OA17401A - Bloc de protection pour disjoncteur de protection d'un départ basse tension, notamment alimenté par un transformateur sur poteau. - Google Patents

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un bloc de protection fonctionnel pour remplacer le bloc de déclenchement d'un disjoncteur de protection générale d'alimentation basse tension. Celui-ci est par exemple un disjoncteur de type H61 (HN 63 S 61) monté sur poteau, et raccordé à un réseau électrique moyenne tension pour alimenter un départ de distribution en basse tension en triphasé avec neutre. Selon l'invention, ce bloc de protection fonctionnel présente des connecteurs agencés de façon à présenter une géométrie autorisant une mise en place et une connexion dudit bloc de protection fonctionnel à l'intérieur du disjoncteur, en lieu et place dudit bloc de déclenchement séparable (par exemple de type EDF HN 63-S-ll). Selon l'invention, dans ce bloc de protection fonctionnel : - chaque circuit de phase comprend un dispositif de coupure sans pièce mobile par détection de surintensité, tel que des fusibles "HPC", - chaque circuit de phase comprend un dispositif de mesure des caractéristiques de l'énergie électrique circulant au sein des circuits de phase ou de l'état desdits dispositifs de coupure, et - ledit bloc de protection fonctionnel comprend en outre des moyens de communication agencés pour envoyer des données issues dudit dispositif de mesure vers un dispositif de gestion ou de traitement de mesures. Optionnellement, le bloc de protection fonctionnel peut contenir des moyens de communication pour recevoir des données issues de l'environnement, par exemple de détecteurs de défaut ou parafoudres. L'invention concerne en outre une unité de protection et un poste de transformation incluant un tel bloc fonctionnel de protection, ainsi qu'un procédé de conversion d'un disjoncteur par remplacement du bloc déclencheur par un tel bloc fonctionnel de protection.

Description

"Protection block for circuit breaker protecting a low voltage feeder, in particular supplied by a pole-mounted transformer"

The present invention relates to a functional protection unit for replacing the trip unit of a general low voltage power supply circuit breaker. This is, for example, an H61 type circuit breaker (EDF HN 63 S 61 technical specification) mounted on a pole, and connected to a medium voltage electrical network to supply a three-phase low voltage distribution feeder with neutral. According to the invention, this functional protection block has connectors arranged so as to have a geometry allowing placement and connection of said functional protection block inside the circuit breaker, instead of said separable trip unit ( for example of EDF HN 63-S-II type).

According to the invention, in this functional protection unit:

each phase circuit comprises a switching device without moving parts by detection of overcurrent, such as HPC fuses, each phase circuit comprises a device for measuring the characteristics of the electrical energy flowing within the phase circuits or the state of said breaking devices, and said functional protection unit further comprises communication means arranged to send data from said measuring device to a device for managing or processing measurements.

Optionally, the functional protection unit can contain communication means for receiving data from the environment, for example from fault detectors or lightning arresters.

State of the art

In public electricity distribution networks, final distribution to the user is via a low-voltage distribution circuit, for example 400V three-phase or 230V single-phase in many countries. This distribution circuit, often underground, is supplied by a medium voltage distribution network (typically 12 to 30 kV) via a transformer. In the case of an overhead distribution network, this transformer is often fixed at the top of the pole supporting the

- 2 overhead lines. A typical example is the H61 type transformer, the model of which dates from the 1960s, which still equips many distribution outlets in French-speaking countries.

This transformer feeds a distribution circuit through a low voltage circuit breaker, often attached to the same utility pole. This circuit breaker, such as the H61 circuit breaker from the same period, for example, often comprises a four-pole switchgear (or chamber) mechanically controlled by a trip unit. This trip unit is mounted in series on the three phases within the circuit breaker. It includes electronics which detects any overcurrent in one of the phases, and controls a solenoid which mechanically actuates the tetrapolar switchgear to interrupt the circuit.

These low voltage circuit breakers often exhibit, and increasingly over time, insufficient reliability which poses many problems for distribution operators and their customers or users. This decrease in operational reliability can arise, for example, from aging problems outdoors, such as the presence of electronic components highly exposed to the weather. However, these circuit breakers are not intended for, and are not intended to, test and indicate the malfunction of the electronics since the latter is precisely intended to operate only in the event of a fault.

In addition, the circuit breaker interrupting chamber is not interchangeable, it is dimensioned for a limited number of operations and the invention makes it possible to increase the life of the protection system.

An object of the invention is to overcome this degradation of reliability, and even to provide these circuit breakers with better reliability than the original one. The invention also seeks to facilitate the monitoring and management of these circuits. These goals are sought by limiting the costs and complexity of the work to be undertaken as well as effectively intervening in the event of a failure.

- 3 Disclosure of the invention

The invention proposes an electrical protection device, typically low voltage, and for example 400V three-phase, here called a functional protection block. This device comprises at least three independent electrical circuits, called phase circuits, capable of transporting the electrical energy of three phases within a three-phase distribution device, typically with neutral, and each connecting an input connector with a connector. Release.

For each of these phase circuits, these connectors are arranged so as to have a geometry allowing installation and connection of said functional protection unit within a circuit breaker with a separable trip unit mechanically actuating a four-pole switchgear ( typically a circuit breaker H61), instead of said separable tripping unit.

Such a circuit breaker is of a connected type or intended to be connected, to form a general protection circuit breaker:

- upstream to a transformer, typically an H61 model, connected to a medium voltage electrical network, and

- downstream to a three-phase low voltage distribution feeder, with or without neutral.

According to the invention, this geometry of the connectors of the functional unit is determined to correspond to that of the connectors of the circuit breaker on which the trip unit to be replaced was fixed, typically according to the EDF HN 63-S-ll specification.

Preferably, the input connector and the output connector of each of said phase circuits are physically connected to each other, that is to say they are integral with each other to form the same object of a given geometry and which can be handled in one piece.

Preferably, this arrangement of the connectors provides this geometry in a stable manner, that is to say without mechanical adjustment or adaptation to be carried out in the field, apart from possible set-up or tightening games that are conventional in this field.

This arrangement thus allows a mechanical and electrical connection:

- each of said protection unit input connectors with an output connector connected to said four-pole breaking device, and

- each of said protection block output connectors with a connector of said protection unit connected to a phase of a low voltage feeder supplied by said protection unit.

According to the invention, this functional protection unit is further characterized in that:

each of said phase circuits comprises a device for cutting off said circuit by detecting overcurrent in which the cutting is carried out without actuating a moving part, typically a high breaking capacity fuse called HPC, one or more of said phase circuits comprises a device for measurement of the characteristics of the electrical energy flowing within said one or more phase circuits or of the state of said cut-off devices, and said measuring device further comprises an electrical connection capable of being connected to a management device and / or measurement processing.

By this connection, typically a simple wired connection, this measurement management and / or processing device is thus capable of carrying out measurements within the functional protection unit itself. These measurements can then be used on site or sent remotely by means of communication, for example to a remote server. Preferably, these communication means are deported outside the protection unit, to which they are connected only by a wire link connected to a terminal block allowing connection.

The invention thus makes it possible to remove from the electrical protection chain the critical functional systems constituted by the trip unit of these circuit breakers. It replaces them with high breaking capacity fuses that are much more reliable, without any mechanical element, and without any difficulty in operating under extreme temperatures, even in the presence of dust or other form of pollution.

However, the real life of the initial circuit breaker is generally limited by that of the trip unit, its most fragile element and whose

- 5 mobile mechanism had a lifetime necessarily limited in number of operations. By replacing this old element with a limited lifespan with a new unit and using fuses with an almost unlimited lifespan, the lifespan of the entire protection unit concerned is greatly extended.

The invention thus provides reliable low-voltage protection at a lower cost, in particular for pole-mounted transformers. It guarantees an efficient electrical protection function while retaining the disconnection power. The originally installed low-voltage public distribution circuit breaker is thus converted into a switch-disconnector, which is thus associated with fuse protection. This conversion is carried out with very few operations, and most often without even modifying the circuit breaker box or its fixing on the pole.

The invention thus makes it possible to integrate many types of measurement and / or management of the transformer station and of its protection, in particular a measurement of the electrical energy flowing at the level of the transformer station on a pole. The measurement is carried out in particular by including current measuring transformers in the protection and measurement functional block exposed here. These instrument transformers make it possible in particular to follow and monitor the state of charge of the transformer by permanent measurements of currents and voltages.

According to other features of the invention which can be combined with one another:

The three phase circuits, and possibly four with a neutral circuit, are physically integral with each other, thus allowing a common placement of the functional block within the protection unit.

One or more of the phase circuits, and preferably all, comprise an electrical connector, for example a pair of resilient clamping jaws for T2 fuses, removably receiving a static cut-off device interrupting said phase circuit, typically a ΝΗ00 fuse or NH2, despite the bulk of this type of fuse, for example blade fuses standardized according to IEC269 and

EDF HN53-S-20.

- 6 The measuring device comprises a current transformer integrated in each of the switching devices, or current transformers integrated in the part of the phase circuit which is fixed to the insulating support, or even a combination of the two.

According to another aspect, the invention also proposes a protection unit, typically obtained from a general protection circuit breaker such as an H61 type, connected or intended to be connected:

- upstream by four input terminals to a transformer, typically an H61 transformer, itself connected to a medium voltage electrical network, and

- downstream by four output terminals to a three-phase low voltage distribution feeder, with or without distributed neutral.

This protection unit is of a type comprising a four-pole cut-off device provided with a mechanical control member and comprising a connection location provided for or compatible with a trip unit arranged to operate said mechanical member under the effect of a overcurrent passing through said trip unit, said four-pole switching device and said connection location being connected in series within at least three of four electrical circuits connecting the input terminals to the output terminals.

According to the invention, this protection unit is characterized in that it comprises a functional protection unit such as disclosed here, mounted and connected in place of said trip unit.

Thus, the invention further provides a method for modifying, or converting, a general protection circuit breaker, of the type connected upstream by four input terminals to a transformer, for example H61, connected to a medium voltage electrical network. and connected downstream by four output terminals to a three-phase low voltage distribution feeder with neutral. This circuit breaker comprises a four-pole switching device provided with a mechanical control member and comprising, for a trip unit arranged to operate said mechanical member under the effect of an overcurrent, said trip unit, or a connection location for such a trip unit . This switching device

- 7 four-pole and this connection location being connected in series within at least three among four electrical circuits connecting the input terminals to the output terminals.

According to this aspect of the invention, this conversion method then comprises a fastening with electrical connection of a functional protection unit as explained here, replacing said trip unit.

According to yet another aspect, the invention also proposes a device for managing, processing and exploiting measurements, comprising a box including electronic means arranged:

on the one hand to communicate with the measuring means of a functional protection unit according to the invention to receive analog and / or digital measurement data from said functional protection unit and optionally from the transformer, and on the other hand to communicating by digital telecommunications means, for example power lines or wifi or cell phone, with a remote computer processing server, to send it said measurement data or data calculated from said measurements.

Optionally, these electronic means are also arranged to communicate with the sensors and other equipment of the surrounding network.

The invention thus proposes a voltage transformer station connected or intended to be connected upstream to a medium voltage electrical network and downstream to a low voltage electrical distribution network. According to the invention, this transformer station comprises on the one hand a protection functional block or a protection unit as explained here, and on the other hand a communication box as described here which communicates with said functional block. protection and with a remote computer server to send it measurement data representing the state of said transformer station or the electrical quantities of the electrical energy passing through it.

- 8 The circuit breakers, when they are fixed on a pole, are placed either halfway up or at the top of the pole. Preferably but not necessarily, the measurement processing and exploitation unit will be provided outside the casing of the existing circuit breaker and installed lower on the support, for example at human height.

In an advantageous embodiment, the measurement processing unit is thus associated or even integrated with a pole-mounted distribution station. The invention therefore proposes to connect it to other information beams, such as parameters on the functional state of the pole-mounted transformer or of the surge arresters, as well as those linked to fault detection devices which would be placed nearby. on the line supplying the pole-mounted distribution station.

According to the invention, this processing unit thus comprises numerous inputs so as to be able to record and time-stamp various types of events, and for example LV fuse failure, general cut, MV fault detection, and / or lightning protection tripping, temperature sensor. .

Another aspect of the invention is thus a method of managing a transformer station comprising a transformer connected to a medium voltage electrical network and which supplies a low voltage distribution network via a protection unit according to invention, characterized in that it comprises:

- a data recording by a functional block according to the invention or within said protection unit,

- management and / or processing of said data by a measurement management device according to the invention, and

- remote transmission of said data, or of data resulting therefrom, to a remote computer server.

Various embodiments of the invention are provided, integrating, according to all of their possible combinations, the various optional characteristics set out here.

Ar

- 9 List of figures

Other features and advantages of the invention will emerge from the detailed description of an embodiment which is in no way limiting, and from the appended drawings in which:

FIGURE 1 is an electrical diagram illustrating a circuit breaker box according to the prior art with a series trip unit operating a four-pole breaking device;

FIGURE 2 is an electrical diagram illustrating according to the invention a protection unit obtained by transforming the circuit breaker of FIGURE 1 with a functional protection unit fused at the output of a medium voltage transformer, both communicating with a processing unit data and communications;

FIGURE 3 is a simplified view of an electric pole of a medium voltage network, arranged according to the invention and carrying a transformer H61, its protection unit based on circuit breaker H61 and a processing and communication box, connected according to FIGURE 2;

FIGURE 4 is a perspective view illustrating according to the invention a functional protection unit without its fuses;

FIGURE 5 is a perspective view illustrating according to the invention a functional protection unit with fuses and shuntable connection terminal block;

FIGURE 6 is a perspective view of the protection unit of FIGURE 3, with cover removed and showing the functional protection unit of FIGURE 5;

- FIGURE 7 is a simplified perspective view of the protection unit of FIGURE 3 with the cover removed, in a variant with external operating lever and functional protection unit with current transformers integrated into the fuses.

Description of an exemplary embodiment

In FIGURE 1 is illustrated a general cut-off circuit breaker 13, such as currently exists for example on a pole. This circuit breaker is of a type with a removable series trip unit, operating a

- 10 tetrapolar switchgear 14 by an actuator 159 operating an operating arm 149 of this switchgear.

This circuit breaker, for example of an H61 type, is connected:

- upstream via four input terminals 131a to 131d to a transformer 12 connected to a medium voltage electrical network 11, and

- downstream by four output terminals 139a to 139d to a three-phase low-voltage distribution feeder 19 with neutral.

In FIGURE 2 and FIGURE 3 is illustrated a transformer station 20 comprising a protection unit 23 according to the invention, obtained by converting the circuit breaker 13 of FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 3 illustrates an example of such a transformer station 20 in a version on an electric pole 10 of a medium voltage network 11, arranged according to the invention and carrying a transformer H61, its protection unit 23 based on H61 circuit breaker and a processing and communication box 27, connected according to FIGURE 2.

This protection unit 23 is obtained by installing a functional protection unit 25 at the output of the same transformer, as is 12 or modified 21 by adding measuring or detection means.

The measuring device 269a to 269c of the protection functional unit 25, and optionally the modified transformer 21, communicate with a box 27 for data processing and communication.

The new protection and measurement functional block 25 replaces the trip unit 14 of the low voltage circuit breaker 13, so as to transform the existing pole-mounted transformer station into a transformer station 20 with simple and reliable LV protection, combined with a measuring and monitoring system 27 and 29 which is precise and easy to set up.

This functional protection block thus comprises, for each of said phase circuits:

a static breaking device here produced by a high breaking capacity fuse called HPC 26a to 26c, a device for measuring the characteristics of the electrical energy circulating within the corresponding phase circuit, here a transformer

- 11 of current in the form of one or more toroids surrounding the phase circuit.

These measurement devices 269a to 269c are connected to the measurement processing unit 27 by a terminal block 257 and a wire link 259.

The measurement processing box 27 is preferably housed inside an independent envelope. It is connected to the measurement and protection unit 25 located inside the casing 130 of the protection unit 23 by one or more bundles 259 of conductors, which lead to the processing unit 27 from the protection unit. 23 voltage and current measurement information as well as, preferably, the electrical energy necessary for its measurement operation.

The measurement processing unit or box 27 comprises, for example, the following elements:

- an enclosure with a minimum degree of protection IP44 and IK10, with a cover or a padlockable door that can be locked, for example by means of a triangle key or a lock,

- sealed cable entries by cable glands,

- a measuring device made up of at least the following elements:

o a three-phase 271 measurement processing unit, o a radio or GSM 271 communication module, o a power supply and protection unit for the measurement processing unit and auxiliary modules such as the 271 communication module, o terminal blocks or connection sockets for the various information inputs, optionally, man-machine interface and / or display means 272 or output connection sockets for other means of communication, for example for an alarm. local information or visualization.

According to different configurations provided, which can be combined with each other, the communication module 271 is of a type operating by radio transmission, or of cellular telephony type such as GSM to communicate alarm messages, for example of the SMS type, by

- 12 example to an on-call agent or to integrate into a more global supervision and telecontrol system 29.

This measurement processing unit 27 comprises electronic means 271 arranged to perform various functions and to communicate the result thereof to the processing server 29, for example that of a network supervision office. These functions include for example the calculation of data and / or the archiving and / or the transmission of alarms based on the detection of data or events which include for example the following:

- monitoring of the state of the protection functional unit 25 or of one or more of its breaking devices 26a to 26c or of one or more of its measuring devices 269a to 269c, for example detection of a transformer fault current,

- detection of tripping of a breaking device 26a to 26c within the protection functional unit 25, for example blowing of a fuse 26a, 26b or 26c,

- detection of a distribution cut-off without tripping of a cut-off device of the operation protection functional unit of the four-pole cut-off device,

- monitoring of the state of the surge arresters, for example of disconnection or the state of the end of life indicator of the surge arresters,

- calculation of the aging of surge arresters,

- calculation of active and / or reactive electrical power passing through the protection functional block 25,

- monitoring of the condition of transformer 21 (for example overload, load unbalance),

- calculation of transformer aging,

- reception of consumption data sent by one or more computerized or intelligent consumption meters, for example of the Linky type, supplied by the distribution feeder (19) and / or comparison with electrical power data passing through the protection functional block 25 ,

- comparison calculation of a measured or calculated data with a determined threshold value, and emission of an alarm according to said calculation,

- storage of a plurality of such events detected or calculated, and calculation and emission of an alarm as a function of said events,

- concerning the transformer LV voltage:

o detection of threshold overruns, o detection of long voltage interruptions;

- medium voltage fault signaling 11,

- significant and prolonged overload or load imbalance on transformer 21,

- alarm temperature threshold or transformer oil pressure 21.

Preferably, this measurement processing unit 27 also comprises a display system 272 on the measurement unit 271 which allows direct reading on site of the main information required for operation by a field agent, such as for example during 'a return to service.

The protection and measurement functional block 25 is illustrated in FIGURE 4 without its cut-off devices; and in FIGURE 5 in an embodiment with fuses 26a to 26c as disconnecting devices without moving parts and a shuntable terminal block 257 260.

The protection and measurement functional block 25 is interchangeable with the trip unit in place and comprises an insulating support assembly 251 supporting a connection interface with the circuit of the initial circuit breaker 13. This interface comprises six points formed by six connection lugs dimensioned for guarantee interchangeability with the trip units 14 installed in an H61 circuit breaker. These connection lugs are made of a sufficiently rigid conductive material to ensure both the electrical connection and the mechanical fixing, for example with an opening opening laterally.

This connection interface includes:

- upstream three upstream connection connections 254a to 254c, and

- 14 - downstream three downstream connection connections 259a to 259c.

These upstream and downstream connections are arranged and dimensioned so as to be able to put this new protection and measurement unit in place of the existing trip unit without having to have any particular and complex intervention to be carried out on the circuit breaker.

In series within each of these phase circuits, an electrical interface is formed by resilient clamping contact devices to receive a fuse cartridge with blades 26. This interface is here formed by two pairs 256 and 259 of elastic clamping jaws. to receive a T2 blade contact fuse cartridge.

In this embodiment, three current measuring transformers are housed in the insulating support 251 and are each traversed by the energy circuit of one of the phase circuits.

One or more terminal blocks 257 connect this measuring circuit in voltage and current to the measuring unit 27, here outside the casing of the circuit breaker 130 of the protection unit 23 thus constituted.

Preferably, this terminal block 257 includes a location for connecting a shunt 260 for short-circuiting the secondaries of the current measuring transformers, which thus makes it possible to protect the current transformers during installation prior to commissioning. .

FIGURE 6 illustrates the protection unit 23 thus obtained, in the embodiment with simple fuses and measuring circuit and current transformers integrated in the functional block, and more particularly on or in its insulating support 251.

FIGURE 7 illustrates, only in its differences, another embodiment in which the functional protection block carries fuses integrating the current transformers 269a to 269c.

Of course, the invention is not limited to the examples which have just been described and numerous arrangements can be made in these examples without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (12)

- 15 CLAIMS 1. Device (25) for electrical protection, said functional protection unit, comprising at least three independent electrical circuits, said phase circuits, each connecting an input connector with an output connector, characterized in that the connector of input (254a to 254c) and the output connector (respectively 259a to 259c) of each of said phase circuits are arranged so as to have a geometry allowing installation and connection of said functional protection block (25) within 'a protection unit consisting of a circuit breaker (13) with a separable trip unit (15) mechanically actuating a four-pole breaking device (14), instead of said separable trip unit (15), said protection unit ( 13) being of a type connected or intended to be connected upstream to a transformer (12) connected to a medium voltage electrical network (11) and downstream to a low voltage distribution feeder (19) in three-phase, with or without distributed neutral, said installation and connection of the protection functional unit (25) being done by mechanical and electrical connection: - each of said input connectors (254a to 254c) of said protection block (25) with a connector connected to said tetrapolar switching device (14), and - each of said output connectors (259a to 259c) of said protection block (25) with a connector (respectively 139a to 139c or 131a to 131c) of said protection unit (13) connected to a phase of said transformer (12) or of said low voltage feeder (19), said functional protection unit 25 being further characterized in that: each of said phase circuits comprises a cut-off device (26a to 26c) of said circuit by detecting overcurrent in which the cut-off is carried out without actuation of a moving part, one or more of said phase circuits comprises a measuring device (269a to 269c) characteristics of electrical energy - 16 circulating within said one or more phase circuits or of the state of said cut-off devices (26a to 26c), and said measuring device (269a to 269c) further comprises an electrical connection (257) suitable for being connected (259) to a device (27) for managing and / or processing measurements. 2. Device (25) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the three phase circuits are physically integral with each other thus allowing a common placement of the functional unit (25) within the protection unit (13). 3. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measuring device comprises a current transformer integrated in the part of the phase circuit which is fixed to the insulating support (251). 4. Device (25) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one or more of the phase circuits comprises an electrical connector (256a to 256c, 258a to 258c) removably receiving a static switching device (26a to 26c) interrupting said phase circuit. 5. Device (25) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the measuring device (26a to 26c) comprises a current transformer (269a to 269c) integrated or associated with said switching device. 6. Device (25) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises a terminal block (257) making the connection of the output of the measuring devices or of the secondary of their current transformer (269a to 269c), or is electrically connected to said connection, and comprises one or more removable elements (260) short-circuiting said output or said secondary, thus providing protection during installation prior to commissioning of the control devices. measure (26a to 26c). 7. Protection unit (23) connected or intended to be connected: - upstream via four input terminals (131a to 131d) to a transformer (12, 21) connected to a medium voltage electrical network (11), and - downstream by four output terminals (139a to 139d) to a three-phase low voltage distribution feeder (19) with or without distributed neutral; said protection unit (23) comprising a four-pole switching device (14) provided with a mechanical control member (149) and comprising a connection location for a trip unit (15) arranged to operate said mechanical member under the effect of an overcurrent passing through said trip unit, said four-pole cut-off device (14) and said branch location being connected in series within at least three of four electrical circuits connecting said input terminals (131a to 131d) to said terminals output (139a to 139d), said protection unit (23) being characterized in that it comprises a protection unit (25) according to any one of claims 1 to 6 mounted and connected in place of said trip unit (15). 8. Device (27) for managing measurements comprising a box including electronic means arranged to communicate on the one hand with the measurement means (269a to 269c) of a functional protection unit (25) according to any one of the following. claims 1 to 6 to receive analog and / or digital measurement data from said functional protection unit and optionally from the transformer (21), and on the other hand to communicate by digital telecommunications means (279) with a remote computer server of processing (29) to send it said measurement data or data calculated from said measurements, or from one or more sensors or other equipment of the surrounding network. 9. Device (27) for managing measurements according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it further comprises electronic means (271) arranged to perform one or more of the following functions, and to communicate the result thereof to the processing server ( 29): - monitoring of the state of the protection functional unit (25) or of one or more of its breaking devices (26a to 26c) or of one or more of its measuring devices (269a to 269c), - detection of tripping of a breaking device (26a to 26c) within the protection functional unit (25), - detection of a distribution cut-out without triggering a cut-off device for the protection functional unit, - monitoring of the condition of the transformer (21), - calculation of active and / or reactive electrical power passing through the protection functional unit (25), - monitoring of the condition and / or calculation of the aging of the surge arresters, - reception of consumption data sent by one or more computerized consumption meters supplied by the distribution feeder (19) and / or comparison with electrical power data passing through the protection functional unit, - comparison calculation of a measured or calculated data with a determined threshold value, and emission of an alarm according to said calculation, - storage of a plurality of such events detected or calculated, and calculation and emission of an alarm as a function of said events. 10. Voltage transformer station (20) connected or intended to be connected upstream to a medium voltage electrical network (11) and downstream to a low voltage electrical distribution network (19), characterized in that it comprises d '' on the one hand a protective functional unit (25) according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or a protection unit (23) according to claim 7, and on the other hand a communication box (27) according to claim 8 communicating with said protection functional unit and with a remote computer server (29) to send it measurement data representing the state of said transformer station (20) or of the electrical quantities of the electrical energy passing through it. 11. Method of converting a general protection circuit breaker (13) connected upstream by four input terminals (131a to 131d) to a - 19 transformer (12) connected to a medium voltage electrical network (11) and connected downstream by four output terminals (139a to 139d) to a low voltage three-phase distribution feeder (19) with or without distributed neutral, said circuit breaker (13) comprising a four-pole switching device (14) provided with a mechanical control member (139) and comprising, for a trip unit (15) arranged to operate said mechanical member under the effect of an overcurrent, said trip unit (15), or a connection location for such a trip unit, said four-pole breaking device and said connection location being connected in series within at least three of four electrical circuits connecting said input terminals (131a to 131d ) to the output terminals (139a to 139d), said conversion method comprising fixing with electrical connection of a protective functional unit (25) according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in replacement of said b trigger loc (15). 12. Method of managing a transformer station (20) comprising a transformer (21) connected to a medium voltage electrical network (11) and which supplies a low voltage distribution network (19) via a unit. protection (23) according to claim 7, characterized in that it comprises: - a data recording by a functional protection unit (25) according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or within said protection unit, - management and / or processing of said data by a device (27) for managing measurements according to any one of Claims 8 or 9, and - remote transmission of said data, or of data resulting therefrom, to a remote computer server (29).