JP2009240029A - Lightning protection device and housing box - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a lightning protection device wherein if lightning surge current flows, equipment on the load side is protected and further a ground fault interrupter is prevented from being operated. <P>SOLUTION: The lightning protection device is installed mainly outside a residential building or the like. The lightning protection device includes: an overvoltage protector independent from mate poles except a neutral pole; a gap lightning arresting element common to all the mate poles; and a separator that interrupts commercial power supply current from the mate pole except a neutral pole, to ground. The lightning protection device may be installed between a distribution switchboard and a power supply. Ground may be shared between the lightning protection device and an overvoltage protector for communication or the like. It may be housed together with a wattmeter in a single enclosure. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a lightning protection device and a storage box for storing the lightning protection device.

The conventional lightning protection device is arranged on the load side of the distribution board, and the standard is defined by Non-Patent Document 1. Specifically, the contents are as follows.
(1) The installation location of the lightning protection device shall be on the load side of the service entrance device (see page 103 of Non-Patent Document 1).
(2) The service port device is an earth leakage circuit breaker having an overcurrent protection function (see page 103 of Non-Patent Document 1).
(3) A gap type lightning arrester is inserted between each phase electrode and the ground electrode (see page 804 of Non-Patent Document 1).
(4) No semiconductor element is provided on the neutral electrode (see page 804 of Non-Patent Document 1).

  One configuration example that satisfies these conditions is shown in FIG. FIG. 1 shows an example of the most common single-phase three-wire distribution board with a lightning protection function. The distribution board 2000 with a lightning protection function includes an earth leakage breaker (with an overcurrent protection function) 900 and a lightning protection device 910. The earth leakage breaker (with overcurrent protection function) 900 is connected to the secondary coil 950 of the transformer, and operates when an overcurrent flows on the load side and when an earth leakage occurs. And disconnect. The lightning protection device 910 includes overvoltage protectors 801 and 803 and a gap type lightning arrester 820. One end of each of the overvoltage protectors 801 and 803 is connected to the conductors 981 and 983, respectively. Further, the other ends of the overvoltage protectors 801 and 803 and the conductive wire 982 which is a neutral pole are connected to one end of the gap type lightning arrester 820. The other end of the gap type lightning arrester 820 is grounded. That is, the gap type lightning protection element 820 is a gap type lightning protection element common to a plurality of phase electrodes.

When a surge current due to lightning flows, a high voltage is simultaneously applied to the conductors 981, 982, and 983. When the gap type lightning arrester 820 is short-circuited, the overvoltage protectors 801 and 803 are short-circuited, and the lightning surge current flows to the ground (G ₂ ). Therefore, damage to equipment connected to the load side can be prevented.
“Extension Rules (Electrical Technical Rules Use Equipment), Section 1361 Lightning Protection Equipment”, Demand Equipment Special Committee, published by the NEC Association, pp. 103-104, pp. 804-805, September 2005.

  In the lightning protection device arranged on the load side of the distribution board, the earth leakage breaker 900 operates when a lightning surge current flows, and the load side is disconnected from the power source side. There was a problem of having to connect again.

  The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and provides a lightning protection device that prevents a leakage breaker from operating while protecting a load-side device when a lightning surge current flows. With the goal.

  The lightning protection device of the present invention includes an independent overvoltage protector for each phase electrode other than the neutral electrode, a gap-type lightning arrester common to all phase electrodes, and a commercial power supply from the phase electrode other than the neutral electrode to the ground side And a separator for cutting off the power supply current. Note that the gap type lightning protection element in the present specification includes a gas-filled discharge tube, an air gap, and the like.

  Moreover, you may use as a lightning protection apparatus for arrange | positioning on the power supply side rather than a distribution board. Further, the overvoltage protector for communication or the like may be shared with the ground, or may be housed in one housing together with the wattmeter.

  According to the lightning protection device of the present invention, even if a lightning surge current flows, the earth leakage breaker is not operated while protecting the load-side equipment. Further, if the lightning protection device of the present invention is installed outdoors if it is arranged on the power supply side with respect to the distribution board, the grounding can be shared with other overvoltage protectors such as those for communication and for CATV. Therefore, it is possible to prevent an overvoltage that is applied to a communication device in the house due to a difference in grounding.

In the following description, first, problems of a conventional lightning protection device for a distribution board according to the regulations of Non-Patent Document 1 are analyzed. And the structure of the lightning protection device which solved the problem from the analysis result is shown.
[analysis]
The analysis is performed using the example of the most common single-phase three-wire type distribution board with lightning protection function shown in FIG. First, the operating conditions of the earth leakage breaker (with an overcurrent protection function) 900 will be described. FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the operating conditions of the leakage breaker (with an overcurrent protection function) 900. For example, consider a case where a load is connected to the conductors 981 and 982 and AC 100V is used. At this time, each of the conductor 981 and conductor 982, flows through current _{I A} and the current _{I B.} In a normal state, I _A + I _B = 0 (in other words, | I _A | = | I _B |), and I _A is a rated current (for example, 30 A) or less.

When current leakage (leakage) occurs somewhere, I _A is less than the rated current, but I _A + I _B ≠ 0 (in other words, | I _A | ≠ | I _B |). The earth leakage breaker operates when I _A + I _B exceeds the threshold value (in other words, when | I _A | − | I _B | exceeds the threshold value), and disconnects the power supply side and the load side. The threshold value for detecting leakage is several tens of mA.

When an overcurrent occurs due to excessive use of electric power or the like, I _A + I _B = 0 (in other words, | I _A | = | I _B |), but I _A is larger than the rated current. Overcurrent protection function operates with I _A exceeds a threshold value over a certain time, disconnecting the power supply side and load side. For example, when the current flows twice as much as the rated current (for example, 60 A), it is cut in several minutes.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a state where a lightning surge current flows through the distribution board with a lightning protection function in FIG. 1. When an overvoltage is applied between the conductors 981, 982, 983 and the ground due to a lightning surge, the gap type lightning arrester 820 is short-circuited. The overvoltage protectors 801 and 803 are also short-circuited, and the lightning surge current flows to the ground (G ₂ ). Determined that lightning surge current, since the current flowing through the common from conductor 981,982,983 to the ground _{(G 2)} (common mode), earth leakage circuit breaker (overcurrent with protective function) 900 exceeds the threshold value _I A + _{I B} Then, disconnect the power supply side and the load side.

  As described above, in the case of the distribution board 2000 with a lightning protection function in FIG. In other words, every time a lightning surge current flows, a power failure occurs, so the distribution board (breaker) must be switched on.

  FIG. 4 shows a functional configuration example (single-phase three-wire system) of the lightning protection device according to the first embodiment. The lightning protection device 150 includes overvoltage protectors 101 and 103, separators 111 and 113, and a gap type lightning protection element 820. One ends of the separators 111 and 113 are connected to conducting wires 981 and 983, respectively, and the other ends of the separators 111 and 113 are connected to one ends of the overvoltage protectors 101 and 103, respectively. Further, the other ends of the overvoltage protectors 101 and 103 and the conductive wire 982 are connected to one end of the gap type lightning arrester 820. The other end of the gap type lightning arrester 820 is grounded. Note that the arrangement of the separators 111 and 113 and the overvoltage protectors 101 and 103 may be interchanged. Separators 111 and 113 prevent (cut) the current of the commercial power source from conducting wires 981 and 983 to the ground side. That is, the lightning protection device 150 is grounded from the overvoltage protectors 101 and 103 independent for each phase electrode other than the neutral electrode, the gap type lightning protection element 820 common to all the phase electrodes, and the phase electrode other than the neutral electrode. And separators 111 and 113 for cutting off the commercial power supply current to the side.

  In FIG. 4, the lightning protection device 150 is disposed between the secondary coil 950 of the transformer and the leakage breaker 900 having an overcurrent protection function (on the power supply side with respect to the distribution board). The earth leakage breaker (with an overcurrent protection function) 900 operates when an overcurrent flows on the load side and when an earth leakage occurs, and disconnects the power supply side and the load side.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a state where a lightning surge current flows through the lightning protection device 150. When an overvoltage is applied between the conductors 981, 982, 983 and the ground due to a lightning surge, the gap type lightning arrester 820 is short-circuited. Then, the overvoltage protectors 101 and 103 are also short-circuited, and the lightning surge current flows to the ground (G ₂ ). Therefore, it is possible to protect the device disposed on the load side of the lightning protection device 150 from the lightning surge. In addition, since the lightning surge current does not flow through the earth leakage breaker (with overcurrent protection function) 900, the earth leakage breaker (with overcurrent protection function) 900 operates and the power supply side and the load side are disconnected. There is no.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a state after a lightning surge current flows through the lightning protection device 150. Once the discharge starts, the gap type lightning arrester 820 may continue to be discharged (low resistance) by the commercial power supply even if the lightning surge current disappears (current flowing at this time is referred to as “continuous current”) ). In the case of the distribution board 2000 with a lightning protection function in FIG. However, when the lightning protection device 150 is disposed on the power supply side with respect to the earth leakage breaker 900 having an overcurrent protection function, the discharge state of the gap type lightning arrester 820 continues, and the overvoltage protector 101 or the overvoltage protector 103 If the state of low resistance continues, the current of the commercial power source flows from the conductive wire 981 or the conductive wire 983 to the ground (G ₂ ). Therefore, there is a need to solve the wake problem. The separators 111 and 113 are provided to cut the continuity, do not operate with lightning surge current, detect the flow of current from the commercial power source to the ground side, and connect the conductors 981 and 983 to the ground side. Disconnect.

  Since the lightning protection device 150 operates as described above, it is possible to obtain an effect that the earth leakage breaker is not operated even when a lightning surge current flows while performing a function of protecting the load side device from the lightning surge. Therefore, the problem of having to switch on the distribution board (breaker) each time a lightning surge current flows does not occur.

  FIG. 7 shows the arrangement of devices when the lightning protection device 150 of the first embodiment is used. There is a pull-in point 955 from the power facility on the power supply side, and a wattmeter 960, a lightning protection device 150, and a leakage breaker (with an overcurrent protection function) 900 are arranged toward the load side. There is a transformer or the like at the pull-in point 955, which is disposed on the utility pole. Since the watt meter 960 needs to confirm the power consumption by the person in charge of the electric power company, the watt meter 960 is usually disposed at a position where it can be seen from the outside. The earth leakage breaker (with an overcurrent protection function) 900 is generally called a breaker and is arranged indoors. In the case of the lightning protection device 910 shown in FIG. 1, the lightning breaker (with an overcurrent protection function) 900 is disposed on the load side, and thus must be disposed indoors. However, in the case of the lightning protection device 150, it can be selected whether to place it outdoors or indoors. The lightning protection device 150 may be arranged on the power supply side (side closer to the pull-in point 955) than the watt meter 960, and the watt meter 960 may be protected from lightning surge. In this case, it is necessary to place the lightning protection device 150 outdoors.

  FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a state of wiring to a conventional general house. In general, not only electric power but also cables such as communication and CATV are drawn into the house 920. A lightning protection device 911 for communication and a lightning protection device 912 for CATV are provided.

  FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a state of wiring to a house when the lightning protection device of Example 2 is used. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a lightning protection device according to the second embodiment. The storage box 170 includes a lightning protection device 160, a power watt meter 960, and a housing 175 that stores the lightning protection device 160 and the watt meter 960. The storage box 170 may be attached to a utility pole for drawing into the house or a wall surface of the house.

  The lightning protection device 160 includes overvoltage protectors 101, 103, 121, 131, separators 111, 113, and a gap type lightning protection element 820. One ends of the separators 111 and 113 are connected to conducting wires 981 and 983, respectively, and the other ends of the separators 111 and 113 are connected to one ends of the overvoltage protectors 101 and 103, respectively. The other ends of the overvoltage protectors 101 and 103 and the conductive wire 982 are connected to one end of the gap type lightning protection element 820. One end of the overvoltage protector 121 is connected to a communication cable or device, and one end of the overvoltage protector 131 is connected to a cable or device for CATV. The other end of the gap type lightning arrester 820 and the other ends of the overvoltage protectors 121 and 131 are grounded. Note that the arrangement of the separators 111 and 113 and the overvoltage protectors 101 and 103 may be interchanged. That is, the lightning protection device 160 is grounded from the overvoltage protectors 101 and 103 independent for each phase electrode other than the neutral electrode, the gap type lightning protection element 820 common to all the phase electrodes, and the phase electrode other than the neutral electrode. And separators 111 and 113 for cutting off the commercial power supply current to the side. Further, the ground side terminal of the communication overvoltage protector 121 (and CATV overvoltage protector 131) is connected to the ground side terminal of the gap type lightning arrester 820.

  One of the features of the lightning protection device 160 is that grounding is common for power, communication, and CATV. If an overvoltage is applied due to lightning surges when the grounding is different, an overvoltage is applied between the power line and the communication line to a device (for example, a communication device) where the power line and the communication line are connected due to a potential difference between the grounds. There is a risk that. However, if grounding can be made common like the lightning protection device 160, there is no danger of overvoltage being applied between the power line and the communication line.

Since the lightning protection device 160 is configured as described above, the lightning protection function for power has the same effect as the lightning protection device 150 of the first embodiment. In addition, since grounding is shared with other overvoltage protectors such as those for communication and CATV, overvoltage that is applied to in-home communication equipment due to different grounding can be prevented.
[Modification 1]
FIG. 11 shows a functional configuration example (single-phase two-wire system) of the lightning protection device of the first modification. The lightning protection device 250 includes an overvoltage protector 205, a separator 215, and a gap type lightning protection element 820. One end of the separator 215 is connected to the conducting wire 985, and the other end of the separator 215 is connected to one end of the overvoltage protector 205. The other end of the overvoltage protector 205 and the conducting wire 984 are connected to one end of the gap type lightning arrester 820. The other end of the gap type lightning arrester 820 is grounded. The arrangement of the separator 215 and the overvoltage protector 205 may be switched. That is, the lightning protection device 250 includes an overvoltage protector 205 at a phase electrode other than the neutral electrode, a gap-type lightning protection element 820 common to all phase electrodes, and a commercial power supply from the phase electrode other than the neutral electrode to the ground side. And a separator 215 for cutting off the current. Since the lightning protection device 250 has such a configuration, the same effect as the lightning protection device 150 can be obtained.

Moreover, as shown by the dotted line in FIG. 11, you may also provide the overvoltage protector 121,131. At this time, one end of the overvoltage protector 121 is connected to a communication cable or device, and one end of the overvoltage protector 131 is connected to a cable or device for CATV. The other ends of the overvoltage protectors 121 and 131 are grounded together with the other end of the gap type lightning arrester 820. With such a configuration, the lightning protection device 250 has the same effect as the lightning protection device 160.
[Modification 2]
FIG. 12 shows a functional configuration example (three-phase type) of the lightning protection device of the second modification. The lightning protection device 350 includes overvoltage protectors 306, 307, and 309, separators 316, 317, and 319, and a gap type lightning protection element 820. One ends of the separators 316, 317, and 319 are connected to conductors 986, 987, and 989, respectively, and the other ends of the separators 316, 317, and 319 are connected to one end of the overvoltage protectors 306, 307, and 309, respectively. ing. The other ends of the overvoltage protectors 306, 307, and 309 and the conductive wire 988 are connected to one end of the gap type lightning arrester 820. The other end of the gap type lightning arrester 820 is grounded. The arrangement of the separators 316, 317, 319 and the overvoltage protectors 306, 307, 309 may be switched. That is, the lightning protection device 350 includes overvoltage protectors 306, 307, and 309 independent of phase poles other than the neutral pole, a gap-type lightning protection element 820 common to all phase poles, and phase poles other than the neutral pole. Separators 316, 317, and 319 for cutting off the commercial power supply current to the ground side are provided. Since the lightning protection device 350 has such a configuration, the same effect as the lightning protection device 150 can be obtained. Note that there may be no conductor 988.

Moreover, as shown by the dotted line in FIG. 12, you may also provide the overvoltage protector 121,131. At this time, one end of the overvoltage protector 121 is connected to a communication cable or device, and one end of the overvoltage protector 131 is connected to a cable or device for CATV. The other ends of the overvoltage protectors 121 and 131 are grounded together with the other end of the gap type lightning arrester 820. With such a configuration, the lightning protection device 350 has the same effect as the lightning protection device 160.
[Modification 3]
FIG. 13 shows a functional configuration example (another example of a three-phase system) of the lightning protection device of the third modification. The lightning protection device 450 includes overvoltage protectors 402 and 403, separators 412 and 413, and a gap type lightning protection element 820. One ends of the separators 412 and 413 are connected to the conductive wires 992 and 993, respectively, and the other ends of the separators 412 and 413 are connected to one ends of the overvoltage protectors 402 and 403, respectively. The other ends of the overvoltage protectors 402 and 403 and the conductive wire 991 are connected to one end of the gap type lightning protection element 820. The other end of the gap type lightning arrester 820 is grounded. The arrangement of the separators 412 and 413 and the overvoltage protectors 402 and 403 may be switched. That is, the lightning protection device 450 includes overvoltage protectors 402 and 403 independent of phase poles other than the neutral pole, a gap-type lightning protection element 820 common to all phase poles, and a grounding side from the phase pole other than the neutral pole. And separators 412 and 413 for cutting off the commercial power source current. Since the lightning protection device 450 has such a configuration, the same effect as the lightning protection device 150 can be obtained.

  Moreover, as shown by the dotted line in FIG. 13, you may also provide the overvoltage protector 121,131. At this time, one end of the overvoltage protector 121 is connected to a communication cable or device, and one end of the overvoltage protector 131 is connected to a cable or device for CATV. The other ends of the overvoltage protectors 121 and 131 are grounded together with the other end of the gap type lightning arrester 820. With such a configuration, the lightning protection device 450 has the same effect as the lightning protection device 160.

The figure which shows the example of the general distribution board with a lightning protection function of a single-phase three-wire system. The figure for demonstrating the operating condition of the earth-leakage circuit breaker (with an overcurrent protection function) 900. FIG. The figure which shows a mode when the lightning surge current flows into the distribution board with a lightning protection function of FIG. The figure which shows the function structural example (single-phase three-wire system) of the lightning protection apparatus of Example 1. FIG. The figure which shows a mode when the lightning surge current flows into the lightning protection apparatus of Example 1. FIG. The figure which shows a mode after the lightning surge current flows into the lightning protection apparatus of Example 1. FIG. The figure which shows arrangement | positioning of an apparatus at the time of using the lightning protection apparatus of Example 1. FIG. The figure which shows the mode of wiring to the conventional common house. The figure which shows the mode of the wiring to a house at the time of using the lightning protection apparatus of Example 2. FIG. The figure which shows the structural example of the lightning protection apparatus of Example 2. FIG. The figure which shows the function structural example (single-phase two-wire system) of the lightning protection apparatus of the modification 1. The figure which shows the function structural example (three-phase type) of the lightning protection apparatus of the modification 2. The figure which shows the function structural example (another example of a three-phase type) of the lightning protection apparatus of the modification 3.

Explanation of symbols

101, 103, 121, 131, 205, 306, 307, 309 Overvoltage protector 402, 403, 801, 803 Overvoltage protector 111, 113, 215, 316, 317, 319, 412, 413 Separator 150, 160, 250 , 350, 450, 910, 911, 912 Lightning protection device 170 Storage box 175 Case 820 Gap type lightning arrester 900 Earth leakage breaker 950-953 Secondary coil 955 Retraction point 960 Watt meter 981-989, 991-995 Conductor

Claims (4)

An independent overvoltage protector for each phase electrode other than the neutral electrode,
Gap type lightning protection element common to all phase poles,
A separator that cuts off the commercial power supply current from the phase electrode other than the neutral electrode to the ground,
A lightning protection device comprising. The lightning protection device according to claim 1,
A lightning protection device that is placed on the power supply side of the distribution board. The lightning protection device according to claim 2,
Also equipped with an overvoltage protector for communication,
A terminal on the ground side of the overvoltage protector for communication is connected to a terminal on the ground side of the gap type lightning arrester. A lightning protection device according to claim 2 or 3,
A watt meter for electricity,
A storage box comprising: a housing for storing the lightning protection device and the wattmeter.

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