OA11210A - Using equipment in a well system - Google Patents
Using equipment in a well system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- OA11210A OA11210A OA9900237A OA9900237A OA11210A OA 11210 A OA11210 A OA 11210A OA 9900237 A OA9900237 A OA 9900237A OA 9900237 A OA9900237 A OA 9900237A OA 11210 A OA11210 A OA 11210A
- Authority
- OA
- OAPI
- Prior art keywords
- equipment
- well system
- well
- production
- entrance
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003245 working effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000256247 Spodoptera exigua Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010793 Steam injection (oil industry) Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B23/00—Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/30—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimising the spacing of wells
- E21B43/305—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimising the spacing of wells comprising at least one inclined or horizontal well
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
A method and well system are disclosed which allow service or other equipment to be moved into, through and/or from the well system whilst production of oil and/or gas can continue during at least part of the period during which the equipment is moved or used in the well system. The well system thereto comprises a plurality of entrance points at the earth surface and a system of underground wellbores which provide a subsurface connection between said entry points so that production of oil and/or gas can continue via at least one of said entrance points whilst equipment is moved into, through and/or from the well system via another entrance point.
Description
1 011210
USING EQUIPMENT IN A WELL SYSTEM
The invention relates to a method for using equipmentin a well System for the production of hydrocarbon fluidsand to a well System in which the method can be applied.
The use of a U-shaped well in which equipment ismoved as described in the preamble of daims 1 and 5 isknown from US patent spécifications Nos. 4,532,986 and5,450,902.
In the U-shaped well known from US patentspécification a steam barrier is movably arranged betweena steam injection well and bitumen production well toenhance bitumen production. US patent spécificationNo. 5,450,902 discloses the use of a reciprocating pistonand one way valve to such hydrocarbons into the well andthen pump these hydrocarbons towards a production well.The known movable equipment therefore is essentiallypassive fluid displacement equipment, which is installeddownhole before production operations are started.
In many cases there is a need for moving equipmentinto, through and/or from oil or gas production wells foruse downhole after start-up of the well, for example toinstall or remove a sand screen or measuring equipment,or to plug a well section or to drill a further extensionor well-branch.
Generally these activities require killing of thewell by pumping a high density liquid into the wellwhereupon the so-called X-mas tree can be removed fromthe wellhead and the equipment can be moved into, throughand/or from the well. Occasionally it is possible toapply an underbalanced drilling or workover techniquewhere the downhole fluid pressure in the well remains 2 011210 lower than the réservoir fluid pressure, but in any casethe activities require extensive précautions to avoid ablow-out and will generate substantial production lossesover a significant period of time. 5 An object of the présent invention is to provide a method for moving drilling, service, maintenance and/ormonitoring equipment into, through and/or from a wellSystem for the production of hydrocarbon fluids whichallows an easy and safe access to the well System and 10 downhole use of the equipment for drilling, service, maintenance and/or monitoring operations at any time andwhich results in but lower production losses. A furtherobject is to provide a well System which can at any timebe serviced, maintained, monitored and extended 15 throughout the period in which hydrocarbon fluid production via the System takes place.
Therefore, in accordance with the invention there isprovided a method for moving drilling, service,maintenance and/or monitoring equipment into, through 20 and/or from a well system for the production of hydrocarbon fluids, which well system comprises aplurality of entrance points at or near the earth surfaceand a system of one or more underground wellbores whichprovide a subsurface connection between said entrance 25 points, wherein equipment is moved into, through and/or from the well system via a first of said entrance pointsand production of hydrocarbon fluids takes place viaanother entrance point during at least part of the periodthat the equipment is moved and/or actuated to perform 50 downhole drilling, service, maintenance and/or monitoring operations in the well system.
Optionally, said first and any other entrance pointsare wellheads of hydrocarbon fluid production wells andthe production of hydrocarbon fluids via the wellhead 35 that forms the first of said entrance points is 3 011210 interrupted or minimized by arranging the equipmentbetween the first of said entrance points and a downholeseal which prevents or reduces flow of hydrocarbon fluidsfrom the well System towards the first of said wellheadsduring at least part of the period that the equipment isactuated within and/or moved into, through and/or fromthe well System.
Alternatively, the first of said entrance points is adedicated equipment launch and retrieval point which isnot used for normal production operations.
Suitably, the equipment is moved through the wellSystem by carrier means which are connected to surfacepower supply and/or control facilities via an electrical,fibre optical, hydraulic, or other umbilical conduitwhich passes through the first of said entrance points.
In such case the carrier means optionally comprisesplugging equipment which temporarily provides a plugwhich blocks or reduces flow of fluids from the wellSystem towards the first of said entrance points duringat least part of the period that the carrier means and/orother equipment are used in or moved into, through orfrom the well System.
The well System according to the invention comprisesa plurality of entrance points at or near the earthsurface and a System of underground wellbores whichprovides a subsurface connection between said entrancepoints, wherein equipment is movably arranged in the wellSystem, and wherein the equipment consists of drilling,service, maintenance and/or monitoring equipment whichcan be actuated downhole and/or which can be insertedand/or removed from the well System via a first of saidentrance points whilst production of hydrocarbon fluidstakes place via another entrance point.
The invention also relates to a method for the phaseddevelopment of such a well System. The method comprises 4 011210 drilling and completing a hydrocarbon fluid productionwell via a well entrance point at or near the earthsurface and initiating the production of hydrocarbonfluids via that entrance point; and subsequently drillinganother well via another entrance point at or near theearth surface such that the wellbores of the wellsintersect and form a subsurface corridor via whichequipment can be moved, wherein production of hydrocarbonfluids via the already completed well continues during atleast part of the period that the other well is beingdrilled and/or completed. The process of drilling furtherwellbores and wellbranches may continue after completionof said other well whilst production via at least oneentrance point continues.
It is observed that US patent spécificationNo. 4,390,067 discloses the use of a pattern ofinterconnected horizontal and vertical wells in whichsteam is injected to generate heated corridors in aviscous oil bearing formation. In this known System steamis injected via some wellheads and oil is produced, usingbeam pumps installed at some of the other wellheads. US patent spécification No. 4,283,088 discloses theuse of an underground working tunnel and workings fromwhere heat injection and oil production wells are drilledinto a viscous oil bearing formation by mining personneloperating in the tunnel and workings. The tunnel andworkings are ventilated and perform as a subsurface workarea from which a sériés of generally upwardly orientedheat injection and oil production wells are drilled. Thetunnel and workings therefore do not form part of thewell System itself.
Furthermore, International patent application
No. PCT/GB94/00515 (publication WO 94/21889) discloses in
Fig. 2 that a U-shaped well may be used to facilitate 5 011210 geothermal energy from an underlying layer to enhance theproduction of fluids from an underground réservoir.
The invention will now be described in more detailwith reference to the accompanying drawing which shows aschematic perspective view of a well system according tothe invention.
The well System comprises a first wellhead 1 and asecond wellhead 2. The wellheads 1 and 2 are located atthe earth surface 3 and interconnected via a system ofunderground wellbores. The system of wellbores comprisesof a first and a second vertical wellbore 4 and 5 and apair of substantially horizontal wellbores 6 and 7, whichinterconnect the vertical wellbores 4 and 5 at differentdepths. Furthermore a pair of wellbranches 8 and 9 hâvebeen drilled from the first vertical wellbore 4 and apair of wellbranches 10 and 11 hâve been drilled from theupper horizontal wellbore 6.
The well system traverses upper and lower oil and/orgas bearing formations 12 and 13 that are shown in thedrawing as shaded areas. Inflow of oil and/or gas intothe well system takes place at inflow zones 14 and 15which are depicted in the drawing as dark shaded areas.
It is observed that the inflow zones 14 and 15 couldeach be separate oil and/or gas réservoirs.
The well system is equipped with a sériés of valves16 which in the illustration shown are closed and therebyprevent inflow of oil and/or gas into the first verticalwellbore 4 towards the first wellhead 1. A serviceequipment carrier tool 17 has been lowered into the lowerhorizontal wellbore 7.
The tool 17 is connected to power and control means(not shown) at the earth surfaces 3 via an umbilicalcable 18 which has been reeled into the well system froma reeling drum 19. The first wellhead 1 is provided with 6 01 1 210 a lubricator 20 which provides a fluid tight seal aroundthe umbilical cable 18.
The configuration shown allows production of oiland/or gas to continue via’the inflow régions 14 and thesecond vertical wellbore 5 towards the second wellhead 2as illustrated by the black areas in the well System andarrows 21 while the equipment carrier tool 17 and theequipment carried thereby is moved via the firstwellhead 1 into, through and from the well System.
The service equipment carried by the carrier tool 17may consist of logging, cleaning, maintenance, inspectiondrilling and/or other equipment which can be useddownhole over prolonged periods while production via thesecond wellhead 2 continues. The equipment can be usedboth during well completion and production operations,for example for well inspection and maintenance, production monitoring (including well logging) and wellinflow control, transportation of components into andfrom the well System, deployment of sensors and for theassembly and disassembly of downhole equipment.
The tool 17 may be equipped with wheels or otherpropulsion means (not shown) and a nose section whichcomprises an expandable seal and which is secured to thetool body as an axially slidable plunger so that the toolcan propel itself forward as a kind of inchworm into awellsection which has not yet been isolated by a valve orother flow stopper.
Furthermore the carrier tool 17 may itself be used toinstall or set valves 16 or sealing plugs at branchpoints or other locations where a temporary or permanentflow interruption is required.
If access to the well System via the second well-head 2 is needed, for example if service or otheroperations are to be carried out in the wellbranches 11,the tool may be lowered into the well System by mounting 7 011210 the drum 19 and lubricator 20 on top of the secondwellhead 2.
In such case production from the lower horizontalwellbore 7 and the wellbranches 8 and 9 may continue viathe first wellhead 1.
It will be understood that instead of using anumbilical 18 for power supply to and data transmissionfrom and to the tool 17 and the equipment carried therebythe tool may contain its own power supply and a wirelessdata transmission link.
Furthermore, power and or data transmission may befacilitated by transmitting an electromagnetic field viathe well tubing or casing or a conductor which ispermanently embedded in the well and by providing thetool 17 with an inductive coupler which serves as amovable electrical contact. The absence of an umbilical 18 would cbviate the need for the reelingdrum 19 and lubricator 20 and in such case the tool 17can be inserted into the well System by sluices (notshown) in the wellheads 1 and 2.
In order to avoid the use of an umbilical cable 18and/or frequent insertion of the tool 17 into the wellSystem and removal therefrom the well System may beprovided with a sériés of downhole base points (notshown). Such downhole base points may be formed by areaswhere the wellbore and/or production tubing inside thewellbore has an enlarged diameter or side pocket whichserves as a dock-in station for the tool 17 and/or theequipment carried thereby during periods when they arenot in use.
The downhole base point may be provided withdedicated links for power and communication to thesurface 3. If the tool 17 and equipment are powered bybatteries, the batteries can be rechanged at the basepoint or points. If the tool 17 and/or equipment comprise 011210 sensors and a memory for storing data gathered then thedata thus gathered can be unloaded at a base point andtransmitted to data processing equipment at the surface.In such case the tool 17 itself may be used to as ashuttle that reloads batteries of permanently installedsensors or other equipment in the vicinity of a basepoint and to unload data collected thereby andsequentially transmit such data to the surface.Furthermore the batteries of the tool itself may be usedto provide power downhole, for example to set a valve orto actuate a drilling or other device.
The use of the method and well System according tothe invention is not limited to a well System with twowellheads 1 and 2 where production via one of the well-heads 2 can be continued whilst service operations arecarried out via the other wellhead 1. The well System mayalso comprise three or more wellheads and only one of thewellheads may be equipped with launch and sluice meansfor launching equipment into the well System. Thiswellhead may for example be located at the deck of anoffshore platform and be a dedicated entry point forlaunching equipment into the well System and formanipulating the equipment downhole, whilst no oil and/orgas is produced via this entry point during normaloperations. The other wellheads of such a well Systemcould be arranged subsea and produce oil and/or gastowards production facilities at the platform.' In suchcase Chemicals, steam or other injection fluids may beinjected into the well System via the equipment entrypoint and in case processing facilities at the platformare occasionally overloaded or out of service oil and/orgas could be reinjected into the well System via theequipment entry point. If a tool 17 is to be insertedinto a subsea wellhead this may be accomplished by usingan underwater vehicle. 9 01 1210
It will also be understood that the well System canbe developed in phases. The well System shown in thedrawing may initially be developed by drilling the secondvertical well-bore 5 and the lower horizontal wellbore 7.
On the basis of downhole réservoir imaging techniquescarried out from the already drilled wellbores 5 and 7the upper horizontal wellbore and wellbranches 10 and 11are drilled accurately into the réservoir formation(s).
Subsequently production of oil and/or gas is startedvia the second wellhead 2 and accurate production andréservoir data can be collected. After evaluating thesedata the first wellbore 4 is drilled and linked to thehorizontal wellbores 6 and 7 such that these sectionsprovide a downhole corridor between the verticalwellbores 4 and 5 through which equipment can be moved.
Then it is possible to further expand the wellsystemby drilling and completing the wellbranches 8 and 9whilst production of oil or gas continues via the secondwellhead 2.
Subséquent to commencing oil or gas production viaboth wellheads 1 and 2 the wellsystem can be furtherexpanded by using re-entry drilling techniques where theequipment is moved into and from the wellsystem via oneof the wellheads 1 or 2 whilst production via the otherwellhead 1 or 2 continues.
Thus production constraints can be removedcontinuously and the flow performance of the wells can beoptimized at any time. Development flexibility may alsobe improved by connecting one well with spare verticalflow capacity to the production face of an adjacent wellwhere production is restricted by vertical flow constraints.
Furthermore, the wellheads need not to be spaced apart as illustrated in the drawing. The well System may also comprise a pair of parallel or co-axial tubings in a 10 011210 single vertical well, which tubings are interconnecteddownhole via a wellbore that forms a closed loop from andtowards the vertical well. If in such case the well isequipped with co-axial tubings it may generally be 5 désirable to use the inner tubing for the transport of the carrier tool and/or other equipment into and from thewell System and to use the surrounding tubing or tubingsfor the production of oil and/or gas.
These and other features, objects and advantages of10 the method and system according to the présent invention will become apparent from and/or are further disclosed inthe accompanying daims, abstract and drawing.
Claims (10)
- TS 6080 PCT - il - 011210 C L A I M S1. A method for using equipment in a well System for theproduction of hydrocarbon fluids, which well Systemcomprises a plurality of entrance points at or near theearth surface and a System of one or more undergroundwellbores which provide a subsurface connection betweensaid entrance points, characterized in that the methodcomprises moving drilling, service, maintenance and/ormonitoring equipment into, through and/or from the wellSystem via a first of said entrance points and thatproduction of hydrocarbon fluids takes place via anotherentrance point during at least part of the period thatthe equipment is moved and/or actuated to performdownhole drilling, service, maintenance and/or monitoringoperations in the well System.
- 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said first and anyother entrance points are weilheads of hydrocarbon fluidproduction wells and the production of hydrocarbon fluidsvia the wellhead that forms the first of said entrancepoints is interrupted or minimized by arranging theequipment between the first of said entrance points and adownhole seal which prevents or reduces flow of hydrocarbon fluids from the well system towards the firstof said weilheads during at least part of the period thatthe equipment is actuated within and/or moved .-into,through and/or from the well system.
- 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the equipment is movedthrough the well system by carrier means which areconnected to surface power supply and/or controlfacilities via an electrical, fibre optical hydraulic, orother umbilical conduit which passes through the first ofsaid entrance points. 12 011210
- 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the carrier means areprovided with plugging equipment which temporarilyprovides a plug which blocks or reduces flow of fluidsfrom the well system towards the first of said entrancepoints during at least part of the period that thecarrier means and/or other equipment are actuated in ormoved into, through or from the well System.
- 5. A well system for production of hydrocarbon fluidswhich comprises a plurality of entrance points at or nearthe earth surface and a system of underground wellboreswhich provides a subsurface connection between saidentrance points, wherein equipment is movably arranged inthe well system, characterized in that the equipmentconsists of drilling, service, maintenance and/ormonitoring equipment which can be actuated downholeand/or which can be inserted and/or removed from the wellsystem via a first of said entrance points whilstproduction of hydrocarbon fluids takes place via anotherentrance point.
- 6. The well system of claim 5, wherein the entrancepoints are mutually spaced and the system of undergroundwellbores comprises at least one latéral wellbore whichprovides a subsurface connection between at least twoentrance points through which equipment can be moved anda number of wellbranches which are connected to thelatéral wellbore.
- 7. .The well System of claim 6, wherein the Systemcomprises a number of downhole base points in whichequipment and/or carrier means can be docked whileproduction of hydrocarbon fluids via the well systemtakes place and in which battery packs of the equipmentand/or carrier means can be reloaded and data gathered bythe equipment and/or carrier means can be unloaded andtransmitted to data processing equipment at the earthsurface. 13 011210
- 8. The well System of claim 5, wherein the equipment isarrangée! between the first of said entrance points and adownhole fluid seal which prevents or reduces flow ofhydrocarbon fluids towards the first of said entrancepoints.
- 9. A method for the phased development of a well Systemaccording to claim 5, the method comprising drilling andcompleting a hydrocarbon fluid production well via a wellentrance point at or near the earth surface and initiating the production of hydrocarbon fluids via thatentrance point; and subsequently drilling another wellvia another entrance point at or near the earth surfacesuch that the wellbores of the wellbores of the wellsintersect and form a subsurface corridor via whichdrilling equipment can be moved, wherein production ofhydrocarbon fluids via the already completed wellcontinues during at least part of the period that theother well is being drilled and/or completed.
- 10. The method of claim 9, wherein one or more wellbranches are drilled from the well System using drillingequipment which is inserted into, operated in and/orremoved from the well System via a first entrance pointwhilst production of hydrocarbon fluids takes place viaanother entrance point.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP97201266A EP0875661A1 (en) | 1997-04-28 | 1997-04-28 | Method for moving equipment in a well system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| OA11210A true OA11210A (en) | 2003-07-18 |
Family
ID=8228268
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| OA9900237A OA11210A (en) | 1997-04-28 | 1999-10-28 | Using equipment in a well system |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (2) | EP0875661A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1091833C (en) |
| AR (1) | AR012500A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU730212B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2285476C (en) |
| EA (1) | EA000922B1 (en) |
| EG (1) | EG21404A (en) |
| ID (1) | ID22927A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO995247L (en) |
| OA (1) | OA11210A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1998049424A1 (en) |
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| US6454000B1 (en) | 1999-11-19 | 2002-09-24 | Cdx Gas, Llc | Cavity well positioning system and method |
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| US5246273A (en) * | 1991-05-13 | 1993-09-21 | Rosar Edward C | Method and apparatus for solution mining |
| CA2158637A1 (en) * | 1993-03-17 | 1994-09-29 | John North | Improvements in or relating to drilling and the extraction of fluids |
| US5450902A (en) * | 1993-05-14 | 1995-09-19 | Matthews; Cameron M. | Method and apparatus for producing and drilling a well |
| AU4819797A (en) * | 1996-10-08 | 1998-05-05 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | A method of forming and servicing wellbores from a main wellbore |
-
1997
- 1997-04-28 EP EP97201266A patent/EP0875661A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1998
- 1998-04-18 EG EG41998A patent/EG21404A/en active
- 1998-04-24 AR ARP980101900 patent/AR012500A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-04-27 ID IDW991280A patent/ID22927A/en unknown
- 1998-04-27 WO PCT/EP1998/002578 patent/WO1998049424A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-04-27 CA CA002285476A patent/CA2285476C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-04-27 EA EA199900978A patent/EA000922B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-04-27 CN CN98804394A patent/CN1091833C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-04-27 AU AU77607/98A patent/AU730212B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-04-27 EP EP98925514A patent/EP0980463A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-10-27 NO NO995247A patent/NO995247L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-10-28 OA OA9900237A patent/OA11210A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ID22927A (en) | 1999-12-16 |
| NO995247D0 (en) | 1999-10-27 |
| EA199900978A1 (en) | 2000-06-26 |
| EA000922B1 (en) | 2000-06-26 |
| EG21404A (en) | 2001-10-31 |
| CA2285476C (en) | 2006-11-21 |
| CN1091833C (en) | 2002-10-02 |
| WO1998049424A1 (en) | 1998-11-05 |
| NO995247L (en) | 1999-11-17 |
| AR012500A1 (en) | 2000-10-18 |
| CA2285476A1 (en) | 1998-11-05 |
| CN1252851A (en) | 2000-05-10 |
| EP0875661A1 (en) | 1998-11-04 |
| AU730212B2 (en) | 2001-03-01 |
| AU7760798A (en) | 1998-11-24 |
| EP0980463A1 (en) | 2000-02-23 |
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