF analog signal 13 is - first converted back into a digital signal 6 by alternating frequency measurement means 21 ol connected to the second converter processor 23. The digital signal 6 is then converted to the LL ; original analog signal 3 by a standard digital-to-analog converter 25. ” [a] E

Where signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) is of concern for the transmission of the AF analog signal = 13, for example for transmission by radio frequencies (RF), it is preferred that the AF analog — signal 13 by delivered at a substantially maximum and constant amplitude. For example, hy

FIGS. 2 and 3 show the AF analog signal 13 to have a constant amplitude. This is believed bod preferable for the transmission of high-speed digital data by cellular, wireless, infra-red i transmitters or the like where spurious signals could distort measurements made by the alternating frequency measurement means 21.

Where signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) is not of concern for the transmission of the AF analog signal 13, it is believed that other known compression methods may be used in cooperation with application of the present invention to further compress analog or digital data 6. For example, known methods of adjusting the amplitude, known as Amplitude Modulation (AM), may be combined with the practice of the present invention to transmit data at an even faster rate. For example, modulating the amplitude of the AF analog signal 13 during signal : transmission provides the ability to transmit additional data, or data more quickly, than : simply by alternating the frequency of the AF analog signal.

Where the transmission of data needs not be lossless, for example during the transmission of video imagery, lossy compression methods may also be combined with the practice of the present invention. The combination of known lossy methods with the production of an AF analog signal 13 of the present invention can be determined without undo experimentation by : those skilled in the art. :

Though particular forms of the invention have been illustrated and described, it will be apparent that various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is not intended that the invention be limited, except for the appended claims. Having described the invention in such terms as to enable those skilled in the art to make and use it, and having identified the presently preferred best modes thereof, * kk kk }

Claims (17)

1. : Prive? 4 JN <3 P3 oo DATA TRANSMISSION BY AN ALTERNATING - FREQUENCY ANALOG 09 - a =o SIGNAL | Rep Eien, Pe TIA rowit Abstract Cee dm The present invention provides for the compression of digital and analog data for storage and = transmission. Analog data in the form of an analog signal is converted into gAfigital signal by CH an analog-to-digital converter. The digital signal is then converted into” an analog signal er having an alternating frequency by a first converter processor and an alternating frequency oo generator according to a predetermined conversion table. To reproduce the original analog signal, the analog signal having an alternating frequency is first converted back into a digital 0 signal by an alternating frequency measurement means connected to a second converter - processor, also in accordance with the predetermined conversion table. The digital signal is or then converted to the original analog signal by a digital-to-analog converter. To Claims I claim:

   1. A system for compressing digital data by conversion to an alternating frequency signal, the system comprising: digital data including bits in the form of "ones" and "zeros", said bits being sequentially assembled in discrete packages to form digital words; digital-to-AF/AF-to-digital conversion table including preselected frequencies assignments corresponding to said digital words; first conversion means for converting said digital words into preselected frequencies assignments according to said digital-to-AF/AF-to-digital conversion table; alternating frequency signal generator coupled to said first conversion means for creating a signal having alternating frequencies, said alternating frequency signal being a signal alternating in frequency every predetermined number of cycles, the alternating frequencies of said alternating frequency signal corresponding to the sequential arrangement of said preselected frequency assignments created by said first conversion means; alternating frequency measurement means coupled to said alternating frequency signal generator for measuring the alternating frequencies of said alternating frequency signal; second conversion means coupled to said alternating frequency measurement means for converting said alternating frequencies of said alternating frequency signal into said digital

   CL ’ words according to said digital-to-AF/AF-to-digital conversion table; and digital signal generator coupled to said second conversion means for assembling said digital ~ words into sequential order for recreating said digital data. =
2. 2. The system for compressing digital data by conversion to an alternating frequency signal - ; of claim 1 further comprising: be

   : . ~ ee . fo transmission means connected to said alternating frequency generator for transmitting said alternating frequency signal; and oo : receiver means connected to said alternating frequency measurement means for measuring 0 : the alternating frequencies of said alternating frequency signal. " LI
3. 3. The system for compressing digital data by conversion to an alternating frequency signal = of claim | further comprising: oo fot storage means connected to said alternating frequency generator for storing said alternating bt frequency signal. oF
4. 4. The system for compressing digital data by conversion to an alternating frequency signal of claim 1 wherein said predetermined number of cycles is less than one-hundred (100) cycles.
5. 3. The system for compressing and transmitting digital data by conversion to an alternating frequency signal for transmission of claim | wherein said predetermined number of cycles is less than five (5) cycles.
6. 6. The system for compressing and transmitting digital data by conversion to an alternating frequency signal for transmission of claim 1 wherein said predetermined number of cycles is one (1) cycle.
7. 7. The system for compressing and transmitting digital data by conversion to an alternating : frequency signal for transmission of claim 1 wherein said predetermined number of cycles is one-half (1/2) cycle.
8. 8. The system for compressing and transmitting digital data by conversion to an alternating frequency signal for transmission of claim 1 further comprising: analog data; analog to digital converter for converting said analog data into said digital data; and digital to analog converter coupled to said digital signal generator for converting said digital data back into said analog data.
9. 9. The system for compressing and transmitting digital data by conversion to an alternating frequency signal for transmission of claim 8 wherein said analog data is a video signal.
10. 10. The system for compressing and transmitting digital data by conversion to an alternating frequency signal for transmission of claim 8 wherein said analog data is an audio signal. :
11. 11. The system for compressing and transmitting digital data by conversion to an alternating - frequency signal for transmission of claim 1 wherein said alternating frequency measurement - means includes one or more finite infinite response (FIR) filters. or
12. 12. A method of compressing and transmitting data comprising the steps of? bd providing digital data including bits in the form of "ones" and "zeros"; formatting the digital signal into digital words with each word including a plurality of bits; LL providing a digital-to-AF/AF-to-digital conversion table including preselected frequencies " assignments corresponding to the digital words; - converting the digital words into preselected frequencies assignments according to the es! digital-to-AF/AF-to-digital conversion table; po pt creating an alternating frequency signal having alternating frequencies, the alternating ed frequency signal being a signal alternating in frequency every predetermined number of cycles, the alternating frequencies of the alternating frequency signal corresponding to the sequential arrangement of the preselected frequencies assignments; transmitting the alternating frequency signal, receiving the alternating frequency signal; and converting the preselected frequencies of the alternating frequency signal into digital words according to the digital-to-AF/AF-to-digital conversion table.
13. 13. A method of compressing and transmitting data of claim 12 wherein said predetermined number of cycles is less than one-hundred (100) cycles.
14. 14. A method of compressing and transmitting data of claim 12 wherein said predetermined number of cycles is less than five (5) cycles.
15. 15. A method of compressing and transmitting data of claim 12 wherein said predetermined number of cycles is one (1) cycle.
16. 16. A method of compressing and transmitting data of claim 12 wherein said predetermined number of cycles is one-half (1/2) cycle.
17. 17. A method of compressing and transmitting data of claim 12 further comprising the steps of: providing analog data; : converting the analog data into digital data; and ; converting the digital data back into analog data.