OA18399A - Facility for hydroponic culture. - Google Patents

Abstract

The facility is of the type that has a pair of side bars (1,1) acting as inclined supports for an upper sheet (2) with openings (8) for inserting the plants, a closed lower sheet (4) acting as a collector, and at least one intermediate sheet (3) with openings determining a cascade trajectory for the water with the nutrients. The invention consists in providing a multi-layer upper sheet (2) comprising preferably four layers (2a, 2b, 2e and 2d), which together defïne narrow channels (7) for selective use, such that at the time of insertion, the root of each plant is placed in a channel (7) différent from that used by the adjacent plants. Furthermore, according to the invention, the openings (8) for the insertion of the plants form two marginal and longitudinal lines. In this way, the roots of the adjacent plants can be completely isolated during the first growth phase thereof, preventing interference therebetween and allowing plants with different growth rates and even different types of plants to be arranged on the facility, generating, in turn, continuous production and an improved yield from the facility.

Description

The présent invention refers to a facility for hydroponic cultivation, that is, for growing plants without soil, using inert supports to allow the plant to take root and to provide nutrients by means of a closed circuit of liquid fertiliser, to which the nutrients that must be replaced after being absorbed by the plants are periodîcally added.

The object ofthe invention is to significantly improve the yield ofthe facility thanks to the capacity of planting on said facility plants with different rates of growth, which reach their optimal growth or state of fruit production in staggered phases in time, with the aim of achieving a continuous production.

The invention is therefore in the field of agriculture, more specifically in the production of fruits and vegetables. It can also be used for outdoor cultivation.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

As it is commonly known, hydroponic cultivation consists of an artificial procedure of cultivation without soil, which is carried out on a support structure where a plant with small roots is placed, which is provided with liquid fertiliser with a formulation suitable for the nutritional needs of the spécifie type of plant grown, so that with the appropriate light, which may also be artificial, the suitable concentration and proportion of nutrients dissolved in water provide the optimal growth conditions for the plant, and in conséquence, the yield of the plants is far better than that of traditional Systems.

At the same time, it also has a sériés of other advantages such as higher plantation density, perfect protection ofthe roots and the plant as a whole against the action of pathogen agents, etc.

The applicant is the owner ofthe Spanish Invention Patentwith application number ES 2 125 803, which describes a procedure of hydroponic cultivation and the complementary device for putting it into practice.

More specificaîly, in a facility with this procedure, a sériés of suspended channels is placed on parallel filiform supports, specificaîly these channels comprise an upper sheet with orifices to plant the respective plants, a lower sheet without orifices that acts as collecter, and intermediate sheets that comprise a sériés of upper orifices, but these are offset longitudinally depending on the plants to be cultivated. The aforementioned channels are connected to a pipe feeding them water and nutrients as well as controlling their growth and température, with micro-pipes or similar protruding from the level of the upper sheet of the pipe for each irrigation unit, that is, for each plant, so that they are watered individually. The liquid cascades down through the channels by means of the staggered orifices until it reaches the lower channel, directing in tum the roots ofthe plants along the same path taken by the nutrients.

A facility of this type is suitable for a monoculture of a determined type of plants, that is, for a plurality of plants identical to each other, but it is not idéal for growing plants with different growth rates or of different species, since their roots quickly become in contact with each other, which results in interactions that harm some of them in relation to others.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The facility proposed by the invention completely and satisfactorily addresses this problem, making it possible to simultaneously grow plants with different growth rates or of different species, without causing négative interactions between them. As explained above, this makes it possible to substantially increase the yield ofthefacility, in addition to achieving continuous production or cultivation.

More specificaîly, in order to do so the facility described retains basically ail the characteristics ofthe Patent cited above, in regard to the existence in said patent of a pair of threads, latéral bars or a rigid channel, which déterminé the means for supporting several sheets constituting respective overlapping channels of an indefinite length, forming dihedrals of different angles, which due to their angles configure overlapping channels with a common mouth, wherein the upper sheet comprises orifices that correspond with the place where the plants are placed, the lower sheet is closed, while the intermediate sheet or sheets are provided with orifices also matching the distance between the plants and that are offset with those of the upper sheet in order to achieve a cascade effect, based on a certain longitudinal inclination given to the entire facility, more specifically to the threads, bars or the rigid channel supporting the sheets.

Obviously this cascade” effect refers to the trajectory ofthe liquid fertiliser supplied by a pipe running along the length ofthefacility, which is collected by the lower sheet or channel after coating the roots in order to be recycled.

Therefore, from this basic configuration and according to the invention, the upper sheet adopts a multi-layer structure, for example, structured in four layers separated at a noticeable distance, although separated at a much smaller distance than the different sheets of the facility, with the upper layer of this sheet comprising orifices separated at convenient distances according to the expected séparation between plants, while the rest of the layers of this upper sheet comprise die cuts or fold lines that face the aforementioned orifices and that can be easily torn off, so that when the plant is placed in the facility using the plant itself as a perforating element, one or more of the aforementioned die cuts, or none, may be torn off in order to place the roots of the plant at the level selected for each plant, physically isolating them from the rest of the plants.

According to another characteristic of the invention, the design of the aforementioned orifices of the upper sheet and the complementary die cuts form two marginal lines in the context of the sheet, which makes the most of the space of available.

A water inlet with multiple outlets is placed alongside every orifice and complementary die cuts of the upper sheet, one outlet for each layer, opening at each point the relevant outlet for the space provided for the corresponding plant to take root in.

In each segment of the upper sheet corresponding a plant, where said plantis placed in the highest level according to the inclination ofthefacility, there is an orifice in the opposite end ofthe segment, that is, the lowest level, that only affects the lower layers, that is, it does not effect the upper layer, and water falls through this orifice to the second sheet, cascading down until it reaches the lower sheet, and this orifice is also used by the corresponding plant when the roots thereof reach a predetermined length in order to allow the roots thereof to reach down to the lower sheets, in the same way as in the Patent cited above.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

To complété the invention described and in order to give a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred embodiment thereof, this description is accompanied by a set of drawings in which the figures described below hâve been represented, for purely illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting:

Figure 1 shows a partial perspective view of a facility for hydroponic cultivation designed according to the object of the présent invention.

Figure 2 shows a crosswise section of the assembly represented in figure

1.

Figure 3 shows a représentation similar to the one shown in figure 1 but featuring the three options for planting the roots of the plant in the different respective levels at the heart of the multi-layer sheet at the moment of planting them.

Figure 4, finally, shows a longitudinal scheme of a segment of the facility.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

In light ofthe drawings described above, and more specifically offigures 1 and 2, we can see that the facility proposed in the invention is constituted by a pair of parallel and longitudinal threads or bars (1, T), which constitute the physical support of the multiple channels that comprise a multi-layered upper sheet (2), at least one intermediate sheet (3), and a lower sheet (4), made of different widths in order to create respective channels (5) configured noticeably in the shape of dihedrals, secured to the bars (1, T) by means of marginal folds (6) represented in a scheme of the drawings.

The upper sheet (2) is multi-layered, so that it is comprised of four layers (2a, 2b, 2c and 2d), with these layers also being made of different widths so that significantly smaller channels (7) are defined between them, specifically smaller in height in comparison to the channels (5) defined between the different sheets (2, 3,4).

The upper layer (2a) ofthe upper sheet (2) comprises two marginal lines of orifices (8) conveniently separated according to the planned séparation between plants (9), and the die cuts (8’) are located under these orifices (8) and they affect the other three layers (2b, 2c and 2d) of the sheet (2), with said die cuts being initially closed and they are easily tom off when the plants are planted so that the roots of each ofthe plants can be placed on any ofthe three levels (7) defined by the aforementioned layers (2b, 2c and 2d), as shown in figure 4, depending on the choice of the farmer, and on a different level than the adjacent plants. The roots of the plant themselves act as a puncher to tear off the die eut or die cuts needed in order to gain access to the planned level.

A multiple water inlet (11) is placed alongside every orifice (8), which is individualised for each plant, with three independent outlets (12), each of them facing each of the spaces or channels (7) defined by the different layers of the sheet (2).

The roots are then placed on the same level of the multi-layered sheet (2) as the water carrying nutrients, and they are completely independent from the roots of the rest of the plants during the initial stage of growth, which is long enough so that no interférence takes place between plants, so each plant, following the direction ofthe inclination (13), finally reaches an orifice (14), which simultaneously affects the three lower layers (2b, 2c and 2d) of the sheet (2), from where the water carrying nutrients and the roots descend to the intermediate sheet (3), and from said sheet, with the possibility of there being another layer of intermediate sheets (3’), they descend to the closed lower sheet (4) that acts a collector, ail of which takes place through the orifices (15) of said sheets (3, 3’), which détermine the circulation of the water with nutrients cascading down, and an identical trajectory for the roots.

Claims (4)

1. - Facility for hydroponic cultivation, ofthe type of facility structured by means of a pair of parallel longitudinal threads, bars or a rigid channel, with a certain inclination, which comprise the physical support for an upper sheet with orifices for planting the respective plants, a closed lower sheet, and one or more intermediate sheets forming a sériés of dihedral channels connected cascading clown by means of orifices established for said effect, characterised in that the upper sheet (2) is a multi-layered sheet comprising a plurality of layers (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) sightly separated between them, so that they define independent channels (7) of a small height used selectively to plant the roots of plants, for which purpose, facing the orifices (8) for planting the plants on the upper layer (2a), the remainîng layers (2b, 2c, 2d) comprise die cuts (8’) or fragile fold lines that can be torn off by using the roots of the plant itself as a perforating element, so that said roots reach the channel (7) chosen by the user, which is different than that of the adjacent plants.

2. - Facility for hydroponic cultivation, according to claim 1, characterised in that the orifices (8) for planting the plants (9) and the complementary die cuts (8’) thereof form two longitudinal, marginal lines on the upper sheet (2).

3. - Facility for hydroponic cultivation, according to any of the previous claims, characterised in that a multiple water inlet (11) is placed over the upper sheet and in correspondence with each plant, which comprises water outlets for selectively watering each ofthe channels (7) constituted by the layers (2b, 2c and 2d) ofthe upper sheet (2).

4. - Facility for hydroponic cultivation, according to any of the previous claims, characterised in that an orifice (14) is placed at the end of the channels (7) corresponding to each plant (9) and at the lowest point of said channels in the

41 · • «4 direction (13) ofthe inclination, with said orifices affecting the three upper layers (2b, 2c and 2d) and connecting the aforementioned channels (7) of the upper sheet (2) with the channels (5) defined by the intermediate sheets (3, 3’) and the closed lower sheet (4), in order to allow the water carrying nutrients to cascade 5 down parallel to the trajectory of the roots of the plants.