OA19835A - New formulation of an improved triple-action bio-pesticide (insecticide, fungicide and acaricide), in three forms: oily, aqueous, solid and its manufacturing process. - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a biopesticide of plant origin, a biological alternative, effective, natural, respectful of the environment and the health of populations. Formulating with more than 75% of the extracts of neem, it presents several applications in domestic use, in the field of agriculture as well as that of breeding. Effectively combining the active principles of neem relating to the insecticidal, fungicidal and acaricidal action, respectively, with those of capsicum, respectively tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) or Jatropha and garlic (allium sativum) or onion (allium cepa). This confers on this formulation an improved effectiveness and an efficiency compared to the single action of neem. This biopesticide can be used on all types of crops, it is used for the storage of cereals as well as for seed treatment. Without toxic effect, it has a triple action, both curative and preventive (insecticide, fungicide and acaricide), and acts on an exhaustive list of pests. / -

Description

I. INTRODUCTION

The present invention relates to a new formulation of an improved biopesticide with triple actions (insecticide, fungicide and acaricide), in three forms: oily, aqueous, solid and its manufacturing process.

It advantageously finds - but not limited to - application in agriculture and breeding, in particular in the protection of crops and animals against harmful insects and fungi, at different stages of life, thanks to a bio-insecticide and fungicide (as opposed to chemical pesticides).

II. STATE OF THE ART

The notion of a bio-pesticide dates back to the 7th century BC, when Chinese farmers used plants like illicium lanceolatum to protect their crops from insects (Leng et al., 2011). Likewise in the 17th century the Indians used roots of Derris and lonchocarpus for their insecticidal properties. Several publications also demonstrate the interest of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss), a “miracle” tree from Southeast Asia (southern Himalayas), a tropical plant, used and used for thousands of years, in particular. in India, for its extraordinary insecticidal, medicinal and cosmetic properties. Classically, Azadirachtin extracts are the basis of many bio pesticides developed over the past forty years.

A first type of this bio-pesticide is a mixture mainly made up of extract of Azadirachta indica (mostly over 70%), essential oil and an emulsifier.

An example of a biological insecticide having azadirachtin as its main base has been registered in the patents US005372817A and EPO n ° 436257 (European Patents Office) jointly granted to the multinational agrochemicals WR GRACE and the United States Department of Agriculture for the development of a pesticide formula from Neem seeds.

However, in view of the anteriority of Indian TK on neem and the evidence in the structure of the claims, several such patents were withdrawn following a major campaign in India and India.

Europe in the mid-1990s. The case of Neem was the most important victory achieved to date over Bio-piracy by civil society. This made it possible to create the first European case law in this area.

A second type of biopesticide based on azadirachtin, combines a set of natural sub-compounds allowing better efficiency in the spectrum of action and / or offers a certain efficiency in the use of the product (selective action, duration of action, storage, instructions for use).

An example of this type of biopesticide is described in Patent No. WO / 2017/177294, belonging to Universidade Fédéral Do Camara, protects a natural insecticide. This insecticide has a variant in the soluble granulated form.

A second example of improved efficiency is described in patent WO / 1992/019616 held by GUERRINI Vincent Henry. It presents a new method of improving the pesticide and repellent properties of extracts from the neem tree or Vazidarachtin, producing the synthesis of a new pesticide repellant. Neem tree extracts containing aridarachtins or compositions containing neem tree extracts or tree extracts associated with azidarachtins and dialkytoluamides and volatile oils are brought to temperatures between 30 and 200 degrees centigrade for a period ranging from 1 second to 1000 hours, so as to improve the pesticide and repellent properties of the compositions, or to achieve the synthesis of new repellent pesticides.

A third biopesticide in this sense is in particular the ecological insecticide described in patents CN107006531 and OAPI / N ° 17711. These environmentally friendly insecticides include fractions of different components, including at least 50% neem oil and aromatic plants. If their advantage in terms of environmental protection is almost identical, their differences lie mainly in the nature and fraction of the components used such as essential oils, antioxidants, emulsifiers.

These biopesticides have a better efficiency compared to the first type, but however have a different composition from each other. Indeed, among the aromatic plants used in the formulation of biopesticides, pepper (capsicum SP), garlic (allium sativum) and onion (allium cepa) respectively are recognized for their active principle as insecticide, respectively insect repellent.

An illustration in EPO Patent No. CA3007706 (Atley Bettina, 2017) describes a bio-pesticide composition, comprising portions of essential oil from several aromatic plants, including an amount of garlic essential oil and an amount of oleoresin of capsicum. Insecticides based on capsicum are also known such as those described in patents US2001054248 and WO201819259. These insecticides use an aqueous extract obtained from the fruit of the red pepper (capsicum annuum) to eliminate harmful insects.

These formulations which do not contain a Neem base, nor an extract of other plants recognized as natural insecticides and fungicides such as tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and jatropha. This use of tobacco extract (Nicotiana tabacum) (alternatively jatropha) is described in particular in patent KR20180026293 to which reference can advantageously be made.

These descriptions do not, however, combine the advantages of extracts of azadirachtin, extracts of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) or of Jatropha caucus L.

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a process for producing a biopesticide based on neem oil and plant extracts. It consists of a mixture of products, of plant origin allowing a 3 in 1 multi-action use (insecticide, fungicide, and acaricide), curative and preventive, presented in three different forms namely: oily, aqueous and solid. This composition derives its advantage by effectively combining the active principles of neem relating to the insecticidal, fungicidal and acaricidal action respectively, with those of capsicum sp, respectively of tobacco or Jatropha and garlic or onion. This confers on this formulation an improved effectiveness and an efficiency compared to the single action of neem. This is presented in the summary table below:

Table 1: Summary of the combined actions of the main components of the biopesticide

Active base Combined compounds Improved actions received capsicum - Insecticide - Insect repellent Nicotiana tabacum / - fungicide - Miticide Azadirachtin Jatropha caucus L Garlic Extract / onion - Insect repellent Black soap - Insecticide - Fixation of active substances

detailed description

The aqueous formulation of this biopesticide is obtained by crushing 50 to 75% of neem leaf, which will then be soaked in drinking water over a period between 24 hours to 72 hours, in order to obtain a juice with all its tones in azadirachtin property. Then 15 to 35% of the capsicum, 10 to 25% of garlic, 10 to 30% of the leaves of jatropha or tobacco gives us a very nice reaction between the molecules, with a very good content. A few grams of 1.5 to 5.5% black soap or any other equivalent. This aqueous form finds its preservative power through a proportional addition of vinegar and food coloring or any other similar preservative.

A second variant of this formulation is its oily form which consists of a mixture comprising the following volume percentages: from 50% to 75% of cold-extracted azadirachtin oil (between 40 ° C and 60 ° C), one portion oily from 10% to 25% capsicum, Jatropha L extract between 5% and 10%, garlic extracts between 5% to 10% (also cold extract) and traditional soap (soap black) from 1.5% to 5.5%. The active ingredient extracted from garlic can be replaced by that of onion (also cold extracted). This mixture finds its preservation capacity by adding vitamin E and food coloring or any other similar additive.

A third variant is the solid form. It is composed of 50 to 75% of the grains or bark of neem, which are well ground or crushed to obtain a neem powder. Then 15 to 35% of the chili, 10 to 25% of garlic, 5 to 10% of the jatropha or tobacco and 1.5 to 5.5% of the black soap are added. An addition of rock salt or any other preservative playing the same role as the latter.

The merits of invention

The biopesticide formulations which have just been described advantageously find application as an insecticide, fungicide and acaricide, in the field of agriculture and breeding, but also in domestic use.

The following examples are provided to illustrate the invention in accordance with the principles of the present invention, but should not be construed as limiting the invention in any way, except as indicated in the appended claims.

Example 1: effects of the biopesticide on fruit flies (Bactrocera invadens and ceratitis capitata) and black aphids: mode of action by inhalation.

This example illustrates the effectiveness of the mixture on samples of flies, aphids, caterpillars, locusts, mites, ticks, lice, beetles, bedbugs, ants, mosquitoes and cockroaches exposed to inhalation of the biopesticide in three separate doses. Unlike the action of simple Neem whose results are observed after 2 to 3 days, here the results have been observed after only 19 hours of time with a total mortality of the insects.

Table 2: Effects of the biopesticide on fruit flies and aphids by inhalation

Sample Dosage (ml) Duration (h) Observations 1 30 21 Power supply inhibition and shutdown 2 35 20 Power supply inhibition and shutdown 3 40 19 Mortality (100%)

Example 2: effects of the biopesticide on fruit flies (Bactrocera invadens and ceratitis capitata), caterpillars, locusts, mites, ticks, lice, beetles, bugs, ants, mosquitoes and cockroaches and black aphids: mode of action by contact

This example illustrates the effectiveness of the mixture on four samples of flies and aphids placed in direct contact with the biopesticide in four separate doses. After a period of 1 hour of time, effects of inhibition and stoppage of feeding are observed for the doses of 25 ml and 30 ml. While mortality is observed for the same duration at dosages of 35ml and 40ml

Table 3: Effects of the biopesticide by direct contact on fruit flies and aphids

Sample Dosage (ml) Observations 1 25 Inhibit (80%) and power off (20%) 2 30 Inhibition (70%) and power off (30%) 3 35 Inhibition (20%), stoppage of feeding (10%), panic (20%) and death of insects (50%) 4 40 Dead insects (100%)

Example 3: Conservation of seeds against weevils

This example illustrates the effectiveness of the mixture on the preservation of seeds against pests, in particular weevils. The tests carried out on seeds soaked with the biopesticide (proportion equivalent to 2% of the total mass of the stock to be treated) show good preservation of the seeds over a period of 12 months.

Table 4: Effects of the biopesticide on seed conservation (cowpea, maize and sorghum)

Types of seeds Mass proportion of biopesticide (%) Duration (months) Observations 6 Repellent effect, healthy seeds 8 Repellent effect, healthy seeds Cowpea / maize / 2% 12 Repellent effect, healthy seeds sorghum 13 Less repellent effect, insect appearance, seeds attacked

In the same type of use, the seeds, the buds, as well as the plants are protected until good emergence or until a good stage of development by mixing them with 5% of the compound.

Due to its composition mainly consisting of Azadirachtin, this biopesticide is quickly degraded by the sun. Azadirachtin which has very low toxicity with an LD 50 greater than 5000 mg / kg for the rat (horticulture research and development center 2005); the LD 50 for a product which contains 3% Azadirachtin for the rat by ingestion is 4500 mg / kg, ie 4 times less toxic than aspirin and 22 times less toxic than caffeine (BUNSEN 1992). However, neem has no side effects on earthworms and on the life of a bee colony (Gabriel watch). Hence the non-toxicity of this product.

Claims (1)

IV. CLAIMS i. Process for the production of a bio-pesticide characterized in that it consists of a mixture of Azadirachtin extract, jatropha extract, preservative, a binding agent, coloring and aromatic plants in particular capsicum, ΓalHum sativum , Vallium cepa. ii. Biopesticide according to Claim 1, characterized in that its oily form is obtained by mixing, regardless of the mixing order of the compounds comprising the following volume percentages: from 50% to 75% of cold-extracted azadirachtin oil ( between 40 ° C to 60 ° C), an oily portion of capsicum from 10 to 25%, Jatropha, garlic extract in clear proportions 5% to 10% each, 1.5 to 5.5% of traditionally made soap (black soap), a colorant and vitamin E or any other similar additive than the latter two. iii. Biopesticide according to Claim 1, characterized in that its aqueous form is obtained by mixing, regardless of the order of mixing of the compounds comprising the following volume percentages: from 50% to 75% of the leaves or seeds of azadirachtin, from 15 35% capsicum as well as Jatropha or tobacco, 10% to 25% garlic, 1.5% to 5.5% traditional soap (black soap), or any other additive of the same order as that here, a coloring and vinegar or any other equivalent preservative. iv. Biopesticide according to Claim 1, characterized in that its powdery form is obtained by mixing, regardless of the order of mixing of the compounds comprising the following mass percentages: from 50% to 75% of the bark or seeds of azadirachtin, from 15 35% capsicum as well as Jatropha or tobacco, 10% to 25% garlic, 1.5% to 5.5% traditional soap (black soap), and rock salt or any other additive of same order as these. v. Biopesticide according to claims n ° 2, n ° 3 and n ° 4, characterized in that tobacco extract (Nicotiana tabacum) and garlic (allium sativum) can be substituted respectively by extracts of jatropha and of onion (allium cepa). vi. Biopesticide according to claims 2 and 3, characterized in that the residues (by-products) of the processes for manufacturing the biopesticide in aqueous form and in oily form, is considered to be a biocide, in particular a nematicide and organic fertilizers. vii. Biopesticide according to one of claims 1 to 6, used both as an insecticide, insect repellent, fungicide, acaricide and nematicide. viii. Biopesticide according to one of claims 1 to 7, used both as a preventive and curative, in the protection and treatment of seeds, plants and animals, in the conservation of grains and in the preservation of homes against insects and fungal agents.