OA12376A - Vehicle used to apply chemical compounds to wood. - Google Patents

Description

1 012376

VEHICLE FOR APPLYING CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS ON WOOD

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention is generally related to the treatment ofwoods by means of applying Chemical compounds. The inventionspecifically refers to a vehicle that is useful for applyingChemical compounds on woods.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Various harmful biological agents are known that arecapable of attacking wood, causing significant damage. Amongsaid biological agents harmful for wood are insects, forexample beetles (a term which includes various species ofwood-eating insects whose larvae gnaw and bore wood),termites, moths, etc., and fungi, for example Poria vaillantiiFr., Coniophora cerebella Duey, Merulius lacrymans Wulf,Lentinus lepideus Fr., Lenzites sepiaria Wulf, Chaetomiumglobosum Kunz, etc.

The products normally used for treating and conservingwood generally comprise one or more active substances that areeffective against the harmful biological agents to beeliminated, for example one or more insecticides and/orfungicides, and a vehicle for introducing said activesubstances into the tunnels and cavities generated in the woodby the action of said harmful biological agents.

The number of vehicles that are effective as activesubstance carriers inside the wood is currently very limited.Among those vehicles normally used in products for treatingand conserving wood are water, inorganic arsenic dérivatives,pentachlorophenol and créosote.

Water is the most commonly used carrier. However, itscarcely pénétrâtes the wood, so the active substances appliedto the wood using said vehicle therefore do not suitablypenetrate it, remaining on the surface, thereby significantlyreducing the effectiveness of said active substances.

The other vehicles hâve a very slight wood pénétration 012376 index, generally comprised between 2 and 6 mm after 24 hours.In soft and porous woods, pénétration indices of the vehicleof up to 6 mm are obtained, whereas in hard and not porouswoods, the vehicles penetrate between 2 and 3 mm during a 24hour time period.

Therefore, there is a necessity to find new vehiclesthat are useful for applying Chemical compounds on woods whichadvantageously hâve a high wood pénétration index.

The invention provides a solution to the existingnecessity that comprises the development of a new vehicle forapplying Chemical compounds on woods, comprising a mixture ofseveral components. Said vehicle has a high wood pénétrationindex, determined by means of a trial comprising theapplication of the vehicle at a point on the wood, allowingthe vehicle to act for a period of time, and determining theadvance of the vehicle front by means of cutting the wood andmeasuring the advance of the vehicle front. A vehicle such as the one provided by this invention isuseful for treating woods, specifically for treating andpreventing damage caused by the attack of biological agentsthat are harmful for wood.

An object of this invention is constituted of saidvehicle for applying Chemical compounds on woods.

An additional object of this invention is constituted ofa composition comprising said vehicle together with at leastone Chemical compound.

Another additional object of this invention isconstituted of a method for treating wood, comprising applyingsaid composition in a sufficient quantity to the wood to betreated.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention provides a vehicle that is useful for applying Chemical compounds on woods, heretofore vehicle of the invention, comprising:

Components Percentage by weight regarding total (%) 3 012376

Toluene 40-70

Xylene

BenzophenoneButyl glycolCetyl acetateMethanol 6-40 3-18 2-9 1-7 0.3-4

Ail the components constituting the vehicle of theinvention are commercial products. In the sense used in thisdescription, the term "benzophenone" includes bothbenzophenone (diphenylmethanone) and the hydroxylated ormethoxylated dérivatives thereof [see for example The MerckIndex, llth Edition, 1989]. Likewise, the term "butyl"includes any of the butyl isomers.

In a particular embodiment, the vehicle of the inventionhas the following composition:

Components Percentage by weight regarding total (%)

Toluene 64

Xylene 16

Benzophenone 10

Butyl glycol 5

Cetyl acetate 4

Methanol 1

The vehicle of the invention can be easily prepared bymeans of a process that comprises mixing the components in thedesired proportions.

Several trials hâve clearly shown the high pénétrationindex of the vehicle of the invention in different woods [seeExample 1] , it can therefore be used for applying Chemicalcompounds on woods, for example, Chemical compounds useful fortreating woods, specifically for treating and preventingdamage caused by the attack of biological agents that areharmful for wood [see Example 2].

The invention also provides a composition, heretofore composition of the invention, comprising at least one Chemical compound and a vehicle of the invention. The vehicle of the 4 012376 tripropyl fenitrothion, invention can be présent in the composition of the inventionin a widely variable quantity; for example, the composition ofthe invention may contain between 0.1 and 99.9% by weight ofthe vehicle of the invention, the rest being constituted ofsaid compound or Chemical compounds, in which case saidChemical compounds can be présent in any weight ratio that issuitable among them. The composition of the invention can beeasily obtained by mixing the vehicle of the invention withsaid compound or Chemical compound in the suitable weightratio. The composition of the invention is in liquid form, forexample in a solution or dispersion.

In a particular embodiment of the invention, thecomposition of the invention is a composition that is usefulfor treating wood, comprising one or more Chemical compoundsthat are useful for treating wood, in addition to the vehicleof the invention. In another more spécifie embodiment of theinvention, the composition of the invention is an insecticideand/or fungicide composition, useful for treating and/orpreventing damage caused by insects and/or fungi which attackwood, comprising one or more insecticides and/or one or morefungicides, in addition to the vehicle of the invention. Amongthose insecticides and/or fungicides that may be présent inthe composition of the invention, the following are included:chlorpyrifos, fipronil, silafluofen, acetamiprid, etofenprox,isocyanurate, fenobucarb, hexaflumuron, esfenvalerate, imidacloprid, difluobenzuron, lambda-cyhalothrin, clothalonil, propiconazole and themixtures thereof. In this case, the composition of theinvention is useful for inhibiting the development ofbiological agents that are harmful for wood, such as insects,for example, beetles, termites, moths, etc., and fungi, forexample, Poria vaillantii Fr., Coniophora cerebella Duey,Merulius lacrymans Wulf, Lentinus lepideus Fr., Lenzitessepiaria Wulf, Chaetomium globosum Kunz, etc.

The wood pénétration index obtained with the composition 012376 of the invention generally corresponds to that of the vehicleused. Said pénétration index may vary, depending on the typeof wood as well as the degree of humidity thereof.

The invention also provides a method for treating woodwhich comprises applying a composition of the invention to thewood to be treated in a sufficient quantity so as to obtainthe desired effect. In the sense used in this description, theexpression "applying a composition of the invention to thewood to be treated" includes applying the composition of theinvention on the surface to the wood to be treated as well asintroducing the composition of the invention, by any suitablemeans, into the tunnels and cavities generated in the wood bythe action of, for example, harmful biological agents.

The following examples serve to illustrate the inventionand must not be considered limiting for the scope thereof. EXAMPLE 1 Détermination of the wood pénétration indexof a vehicle 1.1 Materials and method

The method used for determining the wood pénétrationindex of a vehicle consists of applying a determined quantityof the vehicle to be tested (between 3 and 10 ml) at a point(origin) of the surface of the wood, allowing the vehicle toact for a determined time period (between 1-23 minutes), andmeasuring the advance of the vehicle front by means of cuttingthe wood and measuring the advance of the vehicle front insidethe wood from the origin.

The woods used were représentative of a broad spectrumof woods, from very soft and porous woods to very hard and notporous woods. The woods that were specifically tested were thefollowing: poplar, scots pine, walnut, cedar and beech wood.The woods were shaped into 20 x 7 x 7 cm pièces.

The vehicles tested were those whose compositions are described below. As the trials were being carried out and results were being obtained, the products were selected and 012376 those which resulted to be ineffective for the desired objective were discarded. Thus the composition of the vehicle of the invention was obtained. I. Combinations of 2 different components: 1) Ethylene glycol/toluene 2) benzophenone-2/ethyl ether 3) disodium phosphate/monoxinol-9 4) butyl glycol/acetylene 5) methanol/benzol 6) dodecyl diamino ethyl/xylene 7) sodium sulphate/cetyl acetate 8) sodium hydroxide/methylene chloride

For each combination, different concentrations weretested (in each case comprised between 0.5 and 80% by weightregarding the total) of each one of the components présent ineach combination. The remainder up to 100% was composed of theother component. II. Combinations of 3 different components: 1) cetyl acetate/sodium hydroxide/monoxinol-9 2) butyl glycol/ethyl ether/disodium phosphate 3) acetylene/dodecyl diamino ethyl/toluene 4) benzol/methylene chloride/sodium sulphate 5 ) benzophenone-2/acetylene/monoxinol-9 6) xylene/ethylene glycol/methanol

For each combination, different concentrations weretested (in each case comprised between 0.5 and 80% by weightregarding the total) of each one of the components présent ineach combination. The remainder up to 100% was composed of theother components. III. Combinations of 4 different components: 1) ethyl ether/methanol/butyl glycol/sodium hydroxide 2) sodium sulphate/xylene/methylene chloride/ benzol 3) dodecyl diamino ethyl/cetyl acetate/disodiumphosphate /acetylene 4) benzophene-2/ethylene glycol/monoxinol-9/toluene 7 012376 5) xylene/ethylene glycol/methanol

For each combination, different concentrations weretested (in each case comprised between 0.5 and 80% by weightregarding the total) of each one of the components présent ineach combination. The remainder up to 100% was composed of theother components. IV. Combinations of 5 different components: 1) methanol/acetylene/ethylene glycol/benzol/disodiumphosphate 2) xylene/methylene chloride/dodecyl diamino ethyl/sodiumsulphate/monoxinol-9 3) benzophenone-2/sodium hydroxide/methanol/cetyl acetate/ethyl ether 4) acetylene/disodium sulphate/butyl glycol/methylenechloride/toluene

For each combination, different concentrations weretested (in each case comprised between 0.5 and 80% by- weightregarding the total) of each one of the components présent ineach combination. The remainder up to 100% was composed of theother components. V. Combinations of 6 different compounds: 1) toluene/ethyl ether/ethylene glycol/methanol/ monoxinol-9/acetylene 2) sodium hydroxide/cetyl acetate/sodium sulphate/xylene/dodecyl diamino ethyl/benzol 3) benzophenone-2/methylene chloride/disodium phosphate/butyl glycol/acetylene/sodium hydroxide 4) toluene/xylene/benzophenone-2/butyl glycol/cetyl acetate/methanol

For each combination, different concentrations weretested (in each case comprised between 0.5 and 80% by weightregarding the total) of each one of the components présent ineach combination. The remainder up to 100% was composed of theother components.

1.2 RESÜLTS 012376

In general, the best results, expressed as themeasurement (in mm) of the advance of the vehicle front, wereobtained with a vehicle whose composition contained 6different components, specifically with a composition of type 5 V.4 composed of toluene, xylene, benzophenone-2, butyl glycol, cetyl acetate and methanol. Specifically, with a vehiclehaving Composition A: 64% toluene, 16% xylene, 10% benzophenone-2, 5% butyl glycol, 4% cetyl acetate and 1%methanol, where ail the percentages are by weight regarding 10 the total, the results that were obtained are included inTable 1.

Table 1 Pénétration index (PI) of composition Aon different woods

Wood Quantity (ml) Time (min) PI (mm) Poplar 3 1 10 Poplar 6 2.5 '15 Poplar 10 6 20 Scots pine 3 2 10 Scots pine 6 5 15 Scots pine 10 10 20 Walnut 3 6 10 Walnut 6 14 15 Walnut 10 20 20 Cedar 3 8 10 Cedar 6 17 15 Cedar 10 23 20 Beech 3 8 10 Beech 6 17 15 Beech 10 23 20 15

Further trials carried out with compositions containing one or more insecticides and/or fungicides together with a vehicle provided by this invention clearly showed that the 9 012376 pénétration index of the composition was the same as that ofthe vehicle [without active substance(s)]. EXAMPLE 2

Insecticide composition and effectiveness trials

An insecticide composition was prepared, heretoforeComposition B, which exhibited the following composition:

Fenitrothion 25% (total weight/volume)

Esfenvalerate 2% (total weight/volume)

Vehicle* remainder up to 100% * The vehicle composition was the following: 64% toluene, 16%xylene, 10% benzophenone-2, 5% butyl glycol, 4% cetyl acetateand 1% methanol, where ail the rates are by weight with regardto the total weight [corresponds to Composition A mentioned inExample 1].

The density of the insecticide composition was 0.9 g/ml.

The insecticide composition was obtained by addingfenitrothion and esfenvalerate, in suitable amounts-, to thevehicle obtained previously by means of mixing its componentsin the suitable amounts.

In order to evaluate the effectiveness of saidinsecticide composition [Composition B] , which contained avehicle provided by this invention, the following trials werecarried out: 2.1 Détermination of the préventive effectivenessagainst termites; and 2.2 Détermination of the threshold of préventiveeffectiveness against termites 2.1 Détermination of the préventive effectiveness against termites 2.1.1 Brushing 2.1.1.1 Materials and methods

The tested insecticide composition is Composition B. No solvent was used to dissolve the insecticide composition. Pure gelatin was used for clogging up to the heads of the test tubes, as indicated by the standard. 10 012376

The biological material used was Reticulitermes lucifugus Rossi.

The trial standard was UNE standard 56411:1992 (UnaNorma Espanola- A Spanish Standard) (EN 118:1990) "Woodprotectors. Détermination of préventive effectiveness againstReticulitermes santonensis of Feytaud. Laboratory method."

The trial was carried out on wood test tubes obtainedfrom Pinus sylvestris L. originating from the Valsainmountain, in accordance with the requirements of the standard.

The minimum dose obtained by means of treatment bybrushing, as indicated by the standard, was 43.05 ml/m2. 2.1.1.2 Treatment

On the 10 March of 2000, the minimum possible amount ofinsecticide composition (43.05 ml/m2), with a tolérance of+5%, was applied by brushing on one of the sides of the testtube, checking by means of weighing that the desired amounthad been applied, thus obtaining the insecticide compositionabsorptions and retentions that are included in Table 2.

After treatment, the test specimen were left to dry andwere treated in an air conditioned chamber at a température of20+2°C and a relative humidity of 65+5% for 7 weeks, prior toputting them in contact with the insect colonies. The termitecolonies were put in contact with the test tube using apolyuréthane foam on the 3 of May of 2000, and the testapparatuses were placed in a chamber at a température of27+2°C and a relative humidity of 75+5% for 8 weeks.

The final examination was carried out on the 26 of Juneof 2000. The attacks of the test tubes were evaluated as perthe following scale: 0: No sign of attack 1 : Tentative attack 2 : Light attack 3 : Medium attack 4 : Strong attack

The results obtained are included in Table 2. 11 012376

Table 2

Préventive effectiveness against termites (UNE 56411:1992)

Unaged test tubes. Brushed

Test specimen number Tested doses Examination results Degree of attack (0-4) Theoretical doses Applied Doses Survival g/m2 ml/m2 g/m2 ml/m2 0 (%) S and N (n) 1 12.0- 15.0 13.33- 16.66 38.75 43.05 0 0-0 0 3 38.75 43.05 0 0-0 0 4 38.75 43.05 3 0-0 0 5 38.75 43.05 1 0-0 0 7 40.00 44.44 0 0-0 0 9 40.00 44.44 2 0-0 0 Tl Untreated samples - - 91 0-2 4 T2 - -· 96 1-2 4 T3 - - 97 1-3 4 5 [O: workers; S: soldiers; N: nymphs; n: number]

The results obtained clearly show that the tested insecticide composition (Composition B) is effective againsttermites for surface treatments by means of a method providinga dose of approximately 43 ml/m2 on the wood that is actually 10 treated. To evaluate the possibility that the effectivenessthreshold is below the tested dose (43 ml/m2), several trialswere carried out using a treatment method based on sprayingthe insecticide composition on the wood to be treated. 2.1.2 Spraying 15 2.1.2.1 Materials and methods

The tested insecticide composition is Composition B. No solvent was used to dissolve the insecticide composition. Puregelatin was used for clogging up to the heads of the testtubes, as indicated by the standard. 20 The biological material used was Retïculitermes lucifugus Rossi (the termite species conventionally existing 12 012375 in Spain).

The trial standard was the UNE standard 56411:1992 (EN118:1990) "Wood protectors. Détermination of préventiveefficacy against Reticulitermes santonensis of Feytaud.Laboratory method."

The trial was carried out on wood test specimen obtainedfrom Pinus sylvestris L. originating from the Burgui mountain(Navarra), in accordance with the requirements of thestandard.

The tested insecticide composition concentrations werethe following: 13.33 ml/m2 and 16.66 ml/m2. The insecticidecomposition was applied by means of spraying. 2.1.2.2 Treatment

On the 20 of June of 2000, the indicated doses ofinsecticide composition, with a tolérance of +5%, were appliedby spraying on one of the sides of the test specimen, checkingby means of weighing that the desired amounts -had beenapplied, thus obtaining the insecticide compositionabsorptions and retentions that are included in Tables 3 and4 .

After treatment, the test tubes were left to dry andwere treated in an air conditioned chamber at a température of20+2°C and a relative humidity of 65+5% for 10 weeks prior toputting them in contact with the insect colonies or agingthem.

In order to âge the test tubes, the latter weresubjected to an aging trial by évaporation for 12 weeks, asper the methodology indicated in the UNE standard 56406:1992[Wood protectors. Accelerated aging trials of treated woodsprior to biological trials. Evaporation test].

The termite colonies were put in contact with the test specimen using a polyuréthane foam on the 27 of July of 2000 (for the unaged test specimen) and on the 30 of October of 2000 (for the test specimen subjected to aging by évaporation), and the test devices were placed in a chamber at 13 012376 10 a température of 27+2°C and a relative humidity of 75+5% for 8 weeks.

The final examination was carried out on the 24 ofOctober of 2000 (for the unaged test specimen) and on the 2 ofJanuary of 2001 (for the test specimen subjected to aging byévaporation). The attacks of the test specimen were evaluatedas per the following scale: 0: No sign of attack 1: Tentative attack 2 : Light attack 3: Medium attack 4 : Strong attack

The results obtained are included in Tables 3 and 4.

Table 3 15 Préventive effectiveness against termites (φΙΕ 56411:1992)Unaged test specimen. Spraying

Test specimen number Tested doses Examination·results Degree of attack (0-4) Theoretical doses Applied doses Survival g/m2 ml/m2 g/m2 ml/m2 0 (%) S and N (n) 1 16.16 17.95 0 0-0 0 3 14.98 16.64 0 0-0 0 4 12.0- 13.33- 15.05 16.72 0 0-0 0 5 15.0 16.66 13.75 15.27 0 0-0 0 7 16.33 18.14 0 0-0 0 9 15.03 16.70 0 0-0 0 TA Untreated - - 83 1-1 4 TB samples - - 86 2-1 4 TB' - - 87 1-1 4 [O: workers; S: soldiers; N: nymphs; n: number] 20 14 01237$

Table 4

Préventive efficacy against termites (UNE 56411:1992)

Aged test specimen (EN 73) . Spraying

Test specimen number Tested doses Examination results Degree of attack (0-4) Theoretical doses Applied doses Survival g/m2 ml/m2 g/m2 ml/m2 0 (%) S and N (n) 1' 12.0- 15.0 13.33- 16.66 16.16 17.95 0 0-0 0 3' 14.98 16.64 0 0-0 0 4' 15.05 16.72 0 0-0 0 5' 13.75 15.27 0 0-0 0 7' 16.33 18.14 0 0-0 0 9' 15.03 16.70 0 0-0 0 TA' Untreated samples - - 94 2-1 4 TB' - - 86 3-2 4 TB - - 91 2-1 4 [O: workers; S: soldiers; N: nymphs; n: number]

The results obtained clearly show that the testedinsecticide composition (Composition B) is effective againsttermites for surface treatments by means of a method providinga dose between 13.33 and 16.66 ml/m2 on the wood that isactually treated. Given that the product has shown to beeffective at the lowest dose of 13.33 ml/m2, it is likely thatit is effective at doses that are lower than those specified. 2.2 Détermination of the threshold of préventive effectiveness against termites 2.2.1 Materials and Method

The tested insecticide composition is Composition B.

The biological material used was R. lucifugus Rossi (thetermite species normally existing in Spain).

The trial standard was the UNE standard 56410:1992 (EN 15 01237ρ 117:1990) "Wood protectors. Détermination of the threshold ofpréventive efficacy against Reticulitermes santonensis ofFeytaud. Laboratory method."

The trial was carried out on wood test specimen obtainedfrom Pinus sylvestris L. originating from the Burgui mountain(Navarra), in accordance with the requirements of thestandard.

To dilute the insecticide composition, xylene was used.The tested concentrations were the following: 0%, 0.01%,0.023%, 0.045%, 0.065% and 0.085%. 2.2.2 Treatment

On the 16 of June of 2000, the imprégnation of the testspecimen was carried by atmospheric pressure vacuum, asindicated by the standard, thus obtaining the insecticidecomposition absorptions and retentions that are included inTables 5 and 6.

After treatment, the test specimen were left to dry andwere treated in an air conditioned chamber at a température of20+2°C and a relative humidity of 65+5% for 6 weeks prior toputting them in contact with the insect colonies or agingthem.

To âge the test specimen, once the latter are treated,they are subjected to an aging trial by évaporation for 12weeks, as per the methodology indicated in the UNE standard56406:1992.

The termite colonies were put in contact with the testspecimen by using a polyuréthane foam on the 27 of July of2000 (for the unaged test specimen) and on the 30 of Octoberof 2000 (for the test specimen subjected to aging byévaporation), and the test devices were placed in a chamber ata température of 27+2°C and a relative humidity of 75+5% for 8weeks.

The final examination was carried out on the 18 of

September of 2000 for the unaged test specimen and on the 2 of

January of 2001 for the test specimen subjected to aging by 16 012376 10 évaporation. The attacks of the specimen were evaluated as perthe following scale: 0: No sign of attack 1: Tentative attack 2: Light attack 3: Medium attack 4: Strong attack

The results obtained are included in Tables 5 and 6.These results clearly show that the tested insecticidecomposition (Composition B) is effective against termites fordeep treatments by a process providing a rétention ofapproximately 0.04 kg/m3 on the wood that is actuallyimpregnated. Given that the product has proven to be effectiveat the lowest dose (0.01%), it is likely that theeffectiveness threshold is below the specified rétention. 15 012376

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Claims (6)

1. 21 012376 CLAIMS

   1. Vehicle that is useful for applying Chemical compounds on woods, comprising the following composition: Components Percentage by weight regarding total (%) Toluene 40-70 Xylene 6-40 Benzophenone 3-18 Butyl glycol 2- 9 Cetyl acetate 1- 7 Methanol 0.3-4 2. Vehicle according to claim 1, comprising the following composition: Components Percentage by weight regarding total (%) Toluene 64 Xylene 16 Benzophenone 10 Butyl glycol 5 Cetyl acetate 4 Methanol 1
2. 3. Composition comprising at least one Chemical compoundand a vehicle according to any of daims 1 or 2.
3. 4. Composition according to claim 3, wherein saidChemical compound comprises one or more insecticides and/orone or more fungicides.
4. 5. Composition according to claim 4, wherein saidChemical compound is selected from chlorpyrifos, fipronil,silafluofen, acetamiprid, etofenprox, tripropyl isocianurate,fenobucarb, hexaflumuron, fenitrothion, esfenvalerate,imidacloprid, difluobenzuron, lambda-cyhalothrin, clothalonil,propiconazole and the mixtures thereof.
5. 6. Method for treating wood which comprises applying acomposition according to any of daims 3 to 5 to the wood tobe treated.
6. 7. Method according to claim 6, for treating and/orpreventing the damage caused by biological agents that are 22 Ο1237ρ harmful for wood, which comprises applying a compositionaccording to any of daims 4 or 5 to the wood to be treated.