OA20035A - Natural mosquito larvicide. - Google Patents
Natural mosquito larvicide. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- OA20035A OA20035A OA1202000359 OA20035A OA 20035 A OA20035 A OA 20035A OA 1202000359 OA1202000359 OA 1202000359 OA 20035 A OA20035 A OA 20035A
- Authority
- OA
- OAPI
- Prior art keywords
- émulsion
- larvae
- peppermint oil
- oil
- tyrosine
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002267 larvicidal agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 241000255925 Diptera Species 0.000 title claims description 41
- 241000256118 Aedes aegypti Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 241000256182 Anopheles gambiae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000001525 mentha piperita l. herb oil Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 235000019477 peppermint oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-tyrosine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cetyl alcohol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229960000541 cetyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 claims description 24
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 21
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920001213 Polysorbate 20 Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000010486 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 229940044949 Eucalyptus oil Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010642 eucalyptus oil Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000256113 Culicidae Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 241001414900 Anopheles stephensi Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000256173 Aedes albopictus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 26
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 201000004792 malaria Diseases 0.000 abstract description 9
- 208000001490 Dengue Diseases 0.000 abstract description 7
- 206010012310 Dengue fever Diseases 0.000 abstract description 7
- 208000003152 Yellow Fever Diseases 0.000 abstract description 7
- 241000907316 Zika virus Species 0.000 abstract description 7
- 201000009182 chikungunya Diseases 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000001418 larval Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 208000004293 Chikungunya Fever Diseases 0.000 abstract description 6
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001488 breeding Effects 0.000 description 13
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 230000000974 larvacidal Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000002847 pupicidal Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000001058 adult Effects 0.000 description 9
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dopamine Chemical compound NCCC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 6
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- WTDRDQBEARUVNC-LURJTMIESA-N 3-hydroxy-L-tyrosine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 WTDRDQBEARUVNC-LURJTMIESA-N 0.000 description 4
- 240000001200 Eucalyptus globulus Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 3
- 229960004441 Tyrosine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000004166 bioassay Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229960003638 dopamine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000019688 fish Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000000749 insecticidal Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000017448 oviposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 3
- 210000001015 Abdomen Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 235000004692 Eucalyptus globulus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000004694 Eucalyptus leucoxylon Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000010705 Eucalyptus maculata Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000009683 Eucalyptus polybractea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000009687 Eucalyptus sargentii Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 210000003128 Head Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013351 cheese Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000000038 chest Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000001612 eucalyptus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000001617 eucalyptus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000001621 eucalyptus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000006356 eucalyptus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- -1 pyrethroids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000005227 red mallee Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000241 respiratory Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000002374 tyrosine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000256111 Aedes <genus> Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000144725 Amygdalus communis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000256186 Anopheles <genus> Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000005781 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000206761 Bacillariophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 Blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 240000001452 Canavalia ensiformis Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000001136 Chorion Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000256054 Culex <genus> Species 0.000 description 1
- 102100016784 DDC Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010008044 Dopa Decarboxylase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 210000003278 Egg Shell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001161 Embryo, Mammalian Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 241000006109 Eucalyptus delegatensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 231100000601 Intoxication Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 241000408747 Lepomis gibbosus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013629 Lippia javanica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XUMBMVFBXHLACL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Melanin Chemical compound O=C1C(=O)C(C2=CNC3=C(C(C(=O)C4=C32)=O)C)=C2C4=CNC2=C1C XUMBMVFBXHLACL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014435 Mentha Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001072983 Mentha Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000006217 Mentha pulegium Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016257 Mentha pulegium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 Milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 240000008790 Musa x paradisiaca Species 0.000 description 1
- XSEISCCZWTVSRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-2-(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1CNC1=CC=CC=C1CN1C=NC=C1 XSEISCCZWTVSRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000255932 Nematocera Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008426 Persea americana Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010617 Phaseolus lunatus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001660719 Pinckneya bracteata Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000005374 Poisoning Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000382353 Pupa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000208443 Sarracenia flava Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000003670 Sesamum indicum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003434 Sesamum indicum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000002356 Skeleton Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 102000031061 Tyrosine 3-monooxygenases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091000118 Tyrosine 3-monooxygenases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000240 adjuvant Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000020224 almond Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000222 aromatherapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003385 bacteriostatic Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021015 bananas Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 231100000693 bioaccumulation Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004657 carbamic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002249 digestive system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000009910 diseases by infectious agent Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drugs Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003974 emollient agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003797 essential amino acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020776 essential amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 201000006353 filariasis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000855 fungicidal Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000001050 hortel pimenta Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000566 intoxication Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000035987 intoxication Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001530 keratinolytic Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005445 natural product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004045 organic chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032696 parturition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000006678 peppermint Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015132 peppermint Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000007735 peppermint Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000005426 persea americana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005500 petroleum industry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035479 physiological effects, processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010069727 pro-phenoloxidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000005180 public health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020236 pumpkin seed Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000384 rearing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002345 respiratory system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000012865 response to insecticide Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035943 smell Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010698 whale oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013618 yogurt Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Abstract
Larvicide and pupicide formulation and methods of administration thereof, harmless for humans and other animals, able to kill all the instars larval stages and pupae in about two hours and fifteen minutes, respectively, with no impact on the environment. Larvicide/pupicide formulation and methods of administration thereof for killing larvae and pupae of Anopheles gambiae and An. stephensi, main vectors of malaria, and Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus, main vectors of dengue, Zika virus, chikungunya and yellow fever.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority of U.S. Utility Application No. 15/926,434 filed March 20, 2018 entitled NATURAL MOSQUITO LARVICIDE which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/591,325 filed November 28, 2017 entitled NATURAL MOSQUITO LARVICIDE. The contents of the above referenced applications are incorporated by referenced as if fully set forth in their entirety.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The présent invention is directed to larvicide formulation and methods of administration thereof for killing the instars larval stages and pupae in about two hours and fifteen minutes, respectively; with no impact on the environment. In particular, the larvicide formulation and methods of administration thereof are directed to killing larvae and pupae of Anopheles gambiae and An. stephensi, main vectors of malaria, and Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus, main vectors of dengue, Zika virus, chikungunya and yellow fever. In particular, the présent invention relates to a pupicidal and larvicidal composition suitable to be placed in environments frequented by human beings and by confmed or nonconfined domestic and nondomestic animais and particularly suitable for eliminating the juvénile stages of mosquitoes.
BACKGROUND
[0003] Mosquitoes represent a wide number of insects belonging to the order Diptera, suborder Nematocera, family Culicidae. There are approximately 3500 species of mosquitoes grouped into 41 généra.
[0004] Vector-bome diseases transmitted by mosquitoes (malaria, filariasis, dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, Zika virus and other arboviruses) are the major public health concems in tropical and sub-tropical areas of the world. Poor and ineffective drainage Systems in urban areas, especially during rainy seasons, and irrigation ditches in farmland provide several mosquito breeding places.
[0005] Among the mosquito populations, Anopheles stephensi and An. gambiae are the main malaria vectors in Asia and Africa, respectively; whereas Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus are the main vectors of arboviruses.
[0006] Ail these vector-bome diseases afflict mainly poor countries where more than two billion people live in endemic régions.
[0007] The common approaches to fïght vector-bome diseases rely on the use of Chemical insecticides or synthetic larvicides targeting adults and larvae. However, the development of mosquitoes showing insecticide-resistance to different classes of synthetic compounds, such as pyrethroids, organophosphates, organochlorides and carbamates, has determined the research of new and “safe” formulations to control mosquito populations. Moreover, the toxicity of available Chemical products on human beings and animais as well, their high operational costs and the subséquent environmental pollution, hâve caused the need for developing new approaches to control vector-bome diseases.
[0008] Mosquito life cycle
[0009] Mosquitoes go through four developmental stages in their life cycles: eggs, larvae, pupae and adult. The first three stages are aquatic and persist until about two weeks and dépend on the mosquito species and the extemal environmental conditions. The female mosquito lifespan is around three weeks while for a male it’s just two weeks. Adult females lay 50-200 eggs per oviposition. The eggs are quite small (about 0.5 x 0.2 mm). Eggs are laid singly and directly on water. Eggs are not résistant to drying and hatch within 2-3 days, although hatching may take up to 2-3 weeks in colder climates.
[0010] Larvae emerge from the eggs. The Anopheles larvae do not present a respiratory siphon, like other mosquitoes (e.g. the Culex and Aedes généra), so its body is parallel to the surface of the water. In contrast, feeding larvae of non-anopheline mosquito species attach itself to the water surface through its posterior siphon, with their body pointing downwards. The mosquito larvae hâve a well-developed head with mouth brushes used for feeding, a large thorax and a nine-segment abdomen. The larvae feed on zooplankton, algae, bacteria, and other microorganisms in the surface microlayer.
[0011] To lay their eggs female mosquitoes need to mate, to inseminate the eggs and one or more blood feeding to develop the eggs. Immediately after the oviposition, freshly oviposited eggs are soft and white. Since the eggshell in insects represents an important barrier that prevent the embryo from damages and infections, for this reason it undergoes through different processes of hardening and darkening that gives to it more résistance to external environment. In this sense, the amino acid tyrosine plays a crucial rôle in the egg chorion melanization. In the melanization pathway, tyrosine is converted in L-Dopa by tyrosine hydroxylase and L-Dopa is converted in dopamine by Dopa decarboxylase, different prophenol oxidase are then involved in the formation in both L-Dopa melanin from L-Dopa and Dopamine melanin from Dopamine.
[0012] Larvae develop through four stages, or instars, after which they develop into pupae. At the end of each instars, the larvae grow up, modifying their exoskeletons, to allow for further growth. First-stage larvae are about 1 mm in length; fourthstage larvae are normally 5-8 mm in length.
[0013] The processes from egg-laying to adult inception dépends on température and environmental conditions, with a minimum time of seven days.
[0014] The larvae can survive in a wide range of habitats and they hâve been found in freshwater or saltwater marshes, swamps, rice fields, the edges of streams and rivers, and small, temporary rain pools.
[0015] The pupae hâve the shape of a comma if it’s seen from the side. The head and thorax are joined into a céphalothorax with the abdomen curving around undemeath. As with the larvae, pupae must corne to the surface frequently to breathe, through a pair of respiratory trumpets on their cephalothoraces. After a few days as a pupa, the dorsal surface of the céphalothorax is broken and the adult mosquito emerges. The pupal stage lasts around 2-3 days in temperate areas.
[0016] The duration from egg to adult can considerably vary depending on species, and it is strongly influenced by extemal environment. Mosquitoes can develop from egg to adult from 7 to 14 days according to environmental conditions.
[0017] Most existing insecticides available in the market are constituted by effective ingrédients but are also characterized by spécifie toxicity degrees for human beings and animais, as well.
[0018] The élimination of mosquito larvae and pupae using a not-toxic formulation does not pollute aquatic environments substantially eliminating risk of intoxication for both animais and human beings.
[0019] Existing references known to kill mosquitoes include US5196200, US5205065, US5228233, US5281621, US5327675, US5417009, US5464626, US5521165, US5633236, US5665781, US5698210, US5716602, US5855903, US6077521, US6267953, US6306415, US6562841, US6593299, US6605643, US6800294, US6809078, US6825006, US7198797, US7378557, US8454983, US8696987, US8900553, US9549898, US20070154504, US20080193387, US20080213198, US20090018192, US20100233146, US20100310685, US20110229543, US20130296370, US20160360758, US20170215432 and WO2016018937.
[0020] It is an object of the invention to improve upon the defïciencies in the prior art.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0021] It is an object of the invention to improve upon the prior art and to provide larvicide formulations and methods of administration thereof for killing the instars larval stages and pupae in about two hours and fïfteen minutes, respectively; with no impact on the environment.
[0022] It is an object of the invention to provide a larvicide formulation and methods of administration thereof for killing larvae and pupae of Anopheles gambiae and An. stephensi, main vectors of malaria, and Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus, main vectors of dengue, Zika virus, chikungunya and yellow fever.
[0023] It is an object of the invention to provide a larvicidal and pupicidal formulation characterized by a substantially negligible toxicity for animais, particularly fish, and for human beings.
[0024] It is an object of the présent invention to provide a larvicidal and pupicidal formulation which has a low cost, is relatively simple to employ in practice, and is safe in application.
[0025] It is an object of the invention to provide a larvicidal and pupicidal formulation comprising: cetyl alcohol, salicylic acid, tyrosine, peppermint oil, eucalyptus oil, diatomaceous earth and tween 20.
[0026] Other objects of the invention are achieved by providing methods of administering a larvicide and pupicidal formulation comprising: cetyl alcohol, salicylic acid, tyrosine, peppermint oil, eucalyptus oil, diatomaceous earth and tween 20.
[0027] In particular, objects of the invention are achieved by providing an émulsion for killing mosquitoes, comprising: tyrosine dissolved in water; and a solution of cetyl alcohol and salicylic acid dissolved in peppermint oil, wherein the émulsion is configured to be applied as a larvicide and pupicide to kill larvae and pupae of mosquitoes.
[0028] In certain embodiments, the solution further comprises diatomaceous earth, tween 20 and eucalyptus oil dissolved in said peppermint oil.
[0029] In certain embodiments, the larvae and pupae are selected from a group consisting of Anopheles gambiae and An. stephensi, main vectors of malaria, and Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus, main vectors of dengue, Zika virus, chikungunya and yellow fever.
[0030] In certain embodiments, the émulsion kills the larvae and pupae within about two hours and fifteen minutes, respectively.
[0031] In certain embodiments, the émulsion comprises 0.03 g of said tyrosine, 200 ml of said water, 10 g of said cetyl alcohol, 10 g of said salicylic acid and 100 ml of peppermint oil.
[0032] In certain embodiments, the émulsion comprises 0.03 g of said tyrosine, 200 ml of said water, 10 g of said cetyl alcohol, 10 g of said salicylic acid, 5 g of diatomaceous earth and 20 drops of tween 20 dissolved into 40 ml of eucalyptus oil and 60 ml of peppermint oil.
[0033] In certain embodiments, the ratio of tyrosine to water in the émulsion ranges from 0% to 1%.
[0034] In certain embodiments, the ratio of cetyl alcohol to peppermint oil ranges from 0% to 30%.
[0035] In certain embodiments, the ratio of salicylic acid to peppermint oil ranges from 0% to 30%.
[0036] In certain embodiments, the ratio of diatomaceous earth to peppermint oil ranges from 0% to 20%.
[0037] In certain embodiments, the ratio of tween 20 to peppermint oil ranges from 0% to 20%.
[0038] In certain embodiments, the ratio of eucalyptus oil to peppermint oil ranges from 0% to 70%.
[0039] In certain embodiments, the larvae mortality is at least 60% after 24 hours post application of said émulsion.
[0040] In certain embodiments, the larvae mortality is at least 70% after 18 hours post application of said émulsion.
[0041] In certain embodiments, the larvae and pupae mortality is approximately 100% after 2 hours and 15 minutes, respectively, after application of said émulsion.
[0042] Other objects of the invention are achieved by providing an émulsion for killing mosquitoes, comprising: tyrosine dissolved in water; and an oil-based solution comprising peppermint oil, wherein the émulsion is configured to be applied as a larvicide/pupicide to kill larvae and pupae of mosquitoes.
[0043] In certain embodiments, the oil-based solution comprises cetyl alcohol and salicylic acid.
[0044] In certain embodiments, the oil-based solution comprises diamatoceous earth and tween 20.
[0045] Other objects of the invention are achieved by providing a method of administering the larvicide/pupicide émulsion of the embodiments of the invention as larvicide/pupicide to kill larvae and pupae of mosquitoes.
[0046] In certain embodiments, the larvae and pupae are selected from a group consisting of Anopheles gambiae and An. stephensi, main vectors of malaria, and Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus, main vectors of dengue, Zika virus, chikungunya and yellow fever.
[0047] Other objects of the invention and its particular features and advantages will become more apparent from considération of the following drawings and accompanying detailed description. It should be understood that the detailed description and spécifie examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0048] Fig. 1 shows charts of survival tests of the four mosquito species in particular with An. stephensi, An. gambiae, Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus treated with different formulations.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION
[0049] In the following description, numerous details are set forth for the purpose of explanation. However, one of ordinary skill in the art will realize that the invention may be practiced without the use of these spécifie details.
[0050] The formulations of pupicidal and/or larvicidal compositions according to the invention are intended to suppress larvae and pupae of Anopheles stephensi and An. gambiae, main vectors of malaria; Aedes albopictus and Ae. aegypti, vectors of several arboviruses, by means of active ingrédients and excipients which hâve low toxicity.
[0051] The composition according to the invention comprises cetyl alcohol.
[0052] Cetyl alcohol, also known as 1-hexadecanol and palmityl alcohol, is a solid organic compound and a member of the alcohol class of compounds. Its Chemical formula is CH3(CH2)isOH. At room température, cetyl alcohol takes the form of a waxy white solid or flakes. It belongs to the group of fatty alcohols. With the demise of commercial whaling, cetyl alcohol is no longer primarily produced from whale oil, but instead either as an end-product of the petroleum industry, or produced from vegetable oils such as palm oil and coconut oil. From a functional standpoint, it must be specified that spécifie researches that hâve been conducted show that cetyl alcohol is an excellent pupicidal compounds of Diptera.
[0053] Cetyl alcohol is a long chain alcohol, which can find applications as an emulsifying agent, adjuvant in the stabilization of certain products, emollient, viscosity increasing agent, foam booster and opacifying agent in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. The composition according to the invention may also comprise essential oils: in particular, the embodiments showing optimum effectiveness in suppressing larvae and pupae of mosquitoes include essential oil of peppermint. Peppermint Oil is an essential oil extracted from the leaves of Mentha xpiperita. Peppermint oil is used for its aromatic properties and as a flavoring and to treat illnesses of the digestive and respiratory System as well as pain. Said essential oil guarantees the formation of a film, on the free surface of the water in which the product is distributed (ponds, lakes or naturel or artificial bodies of water of any other kind and/or size); this film of infinitésimal thickness assures contact of the larvae and/or pupae with the compound.
[0054] The composition may also include tyrosine. Tyrosine is one of the 20 standard amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize proteins. It is a non-essential amino acid with a polar side group. Its codons are UAC and UAU. Tyrosine is actually found in many highprotein food products such as chicken, turkey, fish, milk, yogurt, cottage cheese, cheese, peanuts, almonds, pumpkin seeds, sesame seeds, soy products, lima beans, avocados, and bananas.
[0055] The composition may also include tween 20. It is a nonionic detergent widely used in biochemical applications. It has been used as an emulsifying agent for the préparation of stable oil-in-water émulsions.
[0056] The embodiments comprise salicylic acid. Salicylic acid is a monohydroxybenzoic acid which shows bacteriostatic, fungicidal and keratolytic actions. It is soluble in water, biodégradable in nature having low bioaccumulation potential. Salicylic acid and its dérivatives are also used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. Likewise, salicylic acid also is a substance of the solid type at ambient température and liquéfaction for dissolving occurs, in this case also, by heating it.
[0057] Diatomaceous earth is made from the fossilized remains of tiny, aquatic organisms called diatoms. Their skeletons are made of a natural substance called silica. The diatomaceous earth is added to the formulations to damage larvae and pupae after ingestion.
[0058] Peppermint oil is a colourless, pale yellow liquid with a strong agreeable smell and a powerful aromatic taste. Peppermint oil is the most popular and widely used essential oil employed in flavouring, pharmaceuticals, confectionery and medicines.
[0059] Eucalyptus essential oil is obtained from fresh leaves of the tall, evergreen Eucalyptus tree. The tree, scientifically classified as Eucalyptus globulus is also known as fever tree, blue gum tree or stringy bark tree, depending on where it is located in the world. The numerous health benefits of eucalyptus oil hâve attracted the attention of the entire world, and it has stimulated a great deal of exploration into its usage in aromatherapy as well as in conventional medicine.
[0060] According to the embodiments, one possible excipient is water.
[0061] From a practical point of view, some of the possible embodiments in application related to spécifie formulations of undisputed effectiveness and with negligible toxicity are cited hereafter in materials and methods.
[0062] The excipient amounts involved are to be considered purely to define the proportions among the various components.
[0063] It has thus been found that the invention achieves the intended aim and object.
[0064] The invention thus conceived is susceptible of numerous modifications and variations, ail of which are within the scope of the appended claims.
[0065] Ail the details may further be replaced with other technically équivalent ones.
[0066] Moreover, it is noted that anything found to be already known during the patenting process is understood not to be claimed and to be the subject of a disclaimer.
[0067] In practice, the materials used, as well as the shapes and the dimensions, may be any according to requirements without thereby abandoning the scope of the protection of the appended claims.
[0068] MATERIALS/METHODS
[0069] Components
[0070] Components: tyrosine, cetyl alcohol, salicylic acid, peppermint oil, eucalyptus oil, diatomaceous earth and tween 20.
[0071] Several formulations were tested to evaluate their larvicidal/pupicidal activity:
i) 0.03 g of tyrosine dissolved in 200 ml breeding water;
ii) 10 g of cetyl alcohol and 10 g of salicylic acid dissolved into 100 ml of peppermint oil (solution A).
iii) 10 g of cetyl alcohol, 10 g salicylic acid, 5 g diatomaceous earth and 20 drops of tween 20 dissolved into 40 ml of eucalyptus oil and 60 ml of peppermint oil (solution B);
[0072] The solutions A and B were shaken vigorously before use to obtain an excellent émulsion.
iv) 0.03 g of tyrosine dissolved directly into the breeding water (200 ml) containing larvae, pupae in addition to 5 drops of solution A;
v) 0.03 g of tyrosine dissolved directly into the breeding water (200 ml) containing larvae, pupae in addition to 5 drops of solution B;
vi) a négative control containing only breeding water.
[0073] Larvae/Pupae collection and rearing
[0074] Larvae and pupae of Anopheles gambiae, An. stephensi, Aedes albopictus and Ae. aegypti were reared in 200 ml of breeding water and fed by mice dry-food powder in the mosquito insectary at the University of Camerino. The pre-adult developmental stages were grown under these conditions: 28°C, 80% relative humidity and a photoperiod of 12 h light followed by 12 h dark.
[0075] Larvicidal/Pupicidal tests
[0076] Mosquito larvicidal/pupicidal tests were carried out based on the WHO standardized procedures and guidelines for larvicidal assay.
[0077] The screening was conducted evaluating the mortality of populations including first, second, third and fourth-instar larvae and pupae, using different experimental products:
- 0.03 g of tyrosine dissolved in 200 ml breeding water;
- 10 g of cetyl alcohol and 10 g of salicylic acid dissolved into 100 ml of peppermint oil (solution A).
- 10 g of cetyl alcohol, 10 g salicylic acid, 5 g diatomaceous earth and 20 drops of tween 20 dissolved into 40 ml of eucalyptus oil and 60 ml of peppermint oil (solution B);
[0078] The solutions A and B were shaken vigorously before use to obtain an excellent émulsion.
- 0.03 g of tyrosine dissolved directly into the breeding water (200 ml) containing larvae, pupae in addition to 5 drops of solution A',
- 0.03 g of tyrosine dissolved directly into the breeding water (200 ml) containing larvae, pupae in addition to 5 drops of solution B;
- a négative control containing only breeding water.
[0079] For each mosquito species, 24 hours before the assay to reduce the larval stress, we prepared 6 trays [15 cm (width), 15 cm (length) and 6.5 cm (deep)] one for each tested products, containing 200 ml of breeding water which includes 40 mosquito larvae (first, second, third, fourth-instars) and 10 pupae. Each assay comprised of 3 replicates.
[0080] Mortality was recorded every 30 minutes from beginning for the pre-adult developmental stages (larvae and pupe). Larvae and pupae were considered dead when they failed to do any movement. The dead larvae and pupae were recorded, and the average percentage mortality was calculated.
[0081] RESULTS and DISCUSSION
[0082] The tyrosine alone caused a larval mortality of about 60% after 24 hours post application. The solution A and B showed to détermine the death of 70% of larvae after 18 h post application whereas ail the pupae die approximately in one hour. The larvicide composed by 0.03 g of tyrosine in addition to 5 drops of solution A and B in 200 ml of breeding water showed the stronger larvicidal/pupicidal activity determining the death of 100% mosquito larval stages after 2 hours post application and pupae after 15 min. A négative control including 40 larvae (from first to fourth-instars) and 10 pupe in 200 ml of breeding water alone, was also prepared for each species. No dead larvae or pupae were recorded from négative control samples.
[0083] The results show that ail the compounds tested perform a synergistic and complementary action increasing the efficacy of each single ingrédients tested alone.
[0084] CONCLUSIONS
[0085] The inventors hâve developed an innovative, low cost and safe larvicidal and pupicidal composition characterized by an insignificant toxicity for animais, particularly fishes, and for human beings.
[0086] The larvicide/pupicide formulation was developed as a tool against Anopheles stephensi, An. gambiae, Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquito species, vectors of several diseases, such as malaria, dengue, Zika virus, chikungunya and yellow fever; through the use of few selected ingrédients with a low toxicity able to kill larval and pupal stages.
[0087] One of the main advantage of the invention is its quick time of action on killing pre-adult stages of mosquito species listed above. Moreover, the larvicide formulation’s most important feature is related to the nature of its compounds: since tyrosine is essential for mosquito physiology it doesn’t undergo through résistant mechanisms developed by mosquitoes against the synthetic compounds présent in common larvicides and insecticides.
[0088] Results suggest that our safe larvicide/pupicide can represent a powerful 5 competitor against the common used Chemical products which toxicity and collateral effects on human and animais are not well characterized.
[0089] Having thus described several embodiments for practicing the inventive method, its advantages and objectives can be easily understood. Variations from the description above may and can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the 10 scope of the invention.
[0090] Accordingly, this invention is not to be limited by the embodiments as described, which are given by way of example only and not by way of limitation.
[0091] REFERENCES
[0092] Rodolfo Quevedo and Nelson Nunez-Dallos Martha L. Quinones. (2015).
Larvicidal activity of single and macrocyclic tyrosine dérivatives against three important vector mosquitoes. Research on Chemical Intermediates. 41 (8): 5283-5292.
Claims (15)
1. An émulsion for killing mosquito larvae, characterized by comprising:
a) tyrosine dissolved in water; and
b) a solution of cetyl alcohol and salicylic acid dissolved in peppermint oil, wherein the émulsion is configured to be applied as a larvicide to kill larvae of mosquitoes selected from a group consisting of Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles Stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Aedes Albopictus.
2. The émulsion according to claim 1, wherein the solution further comprises diatomaceous earth, tween 20 and eucalyptus oil dissolved in said peppermint oil.
3. The émulsion according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the émulsion kills the larvae within about two hours and fifteen minutes, respectively.
4. The émulsion according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the émulsion comprises 0.03 g of said tyrosine, 200 ml of said water, 10 g of said cetyl alcohol, 10 g of said salicylic acid and 100 ml of peppermint oil.
5. The émulsion according to claim 2, wherein the émulsion comprises 0.03 g of said tyrosine, 200 ml of said water, 10 g of said cetyl alcohol, 10 g of said salicylic acid, 5 g of diatomaceous earth and 20 drops of tween 20 dissolved into 40 ml of eucalyptus oil and 60 ml of peppermint oil.
6. The émulsion according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the ratio of tyrosine to water in the émulsion ranges from 0% to 1%.
7. The émulsion according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the ratio of cetyl alcohol to peppermint oil ranges from 0% to 30%.
8. The émulsion according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the ratio of salicylic acid to peppermint oil ranges from 0% to 30%.
9. The émulsion according to claim 2, wherein the ratio of diatomaceous earth to peppermint oil ranges from 0% to 20%.
10. The émulsion according to claim 2, wherein the ratio of tween 20 to peppermint oil ranges from 0% to 20%.
11. The émulsion according to claim 2, wherein the ratio of eucalyptus oil to peppermint oil ranges from 0% to 70%.
12. The émulsion according to one of claims 1, 4, 6, 7 and 8, wherein the larvae mortality is at least 60% after 24 hours post application of said émulsion and/or at least 70% after 18 hours post application of said émulsion.
13. The émulsion according to one of claims 2, 5, 9, 10 and 11, wherein the larvae mortality is approximately 100% after 2 hours and 15 minutes post application of said émulsion, respectively.
14. An émulsion for killing mosquito larvae, characterized by comprising:
c) tyrosine dissolved in water; and
d) an oil-based solution comprising peppermint oil,
70 wherein the émulsion is configured to be applied as a larvicide to kill larvae of mosquitoes selected from a group consisting of Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles Stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Aedes Albopictus.
15. The émulsion according to claim 14, wherein the oil-based solution comprises cetyl 75 alcohol and/or salicylic acid.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US15/926,434 | 2018-03-20 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
OA20035A true OA20035A (en) | 2021-11-01 |
Family
ID=
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Khater et al. | In vitro control of the camel nasal botfly, Cephalopina titillator, with doramectin, lavender, camphor, and onion oils | |
Ndumu et al. | Toxicity of neem seed oil (Azadiracta indica) against the larvae of Amblyomma variegatum a three‐host tick in cattle | |
Khater | Bioactivities of some essential oils against the camel nasal botfly, Cephalopina titillator | |
Khater et al. | Potential of essential oils to prevent fly strike and their effects on the longevity of adult Lucilia sericata | |
Naseem et al. | Mosquito management: A review | |
AU2020382808A1 (en) | Biocide and biopesticide compositions and methods of controlling arthropods | |
Boyko et al. | The viability of Haemonchus contortus (Nematoda, Strongylida) and Strongyloides papillosus (Nematoda, Rhabditida) larvae exposed to various flavourings and source materials used in food production | |
Elkattan et al. | Effect of some botanical materials on certain biological aspects of the house fly, Musca domestica L. | |
KR101288334B1 (en) | Composition for pest repellent comprising mixture of artemisia and quince as effective component | |
Baker et al. | Eugenol profile | |
US10959428B2 (en) | Hematophagous arthropod repellent composition | |
US10264787B1 (en) | Natural mosquito larvicide | |
Rashid et al. | The effect of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves extract on the ecdysis and mortality of immature stages of common house mosquito Culex pipiens fatigans | |
Yaseen | The effect of alcoholic and aqueous extract of Piper nigrum on the larvae of Culex pipiens molestus Forskal (Diptera: Culicidae) | |
OA20035A (en) | Natural mosquito larvicide. | |
US20060269582A1 (en) | Arthropod repellent comprising extracts and/or parts of the plant vitex agnus-castus | |
KR102255904B1 (en) | Pest control composition comprising Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. extract as active ingredient | |
EP2161990A1 (en) | Mosquito repellent | |
KR101738367B1 (en) | Compositions for Repelling Mosquitoes and bugs and the producing method thereof | |
Essa et al. | Biochemical Composition, Toxicity and Bioactivities of the Essential Oil extracted from Coffea arabica L. husks against the Cotton Leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval)(Lepidoptera: Noctudiae) | |
US20200093123A1 (en) | Insecticidal emulsion | |
Furtado et al. | Antiparasitic potential of alternative treatments against larval stages of Lernaea cyprinacea | |
Noll | The Control of Stomoxys calcitrans (Stable Flies) with Essential Oils | |
Mishra et al. | A systematic review on different aspect for mosquito management | |
KR20190057011A (en) | Pest control composition comprising Armeniacae Semen extract as active ingredient |