NZ758849A - Drenching platform or system, consumables thereof and related aspects - Google Patents
Drenching platform or system, consumables thereof and related aspectsInfo
- Publication number
- NZ758849A NZ758849A NZ758849A NZ75884909A NZ758849A NZ 758849 A NZ758849 A NZ 758849A NZ 758849 A NZ758849 A NZ 758849A NZ 75884909 A NZ75884909 A NZ 75884909A NZ 758849 A NZ758849 A NZ 758849A
- Authority
- NZ
- New Zealand
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- anthelmintic
- granules
- active
- liquid
- Prior art date
Links
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- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AQXXZDYPVDOQEE-MXDQRGINSA-N Pyrantel pamoate Chemical compound CN1CCCN=C1\C=C\C1=CC=CS1.C1=CC=C2C(CC=3C4=CC=CC=C4C=C(C=3O)C(=O)O)=C(O)C(C(O)=O)=CC2=C1 AQXXZDYPVDOQEE-MXDQRGINSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ICKMASVVMCGZLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-[(4-chlorophenyl)carbamoyl]-4,6-diiodophenyl] acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1=C(I)C=C(I)C=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 ICKMASVVMCGZLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- WPNHOHPRXXCPRA-TVXIRPTOSA-N eprinomectin Chemical compound O1[C@@H](C)[C@@H](NC(C)=O)[C@H](OC)C[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@@H](OC)C[C@H](O[C@@H]2C(=C/C[C@@H]3C[C@@H](C[C@@]4(O3)C=C[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(C)C)O4)OC(=O)[C@@H]3C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]4OC\C([C@@]34O)=C\C=C/[C@@H]2C)\C)O[C@H]1C WPNHOHPRXXCPRA-TVXIRPTOSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 description 2
- ACGUYXCXAPNIKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexachlorophene Chemical compound OC1=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1CC1=C(O)C(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C1Cl ACGUYXCXAPNIKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 235000020786 mineral supplement Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XULACPAEUUWKFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N niclofolan Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C(O)=C1C1=CC(Cl)=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1O XULACPAEUUWKFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229950003126 oxyclozanide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- JYWIYHUXVMAGLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxyclozanide Chemical compound OC1=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C=C1NC(=O)C1=C(O)C(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C1Cl JYWIYHUXVMAGLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002085 persistent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 2
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- FYGDTMLNYKFZSV-URKRLVJHSA-N (2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-2-[(2r,4r,5r,6s)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2r,4r,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1OC1[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](OC2[C@H](O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O FYGDTMLNYKFZSV-URKRLVJHSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000011339 Manilkara zapota Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JMPFSEBWVLAJKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-{5-chloro-4-[(4-chlorophenyl)(cyano)methyl]-2-methylphenyl}-2-hydroxy-3,5-diiodobenzamide Chemical compound ClC=1C=C(NC(=O)C=2C(=C(I)C=C(I)C=2)O)C(C)=CC=1C(C#N)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 JMPFSEBWVLAJKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- NRFGEDASJHBPPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-bromo-6-[(4-bromophenyl)carbamothioyl]-4-chlorophenyl] acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1=C(Br)C=C(Cl)C=C1C(=S)NC1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 NRFGEDASJHBPPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005030 aluminium foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- YTLQFZVCLXFFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N bendazol Chemical compound N=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 YTLQFZVCLXFFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- CPEUVMUXAHMANV-UHFFFAOYSA-N flubendazole Chemical compound C1=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 CPEUVMUXAHMANV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Landscapes
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Abstract
The disclosure relates to anthelmintic compositions in the form of a stable granule comprising: (a) levamisole HCL; (b) an anthelmintic active selected from (i) one or more imidazothiazoles, (ii) one or more benzimidazoles selected from oxfendazole, albendazole or fenbendazole, (iii) one or more macrocyclic lactones selected from avermectin, ivermectin and abamectin, and (iv) praziquantel; (c) a wetting agent; and (d) a suspending agent if the anthelmintic actives comprise a benzimidazole or praziquantel; and the stable granule being readily dispersible in water to provide a homogenous mixture of the anthelmintic actives for administration to a non-human mammal.
Description
GRANULATED ANTHELMINTIC PREPARATIONS AND DELIVERY SYSTEMS
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to beneficial granules suitable as a platform technology for
providing anthelmintic agents to animals.
More particularly the t invention relates to anthelmintic granules, kits involving
packs of granules, methods of treating an animal using such granules, and methods of
stering at least one anthelmintic active.
BACKGROUND
In the US Patent 6013636 Ashmont Holdings Limited report in respect of ML
mintic actives including, but not limited to, the avermectins, ivermectin, doramectin,
abamectin, milbemycin and moxidectin that they are difficult to formulate. There they report for
injectable solutions, pour-on compositions and oral compositions formulations requiring not
only a vegetable oil (such as soya bean oil, sesame oil and corn oil) but also a co-solvent which is
an alcohol of 4 or more carbon atoms (eg benzyl alcohol).
In WO 98/06407 (PCT/NZ97/00096) Ashmont Holdings Limited rely on an organic
solvent able to dissolve both praziquanel and at least one ML anthelmintic as a pathway to a
mixed phase packaged composition for direct oral administration to warm-blooded non-human
s. Most examples at manufacture include an aqueous phase and a solvent phase. An
example of a drench form without water has N-MethylPyrrolidone present as a solvent.
WO 98/06407 reports a eous injectable solution of abamectin and praziquantel
used as manufactured (ie without r dilution).
formulation capable of stably including avermectins or ycins together with levamisole.
In stating a claim to stability they refer to formulations having to be “stable” to be of
commercial use. They report a commercially able anthelmintic formulation as one which is
“stable” at room ature for a period of at least 6 months.
t reports the great ulty in formulating such a combination product in order
to achieve the required stability.
They also address the issue of the content of New d patent specification 336139
of Nufarm pointing to the attempt to formulate a combination avermectin/milbemycin and
levamisole product reliant upon emulsion technology.
Ashmont in order to achieve their aim in maintaining stability of the avermectins
and/or milbemycins in the presence of levamisole indicate they have found it ary to
88485556_2.doc
88485556.2
dissolve the actives in a pyrrolidone t, most preferably N-methyl pyrrolidone or 2-
pyrrolidone.
Bomac in WO2008/072985 () report a storage stable pour on
veterinary formulation of an ML nd (optionally also with another active) in at least one
glyceryl acetate solvent (optionally with co-solvents).
We believe on farm dilution allows stable liquid formulations of ML actives to be made
available and for customisation at dilution prior to stration. At the time of such dilution
other components can be added and with the relatively brief time between dilution and
administration stability becomes less of an issue. nly extended shelf life of an ML/BZ,
ML/LEV and/or ML/BZ/LEV formulation can be rendered irrelevant while at the same time
ing maximisation of customisation.
It may be a r or alternative object to provide for fine ML particles or a ML
present in a micro-emulsion in a final (and preferably customised) formulation including targeted
on farm diluents(s) (whether water, aqueous, non-aqueous or other) having substantial
homogeneity of particle spread and/or active spread.
It may still be a further or ative object of the invention to provide a low volume
liquid concentrate of at least one ML mintic active stable in that form for a satisfactory
manufacture/supplier chain/user storage shelf life without ntial loss of ML and/or
significant reduction in its dilutability.
It may be a further or alternative object to provide a liquid concentrate of an ML able to
be added to levamisole and/or a benzimidazole in water or an aqueous composition or a nonaqueous
composition on farm just prior to administration.
It may be a further or ative object to provide at least substantially (and preferably)
pyrrolidone free and/or glyceryl acetate free formulations of at least one ML active.
SUMMARY
According to a first aspect, the present disclosure may broadly provide an anthelmintic
composition in the form of stable granules comprising two or more different anthelmintic s
selected from one or more imidazothiazoles, one or more benzimidazoles, one or more
macrocyclic lactones, praziquantel, wherein the composition comprises at least levamisole HCI
and a macrocyclic lactone as the anthelmintic actives, n the granules further comprise a
suspending agent or rheology modifier and wherein the ding agent or rheology modifier is
a gum, and n the granules further comprise a wetting agent and a dispersant and wherein
the granules are readily dispersible in water to provide a homogenous mixture of the anthelmintic
actives for administration to a non-human mammal.
A composition comprising sole HCL, a benzimidazole and a macrocyclic lactone.
88485556_2.doc
88485556.2
The macrocyclic lactone is selected from avermectin, ivermectin and abamectin.
The benzimidazole is selected from oxfendazole, albendazole or fenbendazole.
A composition comprising a particulate source of one or more minerals.
The wetting agent is polysorbate 80.
The dispersant is colloidal silicon dioxide.
The es comprise 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65 or 70% w/w of the anthelmintic
actives.
The granules comprise .less than 3, 2, or 1% w/w water.
The granules are free of pyrrolidones.
A composition comprising about 1 to about 40% w/ w benzimidazole,
a suspending agent, and about 1 to about 70% w/ w levamisole HCL and comprising 1,5,
, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 or 40% w/w yclic lactone.
The granules comprise 0.1 to 10% macrocyclic lactone.
The gum is a xanthan gum.
According to another aspect, the present disclosure may broadly provide a method of
forming an anthelmintic composition comprising the steps of: ing two or more
anthelmintic actives selected from one or more othiazoles, one or more idazoles,
one or more macrocyclic lactones, and praziquantel, wherein the two or more provided
anthelmintic actives comprise at least levamisole HCL and a macrocyclic lactone, ing a
wetting agent, mixing the macrocylic lactone with a suspending agent, combining the
anthelmintic actives, and granulating the anthelmintic actives, wherein a stabilising agent is
combined with the anthelmintic actives prior to granulation and wherein the stabilising agent is a
gum and n the granules comprise a suspending agent or rheology modifier, n the
suspending agent or rheology modifier is a gum and wherein the es comprise an anionic
surfactant or g agent and wherein the granules comprise a dispersant.
The granules r comprise a particulate source of one or more minerals.
The wetting agent is polysorbate 80.
The dispersant is colloidal silicon e.
The granules comprise 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65 or 70% w/w of the anthelmintic
actives.
The gum is a xanthan gum.
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In one embodiment the method further ses a step before the providing step of
determining the ent needs of one or more animals. Determination of the treatment needs
of one or more animals can be carried out by a skilled worker with regard to that skill and the
teaching of this specification.
In one embodiment the method further comprises administering the liquid to one or
more animals. In another embodiment the method further comprises immediately administering
the liquid to one or more s.
Another aspect of the invention relates to a method of forming an anthelmintic
composition sing the steps of:
providing an imidazothiazole,
providing one or more anthelmintic actives selected from benzimidazoles and
macrocyclic lactones,
ing a suspending agent if the one or more anthelmintic active comprises a
macrocyclic lactone
providing a wetting agent if the one or more anthelmintic active comprises a
benzimidazole
mixing the macrocylic lactone with the suspending agent if a macrocylic lactone is
present,
mixing the idazole with the wetting agent if a benzimidazole is present,
ing the anthelmintic actives, and
granulating the mixture of mintic actives.
The following embodiments may relate to any of the above aspects.
In some embodiments the imidazothiazole is levamisole HCL.
In some embodiments the composition comprises levamisole and a macrocyclic lactone.
In some embodiments the composition comprises levamisole and a benzimidazole.
In some embodiments the comprises levamisole, a benzimidazole and a macrocyclic
lactone.
In some ments the composition comprises a particulate source of one or more
ls. Unless where specifically stated, reference to minerals in this specification should be
taken to be nce to any minerals required by the non-human animal to be treated, including
but not limited to selenium, cobalt, magnesium, zinc, iodine and any ation of any two or
more thereof.
In some embodiments the granules comprises a suspending agent.
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In some ments the es comprises a gum. Gums that may be useful in any
embodiment described herein include but are not limited to agar, alginic acid, alginate, sodium
alginate, carrageenan, arabic, ghatti, tragacanth, karaya, guar, locust bean, beta-glucan, chicle,
dammar, glucomannan, mastic, psyllium seed husk, spruce, tara, gellan, and xanthan gums and
any combination of any two or more thereof.
In some embodiments the granules comprises an anionic surfactant.
In some embodiments the granules comprise about 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65,
70, 75, 80, 85, 90 or 95% w/w of anthelmintic active.
In various ments, a composition useful herein may comprise about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98
or 99 % w/w of one or more anthelmintic actives useful herein and useful ranges may be selected
between any of these values (for e, about 1 to about 10, about 1 to about 20, about 1 to
about 30, about 1 to about 40, about 1 to about 50, about 1 to about 60, about 1 to about 70,
about 1 to about 80, about 1 to about 90, about 10 to about 20, about 10 to about 30, about 10 to
about 40, about 10 to about 50, about 10 to about 60, about 10 to about 70, about 10 to about
80, about 10 to about 90, about 20 to about 30, about 20 to about 40, about 20 to about 50,
about 20 to about 60, about 20 to about 70, about 20 to about 80, about 20 to about 90, about 30
to about 40, about 30 to about 50, about 30 to about 60, about 30 to about 70, about 30 to about
80, about 30 to about 90, about 40 to about 50, about 40 to about 60, about 40 to about 70,
about 40 to about 80, about 40 to about 90, about 50 to about 60, about 50 to about 70, about 50
to about 80, about 50 to about 90, about 50 to about 60, about 50 to about 70, about 50 to about
80, about 50 to about 90, about 60 to about 70, about 60 to about 80, about 60 to about 90,
about 70 to about 80, or about 70 to about 90). It should be understood that these values and
ranges may relate to one anthelmintic active or a combination of anthelmintic actives. For
example, a composition useful herein may comprise one, two, three or more anthelmintic actives
and these values and ranges may relate to each active individually or to the combination of
actives. Formulation of a particular combination of two or more actives can be carried out by a
skilled worker with regard to that skill and the teaching of this specification.
In some embodiments the granule comprises less than 3, 2, 1% w/w water.
In some embodiments the granules are free or at least substantially free of pyrrolidones.
In some ments the composition comprises
from about 1 to about 40% w/w idazole, and
from about 1 to about 70% w/w levamisole HCL.
In some embodiments the composition comprises 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 or 40% w/w
macrocyclic lactone.
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In some embodiments the granules se a particulate thixotrope, particulate rheology
modifier and/or gum.
In some embodiments the granules n a suspending agent.
In some embodiments the suspending agent is added to the liquid.
In some embodiments the suspending agent is a gum.
In some embodiments the suspending agent of (a)(i) is a non-colloidal agent.
In some embodiments the non-colloidal agent is silicon e.
In some embodiments the liquid is water.
In some embodiments the liquid is an anthelmintic concentrate.
In some embodiments the liquid contains avermectin and/or milbemycin in a liquid
concentrate form.
In some embodiments the liquid delivery formulation is suitable for administration to
animals for up to one month after mixing.
In some embodiments the granules comprise
from about 1 to about 40% w/w benzimidazole, and
from about 1 to about 60% w/w levamisole HCL.
Preferably the diluents is water or an aqueous composition.
ably xanthan gum is the or a thixotrope and/or suspending agent for a particulate
BZ in the delivery liquid composition.
Preferably granules of at least one BZ and also containing LEV provide for a ulate
BZ presence in the delivery liquid composition.
In an aspect the invention is a diagnosis of the anthelmintic needs of a herd of warmblooded
non-human animals and the provision of a corresponding kit of (ii) and/or (iii) type
packs for use in a method as aforesaid.
In another aspect the invention is a use of one or more pack of granules and/or a liquid
trate to provide for one or more of LEV, BZ and/or ML s in a delivery liquid
composition.
The present invention includes the use of dilutable powders, ble granules, and
dilutable liquid concentrate(s) and/or semisolid concentrates to provide a multiactive
anthelmintic formulation capable of oral, spray and/or l delivery.
Preferably the es at least in respect of one anthelmintic active result from a
fluidised bed granulation of anthelmintic particles.
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Various aspects of the present invention will now be described but not exclusively of
other aspects as will be apparent from process flow ms, use diagrams and other aspects
disclosed herein.
Optionally another anthelmintic (e.g. uantel) can be present in a granule, powder or
liquid of the system.
Various anthelmintic actives have been considered for use in granules of the present
invention. These e at least, by way of example,
benzimidazoles such as oxfendazole, albendazole, fenbendazole, mebendazole,
dazole, oxibendazole, bendazole, netobimin, thiabendazole, and febantel,
salicylanilide such as closantal, nide, clioxanide, niclosamide, oxyclozanide,
rafoxanide, bithionol, disophenol, hexachlorophene, nitroxynil, diamfenetid, and
niclofolan menichlophola,
imidazothiazoles such as levamisole HCL, levamisole base, pyrantel pamoate,
butamisole, and tetramisol, and
macrocyclic lactones such as abamectin, avermectin, moxidectin, doramectin,
ctin, emamectin, eprinomectin, selamectin, milbemycin, and cydectin.
A preferment is both granules and powder(s) rather than just es alone.
Preferably at least one benzimidazole is present in each granule.
Preferably a levamisole is present in each granule or some granule(s).
The other inclusion preferably include a gum as a athixotrope.
Preferably a gum is present as a suspending agent for at least the benzimidazole content
y, when diluted, there will be substantial homogeneity of the resultant suspension.
Preferably the anthelmintic agent(s) of each granule accounts for at least about 30% w/w
(more ably at least about 40% w/w) (still more preferably at least about 50% w/w) (and most
preferably from about 40% w/w to about 70% w/w) of the granule weight.
Preferably the granules have less than about 3% w/ w (more preferably less than about 2%
w) of water.
ably the granules are free or at least substantially free of water.
Preferably the granules are free or at least substantially free of pyrrolidones.
Preferably a non-aqueous liquid is present in the anthelmintic granules in the range up to
about 20% w/w of the granule (preferably at least about 10% w/w).
Most preferably some water is present and some non-aqueous liquid is present in the
anthelmintic es.
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Preferably any alcohol (e.g. benzyl alcohol) is present in an amount less than that needed
to dissolve all of any anthelmintic active present.
Whilst they can be prepared by any granulation technique (e.g. single pot granulation,
fluid bed top spray granulation, high sheer ation/fluid bed drying combination, continuous
fluid bed granulation, spray drying, etc), preferably the granules, at least in respect of one
anthelmintic active, result from a fluidised bed granulation reliant on spraying of a solids stream
that includes the anthelmintic les. At time we may choose to use dry compaction (dry
granulation) and wet extrusion followed by drying and sizing.
By way of example only a preferred double anthelmintic active granule can have:
QUANTITY ONALITY A PREFERENCE
to 40% w/w a benzimidazole azole or albendazole
about 15 to about 25% w/w
to 60% w/w levamisole HCI about 30 to about 40% w/w
A suitable levamisole is levamisole HCl.
Suitable benzimidazole(s) include those sparingly soluble in water.
Examples include oxfendazole, azole, fenbendazole, mebendazole, flubendazole,
oxibendazole, triclabendazole, netobimin, thiabendazole, febantel, etc.
Most preferably the BZ is oxfendazole, albendazole or fenbendazole.
Praziquantel might also be included in granule(s) powder(s).
Preferably a benzimidazole active ingredient is dable.
Preferably the suspendable anthelmintic particles are no larger than those of that
anthelmintic actives starting material particles.
ably a levamisole active ingredient is present.
ally granulation involves one or more sprays of a solids stream on a fluidised bed.
A spray may e a liquid antifoaming agent and/or minerals and/or vitamins.
A spray may involved a liquid in which the benzimidazole is more soluble than it is in
water but in insufficient quantity to fully dissolve the benzimidazole starting material(s).
A spray may involve a ML mycin).
In another aspect the ion is a dosage system for orally dosing animals with at least
one beneficial agent (preferably at least one anthelmintic active), said system requiring
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(a) one or more packs of granules of the beneficial agent(s) of the present invention,
(i) a drenching device and a mixing container, or
(ii) a drenching device having a mixing reservoir,
when one or other, or both, (A) and/or (B) is in physical association with instructions
whereby use of
(a) the one or more packs
(b) a said mixing container or said mixing reservoir with water or a aqueous carrier as
instructed in, and
(c) the ing device for its fixed dosage s or a calibratable variable dosage
will deliver, in use, an effective amount of the beneficial agent(s) to each drenched target
In another aspect the invention is a dosage system for orally dosing animals with plural
anthelmintic actives, said system comprising or including
(a) one or more packs of granules of at least one anthelmintic active of the present
invention, and
(b) at least one container with an avermectin and/or milbemycin active in a liquid
concentrate form
(i) a drenching device and a mixing container, or
(ii) a drenching device having a mixing reservoir,
when one or more of (A), (B) and/or (C) is in physical association with instructions
whereby use of
(a) all of one or more pack content(s),
(b) all of one or more container content(s),
(c) the mixing container or mixing reservoir with water or an aqueous carrier as
instructed, and
(d) the drenching device for its fixed dosage s or its calibratable variable
amount,
will deliver, in use, an effective amount of the plural mintic agents to each
drenched target animal.
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In another aspect the invention is the use of a pack or quantity of anthelmintic granules
to deliver a recommended dose orally per animal when d with water or other aqueous
carrier as instructed, the granules being y associable with the water or aqueous carrier.
In another aspect the invention is a method of treating an animal which comprises or
includes, in any order (A (i) to A (iv)):
(a) (i) providing or taking at least one volume of mintic granules rably of
substantial homogeneity] able to be associated (eg, by dispersion) with water or an aqueous
composition to provide a (preferably thixotropic or pseudoplastic) liquid composition containing
one or more anthelmintic actives,
(optionally (ii) ing or taking a liquid concentrate of at least one avermectin and/or
at least one milbemycin),
(iii) providing or taking a volume of water and/or an aqueous composition, and
(iv) providing or taking apparatus able to administer a (preferably thixotropic) liquid
composition to such an animal; and
(b) associating in any order (i) and (iii) or (i), (ii) and (iii), whether in the apparatus of
A(iv) or not; and
(c) using the apparatus of A(iv) to administer the (preferably thixotropic or
plastic) aqueous ition resulting from (B) to such an animal.
In another aspect the invention is a method of administering a mix of anthelmintic
actives to an animal which comprises
(1) preparing an aqueous delivery composition
(a) from a dry granular composition of at least one anthelmintic active of the
present invention, or
(b) from both a dry composition of at least one anthelmintic active of the
present invention and a liquid concentrate of at least one other anthelmintic active, and
(2) administering an effective amount of the aqueous delivery composition to the
animal.
In an aspect the invention is an on-farm preparation for administration to an animal, the
preparation being an aqueous suspension of ML anthelmintic particles derived from a non-
aqueous trate upon its aqueous dilution, the concentrate not necessarily (and preferably
not) having the ML antibiotic present in a ulate form.
Preferably a gum suspends the les, the gum being derived from the concentrate.
Preferably the administration is to be by any of the routes herein described.
In another aspect the invention is an on-farm preparation as aforesaid that includes other
components added in a substantially dry form.
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In yet another aspect the invention is an on-farm anthelmintic preparation prepared by
dilution of a concentrate in a liquid or gel form of at least one ML anthelmintic active.
Preferably the concentrate is as herein described.
Optionally the dilution is with water, an aqueous ition or a non-aqueous liquid.
In another aspect the invention is at least one pack of granules of at least one
anthelmintic active for use in an, on farm, customisation of a liquid delivery formulation of
beneficial agents to animals.
In another aspect the invention is a webcast, website, blog, flyer, brochure, datasheet or
other (substrated) material(s) providing or extolling the ability or virtue of granules (eg as defined
herein) and/or liquid concentrate(s) (eg as defined in our patent application(s) filed
simultaneously th) and/or dispensing apparatus in respect of the stration of one or
more beneficial agent (eg to a target species animal type).
Another choice of course are liquid or semisolid (eg gel) preparations (and particularly
concentrates) for a targeted diluent type. In particular, although not solely, the ion relates
to stable liquid concentrates of at least one ML active (ie, Macrocyclic Lactone anthelmintic
(s)).
We envisage a product, the whole content of which, is to be on farm diluted (eg water or
oil on) for animal administration. This we believe can maximise shelf-life and availability of
the active(s) as well as allowing isation at the dilution stage of the active(s) and cial
agents to be stered.
We believe on farm dilution allows stable liquid or semisolid formulations of ML actives
to be made available with a shelf life or at least about 6 months and for customisation at dilution
prior to administration. At the time of such dilution other components can be added and with
the vely brief time between dilution and administration stability becomes less of an issue.
Certainly extended shelf life of an ML/BZ, ML/LEV and/or ML/BZ/LEV formulation can be
rendered irrelevant while at the same time providing maximisation of customisation.
We envisage providing a contained stable anthelmintic liquid or semi solid concentrate
ed for dilution prior to animal stration, the concentrate being a solution, emulsion,
microemulsion, micronized sion, nanonised suspension, or some combination thereof;
wherein at least one ML anthelmintic is present in (i) a water miscible organic solvent
and/or (ii) an oil or organic liquid miscible type solvent;
and wherein at least one non ML anthelmintic agent and/or other beneficial
component(s) may be present;
and wherein a gum or alginate, or both, is present;
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and wherein chelating agent(s), stabilizer(s), etc may be t;
and wherein the whole concentrate content of the container of the concentrate is for
dilution prior to animal administration.
Preferably the concentrate is liquid.
Preferably the concentrate is free of pyrrolidone solvent and/or is free of glyceryl
acetate solvent.
We envisage both high gum and low gum formulations, low gum being below 5%w/w
and high gum 5% w/w (eg 5-20% w/w) Gums can be Xanthan. Alginates of different viscosity
grades may be used.
Preferably the gum provides a thixotropic mix when diluted.
Another prospect is a storage stable and contained liquid or gel ation (eg a liquid
concentrator a gelled concentrate) of at least one ML anthelmintic active for dilution in a diluent,
to provide a deliverable composition, prior to administration (orally, as a pour on and/or as a
spray or dip) to a target species of animal:
wherein the ML active(s) is at least substantially stable in its concentrate liquid or gel
environment.
The ML active(s) can be more stable in the concentrate than were it to be y
diluted with the intended diluents(s), yet is readily mixable with such a diluent prior to
administration.
Preferably the formulation is for a target diluent des a range of ts) and the
formulation is or includes:
(i) at least one ML active,
(ii) an organic solvent or organic solvents in which the ML active(s) is(are) , and
(iii) at least one suspending agent, whereby, when in the or a targeted diluents(s), the
at least one ML active, as a precipitate or as a microemulsion, will be suspended.
The ation is ideally at least almost totally non-aqueous.
Preferably where the diluent is, or is to be, water or an aqueous composition.
Preferably said solvent is water le.
In other embodiments the diluent is, or is to be, an organic vehicle such as one or more
vegetable oil (eg soya bean, sesame oil, corn oil, etc)
Preferably said solvent is vegetable oil le.
Preferably the ML active is selected from the group consisting of avermectins and
milbemycins eg more preferably is one or more of abamectin, moxidectin, doramectin,
ivermectin, tin.
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Preferably the concentrate is free of pyrrolidone solvent and/or is free of glyceryl
acetate solvent.
We also envisage a stable liquid concentrate in a container or pack and intended for
s dilution to an anthelmintic delivery or dosage form, the concentrate comprising or
ing
at least one ML anthelmintic active,
an organic solvent of the ML active(s), and
a suspending agent able to suspend the ML active(s) in the aqueous diluents(s) (even if
water rather than an aqueous composition);
and optionally a preservative;
and optionally an am agent to reduce foaming on aqueous dilutions,
and optionally a bulking agent.
Benzyl alcohol is a preferred preservative.
rbate80™ is a preferred surfactant/antifoam agent . Sodium lauryl sulphate is
another option. A molten wax may also be present.
Fumed silicon dioxide is a preferred building agent.
Preferably the concentrate is free of pyrrolidone solvent and/or is free of glyceryl acetate
solvent.
r option is a stable liquid concentrate in a container or pack and intended for non-
aqueous dilution to an anthelmintic delivery or dosage form, the concentrate sing or
including
at least one ML anthelmintic active,
an organic solvent of the ML active(s), and
a suspending agent able to suspend the ML active(s) in the non-aqueous diluents.
Preferably the solvent is one or more glycol ether, and/or one or more cyclic-ether.
A preferred solvent is glycerol formal, propylene glycol or glycerol formal and propylene
glycol. r water miscible solvent option (alone or with any other) is ine.
A particularly red solvent is glycerol formal.
A preferred suspending agent for a non-aqueous diluent (eg a vegetable oil) is as
mentioned above.
Preferably the concentrate is free of idone solvent and/or is free of glyceryl acetate
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Yet another option is a liquid trate in the form of a solution, the solution having
(a) at least one ML active
(b) at least one organic solvent in which the ML active(s) is(are) stable, and
(c) at least one gum as suspending agent, whereby in water or an aqueous
composition with which it is le for dilution, the at least one ML active, as a
precipitate, will be suspended or be dispersed (eg as in a fire emulsion) and the aqueous
suspension, dispersion or emulsion is suitable for administration to an animal orally, as a
pour-on or as a spray or dip formulation.
Microemulsions are preferred as a pour-on.
Optionally the liquid concentrate includes a glycol ether or cyclic ether as the solubilizer
and/or stabilizer, or at least one said organic solvent.
A preferred solvent is ol formal, propylene glycol or glycerol formal and propylene
glycol.
Preferably said ML active is one or more of an tin, moxidectin, doramectin,
ivermectin, emamectin etc.
Preferably said solvent is one or more glycol ether and/or cyclic ether. The solvent is
preferably glycerol formal.
Preferably the liquid concentrate includes an antifoam agent.
Preferably a preservative and a bulking agent is also present.
A preferred preservative is benzyl alcohol also able to act as a co-solvent.
A preferred bulking agent is fumed silicon dioxide.
A preferred suspending agent for a non-aqueous diluents (eg a vegetable oil) is as
ned above.
ably the concentrate is free of pyrrolidone solvent and/or is free of glyceryl acetate
solvent.
We envisage, in a container, a liquid trate being a formulation as previously
d, and ated with ctions as to dilution prior to administration to an animal.
We envisage an on-farm preparation for administration to an animal, the preparation
being an aqueous suspension of ML anthelmintic particles derived from a non-aqueous
concentrate upon its aqueous on, the concentrate not necessarily (and preferably not) having
the ML anthelmintic present in a ulate form.
Preferably a gum suspends the particles, the gum being derived from the concentrate.
Preferably the administration is to be by any of the routes herein described.
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We also envisage an on-farm preparation as aforesaid that includes other ents
added in a substantially dry form.
We also envisage an m anthelmintic preparation prepared by dilution of a
concentrate in a liquid or gel form of at least one ML anthelmintic active.
In another aspect the invention is a webcast, website, blog, flyer, brochure, datasheet or
other (substrated) materials ing or extolling the ability or virtue of granules and/or
granules and powders and/or liquid and/or semisold concentrate(s) and/or dispensing apparatus
in respect of the administration of one or more beneficial agent (e.g. to a target species animal
type).
As used herein “diluent”, “target diluents”, etc preferably (but not arily) refers to a
diluent with which a liquid content of the concentrate granule(s) is miscible.
As used herein “LEV” means a sole and “BZ” means a benzimidazole.
As used herein “semisolid” envisages gelled or other such forms, as a mass whether
le or not, able to be diluted with the target diluent type.
As used herein “on-farm” or the equivalent can mean in close time proximity for use with
the animals eg. A veterinarian may dilute a customized selection of concentrate(s), granules
and/or powder(s) for a farmer.
Reference to “animal(s)” preferably includes any suitable animal, warmblooded or not,
farmed, domestic, companion or other (ruminant or otherwise and can include fish).
Reference to “beneficial agent(s)” includes but is not restricted to trace elements and
vitamins. It can include anti-bloat agents, digestion ads, growth promotants, etc.
As used herein the term “and/or” means “and” or “or”, or both.
As used herein “(s)” following a noun means the plural and/or singular forms of the
noun.
Reference to “animal(s)” preferably es any suitable warm-blooded animal ruminant
or otherwise.
Reference to icial s)” includes but is not restricted to trace ts and
vitamins. It can include anti-bloat , digestion ads, growth promotants, etc.
The term “comprising” as used in this ication means “consisting at least in part of”.
When interpreting statements in this specification which include that term, the features, prefaced
by that term in each statement, all need to be present but other features can also be present.
Related terms such as “comprise” and “comprised” are to be interpreted in the same manner.
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It is intended that nce to a range of numbers disclosed herein (for example, 1 to 10)
also incorporates reference to all rational s within that range (for example, 1, 1.1, 2, 3, 3.9,
4, 5, 6, 6.5, 7, 8, 9 and 10) and also any range of rational numbers within that range (for example,
2 to 8, 1.5 to 5.5 and 3.1 to 4.7).
The nce in this specification to any prior publication (or information derived from
it), or to any matter which is known, is not, and should not be taken as, an acknowledgement or
ion or any form of suggestion that that prior publication (or information derived from it)
or known matter forms part of the common general dge in the field of endeavour to
which this specification relates.
The term “comprising” as used in the specification and claims means “consisting at least
in part of.” When interpreting each ent in this specification that es the term
“comprising,” features other than that or those prefaced by the term may also be present. Related
terms “comprise” and “comprises” are to be interpreted in the same manner.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE GS
The invention will now be described by way of e only and with reference to the
drawings in which:
Figure 1 is one of several flow diagrams able to produce granules as described, such a
formulation being exemplified hereafter (NB Granulation Solution 1 may or may not include a
drug, anthelmintic and/or cial agent(s)),
Figure 2 shows stability of the Example 6 formulation over time in months (M) and the
temperatures shown in (c).
Figure 3 shows the stability of a concentrate as in Example 7 in a typical package being
by way of example aluminium foil (but it could be a plastic sachet), bottle eg. HOPE or other),
Figure 4 shows the stability of a concentrate as in Example 9,
Figure 5 shows the stability of a concentrate as in Example 10, and
Figure 6 shows the stability of a concentrate of Example 11.
Figure 7 is one of several flow diagrams able to e a liquid concentrate as
described, such a formulation being exemplified, by way of example, by Example 12 hereafter,
Figure 8 shows the stability of a concentrate as in Example 12 in a typical bottle (by way
of example, a glass or plastic bottle (HDPE or other)),
Figure 9 shows the stability of a concentrate as in Example 13 in a typical container.
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The present ion recognises that for many purposes animal health products are
supplied in formulations that are greater than 80% water or other diluent.
The present ion recognises the age to be derived for many situations where
anthelmintic and/or cial agents are to be administered or self administered
(“administered”) to an animal (warmblooded or not farm animals, companion animals, fish, etc)
to e a platform that obviates the need of the provision h from manufacture to end
user of unnecessary water and/or other liquid carrier(s).
The present invention in addition or instead recognises that for some beneficial agents,
there are advantages insofar as transport, storage and inventory costs are concerned of having
beneficial agents provided in a form able to be readily associated with water or other diluent
(without a requirement of specialist mixing ent) prior to administration to an animal.
In many instances there are single or combinations of beneficial agents that
advantageously can be ined in association in at least ntially fixed proportions without
the instability sometimes encountered in liquid formulations.
By way of e, the present invention recognises how single or a combination or
combinations of anthelmintic actives can be combined into a granular product (whether in each
individual granule or in blends of different granules) advantageously (or both granules and
powder forms) with respect to the advantages discussed as well as not being significantly
detrimental to end usage and/or stability during storage. Indeed for some such formulations,
preferably in a simple or complex granular form, there are stability advantages over having one or
more of the actives in a simple liquid formulations.
Such single or combined mintic actives (granulated, granulated and powder, and/or
liquid concentrate) can be directly or indirectly associated with mineral supplements and vitamins
either in the granule itself and/or in ancillary concentrated forms to be ated with the
anthelmintic active or actives when ream (eg with the farmer) in a ry or dosage
liquid formulation.
Various anthelmintic actives have been considered for use in the platform technology of
the present invention, these include by way, of example, in granulated form benzimidazole(s)
typified by oxfendazole, albendazole, etc and levamisole(s) typified by its variations including
levamisole, base levamisole HCl or any of its salts.
Praziquantel and MLs are r possibility.
Typical of anthelmintic actives that lend themselves to a liquid concentrate are
avermectins and milbemycins (eg tin, ivermectin, etc).
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Beneficial agents considered in respect of the platform technology and related aspects of
the t ion include mineral supplements, vitamins, etc.
Target species include farmed or unfarmed s, ic or companion animals (eg
cattle, sheep, horses, deer, swine, dogs, cats, fish etc). The invention is ably for use with
target ruminants being farmed where significant quantities can be diluted for serial animal
administration. This enables on farm customisation of beneficial agents in a liquid mix
(preferably aqueous) prepared ately or soon prior to administration.
Such cial agents preferably include trace element additions (eg selenium,
magnesium, cobalt, zinc, iodine, etc) and/or vitamins or vitamin precursors.
Suitable ding agents include one or more of
- gums (such as n, guar, gellan, etc)
- fumed or colloidal silicon dioxides (eg AEROSIL R972®, AEROSIL 200 Mesh,
- THIXCIN R (a nonhydroscopic castorwax derivative of castor oil).
A most preferred suspending agent is particulate xanthan gum either in the dry mix to be
granulated by any process or in the dry mix and/or granulating fluid of a fluidised bed
granulation process.
Such beneficial agents can include or be added using anthelmintic liquid concentrate
additions.
ation of dual anthelmintic active granules and with a cobalt and um source as
r beneficial agents can be prepared as in Figure 1 which shows a fluidised bed top spray
granulation process using two sprays in series.
A solids stream of particulate benzimidazole(s) (“BZ”), a levamisole (“LEV”), a cobalt
source (“Cobalt”) and xanthan gum (“XG”) is fed to the fluidised bed.
First a granulating solution of Tween 80 and benzyl alcohol (“BA”) is sprayed. This may
or may not have any active in a fully or partially dissolved. Second a granulating solution of a
buffer and a selenium source (NaSe).
This leads then the granules being formed and dried prior to sizing and packing eg in
plastic, aluminium or like bags, containers, etc.
Suitable applicators for administering the r composition are those available from N
J Phillips Pty Limited, Instrument Supplies Ltd, Simcrotech Ltd and PrimaTech Ltd. Particularly
preferred are backpack reservoired applicators of N J Phillips Pty Limited (eg with 2.5 litre
backpack) and a variable dose capability.
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Liquid impregnated granules optionally can be one of the following:
It can be mixture of a Liquid Surfactant and a liquid preservative (e.g. Polysornate
80 and Benzyl Alcohol)
It can be a e of a Liquid surfactant/s + Solvent (usually water miscible type
but not d to e.g. glycerol formal, Propylene glycol) + Liquid or a solid
Preservative.
Usually below 10%w/w low liquid content granules and above 10%w/w is regarded as high
liquid content granules. Liquid/s are described above. Usually these liquid impregnated granules
contain a potent organic soluble drug/s e.g. Abamectin not limited to ML can be any organic
drug, beneficial chemical agent.
The drugs may be in a solubilised state or a partially solubilised state (which reduces the
particle size of the drug).
The aim of impregnating granules is to make the granules function as a liquid and as a
solid. The liquid part after coming in contact with the reconstitution medium either precipitates
the drug as a fine suspension or may form a micro-emulsion or even a coarse emulsion (i.e.
thermodynamically unstable).
on of water miscible components can lower the freezing point of the reconstituted
formulation if water is to be used as a reconstituting medium.
1. Multi-active granules
In some embodiments the invention consists in anthelmintic granules (preferably of
substantial homogeneity notwithstanding historical particles may still be st in part in the
granules) able to be associated (eg, by dispersion) with water or an aqueous composition to
provide a [preferably thixotropic or pseudoplastic] liquid composition able to be administered (eg
ically administered, or able to be self administered), to an animal or to s, the
granules being of, or d from, at least
(a) from about 1 to about 70% w/w of at least one particulate mintic active
(b) from about 0 to about 20% w/w of at least one particulate beneficial agent
(c) from about 1 to about 10% w/w of a particulate thixotrope, particulate rheology
modifier and/or gum.
In another embodiment the composition is, or is formulated as, an anthelmintic granules,
ably of substantial homogeneity notwithstanding historical particles may still be st in
part in the granules, that is able to be associated (e.g. by sion) with water or an aqueous
composition to provide a liquid composition able to be administered (e.g. mechanically
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administered, or able to be self administered), to an animal or to animals, the granules being of,
or derived from, at least
(a) from about 1 to about 20% w/w of at least one particulate anthelmintic active
(b) from about 0 to about 20% w/w of at least one ulate beneficial agent
(c) from about 1 to about 10% w/ w of a particulate thixotrope, particulate rheology
modifier and/or gum. Preferably the composition is thixotropic or pseudoplastic.
In r embodiment the ition is a ated t capable of dilution to a
delivery composition form to which other active(s) and/or beneficial s) might also have
been, be or are to be added, the product being
(a) produced substantially as herein described or analogously thereto, OR
(b) substantially as herein defined or exemplified, or analogous thereto, OR
(c) having a ed deliverable content of anthelmintic active(s) post
agglomeration or granulation from particles of at least 30% w/ w (and preferably
higher).
In another embodiment the composition is an oral dosage aqueous composition having
present one or both:
(a) at least one or two anthelmintic actives derived from a pack of granules of such
actives, and
(b) at least one anthelmintic active derived from a container of a liquid or semisolid
trate of that anthelmintic active.
Preferred anthelmintic granules include able to be ated with water or an aqueous
composition to provide a liquid composition able to be administered (mechanical administered,
or able to be self administered), to an animal or to animals, the granules being of at least
(a) from about 1 to about 30% w/w of at least one mintic active, and
(b) from about 0 to about 20% w/w of at least one beneficial agent, and
(c) Up to about 80% w/w of other ion(s).
In another embodiment the composition consists in granules, or a blend of granules,
having one or more benzimidazole, a levamisole, or both, in individual granules
wherein the granules can release into diluent water or an aqueous diluent composition
(a) particles of said at least one benzimidazole, and
(b) sufficient suspending agent(s) to hold the benzimidazole particles at substantial
homogeneity.
In another embodiment the composition consists in anthelmintic granules able to be
associated with water or an aqueous composition to provide a liquid ition able to be
administered (mechanical administered or able to be self administered), to an animal or to
animals, the granules being of at least
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(a) from 1 to 30% w/w of at least one anthelmintic active,
(b) from 0 to 20% w/w of at least one beneficial agent, and
(c) up to 80% w/w of other ion(s).
In another ment the anthelmintic granules has at least both some liquid content
and anthelmintic content and having an ability of being converted for liquid carried animal
administration with a diluent.
In some embodiments the invention is, as a dilutable source of at least one anthelmintic
active, are granules of at least one anthelmintic agent (preferably two but optionally three or
more) optionally having other beneficial agent inclusions, or being in admixture with one or more
powdered and/or granulated source of other agent (e.g. anthelmintic, beneficial or ;
wherein one or more of the following applies
a benzimidazole is t,
a levamisole is present
an ML anthelmintic is present
a gum or other particle suspension agent effective upon aqueous on is
present
an at least substantially homogeneous suspension of at least one anthelmintic
agent can be created with aqueous on
an at least substantially homogeneous diluted composition can be created by non-
aqueous dilution (e.g. with a suitable oil, alcohol and/or glycol).
a particulate source of one or more mineral is present
selenium particles are present
water is absent or below 3%w/w of the granules is present in the granules
a liquid other than water of from about 5 to about 20% w/w (preferably about 10
to about 20% w/w)
an inclusion of the es has been microencapsulated
an anionic surfactant is present in the granules
the granules, or granules and other ed and/or granulated material, is
packed to a volume of from about 100 to about 600 ml (more preferably about 200 to
about 400 ml).
In some embodiments the invention is an anthelmintic granules or a blend of
anthelmintic granules to e a benzimidazole active or both a benzimidazole active and a
levamisole active, the granules having a suspending agent for at least most of the benzimidazole
content if and when ed into water or an aqueous diluent, and optionally with other
inclusions; wherein all or some of the granules have an anthelmintic active content of from about
to about 80% w/w.
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In some embodiments the invention is anthelmintic granules having an anthelmintic
content er of one or more anthelmintic actives) of at least about 30% w/ w and having been
formed by a granulation process in which one or more anthelmintic active(s) has(have) been
presented as particulate starting material(s);
wherein the granulation process has involved at least a suspending agent;
and n, upon ry dilution prior to administration to a warm-blooded animal,
the suspending agent will suspend particles of at least one granule included anthelmintic active
ingredient.
Without wishing to be tied to a theory, anthelmintic actives in a e or a mix of
anthelmintic actives in a granule, where the matrix of the granule(s) includes carrier als
(which can be other beneficial agent(s)) not ive to chemical and/or physical ility of
the anthelmintic active(s) s the within granule and/or granule to granule interface of the
different anthelmintic actives. Similarly where a pack (e.g. a sachet) might contain at least one
granule type whether with or without any other particulate content (e.g. ed anthelmintic
active, vitamins, minerals, etc).
For benzimidazole(s) and levamisole a suspending agent such as a gum can be used in the
matrix. Likewise other inclusions that can be conducive to mance post dilution with a
target or non-targeted diluent, and/or prior dilution with a targeted or rgeted diluent,
and/or to deliver other beneficial agents to the recipient(s). For example a suspending agent
suitable in a diluent that is nonaqueous such as castor oil or soya oil or other thick oil. For
example a suspending agent suitable for aqueous dilution.
In some embodiments the granules remain stable for at least one month.
In some embodiments the granules remain stable for at least 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 months.
In some embodiments the granule comprises about 25 to about 50% imidazothiazoles.
In some embodiments the granule comprises about 15 to about 50% benzimidazole.
In some ments the granule comprises about 10 to about 25% praziquantal.
In some embodiments the granule comprises about 0.10 to about 10% macrocyclic
lactone.
In some embodiments the benzimidazoles is selected form one or more of oxfendazole,
albendazole, fenbendazole, mebendazole, dazole, oxibendazole, triclabendazole, netobimin,
thiabendazole, and febantel.
In some embodiments the salicylanilide is selected form one or more of closantal,
brotianide, clioxanide, niclosamide, oxyclozanide, rafoxanide, bithionol, disophenol,
hexachlorophene, nitroxynil, netid, and niclofolan menichlophola.
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In some embodiments the imidazothiazoles is selected form one or more of levamisole
HCL, sole base, pyrantel pamoate, butamisole, and tetramisol.
In some embodiments the macrocyclic es is selected form one or more of
abamectin, avermectin, moxidectin, doramectin, ctin, emamectin, eprinomectin,
selamectin, milbemycin, and cydectin.
2. Stable liquid delivery
In some ments the invention is an agglomeration of benzimidazole and levamisole
particles without any substantial or full dissolution of either species of particle and in the
presence of a suspending agent effective
(a) upon dilution with water or an aqueous composition of ding evolved
benzimidazole les, or
(b) upon dilution with a solvent for the benzimidazole, to suspend the evolved
levamisole particles, or
(c) upon dilution with an organic liquid to suspend any evolved particles in that
organic liquid.
Preferably, if (a), the suspending agent is a gum such as n gum.
If (b) or (c), preferably an alcohol is present at dilution, or, more preferably a vegetable oil
is present at dilution.
In some embodiments the packs of granules or es and powder(s) are emptied for
dilution into a delivery system reservoir dilution to a delivery system reservoir volume. Likewise
any liquid or semisolid concentrate.
In some embodiments the invention is an mintic delivery liquid composition having
BZ particles derived from es of at least one BZ active or both at least one BZ active and a
LEV active suspended in an aqueous carrier or water, the suspension agent being at least in part
derived from the granules.
In some embodiments the composition also includes an ML active made available to the
remainder of the ry liquid composition from a liquid concentrate of the ML active.
In some embodiments the liquid concentrate has the ML active carried (at least in part) in
an organic liquid or in organic liquids.
3. Method of manufacturing a granule
In some embodiments the granules for aqueous and/or nonaqueous dilution for oral
dosing es(s), have been prepared by a process wherein:
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1. a particulate mintic agent or particulate anthelmintic agents (and optionally
one or more other particulate beneficial agent(s)) and at least one particulate suspending
agent and/or rheology modifier and/or gum is provided on a fluidised bed, and
2. one or more liquid composition(s) adding to the solids on the fluidised bed to
provide the resultant granules.
Powder type: Mix the drug/s (bulky drugs) either in a suitable mixer with other
ingredients. In some cases the mixing might be done in a high shear mixer or a ball mill. The
powders may be compacted i.e. dry granulated if flow problems arise.
Granule type: a dry mix of powders will be granulated using one or more granulating
fluids. In some cases ball milled powders may be used for granulation in a wet/dry granulator.
Hybrid type: Part of the formulation may be granulated (wet or dry) and part of it may
be mixed in a suitable mixer. Essentially it is a mix of the other two types indicated above. This
helps in avoiding full batch granulation saving on processing costs.
Other special cases: Microcapsules or pellets may be loaded to the granule platform if
need arise. Relevant processes apply under those circumstances.
Note: The choice of process will depend on the type of formulation.
ation presentation notes
The final granule or powder formulation may be sold as sachet pack/s or may be sold as
es. Kit will n items like spray guns/ e delivery s e.g. capsule gun.
Incompatible drugs may be packed separately as s.
Sachet pack (Liquid Product): Granules/powders etc discussed till now may be
sed in one or more sachets. The following are some of the options but not tive.
Capsule type: The granules/powders may be filled in hard capsules which may or may
not contain drug contain. They may include flavour enhancing chemicals.
Indeed flavor ing chemical(s) can be added to granules and/or powders of the
invention.
A typical red liquid concentrate anthelmintic particularly suitable for water or
aqueous dilution for use a deliverable drench composition or for lesser dilution for delivery as a
pour on composition can have or include:
A preference Functionality Quantity
(w/w)
Abamectin anthelmintic active 1–20%
preferably from 2–8%
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ol formal organic solvent 4–85%
ably from 20–85%
more preferably from 50–85%
n gum suspending agent, rheology 0.1–20%
modifier and/or gum preferably below 5%
preferably from 5–20%
anti-microbial agent/co-solvent 0–10%
benzyl alcohol preferably from 0.1–6%
Polysorbate 80 surfactant/ antifoam agent 0–8%
preferably 0.1–5%
Low gum formulations preferably are 5% w/w or below and high gum formulations
about 5 to about 20% w/w.
The gum can be xanthan. tes of different viscosity grades may be used as well or
instead.
Levamisole base may be added by the manufacturer or by the farmer prior to addition.
Prior to use (ie at dilution) any suitable form of levamisole (eg levamisole base, levamisole HCI,
etc) and any suitable BZ(s) can be added.
The formulation may n a gum that can gel in water for formulations to be made up
using water or it might contain thickeners that thicken in oil phase like Aerosil 200 or Thixcin R
or a combination of both for formulations intended to be reconstituted hangeably using
water or oil.
Liquid content of the concentrate can be or include water miscible solvents (eg glycerol
formal, propylene glycol, glycerine, etc). Non aqueous diluents(s) can be one or more of those or
an oil.
Drench formulations are preferably given at 1 ml per 4 kg body weight or 1 ml per 5 kg
body weight for sheep.
For cattle it is 1 ml per 10 kg body weight if a drench or 1 ml per 20 kg body weight if a
pour on. Thus a need for higher active in the pour on deliverable composition.
All these are after dilution with water or a non-aqueous diluent.
Pour-on dose volume is preferably a maximum 1 ml/20 kg in current products.
For example about 50 to 70 ml of the concentrate might be needed to make up a litre of
Abamectin drench. A greater 150 to 200 ml of the concentrate might be ed to make 1 litre
of pour on.
The ratios will vary depending upon the drug used.
An example as produced by the process of Figure 7 is that of Example 0.
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In Figure 7 there is a high shear mixer used to provide a solution of glycerol formal
(“GF”), benzyl alcohol (“BA”), Tween80™ and abamectin (“ABA”). To this is added a mix of
the xanthan gum (“XG”), colloidal or fumed n dioxide (“silica”), and the antifoam agent
(“A/foam”).
This mixture of a solution/suspension leads to a storage stable liquid concentrate in the
form of a suspension but with the ML active in solution.
4. Use of a granule
In one ment the invention is a method of co-administration of anthelmintic
actives to warm-blooded man animals which ses
(A) preparing a delivery liquid composition containing
(i) a diluent,
(ii) a liquid or semisolid concentrate of an ML active, and
(iii) (a) powdered and/or granulated material(s) having an LEV active, (b) powdered and/or
granulated al(s) having a BZ active, and/or (c) granulated material(s) having both an LEV
active and a BZ active, said delivery liquid including, as a consequence of (ii) and/or a (iii)
presence, sufficient suspending agent for at least one particulate active from (ii) and/or (iii) in the
deliver liquid composition to ensure a disperse consistency, and
(B) administering such delivery liquid composition in a dosage amount to each said animal.
In one embodiment the invention is a method of treating an animal which comprises or
includes, in any order (A (i) to A (iv)):
(A) (i) providing or taking at least one volume of anthelmintic granules [preferably of
substantial homogeneity] able to be associated (eg, by sion) with water or an aqueous
composition or with a nonaqueous liquid or liquid system to provide a (preferably thixotropic or
pseudoplastic) liquid composition ning one or more anthelmintic actives,
(optionally (ii) providing or taking a liquid concentrate of at least one avermectin and/or
at least one milbemycin),
(iii) providing or taking a volume of water and/or an aqueous composition and/or
nonaqueous liquid and/or liquid , and
(iv) ing or taking apparatus able to administer a rably thixotropic) liquid
composition to such an animal; and
(B) associating in any order (i) and (iii) or (i), (ii) and (iii), whether in the tus of
A(iv) or not; and
(C) using the tus of A(iv) to administer the (preferably thixotropic or
pseudoplastic) aqueous and/or nonaqueous composition resulting from (B) to such an animal.
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In one embodiment the invention is a method of orally treating an animal which
comprises or includes, in any order (A (i) to A (iii)):
(A) (i) providing or taking at least one volume of granules containing at least one
beneficial agent able to be dispersed into water or an aqueous composition to e a liquid
dispersion of at least substantial homogeneity,
(ii) providing or taking a volume of water and/or an aqueous composition, and
(iii) providing or taking apparatus able to administer a thixotropic liquid composition
to such an animal; and
(B) associating in any order (i) and (ii), whether in the apparatus of A(iv) or not; and
(C) using the apparatus of A(iii) to administer orally s composition ing
from (B) to such an animal.
In one embodiment the invention is a method of administering a mix of anthelmintic
s to an animal which comprises
(A) preparing an aqueous delivery composition
(i) from a dry granular composition of at least one anthelmintic active, or
(ii) from both a dry composition of at least one anthelmintic active and a liquid
concentrate of at least one other anthelmintic active, and
(B) administering an effective amount of the aqueous delivery composition to the
animal.
In one embodiment the invention is a dosage system for orally dosing animals with at
least one beneficial agent (preferably at least one anthelmintic active), said system requiring
(a) one or more packs of granules of the beneficial agent(s), and
(ii) a drenching device and a mixing container, or
(iii) a drenching device having a mixing reservoir,
when one or other, or both, (A) and/or (B) is in physical association with instructions
y use of
the one or more packs
(A) a said mixing container or said mixing reservoir with water or a aqueous carrier
and/or a nonaqueous liquid or liquid system as instructed in, and
(B) the drenching device for its fixed dosage amounts or a calibratable variable dosage
amount,
(C) will deliver, in use, an ive amount of the beneficial agent(s) to each drenched
target .
In one embodiment the invention is a dosage system for orally dosing animals with
plural anthelmintic s, said system comprising or ing
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(A) one or more packs of granules and/or granules and powder(s) of at least one
anthelmintic active, and
(B) at least one container with an avermectin and/or milbemycin active in a liquid
and/or semisolid concentrate form
(C)
(i) a drenching device and a mixing container, or
(ii) a drenching device having a mixing oir,
when one or more of (A), (B) and/or (C) is in physical association with instructions
whereby use of
(a) all of one or more pack content(s),
(b) all of one or more container content(s),
(c) the mixing container or mixing reservoir with water or a aqueous carrier and/or a
(d) eous liquid or liquid system as instructed, and
the drenching device for its fixed dosage amounts or its calibratable variable amount, will
deliver, in use, an effective amount of the plural anthelmintic agents to each ed target
animal.
The granules offer an ability to hold in storage for farm/veterinary customization
mixing/assessment of needs.
One or more packs and optionally one or more volumes of an ML liquid trate
and/or other beneficial contents can be diluted into a drench gun for animal administration.
The present invention includes the use of dilutable powders, dilutable granules, and
able liquid concentrate(s) and/or semisolid concentrates to provide a multiactive
anthelmintic formulation capable of oral, spray and/or purion delivery.
Preferably packs of es or es and powder(s) are emptied for on to a
delivery system reservoir dilution to a delivery system reservoir volume. Likewise the liquid or
semisolid concentrate(s).
As a kit packs and/or containers as modular amounts for ation or not would be
provided of granules (single , dual active, etc and optionally with trace elements and/or
vitamins) and of a liquid concentrate of at least one ML nally with additives).
Preferably packs of granules or granules and powder(s) are emptied for dilution to a
delivery system reservoir dilution to a delivery system oir volume. Likewise the liquid or
semisolid concentrate(s).
In another aspect the invention is a drench gun (or like apparatus) dosing a delivery liquid
composition as previously defined.
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Analysis or experience can allow on farm customization of each mix at dilution for animal
administration.
EXAMPLES
1. Single active powder formulations
1.1 Praziquantel
Ingredient name % (w/w)
Praziquantel 38.7
l 200 40.82
SLS (solid) or Polysorbate 80 (liq) or other
.4 (SLS)
surfactant (solid or liq)
The fill weight is about 50 g/L of formulation. The adjuvant quantities may be optimized
later. The delivery dose is 0.2 ml/kg (sheep).
In some embodiments minerals are additionally added.
Other adjuvants such as a buffer, suspending agents like xanthan gum, guar gum, or
alginates may be added.
Wet granulation may be used using electrolyte solutions, buffers, and minerals, whereby
the ingredients are sprayed on to the bulking agent.
Dual active formulations (e.g. including abamectin), may also include a wetting solution.
The g agent can be a low or high liquid ning impregnated granule.
1.2 Triclabendazole
Ingredient name % (w/w)
Triclabendazole 62.5
Aerosil 200 25
SLS (solid) or rbate 80 (liq) or other tant 12.5 (SLS)
The fill weight is about 160 g/L of formulation.
A ball milling step may be used prior to the fluidized bed system for aggregate forming
drugs.
In some embodiments if a liquid surfactant is used, such as polysorbate 80, the surfactant
remains in the granules.
Granulation can be used to add potent drugs or beneficial agents (present below 5 %) or
in general to orate very dense (i.e. denser than 1 bulk density) materials (formulation
ingredients) like metal salts where there is a perceived risk of segregation either in the es or
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in the tituted product. Granulation will also be used if a flow problem is perceived in
general or if the formulation tends to lump on storage (making it non user ly or may cause
ulty during reconstitution).
2. Dual active powder formulations (low surfactant)
2.1 Levamisole and albendazole
Ingredient name % (w/w)
Levamisole HCl 35.4
Albendazole 22.12
Cobalt EDTA 15.93
Aerosil 200 17.7
SLS (Solid) or Polysorbate 80 (Liq) or other surfactant (may be liq or solid) 8.8 (SLS)
The composition is reconstituted at 117 g/L and administered at 0.2 ml/kg.
In some embodiments a l can be added along with other adjuvants like buffers or
suspending agents like xanthan gum, guar gum, and alginates.
2.2 Levamisole and praziquantal
Ingredient name % (w/w)
Levamisole HCl 37.4
Praziquantel 17.75
Cobalt EDTA 16.8
l 200 18.7
SLS ) or Polysorbate 80 (Liq) or other surfactant (Liq or Solid) 9.35 (SLS)
The composition is reconstituted at 107 g/L and administered at 0.2 ml/kg.
2.3 Levamisole and triclabendazole
Ingredient name % (w/w)
Levamisole HCl 29
Triclabendazole 36.23
Cobalt EDTA 13.04
Aerosil 200 14.4
SLS (Solid) or Polysorbate 80 (Liq) or other surfactant 7.2 (SLS)
The composition is reconstituted at 138 g/L.
3. Dual active granule formulations (low surfactant)
3.1 Levamisole and albendazole
Ingredient name % (w/w)
Levamisole HCl 43.20
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azole 27.42
Cobalt EDTA 19.2
Xanthan Gum 3.3
Polysorbate 80 (Other surfactant) 1.6
Sodium selenate 1.32
Citric Acid 3.3
NaOH 0.625
Abamectin -------
Benzyl Alcohol -----
Colloidal Silicon dioxide -------
The composition is reconstituted at 91 g/L and administered at 0.2 ml/Kg.
This formulation is a dual active formulation comprising a low surfactant polysorbate 80
(below 10 % is less), a mineral (sodium selenate), and a bulk mineral (cobalt EDTA). In some
ments a preservative can also be added. The stability of this formulation is shown in
Figure 2.
In some embodiments ball milling is used prior to charging in to the fluidized bed system,
such as aggregate forming drugs (e.g. azole).
3.2 Levamisole and oxfendazole
Ingredient name % (w/w)
Levamisole HCl 46.65
Oxfendazole 26.42
Cobalt EDTA 20.4
Xanthan Gum 1.2
Polysorbate 80 (Other surfactant) 3
Sodium selenate 1.4
Citric Acid 0.9
NaOH 0.2
Abamectin -------
Benzyl l -----
Colloidal Silicon dioxide -------
The composition is reconstituted at 171.5 g/L. The same comments made for 3.2 apply.
The stability data for this composition is shown in Figure 3.
4. Dual active e formulation (high surfactant)
4.1 Levamisole and oxfendazole
Function Excipient Class (% Dry Wt) ient
Actives Drugs Total (57.5 %) Levamisole HCl (36.7%) &
oxfendazole (20.8)
Suspending Agent Gum (1.4 %) Xanthan Gum
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Rheology er
Anti-microbial preservative Preservative (2.8 %) Benzyl Alcohol
Wetting Agent Surfactant (13.8 %) rbate 80
pH Stabilizer Buffer (1.6 %) Citric Acid & NaOH
Adsorbent, Flow modifier, Bulking Agent (5.7 %) Colloidal SiO2
Bulking Agt; Gum & Drug
Dispersant; Disintegrating Agt
l Supplements Minerals (17.2 %) Cobalt EDTA & Na Selenate
The composition is reconstituted at 220 g/L to L) and administered at 0.1 ml/Kg. This
formulation exhibits good stability (e.g. as for the triple high surfactant example).
This formulation is a dual active formulation utilising the high surfactant polysorbate 80
(above 10 % is high), a potent mineral (sodium selenate) and a bulky l (Cobalt EDTA).
This can be used as a dual standalone.
In some embodiments ball milling is used prior to charging in to the fluidized bed system,
such as aggregate g drugs (e.g. albendazole).
In-Use suspendability
The concentration of the reconstituted granule in water was 1.1kg/5L. Oxfendazole was
chosen as a marker compound for drug suspension stability.
(Levamisole fully soluble)
Initial : 100 mg/g
2 h : At the top was 96 mg/g and at the bottom was 105.2 mg/g
4 h : At the top was 98 mg/g and at the bottom was 99 mg/g
4 days : At the top was 95.7 mg/g and at the bottom was 98 mg/g
These s demonstrated that the reconstituted suspension is physically stable up to 4
days.
In-Use Stability – Physico-Chemical
The stability of reconstituted drug product was investigated after storage at 30 and 40° C
for 1 month. It was found that there was no chemical degradation of the benzimidazole and less
than 2% degradation of Levamisole. It was onally found that there was no significant
change in the pH or ity of the reconsitituted granule formulation.
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In-Use Flow Testing
Using a standard drench gun it was found that the in-use flow testing was excellent.
The dual and triple active granule formulations are thixotropic (shear ng) with a
ity of 500–900 cP at 20° C.
Little change was observed when the formulation was combined with a liquid concentrate
of an ML active.
. Triple active granule formulations (low surfactant)
In the low surfactant methods abamectin is first micronised, precipitated and then
reconstituted and sprayed.
5.1 Levamisole, oxfendazole
Ingredient name % (w/w)
sole HCl 45.82
Oxfendazole 25.95
Cobalt EDTA 20
Xanthan Gum 1.43
Polysorbate 80 (Other tant) 2.9
Antifoam AF Emulsion 0.3
Sodium selenate 1.4
Citric Acid 0.9
NaOH 0.16
tin ** -------
Benzyl Alcohol -----
Colloidal Silicon dioxide -------
The composition is reconstituted at a concentration of 175 g/L. The stability is shown
in Figure 4.
.2 Levamisole, albendazole
Ingredient name % (w/w)
Levamisole HCl 42.4
Albendazole 26.51
Cobalt EDTA 18.6
Xanthan Gum 3.2
Polysorbate 80 (Other surfactant) 2.65
Antifoam AF Emulsion 0.53
Sodium selenate 1.27
Citric Acid 3.2
NaOH 0.6
Abamectin ** -------
Benzyl Alcohol -----
Colloidal Silicon e -------
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The composition is reconstituted at 94 g/L and stered at 0.2 ml/Kg. The stability
is shown in Figure 5.
6. Triple active granule formulations (high surfactant)
In the high surfactant methods abamectin is incorporated as a fine dispersion after
dispersal in benzyl alcohol.
6.1 Levamisole, oxfendazole and tin
Ingredient name % (w/w)
Levamisole HCl 35.42
Oxfendazole 20
Cobalt EDTA 15.5
Xanthan Gum 1.77
Polysorbate 80 (Other surfactant) 15.5
am AF Emulsion ----
Sodium selenate 1.06
Citric Acid 1.32
NaOH 0.25
Abamectin (microfine) 0.93
Benzyl Alcohol 2.66
Colloidal Silicon dioxide 5.53
The abamectin was first dissolved in glyceryl formal and polysorbate 80 e ryl
formal 88 % and polysorbate 80 3.6 %). The percentage indicates the composition ratio used,
and is not related to the formulation. The abamectin is then precipitated out in water under
agitation (Silverson).
The fine precipitated abamectin is obtained from the dispersion by centrifuging (4200
rpm for 5 min) the sion after decanting the atant layer (i.e. glyceryl formal and
polysorbate 80 is removed during centrifuging followed by decanting). The microfine abamectin
was then reconstituted quantitatively using wetting solution made up of water and polysorbate 80.
It is envisaged that the stability of labile drugs will be further improved if separate
granulation of actives occurs. For example, the contents in a sachet may be a mixture of two
es to prevent intimate contact of the labile drugs. In some embodiments the granules may
be packed in two te sachet packs.
The composition is reconstituted at 175 g/L and administered at 0.1 ml/Kg. The
stability is shown in Figure 6.
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Chemical and Physical Stability – Abamectin
When reconstituted with water, the sstability of abamectin in the reconstituted triple
active formulation was investigated after storage at 30 and 40° C for 1 month. It was ed
that abamectin had less than 2% degradation and there was no physical change in pH or
viscosity.
In-Use Flow Testing – Reconstituted Drug ts
Using a standard drench gun it was found that the in-use flow g was excellent.
The dual and triple active granule formulations are thixotropic (shear thinning) with a
viscosity of 500–900 cP at 20° C.
7. Triple active granule manufacture
A triple active e was prepared in ance with the table below.
Name of ingredient Qty per L (g) Qty % (w/w)
Levamisole HCL 80 36.4
Oxfendazole 45.3 20.6
Cobalt EDTA 35 15.9
Sodium Selenate 2.4 1.09
Abamectin 2.1 0.96
Xanthan Gum 3 1.36
Colloidal Silicon Dioxide 12.5 5.69
Polysorbate 80 30 13.64
Benzyl Alcohol 6 2.73
Citric Acid 3 1.36
Sodium Hydroxide 0.57 0.26
76.2–114.3
Water (1) -
(for ABA)
–42 ml
Water (2) -
(for mineral)
2–3 ml
Water (3) -
(to flush lines)
TOTAL 219.87 100 %
The manufacturing process for the triple granule comprises the steps of:
1. dry mixing levamisole HCL, cobalt EDTA and xanthan gum,
2. mixing oxfendazole and the aerosil in a polybag and passing it through a 0.8–1
mm sieve,
3. dissolving the abamectin in benzyl alcohol and adding polysorbate 80 to it while
under agitation,
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4. adding water to the abamectin while under agitation untill a hazy white coloured
dispersion is produced which is free from particulates culates which are
observed ly),
. loading the powders from steps 1 and 2 into the FBP bowl and mixing for five
s,
6. spraying the step 3 dispersion,
7. prepare a solution of citric acid, sodium hydroxide and sodium selenate in water,
8. spraying the step 7 solution and g the fluidised bed warm (40–55 C), and
9. drying the granules till the re content of 2–3% is achieved (KF method).
The granule produced by this method had good stability and dispersed well in water.
8. Triple Active granule efficacy study
A triple active granule was prepared in accordance with the table below.
Raw Material Percentage Batch
Levamisole Hydrochloride 35.071% w/w 526.06 g
Oxfendazole 19.859% w/w 297.88 g
Abamectin 95 % 0.969% w/w 14.54 g
Cobalt EDTA 15.343% w/w 230.15 g
Sodium Selenate 1.052% w/w 15.78 g
n Gum 1.973% w/w 29.59 g
Colloidal Silicone Dioxide 200 (CSD) 8.386% w/w 125.79 g
Benzyl l 2.630% w/w 39.45 g
rbate 80 13.152% w/w 197.27 g
Distilled Water (0 – 35% w/w) (0 – 700 g)
Citric Acid Anhydrous 1.315% w/w 19.73 g
Sodium Hydroxide 0.250% w/w 3.75 g
Distilled Water (14.667% w/w) (220 g)
Total 100% w/w 1,499.99 g
The granules were produced using the following process:
1. sodium selenate was dissolved in purified water, citric acid anhydrous and sodium
hydroxide were added to the solution and mixed well to produce the Se solution,
2. abamectin was dissolved in benzyl alcohol, polysorbate 80 was added to the
solution and mixed well, and then a le quantity of water (0–700 g) was added to the
solution and mixed well to produce the ABA solution,
3. levamisole HCL, cobalt EDTA and xanthan gun were passed through a 40-mesh
screen and mixed,
4. oxfendazole and colloidal silicon dioxide 200 were passed through a 40-mesh
screen and mixed,
. the powder mixtures of (3) and 94) were placed in glatt granulator/dryer insert,
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6. the powder mixtures of (5) were fluidized and warmed up,
7. the ABA solution was sprayed onto the powder mixtures at a variable spray rate
(20–40 g/minute) with a variable inlet air temperature (30–60° C) with suitable fluidising,
8. the Se solution was sprayed onto the powder mixtures with a spray rate of 15
g/minute and an inlet air temperature of 50° C with suitable sing,
9. the granule formed was dried with an inlet air temperature of 50° C until the
product temperature reached 50° C,
. the granule was cooled to 25° C,
11. the dried granule was passed h a 18-mesh (850 µm) sieve, grinding up any
lumps too big to pass through,
12. the granule was tested for Loss on Drying (LoD), Mean le er (MPD)
and density ( bulk and tapped).
8.1 Stability study
The study was conducted to review the quantity of spray solution, spray rate and inlet air
temperature. Statistical analysis of the se data including flow-ability, dispersing-ability in
water and sedimentation speed will be used to identify the optimal level of ty of spray
solution, spray rate and inlet air temperature.
The quantity of spray solution (0, 350, 700 g), spray rate (20–40 g/min) and inlet air
temperature (30–60 C) was varied in an attempt to understand the effect of changing these
variables, individually and in combination, to identify an optimal ation of quantity of
spray solution and process parameters to produce suitable granule.
8.2 Efficacy study
A cross-over study was performed to determine the blood plasma concentrations of
abamectin, oxfendazole and sole following oral ent with reconstituted granule
product containing these three anthelmintics. The efficacy of the reconstituted triple granule was
compared to Matrix Hi Mineral Oral Drench for Sheep.
Eight female romney sheep of similar age and body weight were used. The criteria for
selection was to include animals that had not been dosed with a persistent anthelmintic
formulation within 6 months of selection for the trial. Persistent anthelmintics include slow
release es (e.g. Bionic), injectable or oral forms of ctin and closantel. Sheep were
acclimated to the study site for 14 days before treatment.
Each sheep was randomly assigned to the treatment group and received one treatment
and then the alternate treatment 21 days later.
The study procedures were as follows:
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sheep were d using calibrated scales on Day -1 for weight ranking and
allocation to ent groups. They were weighed again on Day 20, with the treatment
doses calculated from the Day -1 or Day 20 weights respectively.
Triple-Active Granules were reconstituted in the laboratory on Day -1 and Day
20, the day immediately before the treatment days. Granules were d and added
with the calculated volume of water to a 2 litre schott bottle and ed a number of
times until the granules were wetted and fully dispersed. On the morning of treatment
the schott bottle was again gently inverted 3 or 4 times to ensure a homogeneous mix and
approximately 100 mL was decanted from which the syringe was filled for dosing.
Treatments were administered on Day 0 and Day 21 at a dose volume of l
ml/5kg. Dosing was done using a l2 mL ted syringe. Dose volume and time of
administration was recorded and checked for each sheep.
Blood samples were collected before treatment, and after treatment at 0.5, 1, 2, 6,
8,1 2, 15, 24 and 36 hrs. Samples were assayed for abamectin, oxfendazole and
levamisole, or their metabolites.
Samples of both the reconstituted triple-active granule liquid and the Matrix Hi
Mineral positive control product as used for the treatments, were assayed for abamectin,
oxfendazole and/or levamisole.
First Treatment day
Treatment 1
Reconstituted ation granule
Assay: abamectin, 1.06 g/L, oxfendazole 22.63 g/L, levamisole HCL 40.87 g/L
Treatment 2
Positive control “Matrix Hi Mineral Oral Drench for Sheep”
Assay: abamectin, 1.08 g/L, oxfendazole 23.7 g/L, levamisole HCL 2.187 g/L.
Second Treatment day
Treatment 1
Reconstituted ation granule
Assay: abamectin, 1.04 g/L, oxfendazole 22.40 g/L, levamisole HCL 40.60 g/L
Treatment 2
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88485556.2
Positive control ‘Matrix Hi l Oral Drench for Sheep”
Assay: abamectin, 1.08 g/L, oxfendazole 23.69 g/L, levamisole HCL 42.45 g/L.
The table below shows the results from the blood samples with the pooled mean data for
the 8 sheep for each treatment (combined for both phases of the cross-over study). Oxfendazole
plasma levels are ted as two separate plasma metabolites: oxfendazole and fenbendazole,
and the total of these two expressed as “total – oxfendazole”. All plasma metabolite units are
presented as rng/kg
ison Treatment Cmax Tmax
abamectin 0.017 24 hrs
abamectin comparison
Matrix Hi Mineral 0.017 24 hrs
levamisole 1.445 1 hr
levamisole comparison
Matrix Hi Mineral 1.405 2 hr
azole 0.792 15 hrs
oxfendazole comparison
Matrix Hi Mineral 0.845 8 hrs
fenbendazole 0.209 12 hrs
fenbendazole comparison
Matrix Hi Mineral 0.189 24 hrs
oxfendazole 0.984 12 hrs
total oxfendazole comparison
Matrix Hi Mineral 0.987 8 hrs
This table shows that…
9. Single active liquid concentrate
Shown below is a liquid concentrate ation suitable for aqueous dilution.
Function ent Ingredient
(% w/w)
Single Active Drug (4.5 %) Abamectin
Solubilizer & Stabilizer Solvent (82.3 %) Glyceryl Formal
Suspending Agent Gum (5.8 %) Xanthan Gum
Rheology Modifier
Anti-Microbial Agent; co-Solvent Preservative (3.9 %) Benzyl l
Wetting Agent Surfactant (1.9 %) Polysorbate 80
Dispersing agent (prevents aggregation
on reconstitution)
88485556_2.doc
88485556.2
g Agent Bulking Agent (0.6 %) Colloidal SiO2
Gum & Drug Dispersant
Anti-caking Agent
ts foam on reconstitution Antifoam Agent (1%) am AF
Colloidal SiOz can be present in even greater amounts as a viscosity builder.
In some embodiments the forumulation includes antifreeze, chelating agents, izers,
or a penetrant enhances. If a penetrant enhancer is used, then preferably it is for pour on use
post dilution. Preferably any such addition use is less than 5% w/w.
Other surfactants (e.g. cationic, anionic or non ionics), gums, buffering systems may be
added. The choice of surfactant will depend on drug properties and the medium used to
reconstitute the concentrate. Solvents like propylene glycol may be added as cosolvents or
solvents replacing glycerol formal. Propylene glycol may also behave as antifreeze or help in
preparation of microemulsions (that are clear looking abamectin or other chemically similar drugs
in water).
If colloidal silicon dioxide higher than say 2–3 % is used, it not only acts as a king
agent but also as a bulking agent/adsorbing agent (for uniform distribution of potent ingredients
or as a viscolytic agent for organic based formulations).
It is envisaged that it is diluted with water, an aqueous composition or a non-aqueous
liquid or composition, for example, a pour on type concentrate (which will form water based
pour ons upon reconstitution). The final product is administered at 1 ml/kg. For example,
about 150 or 200 ml is required to make up a litre of pour on with high amectin
concentrate. This volume will vary depending upon the drug used in on to the ML
anthelmintic.
For example, for levamisole mase (used in a pour on concentrate owing to its ation
properties) about 600 to about 700 ml/L for 200 g of base). Levamisole base (200 g) needs
glyceryl formal (200 g); Polysorbate 80 (about 400 g) to microemulsify the base.
Stability Trial Post Mix
The stability of the reconstituted tin was igated after storage at 20–25° C for
4 days. It was observed that there was no degradation of the abamectin and some degradation of
the benzyl alcohol to aldehyde. The reconstituted formulation remained suspended with no
settling
. Single active oil-based liquid concentrate
An oil based liquid concentrate ation example suitable for water or oil dilution:
88485556_2.doc
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Ingredient Function w/w
Abamectin active 10.3 %,
Xanthan Gum suspending agent
n R protective colloid
Aerosil 200 or R 972 gy modifier
Benzyl l
Anti-Microbial Agent 67 %
Solvent
le size er If in water based reconstitution
Propylene Glycol (optional) Solvent – especially if water is used for
reconstitution)
Polysorbate 80 Wetting agent – dispersing agent as 22.45 %,
prevents aggregation of drug
Colloidal silicon dioxide Anticaking agent – needed if xanthan 0.6 %,
is used as a thickener. I f aerosil is
used as a thickener may not use it
again as an king agent.
am Agent (optional) May be an emulsion or free flowing
powder
The formulation should be diluted to 12–15 ml/L. The concentration of the abamectin
may be d to below 5% w/w if needed by increasing the quantity of benzyl alcohol and
polysorbate in the above ratio.
Other surfactants (cationic, anionic or non ionics), gums, buffering systems may be
added.
The stability is shown in Figure 9.
Whilst the liquid concentrate is preferably in a container such as a bottle (glass or plastic)
in some aspects the concentrate can be in capsules (eg hard or soft gelatine – with or without
drug or flavour enhancing agents). This is particularly so if any added beneficial agent is
malodorous. If for e in that form they can be still d prior to administration or be
administered as is.
Suitable applicators for administering and of the delivery composition are those available
from N J Phillips Pty Limited, Instrument Supplies Ltd, Simcrotech Ltd and PrimaTech Ltd.
Particularly preferred are backpack reservoired applicators of N J Phillips Pty d (e.g. with
2.5 litre backpack) and a variable dose capability.
Although embodiments have been described with reference to a number of illustrative
embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in
form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the
invention as defined by the appended claims.
88485556_2.doc
88485556.2
Many modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the
scope of the present invention as herein described with reference to the anying drawings.
88485556_2.doc
88485556.2
WE
Claims (25)
1. A stable granule comprising at least two or more different anthelmintic actives selected from one or more othiazoles, one or more benzimidazoles, one or more macrocyclic lactones, and praziquantel, wherein the composition comprises a macrocyclic lactone as an anthelmintic active, wherein the granules r comprise a suspending agent or gy modifier and wherein the suspending agent or rheology modifier is a gum, and n the granules are readily dispersible in water to provide a homogenous mixture of the mintic actives for administration to a non-human mammal.
2. A composition of claim 1 wherein the gum is, or includes, xanthan gum.
3. A ition of claim 1 or 2 wherein the granules further comprise a wetting agent.
4. A composition of any one or more of claims 1 to 3 comprising levamisole hydrochloride (HCl).
5. A composition of any one of claims 1 to 4 comprising levamisole HCl, a benzimidazole and a macrocyclic lactone.
6. A ition of any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein the macrocyclic lactone is selected from avermectin, ivermectin and abamectin.
7. A composition of any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein the benzimidazole is selected from oxfendazole, albendazole or fenbendazole.
8. A composition of any one or more of claims 1 to 7 comprising a particulate source of one or more ls.
9. A composition of any one of claims 3 to 8 wherein the wetting agent is polysorbate 80.
10. A composition of any one of claims 1 to 8 sing a dispersant.
11. A composition of claim 10, wherein the dispersant is colloidal silicon dioxide.
12. A composition of any one or more of claims 1 to 11 wherein the granules comprise 30 to 70% w/w of the anthelmintic actives.
13. A composition of any one or more of claim 1 to 12 wherein the es comprise less than 3, 2, or 1% w/w water.
14. A composition of any one of claims 1 to 13 wherein the granules are free of pyrrolidones.
15. A composition of any one of claims 1 to 14 n the granules comprise 0.1 to 10% w/w macrocyclic lactone.
16. A composition of any one of the preceding claims comprising 1 to 40% w/w benzimidazole, a suspending agent, 1 to 70% w/w levamisole HCL, and 0.1 to 10% w/w macrocyclic lactone.
17. A method of forming an anthelmintic composition comprising the steps of: providing two or more anthelmintic actives selected from one or more imidazothiazoles, one or more benzimidazoles, one or more macrocyclic lactones, and praziquantel, n the granule comprises at least a macrocyclic lactone, mixing the macrocylic lactone with a suspending agent, in the form of a gum, on a sed bed, adding a further anthelmintic active to the fluidised bed.
18. A method of claim 17 wherein the macrocylic lactone is dry mixed with the suspending agent.
19. A method of claim 18 wherein the further anthelmintic active is dry mixed with the macrocyclic lactone.
20. A method of claim 17 or 18 wherein the further anthelmintic active is sprayed onto the fluidised bed as a first granulating solution comprising a wetting agent.
21. A method of claim 20 wherein the wetting agent is polysorbate 80.
22. A method of any one of claims 17 to 21 wherein the granules comprise an anionic surfactant and a non-aqueous vent.
23. A method of any one of claims 17 to 22 wherein the granules further comprise a particulate source of one or more minerals.
24. A method of any one of claims 17 to 23 comprising a buffering agent.
25. A method of claim 24 n the buffering agent is dry mixed with the macrocyclic lactone, or added to the fluidised bed as a second granulating solution. 56_2.doc 88485556.2
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