OA18839A - Structural wall with a structure exogenous to the longitudinal axis thereof for enabling the inside of the wall to be filled on site. - Google Patents

Abstract

Structural wall with wooden frame, metal, plastic, polycarbonate or other resistant material that does not have diagonals or stiffening transversal blockings on its longitudinal axis or, by default, its structure is reticulated and / or articulated. This wall obtains the necessary rigidity through a structuring which is external to its longitudinal axis by means of different diagonal elements fixed to thevertical structural elements or pillars and sill plates, in order to allow a pouring or filling inside with materials that give this wall benefits of habitability such as thermal inertia, thermal insulation, acoustic insulation and lire resistance, through the use of very economic landfills such as the same soil of the construction location or simple mixtures such as: mud with straw, expanded polystyrene with mud, light concrete, soil with shavings of wood, soil and volcanic ash, or even the use of industrial waste such as chopped tires or other elements, some difficult to recycle. In short, you can use a wide range of fillers, according to the specific need. This way of structuring allows, by means of the possibility of accessing the inside of the building with a filling, ostensibly and easily, quickly and economically improving the habitability of the walls, being easily prefabricated and industrialized, and with an important variety of applications in homes and various types of buildings.

Description

STRUCTURAL WALL, WHOSE RETICULATED FRAME HAS CONNECTED SPACES IN ITS INTERIOR, AND HAS A STRUCTURE THATIS EXTERNAL TO ITS LONGITUDINAL AXIS, IN ORDER ΤΟ MAKE POSSIBLE ITS INTERNAL FILLING DURING WORK, ON SITE, THROUGH INDUSTRIAL PROCEDURES.

DESCRIPTIVE MEMORY

The present invention relates to a structural wall with cross-linked éléments, external or not to the longitudinal axis ofthe wall, which allows the pouring of its interior fîlling during work. This is applicable to a large number of variants, thicknesses and materials. The use of the present invention allows to industrialize the placement of fillings, on site, to walls that previously could not be filled due to the internai structural éléments.

STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE

The construction Systems of walls and partitions of wood, métal or other material, which hâve pillars or other vertical strucutral éléments, diagonal stiffeners, sill plates and transversale or blockings on the same axis, are widely known. Usually, some filler (expanded polystyrène, glass wool, polyuréthane foam or other materials) is placed between this framework to provide insulation, prior to closing or covering one ofthe faces ofthe wall.

Among the known walls within the industry that hâve some similarity with the wall of this invention presented, there is one called document US 2004237425 (Worrel), Szerdi) of the year 2004, which has great complexity and variety of constructive éléments, whose interior is subsequently filled in to the placement of stiffening diagonale, side meshes. insulation on both sides and horizontal rein forcement bars. The fundamental différences between this invention and the wall of American invention ofthe year 2004, lie in the tact that the wall of this invention does hâve inner pillars or structural vertical éléments, which are essential for transmitting the loads lo the base of the wall and to be ablc to fix its covering. and it can also be built in thicknesses much lower than those mentioncd in the Worrell patent, (at least 40 cenlimetcrs). Furthermore. the wall ofthe présent invention is prefabricaled. which clearly does not occur with the wall of Worrcll's invention.

Another document, CL1416-92. of the abandoned patent application of 1992, discloses a selfsuppoiling panel (not a supporting wall) to be placed on a base, which does not hâve pillars (we are refering toboards that reinforce the panel in the middle) or sliffeing diagonale or blockings, but it does not mention the way it is struclured. and it gives the mission of structuring it to a layer of expanded polystyrène and its coating of metallic mesh, and subséquent stucco. Clearly there are nolorious and important différences between this invention of a selfsupporting panel and the following: A structural wall capable ol receiving loads. It is important to note thaï the différences are not only of materials used or the disposition of them. but there arc also conceptual différences; that is, the basic concept or inventive unit ofthe presented invention is not present in the abandoned patent application.

The Chilean patent CL-49055 (same author of this invention, Bravo Valenzaela Ricardo) of the year 2013, which although has several conunon éléments that are used or applied in conjonction with the present invention to the designed wall, does not incorporate the invention of the reticulated structure and the élimination of the internai diagonal, which eonstitutes the key of the present invention.

The wall CL-49055. is a wooden structure impregnated with expanded polystyrène overlay and cernent piales on its base, which is filled with branches or adobe, and not with bulk fill ing, as is the case ofthe present invention.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The présent invention has a clear concept and obeys a defined single inventive unit, which clearly differenliâtes it from any other previously known wall: A wall with reticulated or external structural éléments, to the longitudinal axis of the wall, wliich allows the pouring of its intcrior filling, on site. This is applicable to a large number of variants and alternatives of walls, so that the wall using this invention has the possibility of being constructed in an infinity of thicknesses. The use of the présent invention allows to industrialize the placement of fillings on site.

DESCRIPTION OF THE TECHNICAL PROHLEM THAT LS RESOLVED

The invention of the wall ofthe présent invention solves the following problems:

1. Solves the problem of lack of mass in the construction: The mass or physical weight is what gives the house its stability or thermal inertia, as well as thermal, acoustic and lire résistance. This implies a significant conversion of emergency or temporary housing to permanent housing.

2. The expanded polystyrène that plays the rôle and / or replaces the on-foundation, isolâtes or séparâtes the terrain from the wall. avoiding thermal bridges and the lise of humidity by capîllarity.

3. The placement of cementplates, 3 to 5 centimeters thick at the base of those pillars, which transmit more load to the ground (in order to distrîbute it and avoid the collapse of the pillars) solves, replaces, and / or prevents the préparation of a foundation.

4. The distribution of structural éléments allows their interior to be filled with materials thaï provide different qualilies: thermal and acoustic insolation, fire résistance, and thermal inertia.

5. It produces a remarkable savings in transportion of materials; the soil used for filling is obtained from the land itself, on site. Due to the nature of its materials. and considering how little invasive il is with the environment, and how friendly it is with the environment, this wall should be classified as ecological, since its main components are renewable materials, such as wood and soil.

6. It gives a quality solution to construction problems derived from nalural disasters, as it enables the recycling of materials from the démolition of damaged homes, and the use of low-cost and easy-to-obtain materials.

7. It solves labor problems.bccause the construction of this wall does not require more specialization, and its leaming is simple and also innate to a large number of cultures that hâve built similar walls since time immémorial.

8. It solves a problem of time, since it is highly induslrializable (it is possible to prefabricale and use efficient and high performance machinery) and its filling material can be carried in bulk or in mixer trucks.

9. It solves a problem of limitation of construction by climatic season, because materials like adobeneed a lot of sun and water, and in periods when water is usually scarce. This System does not hâve this limitation and can be applied in any season.

10. It solves logistical problems, because it uses very few materials and. consequently, very little transportation is required.

11. This constructive solution leaves a very low carbon Ibotprint. This implies a very low energy consumption and minimal contamination.

12. Its low cost, high quality, great insulation. and habilability make it possible to build larger and better quality homes for the same value, compared to traditional construction.

13. The final construction cost is significantly reduced due to the low price ol its construction éléments and the use of economical. cheap lîlling materials.

14. Because it's of mechano type, foldahlc. modular and stackable. it sax es space. facilitâtes storage and saves transportation.

15. Il is refillable on site once ils exterior and interior structural faces are inslalled. which is not possible on traditional walls.

16. Compared to traditional construction Systems of reinlbrced masonry. this wall uses only a liny part of the sand and additives required. and in locations with little rain it may not even include cementitious slucco. This is a very important factor, since sand is currently a very scarce material on the planet and many countries no longer hâve il.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Figure IA, is an élévation view ofthe wall type A, which constitutes the application ofthe present invention to a wooden Framework (Quincha). with individual pillars located on the axis ofthe wall.

Figure 2A is a view showing a vertical section of lhe wall A. Figure 3A is a view showing a horizontal section ofthe wall A.

Figure IB is an élévation view ofthe type B wall, which is the application ofthe present invention to a wooden Framework (Quincha), built with more than one pillar on the same transverse axis (double, triple, etc), cross-linked or arranged so that they allow the free passage ofthe filling inside the wall.

Figure 2B is a view showing a vertical section of the type B wall. Figure 3B is a view showing a horizontal section ofthe type B wall.

Figure IC, is a view showing an élévation ofthe type C wall, which is the application ofthe invention to a typical wall. which is commonly but not exclusivelymade of prefabricated wood, with unique or reliculated pillars; diagonale, transversal blockings and / or reliculated sill plates.

Figure 2C, is a view showing a vertical section ofthe type C wall. Figure 3C. is a view ofthe horizontal section ofthe wall type C.

Figure ID is an élévation view of the type D wall. showing the application of the present invention to a prefabricated structural wall (or panel), common but not unique to a métal structure, with unique or continuous cross-linked pillars that allow the passage ofthe filling through its interior.

Figure 2I). is a view that shows a vertical section ofthe wall type D. Figure 3D. is a view of lhe horizontal section ofthe wall D.

Figure 4D, is a view which shows a close up of ofthe anchor ofthe type D wall. to lhe pavement.

Figure lE, is an élévation view ofthe wall type E. showing the application ofthe present invention to a prefabricated wall (or panel), folding. métal structure or other material that provides sufficient résistance to traction and compression in small thicknesses. such as carbon or PVC fibers. with unique or continuous cross-linked arliculated pillars that allow the passage ofthe filling through its interior.

Figure 2E represents a vertical section view ofthe type F. wall. Figure 3E represents a hon18839 zontal section view of the wall type E.

Figure 4E represents a typical module in different stages of folding.

Figure IF is an élévation view of the type F wall, showing the application of the present invention to a prefabricated wall (or panel), foldable, stackablc, modular, prefabricated and refillable on site; made typically but not only of plastic or a metallic structure, with articulated and cross-linked interior éléments, unique or continuons,which allow the passage of the lilling through its interior, and with latéral paraments that form a structural assembly.

Figure 2F represents a vertical section view of the type F wall. and its details. Figure 3 F represents a horizontal section view of the type F wall, and its detail. Figure 4F represents a typical module in different stages of folding.

NOMENCLATURE OF ELEMENTS OF WALL A

Al.- Foundation.

A2.- Cernent plate to distri bute loads to the land.

A3.- Structural pillar of impregnated wood, métal, PVC or of different measurements.

A3a.-Connector on pillar.

A4,- On-foundation of expanded polystyrène, boulders or concrète to prevent capî llarity.

A5.-Base plate / Top plate, external to the plane of the pillars.

A5a.- Over sill plate.

A6.- Intermediate transversal, external to the plane of the pillars.

A 7.- Locks.

A7a.- Locks, wire lies.

AS.- Stiflening diagonal.

A9.-StifTening diagonal of the formwork.

Al0.- Passage tube for mooring boit.

Ail.- Interior filling of wall, composée! of mud and straw, expanded polystyrène and / or other components according to the need for însulation.

A12.- Wall covering composed of plaster, cementitious plasler. lime mortar, boarding or 5 plating.

Al3.- Final finish ofthe wall.

AM.- Temporary mold

NOMENCLATURE OF ELEMENTS OF WALL B

BL- Foundation.

B2.- Cernent plate to distribute loads or Foundation baseboard.

B3.- Multiple pillars (double, quadruple, etc.) together or separalely, made of wood. métal or Petroleum products. arranged on the same transversal axis of the wall.

B3a.-F ixation supplément for fixing diagonals to pillar.

B4.- Expanded polystyreneon-fbundalion, boulders or concrète to prevent capillarity.

B5.-Base plate / Top plate, external to the plane of the pillars.

B5a.- Over sill plate.

B6.~ Intermediate transversal.

B7.- Locks between lloors and transversals, at the same height of the wall.

B7a.- Wire lies.

B8.- Diagonal stiffeners (or horizontal strips in case of internai diagonal placement in case ol separate pillars).

H9.- Mold separating transversal.

BU).- Tube to pass mooring boh or mold fixing.

B1 L- Interior wall filling according to need.

Bl2.~ Interior or exterior cladding made of cementitious plaster or plaster, plaster, limecrushed, board, plaque.

B13.- Final finishing of wall, paint. paper, etc.

BM.- Temporary mold.

NOMENCLATURE OF ELEMENTS OF WALL C

CL- Plank or foundatîon.

C3.- Structural pillai* of impregnaled wood, métal, PVC or ol other measurements, according to spécifie calculation.

C4.- On-foundation ofexpanded polystyrène or other insulating material.

C5.- Sîll plate, infèrior between pillars and superior on the pillars.

C5a.- Top plate.

C6.- Transversal blocking or middle sill plate, between pillars.

C7.- Locks and / or ties between sill plates and between transversal blockings, at the same height of the wall.

C7b.- Diagonal or horizontal locks, between reticulated pillars.

CIL- Interior wall filling composed of mud and straw, mud with expanded polystyrène and / or other components according to the need for insulation.

C12.- Covering made of boards, wooden plates, métal, or any other according to the calculation.

C13.- Final finish of the wall; paint, paper, etc.

Cl4.- Coating of the base for wet areas of liber cernent or similar water résistant. Optional application in prefabricated wooden walls.

C15.-Stiffening diagonals to the on-foundation, as an alternative applications to the application of prefabricated walls of wood. PVC or other similar ones.

Cl6.- Cladding flxing system.

Cl7.- Polyethylene layer between the structure and exterior cladding to prevent swelling of the wood.

C18.- Pièce of union of wall-to-pavement.

C19.- Anchoring system. from wall to pavement.

NOMENCLATURE OF ELEMENTS OF WALL I)

DL- Foundation, plank or concrète foundation.

1)3.- Single reliculatcd or continuous perforated pillar.

l)3b.- Reinforcements of the pillar, in case of continuous wall.

1)4.- Expanded polystyrène on-foundalion.

DI L- Interior wall filling composed of mud and straw, mud with expanded polystyrène and / or other components according to the need for insulation.

1)12.- Structural sheathing composed of board. wooden plate, métal, or any other material supported by the calculation.

1)13.- Final finish of wall; paint. paper, etc.

1)18.- Rein forcements and / or bends in base and crowning of the wall for anchoring to the pavement or the roof.

1)19.- Pavement anchoring system.

NOMENCLATURE OF ELEMENTS OF WALL E

EL- Plank, foundation.

E3.- Single reliculatcd or continuons perforated pillar.

E3b.- Rein forcement ofthe pillar in case of continuous wall.

E4.- Baseboard of expanded polystyrène, or other material, that provides moisture insulation and ensures good performance in its operation.

Eli.- Internai fill of wall of mud-misting composition, mud with expanded polystyrène and / or other components according to the need for insulation.

E12.- Interior or exterior structural coating composed. principally but not only, of métal, plastic, PVC or polycarbonate, which is optionally covered with paneling, wooden board. liber cernent, wood gypsum or métal mesh with expanded polystyrène.

El3.- Final finish of wall; paint. paper. etc.

E18.- Rein forcements and / or folds in base and crowning ofthe wall for anchoring to pavement or roof.

El¹).- Pavement anchoring system.

E20.- Articulated linking joint between walls.

E21.- Foldable modular block.

E22.- Fixing clip between modules.

NOMENCLATURE OF ELEMENTS OF WALL F

FL- Plank, foundation.

F3.- Single reticulated or continuous pcrforated pillar.

F4.- On-lbundation of cxpanded polystyrène, or other material, thaï provides water insulation and ensures a good performance in its operation.

Flü.- Formwok separators that form, or not, an intégral part of the prefabricated part.

FIL- Internai fill of wall composcd of mud and straw, mud with cxpanded polystyrène and ! or other components according to the need for insulation.

F12.- Exlerior and / or interior plaster composcd of lime plating or other material that provides some impenneability or résistance to rain.

F13.- Final finish of the wall; paint. paper, etc.

FIS.- Reinforcements and / or bends at the base of the wall for anchoring to pavement.

F18b.- Rein forcements and / or bends for réception of roof loads in the coronation of the wall.

F19.- Pavement anchoring system.

F20.- Articulated linking joint between walls.

F21Foldable modular block.

F22.- Support clips between modules.

F23.- Vertical and diagonal reinforcements of the folding block.

F24.- Tensioners for diagonal bracing.

FM.- Temporary mold.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OFTHE INVENTION.

The présent invention is referred to as a structural wall and consists of the replacement of the stiffening éléments typical of a wall (pillars, diagonals and transversal) that are located, 5 traditionally and according to the state of the art. in the longitudinal axis of the wall, and that prevent the pouring or placement of its filling on site, for reticulated stiffener structural éléments that allow the passage of this filling inside the wall to its full length and height, allowing it to he filled on site; and / or by a structure external to the longitudinal axis of the wall thaï transforms its lining into a stiffening structure with the same objective: to allow the filling 10 or pouring of different types of mixtures inside the wall to obtain qualifies of thermal and acoustic insolation, thermal inertia. and résistance to lire. The aforementioned properties can be obtained at a minimum cost through the use of mud with straw; however, the invention enables the use of a multiplicity of fillings such as expanded polystyrène bead concrète, expanded polystyrène bead flooring, volcanic ash, sand, concrète mixes, sawdust, wood sha15 vings, sands, or any other material available that provides the wall with the required characteristics.

The present invention has a unique inventive unit but is applicable to an indeterminate number of walls and variety of materials. Six cases will be detailed,which are:

The wall alternative A, represented by figures ΙΑ, 2A and 3Λ, showing the application of the present invention to a wall of individual pillars. located on the axis of the wall.

The alternative of wall H, represented by ligures IB, 2B and 3B, showing the application of 25 the present invention to a commonly thicker wall, constructed by more than one pillar on the same transversal axis (double, triple, etc), cross-linkcd or arranged so as to allow the free passage of the filling into the wall.

The wall alternative C, represented by figures IC. 2C and 3C. showing the application of the 30 present invention to a typical but not exclusively prefabricated wooden wall, with unique or cross-linkcd pillars; diagonals. transvcrsals and / or reticulated sill plates.

The wall alternative D. represented by figures I D. 21). 31) and 4D. showing the application of the présent invention to a prefabricated wall (or panel), typical but not only of métal slruc18839 ture, with unique or continuons cross-linked pillars that allow the passage of the filling through its interior.

The wall alternative E, représentée! by ligures 1E, 2E, 3E and 4E, showing the application of the présent invention to a folding prefabricated wall (or panel), typical but not only of métal structure, with unique or continuons cross-linked articulaled pillars that allow the passage of the filling through its interior.

The wall alternative F, represented by ligures 1Γ. 2F. 3F, 4F, showing the application of the présent invention to a prefabricated folding. stackable, modulable, prefabricated and refillable wall (or panel) on site; typical but not only of plastic, PVC. Hberglass or metallic structure, with articulaled and cross-linked interior éléments, unique or continuous.which allow the passage of the filling through its interior, and with latéral paraments that form a stipporling structure.

Alternative wall A: represented by figures ΙΑ. 2A and 3A, showing the application of the présent invention to a wall of individual pillars located on the wall axis. It consists of pillars (A3) of impregnated wood. métal, PVC or other material suitable for this use, arranged on the wall axis. The pillars (A3) are based on a foundation or traditional base, (Al ) or directly on top of cernent plantes (A2) with variable diameter and thickness, which distribute the loads to the bottom of the excavation.

The distance between pillars (A3) is determined by the needs of architecture and structural calculation. Horizontally. at the base of the wall and between the pillars (A3), it has a lightweight on-foundation consisting of a block of expanded polystyrène, polyuréthane or similar (A4), which aims to isolate the wall from the land, preventing moisture from rising, and also fulfilling the function of thermally insulating the construction, thus avoiding the thermal bridge. The measures of this block of expanded polystyrène (A4) are given by the width of the wall that will bc built, and its height by the climalic characteristics of the area in which the wall will be built.

Nailed, horizontally and externally to the pillars (A3) at their top. bottom and possibly in their middle part with respect to their height and on both sides of the wall. are the sill plates (A5) and transversal blockings (A6). Diagonal!} to the pillars (A3).sill plates (Λ5) and transversal blockings (Λ6). and on both sides of the wall. stiffening diagonalsare installed(AS). which serve to triangulate and sliffen the structure externally to the axis ofthe pillars ( A3). These diagonals (A8) are nailed or instailed on both sides ofthe wall, to suppléments (A3b) fix the diagonals to the pillars (A3), of equal measures as the sill plaits (A5) and transversal blockings (A6).

In the interior space given by the structure of pillars, (A3) ransversal blockings (A6), sill plates (A5) and the diagonal stiffeners (AS), whose width will dépend on the length of a mold separating element (A9) which will also define the thickness of the coating ofthe stiffeners (A8), the filling (Al 1), whose composition is specified according to the insolation needs. is poured on site, This separating mold (A9) is an element suffi ciently résistant to compression to resist the tightening of bolts joining both sides ofthe mold and passing through the interior of the tubes (A 10) arranged next to the mold separator (A9). A good choice of separator is a pieee of diagonal stiffener (A8). The separator (A9) is nailed or fixed to the pillars (A3), transversal blockings (A6) and sill plates (Λ5) ncar the tubes (A10) of equal length. through which the bolts will be bolled to the mold.

For the coating of the wall. a plaster or lime-crushed slucco can be considered (A 12). on which the final wall finish is made (A 13).

The way to build the wall A is as f’ollows:: In the excavations, of deplh according to the particular calculation (directly in its bottom, on a cernent plate of low thickness to distribute loads (A2). in a support of foundation (Al ) or on a small concrète bed). the pillars are installed (A3) and spaced aparl according to architecture and structural calculation. Il is advisable to first place the end pillars (A3) ofthe wall so thaï they can be used to lie up pièces and place and compress, according to this layout. the rest ofthe pillars. Then. horizontally and externally to the pillars. in their upper part, the top plate (Λ5) and the middle transvera! blockings (A6) are placed; Then. the on-foundation (A4) is placed between pillars (A3), and externally to the pillars (A3) on the level ofthe on-foundation (A4), the base plates are instailed (A5). Between sill plates (Λ5) and transversal blockings, (A6) the suppléments are instailed (A3) on to the pillars (A3b) to fix the diagonals. of equal or similar thickness as the transversale (A6) and sill plates (Λ5). The shaped frame is stilTened by installing, diagonally to the pillars (A3).silI plates (A5) and / or middle transversal blockings (A6), the stiffening diagonals (Λ8). at a distance between the axis oil) to 3(> centimcters. These diagonals (A8) will cover the overlay laterally (A4) and reach the top or crown ofthe wall. Il is important to place the stil18839 fening diagonals (A8) opposite to both ends ol'the wall in order to obtain an adéquate response lo any earlhquake, in both directions.

Depending on the spécifie structural calculation and the height ol'the wall, it will be necessary to place one or more pairs of transversal hlockings (Λ6) to reduce the séparation between the setting of the sliffening diagonals (A8). Mooring (A7b) between diagonals (A8) of both sides of the wall is convenient, when the quality of the attachments of these (A8) to the fixation suppléments (A3b) on the pillars (A3) and to the transversal hlockings (A6) is not guaranteed. or the structural calculation indicates it. Il is also convenient lo place a lock (A7) between the transversal hlockings (A6) or sill plates (A5) on both sides of the wall. which means that the clips of this lock work against eut and against friction, as the clips ol’the transversal hlockings do (A6) on the pillars (A3),when facing loads that tend to unlock the sill plates (A5) ol'the pillar (A3). In addition, this lock reduces the setting distance of the sill plates (A5) lo the pillars (A3). Once the levels and plumb hâve been checked. and also the anchors and joints with other walls hâve been made, the mold is placed, which commonly requires separalors (A9) and moorings (A 10). The spacers (A9) are éléments that are arranged perpendicular lo the longitudinal axis ol'the wall, commonly of the same material and section as the diagonal stiffeners (A8), and are attached to the pillars, (A3) transversal hlockings (A6) or sill plates (A5), to define the final width of the coating of the diagonal stiffeners (A8). and consequently also ol'the filling ol’the wall (Al 1). Convenienlly, next to these spacers (Λ9), moored to them (A9), to the pillars (A3), to lhe transversal hlockings (A6). to the sill plates (A5). or to the diagonal stiffeners, (A8) tubes are installée! (A 10) where the mold retaining element will pass through. on both sides of the wall; an element that is commonly a boit, but which is often made using braided wire, which is removed after setting the wall filling mixture (Ail).

With the mold placed on the wall in a definitive way, the pouring or filling of lhe mixture (Al I ) is carried out inside lhe wall. This filling (Al I ) is a mixture of mud and straw, with or without additives. such as expanded polystyrène beads. wood shavings. sawdust, volcanic ash or the mixture of materials thaï grains the insulation and ! or lhe desired characteristics.

Once the filling mixture (Al i) is placed inside the wall. which requires less vibration energy than the concrète —therefore. the push on the mold is smaller—.lhe l ise of water lo the upper surface of lhe wallis produced. by disinlegralion of lhe heaviest materials of lhe mixture. Water thaï is then dried with sponges or clolhs.

Once sufficient time has elapsed for setting and / or drying of the filling (Ail), which varies according to wall thickness, humidity, and ainbient température conditions, and it's certain that the filling does not exerl pressure on the mold, it can be removed, and after a couple of days of drying, and with the wall still with moisture, a ground plaster (A 12) is applied directly on it. which protects it from moisture and gives it a final finish. The recommended composition of this final plaster. approximately one centimeter thick. is cernent, hydraulic lime, and sand in an approximate volume ratio of 1: 1: 6. It's possible to paint this plaster (A 12) once it’s dry, apply paper. or give any final finish (A 13).

Alternative wall B: represented by figures 113. 2B and 3B. which show the application ofthe present invention to a wall. commonly greater than 30 cm in width, constructed by more than one piilar (double pillars, triples, etc), cross-linked or arranged in such a way as to allow the free passage ofthe filling into the wall. It is formed by reticulated pillars (133); of impregnated wood, métal or plastic dérivatives. The pillars (B3) are based on a foundation or traditional base support (B 1 ) or directly on a cernent plate (B2) that distributes the loads to the bottom of the excavation.

The distance between pillars (B3) is determined by the needs of architecture and structural calculation, and are arranged in the axes ofthe walls that will form the building.

Horizontally, at the base of the wall and between the pillars (B3), it has a traditional onIbundation or bolus overlay, or a lightweight on-lbundalion (B4) constiiuied by a block of expanded polystyrène, or other insulating and moisture résistant material. which has the objective of isolating the wall from the land. preventing the humidity from rising and also fuifilling the function of lhermally insulating the building, thus avoiding the thermal bridge. The measurements of this on-lbundation (134) are given by the width ofthe wall to be built and by the climatic characteristics ofthe area in which the wall will be built.

From the top ofthe pillars. (B3) at the ends ofthe wall to the bottom ofthe neighboring pillars (B3). the diagonal stiffeners (B14) of the pillars are placed on the same axis or plane of the pillars (B3). with its corresponding locks (137) thaï contribulc to the rigidily of the structural sel, leaving enough space for the filling (B1 I ) lo enter the wall when il is poured.

Exiernally lo the pillars (B3) and to the diagonals (B 14), to the top and on both sides of this. horizontally and at an approximate distance of between 0 and 30 centimeters from each other, diagonal stiffeners (B8) are inslalled. These stiffeners (B8), in addition to helping the strucluring ofthe wall, serve to contain the future filling ofthe wall, once it has set.

Instead of placing diagonal stiffeners in the same plomb of the pillars. in case of thin walls, in which the pillars are placed together or at a minimum distance, we proceed in the same way as in the wall A; that is to say, horizontal sill plates (A5) are placed externally to the pillars, above the on-foundation, and top plates are placed at the top ofthe wall, in addition to a pair of transversal blockings (A6) at half the height ofthe wall; also.supplemenl to fix the diagonals to the pillar (B3b) are placed on the pillars on the same section as sill plates (A5) and transversal blockings (A6), in order to nail the diagonal stiffeners (B8) lo the pillars. In the same way, it is necessary to place locks between sill plates and between transversal blockings of both sides of the wall, which helps, in an important way, to avoid the séparation of the locks of both sides of the wall, against seismic solicitations.

The filling, whose composition is specified according to insulation needs, is poured into the interior space given by the structure ofthe pillars (B3), the stiffening diagonals (B14) and the transversal blockings (B8), whose width will dépend on the length of a mold separating element (B9) and will also define the thickness ofthe coating ofthe stiffeners. This mold separator (B9) is an element sufficiently résistant to compression lo withstand the lightening of bolls joining both sides of the mold and passing through the interior of tubes (B10) arranged next to the separator. A good choice for a separator (B9) is a piece stiffener (B8). The scparator is nailed or fixed to the pillars (B3), sill plates (B6) or transversal blockings (B5), near the tubes (B 10) of equal length, through which the bolls that will lie the mold will pass through.

The separator (B9) is nailed or fixed to thepillars (B3), diagonals (B14) and stiffeners (138) near the tubes (B10) of equal length. through which the bolts that will strengthen the mold pass through. but these are not part ofthe wall.

For wall cladding. a ground stucco or a lime grinded stucco may be considered (B 12). on which the final finish ofthe wall (BI3) is made.

The way to build the wall B is as follows: In the excavations, of depth according to the particular calculation, the pillars (B3) are installed directly on ils bottom. on a cernent plate (B2) or on a Foundation support (B i ) together, separated or reticulated, distanced according to the architectural and structural calculation. It is advisable to place the pillars (B3) at the ends ofthe wall first, so that they can be used to lie up walls and place the rest ofthe pillars (B3) according to this layout. Then. from the top ofthe end pillars ofthe wall to the bottom ofthe neighboring pillars, the diagonals (B i 4) ofthe wall are placed on the same axis or plane ofthe pillars (B3). leaving enough space for the Hlling to penetrate between them (Bl4) (Bl I) and into the wall, when it is poured. Once ail the pillars (B3) are placed, levels are removed and the top plates (B5) are placed; Then. horizontally, between pillars (B3). the on-foundation (B4) is constituled by a block of expanded polystyrène, with measurements determined by the insulalion needs and climatic conditions. This expanded polystyrène (B4) overlay can be replaced by rocks, boulders or concrète or other insulating and moislure résistant material. The formed frame is stiffeued and installed horizontally and exlernally to the pillars (B3).and diagonals(Bl4), the stiffeners (B8) are installed diagonally at a distance, between axis, of 0 to 30 centimeters. These diagonals will cover the entire wall , including the on-foundation (B4). It is also possible, as in the case of wall A, to place sill plates (B5), transversal blockings (B6) and diagonal stiffeners, thus replacing the internai diagonals (BI4), so that the only différence with that wall would be that the pillars (B3) in this B wall would be paired or reticulated and the thickness would be greater; this solution présents better résistance to the transverse thrust ofthe inner Hlling (Bl l) in a fresh State on the subséquent mold. since the distance between the stiffeners (5) is notoriously lower.

Mooring (B7) between stiffeners (B8) of both sides ofthe wall is convenient, when the quality ofthe tlxing of these (B8) to the pillars (B3) and to the transversal blockings (B6) is not guaranlced or the structural calculation indicate it. Once the levels and plumbs hâve been checked and also the anchors and joints with other walls hâve been made, the mold is placed. which commonly requires separators (B9) and lies (BIO). The separators (B9) are éléments thaï are arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal axis ol the wall and are commonly ol the same material and section as the stiffeners (B8) and are hxed to the pillars (B3) and / or diagonals (Bl4) to dellne the final width ofthe coating ofthe stiffeners (B8) and consequently also ofthe Hlling (Bl I) ofthe wall. Next to these spacers (B9). tied to them (B9) and ! or to the pillars (B3). to the diagonals (Bl4) or to the stiffeners (B8). tubes are placed. (BIO) through which the fastening element will pass through to lie the mold between both sides ol the wall; an element that is commonly a boit, but is oflen made with braided wire, which is removed after the filling mixture (B 11 ) sets completely.

With the mold placed on the wall in a definitive way, the pouring or filling of the mixture (B11) is carried out inside the wall. This filling <B 11) is a mixture of straw and mud, with or without additives. such as: expanded polystyrène beads, wood shavings, sawdust, volcanic ash or a mixture of materials that grants the insulation and / or the desired characteristics.

Once the filling mixture (Bl1) is placed inside the wall, which requires less vibration energy than the concrète —therefore, the push on the mold is smaller—,the rise of water to the upper surface of the wallis produced, by disintegration of the heaviest materials of the mixture. Water that is then dried with sponges or cloths.

Once enough time has elapsed ibr the setting or the drying of the filling (Bl1), which varies according to wall thickness, humidity and room température conditions, and it can be guaranteed that the filling no longer exerts pressure on the mold, it can be removed. After a couple of days of drying, and with the wall still with moisture, a thin ground cake (B1 ) that protects it from moisture and gives it a final finish is applied direelly on it.

The recommended composition of this final plaster (1312), approximalely one centimeter thick, is cernent, hydraulic lime and sand, in an approximate ratio of 1: I: 6 in volume. This plaster, once dry, can be painted, papered or given any final finish (B 13).

In the described case of the walls A and B, or olhers with the application of the present invention, it is possible to adequately reinforce the mold. to hâve the filling of the suitable shape and composition, known in the induslry as or rammed earth, in compacted form and by layers, which allows in some places of little rain, to save the final coating (A 12 and B12).

Alternative wall C: Represented by figures IC, 2C and 3C. shows the application of the présent invention to a typical but not exclusively prefabricated wooden wall, with unique or cross-linked pillais, transversal blocking and sill plates. It consists of: pillars (C3) of impregnated wood. métal, PVC. polycarbonates and / or other dérivatives that can bc in onc piece or crosslinked by diagonals (C7b) to allow the passage of the filling (Cil) into the wall and also the placement of pipes and ducts by it, without the need for spécial perforations and generating material savings. il also has reticulated transversal blockings (C6) between pillars (C3) at the base and crown of the wall, and. possibly, another one (according to spécifications of the project) at half the height of the same, always allowing the free passage of the filling material into the wall.

The top plates (C5), in the case of préfabrication of this wall, constitute the main element of union oflhe sections or segments of this wall.

The distance between pillars (C3) of a single piece, or reticulated with diagonal locks (C7b), is determined by the structural calculation. Horizontally, at the base of the wall. under the reticulated lower plate (C5) between the pillars (C3) and contained by a pair of stiffeners (Cl 5), at the base of the wall. it has a lightweight on-foundation (C4). constituled by a block of expanded polystyrène, polystyrène Ibam or similar. whose objective is to isolate the wall from the land, preventing humidity from rising and also fullllling the function of lhermally insulating the building, also avoiding thermal bridges. The width measure of this expanded polystyrène block (C4) is given by the thickness oflhe wall filling (Cl l) to be built. and its height by the climatic characteristics oflhe area in which the wall will be built.

A polyethylene film or other imperméable material (Cl7) is fixed on the structure, by means of brackets or glue as a moisture barrier, which will prevent staining oflhe coating; fixed by means of nails, screws or another type of appropriate fixation (Cl6). the coatings (Cl2) are arranged on the outside and inside the wall; these can be plates (that grant a great rigidity to the wall) or wooden boards that are placed diagonally to the pillars (C3) generating. in this way. an excellent triangulation that lends great rigidity. Both coatings rigidify the wall exogenously to the plane oflhe pillars (C3) avoiding the placement of internai diagonals in order to allow the pouring of the filling (Cl l) on site; In addition, these coatings (C12) serve as a mold to contain the filling (Cl l ) emptied on site.

As an external protection measure. a liber cernent or other water résistant material cladding (Cl4) is attached to the baseplate (C5) and to a diagonal sliffencr (Cl.5). éléments thaï enclose and contain the on-foundalion and the pillars. (C3) to ensure adéquate support.

On the inside of the wall, as a proteciionnieasure of ils on-foundation and base, the installation of a dust cover (Cl 8b) is considered. on the element that joins the wall to the pavement (Cl 9).

The way to build the wall C is as follows: It is designed. preferably but not only. to hâve wood paneling or plaques. On a pavement, appropriate work bench in lactory or field. the pillars are installée! (C3). of a single piece or prefabricated latlicework. with their respective lalches (C7b) diagonal or horizontal, spaced apart and of dimensions according to architectural and structural calculation, to the sill plates (C5).transvcrsal blockings (C6), to which the siding will be fixed, inside and externally (Cl2). These sill plates (C5) and reliculated blockings (C6) are localed horizontally on the level of the on-foundation (C4) and in the middle and upper part of the wall and between pillars (C3); In the upper part of the wall this transversal blocking is transformed into a sill plate (C5), since it is not placed between pillars (C3) but on lhem, and is used to join sections or segments of the wall. Then, between the pillars (C3) and under the bottom reliculated plate (C5), the expanded polystyrène on-founcalion (C4) is placed, and then a polyethylene Hlm (Cl7) is placed on both sides of the structure, before the placement of the board or plate (Cl2) to prevent swelling and staining of the coating. Then, by using the chosen clamping element (Cl6). the outer cladding and the inner cladding (Cl2) are fixed to the sill plates (C5). transversal blockings (C6). pillars (C3). and on-foundation diagonal stiffeners (Cl5). Both structural walls serve as mold to contain the pouring of the wall filling (Cil), of materialily or composition according to spécifie needs. This pouring of the filling (Cl l ) is donc on the upper part of the structure, at half height of the wall, which reduce the initial pressure on the walls, as long as the filling doesn’t “set. (Cl I ) granling greater cohésion to the mixture, avoiding the unclamping and deformation of the coating. Il is convenient to prop up or reinforce the wall covering as long as the filling material does not dry (Cl I ) to avoid its deformation due to the pressure exerted in the fresh State, by means of procedures already known in the industry.

Once the filling (Cil) has been poured into the wall. it is convenient. when composed of mud and slraw to eliminate excess water that is deposited or rises due to segrégation, to the top of the wall. with a sponge or cloth.

In the lower part ofthe wall, similarly to the other alternatives of application ofthe present invention, éléments that protecl the base thereof are placed. On the outside, a liber cernent cladding baseboard or other water résistant material is placed (Cl4), and an element that joins the pavement (Cl9) is placed on the inside ofthe wall.

Wall alternative D: represented by figures IL), 2D, 3D and 4D, showing the application of the present invention to a prefabricaled wall (or panel), typical but not only of métal structure. It has a unique or continuous V-shaped pillars (D3) with perforations that allow the passage of the filling (DI I ) through ils interior and has rcinforceinents (D3b) to the entire height of the wall at its junction with the inner and outter lining (D12i) (D12e).which are the same material of the pillars and hâve thicknesses and résistance according to spécifie and particular calculation, with fine strainer-type perforations at the top and bottom ofthe wall to facilitate the exit and / or évaporation of excess water. These éléments, together make up a rigid, supportive and prefabricaled slructure.The reticulated pillar, single or continuous (D3), has perforations that make it cheaper and lower its weight and allow the free passage ofthe filling (DI 1) into the wall. The quantity and size ofthe perforations of this element are determined by the spécifie structural calculation for its thickness and higher loads. In addition to the described components, horizontally, at the base ofthe wall and between the triangular spaces defined by the element (D3), a lighlweighl on-foundation (D4) is conslituted by blocks of expanded polystyrène, polyuréthane or similar, which is intended to isolate the wall from land, preventing moislure from rising through the filling (011) and also fulhlling the function ot lhermally insulating the construction and avoiding thermal bridges. The measurements of this block (D4) are given by the width ofthe wall to be buill and its height by the climalic characteristics ofthe area in which the wall will be buill. The interior and exterior cladding (1)12) at the base ofthe wall and at its crown, hâve a reinforcement (DIS) to withstand the stresses produced by the load ofthe beams on the wall and the place where the wall is fixed to the pavement or base. This wall has a final finish (13) that is applied to the interior panel and the exterior panel (DI2) once the wall filling has been set (DI I ).

The way to build the wall 1) is as follows:it is designed as prefabricaled. and il tipically has a metalic structure and cladding. but not exclusively. and its shape and / or préfabrication methods can differ greatly. however its installation in the field is simple: on a pavement (DI ).on-lbundation or plank. this wall. partition or panel (depending on its measurements and strength). is installed by an anchor (1)19) determined by calculation. This fixation is made in a reinforced bending (DI8) that has the wall at its base, specially designed lo withstand the efforts indicated by the structural calculation at each opportunily, for each thickness. height of wall and loads to which it is exposed.

The pouring of the filling (Dl I) into the wall is done manually, mechanically, or by means of mixer trucks: h is important to consider thaï while the filling mixture (Dl l ) is fresh, the pressure on the wall can deform il. so it is advisable to do this work in two or more stages, depending on the height and type of filling (Dl l). Eventually, it is recommended to execute the placement of temporary shoring and / or shutlering, which is carried oui in a very simple way by means of known solutions within the induslry.

The final wall finish (DI3). for the case of the described alternative, consists of a layer of paint over filling, wall paper, or another. since it does not necessarily require a cementitious stucco.

Alternative of prefabricated wall E: represented by Figures lE, 2E, 3E and 4E. shows the application of the présent invention to a iblding wall. Il is formed by modules of parallel structural walls (E3) of natural or synthetic material suitable for this use,joined together by articulated cross-linked éléments (E22); It has stiffening rein forcements. When deploying these walls. they are separated to the final width of the structure. These articulated crosslinked éléments, in addition to joining and separating both structural faces, collaboraie with the structuring of the wall.

As this wall is of meccano type, foldable, modular and stackable, it savcs space, facilitâtes storage and saves transportation. Il is also refiIlabié on site.

These modules hâve different vertical fixing Systems between contiguous sections, known within the industry. As an on-foundation. it has a block of cxpanded polystyrène, polyuréthane or similar (E4) which aims to isolate the wall oi the land. preventing moisture irom rising and also fulfilling the fonction of thermally insulating the building, thus avoiding the thermal bridge. The measurements of this on-foundation (E4) are given by the width of the wall lo be buili. and its height by the climalic characteristics of lhe area where the wall will be built. Il also has rein forcements in its lower part (E 18) and upper part (EI8b) lo anchor to the pavement prior lo the filling (El l ) of the inside ol lhe wall.

The way to build the wall E, is as follows:On the base or Ibundation (El) the prefabricated module (E2I) is deployed, installing il on its definitive position with arliculaled locks (E20) between the parallel structural faces ofthe wall. It is then piaced at the base ofthe wall. which will hâve the necessary reinforcement (El8) and will hâve incorporated the pavement joining éléments (El9) and lhe insulation on-foundation (E4). Then. lhe wall is piaced in its final position according to the previous layout and its base is fixed to the pavement (El ) by means of anchor bolls, dowels or the system (El9) that is adopted at each opportunity. Once a section of wall is installed, it continues to be joined vertically with the next one by means of clips or another element (E22) which takes lhe structural vertical walls (E2l ).

Once the w'alls to be filled on site are erected. as in the case ofthe A-type wall, a temporary sliding formwork is installed, which has the function of preventing lhe deformation of the walls or vertical faces during the emptying ofthe filling (El l ) inside the wall, and will not be removed until this wall filling (El l) sets and acquires a résistance and cohésion that ensures that il will not defonn or affect the verlicality and straightness of the vertical structural walls (El 2). Once the certainty ofthe cohésion ofthe wall filling (Eli) is total, the temporary mold is removed and the wall is able to receive its final surface finish (El 3). lhe filling (Eli) to be used and to be emptied into the wall, in manual or mechanized form, will be a mixture of soil with lhe additive and / or aggregates thaï are stipulatcd, and that will typically be mud and straw, or thaï which is required according to the desired performance.

Wall alternative F: represented by Figures 1F, 2F. 3F and 4F. showing the application ofthe present invention to a mechano-type wall, foldable stackable, removable and refillable on site. It consists of blocks of latéral structural faces (F2I) of natural or synthetic materials that hâve the conditions of strength and durabilily sufficient and appropriate for this use. These blocks are formed, in addition to their vertical faces (F21 ), by arliculaled éléments (F20) that join them. These walls hâve vertical and / or recessed rein forcements (F23) that allow the subséquent placement of tensioners, which join the top plates (Fl 8a) with the middle sill plates and the base of the floor (Fl) and ! or bottom sill (Fl8); It also has an insulating on-foundation (F4) and tubes (F 10) thaï, in addition to defining the final width ofthe wall. allow lhe passage of lie bolls for a formwork.

This wall is of meccano type, folding and modular and stackable. saves space. facilitâtes storage and saves transportation. Il is also refillable on site.

The >vay to build the wall F, is as follows: This wall is raised, typically, on a traditional foundation or plank (Fl ). Once the walls arc defined and laid on the Foundation, plank or base (Fl), a reinforced connector element that serves as a sill plate is fixed to il, using bolts, screws or another fixing element calculated and designed for each model (FI9 ). The mechano-lype blocks are opened and / or deployed, fixing the articulaied locks (F21) between the parallel parements ofthe wall to their definitive position; then the insolation on-foundation (F4) is placed on the base ofthe wall.

Once a section of wall is installed. it is conlinued joining vertically with the next one by means of clips or another vertical element (F22) thaï takes the adjacent vertical structural walls and, horizontally, at its upper end, by means of a frame that has the éléments arranged to lie and join the vertical reinforcements (F24) that fulfill the function of pillars, and the vertical and diagonal structural reinforcements.

Vertically, this wall is lifted by fitling the prefabricated blocks or joining them by means of clips or other éléments, specially designed for that purpose. Its coronation has the éléments and anchors arranged to lie orjoin the vertical rcinforccments (F24) that fulfill the function of pillars, and ! or vertical and diagonal structural rcinforccments.

Once the walls to be filled are assembled, a provisional shoring or shuttering is applied. which has the function of preventing the deformation of the vertical structural walls during the pouring ofthe filling (Fil) inside the wall. and they will not be removed until the filling (Fl I ) is completely setlled. and acquîtes a résistance and / or cohésion that ensures that it will not deform or affect the verticality ofthe vertical structural walls (Fl 2). Once there is certainly of sufficient cohésion ofthe wall filling (Fl 1 ). the temporary shoring is removed and the wall is able to receive its final surface finish (Fl 3). The filling (Fl l ) to be used and to be poured into the wall manually or mechanically is commonly, but not exclusively. a mixture ol soit with the additive and t or aggregates thaï are stipulated and that. typically, will be mud or whatever is required according to the desired performance. The indicated filling (I II) is made by layers. to avoid deformations and also, depending on the type of filling to be used, to obtain a good cohésion ofthe filling mixture by vibration and ! or compaction of this filling. through the use of techniques that are known within the industry.

Once the filling has reached the top of the wall, advancing through the sliding formwork, and after a sufficient period of time has passed to ensure sufficient cohésion of its filling, the 5 sliding formwork is removed and a crowning element is placed which joins together the interior and exterior structural walls (acting as a sill plate or top transversal blocking),making sure that the inner filling of the wall is, fundamentally but not exclusively, the element and material that receives the loads transmitted from the deck or upper floors. For the final finishing of the wall (Fl 3), consider solutions known within the industry.

Claims (9)

1. LIST OF CLAIMS

   1. Résistant wall, whose slructuring makes possible and solves the problem of pouring of its internai filling righl on site, contributing by using cheap materials available anywhere, such as mud and slraw,with or without other additives, qualifies of great relevance in the housing industry, such as thermal inertia, thermal insulation, acouslic insulation and fire résistance, CHARACTERISED by its internai stiffening structural éléments (pillars, diagonale, transversal blockings, si 11 plates),which are cross-linked and / or hâve an external strucluring to its longitudinal axis; on both sides of lhe wall, on the level of the on-foundalion (4) and also close to the end or top ofthe pillars (3), it has sill plates (5) or pièces arranged horizontally, of a section or measurements according to structural calculation, which are nailcd exlernally to the pillars and, when the height of the wall and lhe structural calculation indicates it, it takes one or more pairs of transversal blockings (6), distributed conveniently to the top of the wall. to decrease the distance between the installation ofthe stiffening diagonals ( 8) that stick to these transversal blockings (6) and sill plates (5); it also has a supplément for fixing diagonals onto the pillars (3a),which is fixed vertically to the pillars (3), ofthe same measurements as the sill plate, (5) and that replaces and occupies the space that remains between the pillar and the diagonal stilïeners (8); on both sides ofthe wall and nailed diagonally to the top and bottom sill plates (5),middle transversal blocking (6), and lhe fixation suppléments (3a) on the pillars (3). it has stiffening diagonals (8), rods or reeds that constitué the necessary and suiïicient stiffening and triangulation of this wall; the filling (11) ofthe wall is poured into it manually, mechanically or by mixing trucks.
2. 2. Structural wall according to claim 1, CHARACTERISED for possessing pillars (3) or single, double or multiple right feet cross-linked on the same transversal axis ofthe wall; it has multi-element or single cross-linked diagonals (8). separated from each other to allow lhe distribution ofthe filling (11) inside the wall; Il also has stiffening diagonals (8) that are fixed to sill plates (5), transversal blockings and fixation suppléments on pillars.which are arranged and fixed externally and diagonally to the pillars, and conslitute the necessary and sufficient stiffening of this wall.
3. 3. Structural wall according to claim number 1, CHARACTERISED to be composed of: cross-linked pillars (3), cross-linked sill plates (5), and cross-linked transversal blockings (6). thaï allow lhe on-sile pouring ofthe interior wall filling material (I 1 ); It has an external stiffening composed of diagonal shealhing (12) or wood or métal plate, an interior filling (11) composée! of mud and straw, with or without additives such as expanded polystyrène pearls or other components according to spécifie need and applied or poured into the ground; an outer base (14) of fiber cernent or other moisture résistant material, of a height somewhat higher than the height of the overlay (4).
4. 4. Structural wall according to claim number I.CHARACTERISEDby having retîculated pillars constituted by unique éléments, or grooved or perlbrated sheets (3), continuons formed by folded plates and with possible reinforcements (18) or individual lattices. which allow the free passage of the filling (11) insidc the wall; because it has a stuffed clay filling without or with additives. depending on the spécifie needs and that is applied or poured in the field manually, mechanically or with machinery; because its inner and / or outer lining. at its base and at its crowning, has small holes that allow the excess water to escape from the interior filling (II); because at ils base and at its upper end it has a reinlbrcement or bending, (18) (l8b) al the anchor point to the pavement and at the support site of the bearer and / or higher loads.
5. 5.Slructural wall according to claims numbers l, 2, 3 and 4, CHARACTERISEDbyan internai structure whichis retîculated and partially external to the longitudinal axis of the wall. allowing the on-site pouring of its interior filling.

   ô.Slructural wall according to claims l and 2,CHARACTERISED because by a lower horizontal slructuring element -sill plate- (5), which is located externally to the plane of the pillars and above the level of affectation of moisture. to prevent ils putréfaction.
6. 7.Slructural wall according to claim I, 2, 3, 4, and 5, CHARACTERIZEDby the tact thatit's prefabricated and its filling poured on site; a condition that is possible thanks to the fact that the slructuring is transferred to the outside of the axis or plane of the longitudinal axis of this wall, delegating in its lining (I2), a structural function or in its defect. its sliffening lies in a retîculated internai structure of pillars (3). transversal blockings (6) and multi-element sliffening diagonals (8), which allow the free passage of the filling (11) into the wall.
7. 8. Structural wall according to claims 4. 5 and 7.CHARACTERISED by being ol the niechano. foldable. modulable and stackable type (21 ).
8. 9.Wall according to claim l and 8.CHARACTERISEDin thaï il is further constituted by iblding modules (21), composed of parailel vertical structural walls. joined with articulated rods or diagonal stiffeners (20), that allow iblding and unfolding. keeping both planes parallel.

   5 10. Wall according to claim I and 8, CHARACTERISED in that it’s composed ol folded sheet éléments (12) which. by themselves. form piilars. diagonals. tensioners and cladding of both vertical structural walls.

   11. Wall according to claim 1 and 8, CHARACTERISED to bc constituted by Iblding modu-
9. 10 les (21) and being composed of stackable. mechano-type. rigid structural sidewalls. joined with articulated rods (20) that allow iblding and unfolding and also define the final wall thickness.