NZ755058A - Method and Device for Detecting Defects in the Closure of Encapsulated Vials - Google Patents
Method and Device for Detecting Defects in the Closure of Encapsulated VialsInfo
- Publication number
- NZ755058A NZ755058A NZ755058A NZ75505819A NZ755058A NZ 755058 A NZ755058 A NZ 755058A NZ 755058 A NZ755058 A NZ 755058A NZ 75505819 A NZ75505819 A NZ 75505819A NZ 755058 A NZ755058 A NZ 755058A
- Authority
- NZ
- New Zealand
- Prior art keywords
- capsule
- vial
- lower skirt
- closure
- profilometer
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 40
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000003287 optical Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drugs Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005020 pharmaceutical industry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
Abstract
Method and device for detecting defects in the closure of encapsulated vials Method for detecting defects in the closure of encapsulated vials, comprising the following steps: a) Scanning a profile of the capsule and of the vial using a profilometer, thus obtaining a point cloud. b) From the point cloud obtained in the previous step, calculating at least one of the following parameters: i. Diameter or radius of the closure circumference of the capsule. ii. Angle of intersection between the lower skirt and the side of the capsule. iii. Length of the lower skirt. iv. Distance from the end of the lower skirt to the neck of the vial. c) Determining whether any of said parameters calculated in the previous step exceeds a predetermined limit value. And device for detecting defects in the closure of encapsulated vials, comprising a profilometer configured to scan a profile of the capsule and of the vial and a control device configured to execute a method such as that described earlier. cloud obtained in the previous step, calculating at least one of the following parameters: i. Diameter or radius of the closure circumference of the capsule. ii. Angle of intersection between the lower skirt and the side of the capsule. iii. Length of the lower skirt. iv. Distance from the end of the lower skirt to the neck of the vial. c) Determining whether any of said parameters calculated in the previous step exceeds a predetermined limit value. And device for detecting defects in the closure of encapsulated vials, comprising a profilometer configured to scan a profile of the capsule and of the vial and a control device configured to execute a method such as that described earlier.
Description
Method and device for detecting defects in the closure of encapsulated vials
DESCRIPTION
The present invention relates to a novel method and device for detecting defects in the closure of vials.
More specifically, the present invention discloses a novel method and device for detecting defects in the
closure of encapsulated vials.
These days, especially in the pharmaceutical industry, the use of vials is widespread. The vials are
generally small receptacles which can be used to contain medicines, samples, etc. in the form of liquids,
powders or capsules. The vials may have different types of closure, such as encapsulated caps, screw-
on caps, flip-up caps, rubber caps or similar, etc.
To prevent losses and/or contamination of the contents of the vial, it is very important to ensure the
correct closure thereof. Among the defects that may occur in the closure of vials, particularly noteworthy
is the lack of seal of said closure; however, this defect is not the only one, as vials having a sealed
closure may have another type of defect which, over time, may ultimately compromise the integrity or
seal of the closure. An example of defects of this type might be nicks in the capsule of the encapsulated
vials, particularly nicks in the lower skirt of the capsule.
To prevent possible problems associated with a defective closure of the vial, quality controls of said
closure must be put in place. On a small scale, manual inspection of the vials by an operator is feasible,
but on a medium or large scale manual inspection is not feasible owing to obvious productivity problems.
Because of this, over time various devices for automatically inspecting the closure of vials have
appeared.
Patent application publication document PCT WO 02/057709 A2 discloses a method and apparatus for
detecting the presence of a closure on a container and determining whether said closure is properly
seated. Said apparatus includes at least two fibre optic heads positioned opposite one another on either
side of a conveyor belt or other package transport mechanism. The fibre optic heads face one another
across the path of travel of a package. The optical fibres of the receiving head are arranged in a
rectangular shape, narrow in the horizontal direction and long in the vertical direction. The optic heads
are connected to an optical sensor having an analogue output. As a package having a closure travels
down the transport mechanism, the package closure interrupts portions of the light beam directed at the
receiving head. The optical sensor generates an analogue trace signal as the closure moves down the
conveyor. A processor samples the analogue signal and determines the presence and/or position of the
closure therefrom.
Patent application publication document PCT A1 discloses a system for inspecting the
40 closures of packaged products employing lasers and receivers to scan multiple sides of a package,
thereby measuring and determining a pass/fail status of a parameter of a package closure. In one
embodiment, the system employs two lasers each emitting a beam that crosses one another, as well as
product inspection path. Preferably, the parameter of a package closure which is evaluated is the
separation between the lower surface of the cap and the upper surface of the neck of the vial.
The two documents mentioned above both disclose devices which inspect the closure of vials by optical
means, in other words, without the need for physical contact between the inspection device and the vial,
and they only evaluate the position of the cap relative to the package. Both systems are incapable of
evaluating possible defects in a capsule which encloses said cap, and the use thereof is therefore not
recommended for inspecting encapsulated vials.
Patent application publication document PCT WO 95/04267 A1 discloses a machine for inspecting
translucent bottles or similar articles, comprising an inspection station for checking the article walls, the
station being provided with an illuminating device, an imaging device and an intermediate mirror
assembly which creates at least two beams, as well as a conveyor which carries the bottles in single file
between the beams. In order to improve on such an inspection machine, the invention provides for a
mirror assembly which creates at least three beams which illuminate the side wall of a bottle under
inspection from different directions. Said device may have a first camera inspecting the side walls of the
bottle and a second camera for inspecting the outline and/or height and/or colour of the bottles to be
inspected.
The inspection machine disclosed by document WO 95/04267 A1 only inspects the walls of the bottles,
that is, said machine does not inspect the closure thereof, and consequently is not capable of detecting
defects in said closure.
Patent application publication document PCT A1 discloses a method for inspecting
containers, in particular bottles, wherein the closed containers are transported by means of a transport
apparatus and closures applied to the containers are inspected with regard to tightness and/or correct
seating by an inspection device. By means of an optical 3D (three-dimensional) measurement method,
the inspection device at least partially senses a container together with the closure of the container and
generates 3D data thereof, in particular, 3D points, 3D line elements and/or 3D surface elements. Said
3D data are processed by means of an evaluation apparatus and the tightness and/or correct seating of
the closure is thereby inferred. Said 3D optical measurement method comprises 3D stereoscopic
measurement by capturing images of at least a portion of the receptacle and of the closure from at least
two points of view.
Document A1 also discloses a container inspection device which comprises a transport
apparatus for transporting a closed container which comprises a closure connected to said container, a
3D optical measurement device to capture a 3D image of at least a portion of the container and of the
closure; and an evaluation device to process the 3D image in order to determine the tightness and
correct seating of the closure in relation to the container. Said 3D optical measuring device is connected
40 to a diffuse or structured light source and may be a camera which comprises a stereoscopic lens or two
or more cameras, each comprising a lens.
Although the method and the device disclosed by document A1 may be used for a
variety of containers and closures, said document does not disclose that said method and device can be
used to inspect encapsulated vials and/or encapsulated closures, and consequently neither does it
disclose what parameters should be evaluated in order to be able to detect defects in the closure of
encapsulated vials. In addition, said method and device have the drawback that measurement of an
object in three dimensions by triangulation of points from two images requires a high computational load.
An object of the present invention is to disclose a method for inspecting the closure of encapsulated vials
that allows defects in said closure to be detected and which overcomes the problems of the above-
mentioned methods. To do this, the present invention discloses a method for detecting defects in the
closure of encapsulated vials which comprises the following steps:
a) Scanning a profile of the capsule and of the vial using a profilometer, said profile corresponding
to a generatrix of the vial which defines a head, a side and a lower skirt of said capsule, thus
obtaining a point cloud.
b) From the point cloud obtained in the previous point, calculating at least one of the following
parameters:
i. Diameter or radius of the closure circumference of the capsule, said closure
circumference being defined by the circumference defined by the fold of the lower skirt
of the capsule relative to the side thereof.
ii. Angle of intersection between the lower skirt and the side of the capsule.
iii. Length of the lower skirt.
iv. Distance from the end of the lower skirt to the neck of the vial.
c) Determining whether any parameter calculated in the previous point exceeds a predetermined
limit value, said limit value indicating whether the encapsulation is or is not correct.
Preferably, said point cloud is obtained using a laser profilometer, that is, said profilometer measures the
surface of the capsule and of the vial by optical means, that is, without contact. Advantageously, said
profilometer measures in two dimensions or 2D, that is, in one plane. Using a 2D profilometer a point
cloud is obtained in a Cartesian plane, that is, in a plane defined by the abscissa and ordinate axes, thus
obtaining the profile of the capsule and of the vial as if a cut had been made through a cutting plane.
Alternatively, said profilometer measures in three dimensions.
Advantageously, the profile of the capsule and of the vial is measured by profilometer using at least two
different exposure times.
Preferably, the calculation of the diameter or radius of the closure circumference of the capsule
comprises the following steps:
a) Calculating a regression circumference of the closure of the capsule from the point cloud of the
side and lower skirt of the capsule.
40 b) Measuring the diameter or radius of the regression circumference, estimating that said
regression circumference is equal to the closure circumference of the capsule.
Advantageously, the calculation of the angle of intersection between the lower skirt and the side of the
capsule comprises the following steps:
a) Calculating the regression line of the side of the capsule from the point cloud.
b) Calculating the regression line of the lower skirt of the capsule from the point cloud.
c) Determining the point of intersection between both regression lines and the angle formed
therebetween.
Preferably, the calculation of the length of the lower skirt comprises the following steps:
a) Determining the end point of the lower skirt.
b) Determining the end point of the fold between the side and the lower skirt of the capsule.
c) Measuring the distance between both points.
Advantageously, the calculation of the distance from the end of the lower skirt to the vial comprises the
following steps:
a) Determining the end point of the lower skirt, if not previously determined.
b) Determining the end point of the neck of the vial.
c) Measuring the distance between both points.
According to another aspect of the invention, also disclosed is a device for detecting defects in the
closure of encapsulated vials which comprises a profilometer configured to scan a profile of the capsule
and of the vial and a control device configured to execute a method such as that described earlier.
Preferably, said profilometer is a laser profilometer, that is, a contactless measurement device.
Advantageously, said profilometer is a two-dimensional profilometer, that is, one that measures in two
dimensions. A point cloud is thus obtained in a single plane which corresponds to the profile of the
capsule and of the vial. This measurement is taken directly and with no need to carry out triangulations,
image processing or other type of complex operations.
Preferably, said control device also comprises a vial supply device. Advantageously, said vial supply
device operates continuously. The above allows the control device to operate in an automated and
uninterrupted manner, as said vial supply device is responsible for transferring the next vial to the control
device once the inspection of the vial is complete. Advantageously, said vial supply device may also
remove the vial from the control device after being inspected.
Preferably, said profilometer carries out the measurement of the profile using two different exposure
times. Preferably, the first exposure time is between 20 μs and 100 μs and the second exposure time is
between 150 μs and 500 μs. More preferably, the first exposure time is between 30 μs and 50 μs. More
preferably, the second exposure time is between 250 μs and 350 μs. Owing to the use of two different
exposure times a precise measurement can be taken along the entire profile of the capsule and of the
40 vial because, since said capsule and vial are usually made of different materials, they also have different
optical properties; therefore, particular reflection times are effective for measuring the capsule but
produce high reflection on the vial, or vice versa. In other words, said reflection times are effective for
measuring the vial but produce high reflection on the capsule. By combining the measurements obtained
using both exposure times a precise reading can be obtained along the entire length of the profile of the
encapsulated vial.
In one embodiment, the profilometer takes the measurement of the profile using more than two different
exposure times. In said embodiment, the multiple measurements are combined in order to obtain a
precise reading of the profile of the vial and of the capsule thereof. In another alternative embodiment,
the profilometer takes the measurement of the profile using a single exposure time.
Preferably, the device comprises means for rotating the vial on its own longitudinal axis, thus obtaining
the profile of the capsule and of the vial along the entire circumference of said capsule and vial.
Advantageously, the control device is configured to correct and/or absorb small deviations between the
axis of rotation of the vial and the geometric longitudinal axis thereof; in other words, the control device is
configured to correct the variations that might be produced if the encapsulated vial rotates eccentrically.
Alternatively, the device comprises means for rotating the profilometer about the longitudinal axis of the
vial, thus obtaining the profile of the capsule and of the vial along the entire circumference of said
capsule and vial. Preferably, the control device is configured to correct and/or absorb small deviations
between the axis of rotation of the profilometer and the longitudinal geometric axis of the encapsulated
vial; in other words, the control device is configured to correct the variations that might be produced if the
circumference described by the path of the profilometer and the vial are not concentric.
By rotating the encapsulated vial or the profilometer a three-dimensional measurement of the
encapsulated vial can be obtained from two-dimensional measurements, and it is therefore possible to
detect defects over the entire perimeter of the capsule of the vial. In this case, preferably, the separation
between different measurement planes is small, for example, 0.5 or 1 degree of circumference. However,
it is also possible to take more spaced out measurements, for example, in planes separated by 45, 90 or
120 degrees, thus checking the encapsulation at eight, four or three points respectively. It should be
understood that the above examples are simply illustrative and not limiting, and it is possible to modify
the separation between planes as required.
The device for detecting defects in the closure of encapsulated vials described above may be used either
separately, that is, without being associated with other machines or devices, or in a manner associated
with other equipment forming part of a production or packaging line.
In this document, the directions horizontal, vertical, up, down, etc. are understood in relation to the
normal working position of the device for detecting defects in the closure of encapsulated vials, that is,
with the longitudinal axis of the encapsulated vials perpendicular to the ground.
For a better understanding, the accompanying drawings are given as an explanatory but not limiting
40 example of an embodiment of the method and of the device for detecting defects in the closure of
encapsulated vials according to the present invention.
- Figure 1 shows two different vials correctly encapsulated.
- Figure 2 shows the vials of Figure 1 having defective encapsulations.
- Figure 3 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a device for detecting defects in the closure of
encapsulated vials.
- Figure 4 is a flow diagram of an embodiment of a method for detecting defects in the closure of
encapsulated vials according to the present invention.
- Figure 5 shows the results of the measurement of a profile of an encapsulated vial using an
embodiment of a device for detecting defects in the closure of encapsulated vials according to the
present invention and using an exposure time of 40 μs.
- Figure 6 shows the results of the measurement of a profile of an encapsulated vial using an
embodiment of a device for detecting defects in the closure of encapsulated vials according to the
present invention and using an exposure time of 300 μs.
- Figure 7 is a graph of a point cloud corresponding to a profile of an encapsulated vial resulting
from the combination of the measurements of Figure 5 and 6.
- Figure 8 shows the point corresponding to the end of the lower skirt of the capsule of the vial in the
graph of Figure 7.
- Figure 9 shows the measurement of the length of the lower skirt of the capsule of the vial based
on the graph of Figure 8.
- Figure 10 shows the determination of the angle of intersection between the lower skirt and the side
of the capsule of the vial based on the graph of Figure 7.
- Figure 11 shows the determination of the radius of the closure circumference of the capsule from
the graph of Figure 7.
- Figure 12 shows the determination of the distance from the end of the lower skirt to the neck of the
vial from the graph of Figure 7.
In the figures, similar or equivalent elements have been identified with identical reference numerals.
Figure 1 shows two different vials correctly encapsulated. As can be seen, both vials , have a
cap , and a capsule , responsible, among other things, for holding the cap
40 , firmly attached to the respective vial , so that a sealed closure is created. The main
difference between the two vials , arises from the fact that the vial has a planar cap
positioned above the neck thereof, whereas the vial has a cap which is inserted in the neck or
mouth thereof. On both vials , the respective capsule , tightly surrounds the head of
the vial ,; additionally, as well as fitting tightly on the lower portion of the head of the respective
vial ,, the lower skirt , of the capsules , has a length similar to that of the
head, thus reaching as far as, or practically as far as, the neck of the vial ,.
Although In Figure 1 only two types of encapsulated vials have been illustrated, the present invention
allows defects to be detected in the closure of any type of encapsulated vials. To do this, all that is
necessary is to adapt the parameters and limit values to each vial typology inspected. In addition, the
device for inspecting defects in the closure of vials may be used to detect defects in vials which have
other types of closures, such as screw-on caps, flip-up caps, etc. To do this, all that is necessary is to
modify the programming of the control device so as to evaluate parameters specific to each type of
closure.
In Figure 2 the vials of Figure 1 can be seen, but having defective encapsulations. As can be seen, in the
vial the lower skirt is too open; in other words, it is not fitted tightly enough to the lower
portion of the head of said vial . In the vial the length of the lower skirt is too short, thus
preventing correct fitting of the capsule to the head of the vial . Both types of defects may
cause a loss of the hermetic seal of the closure or even the loss of the product contained in the
respective vial.
The defects illustrated above are only two examples of defects that can be detected using the method
and the device object of the present invention. However, the present invention allows a greater variety of
defects in the closure of encapsulations of vials to be detected.
Figure 3 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a device for detecting defects in the closure of
encapsulated vials according to the present invention. As can be seen, the profilometer measures a
profile of the encapsulated vial using optical means, that is, with no contact. In the embodiment
shown measurement is carried out in one plane, that is, in two dimensions, more specifically in the plane
of incidence of the laser beam emitted by the profilometer .
As mentioned earlier, in the embodiment shown the measurements of the profile of the vial and the
capsule are taken in two dimensions, and therefore only defects in the encapsulation of the vial that are
present in said plane can be detected. However, embodiments exist which allow defects to be detected
at a plurality of points on the perimeter of the encapsulation, for example, four points separated from one
another by 90 degrees. Said separation between different measurement planes can be reduced to a
point where measurement can be considered to be continuous along the entire length of the perimeter of
the capsule and of the vial, for example, by measuring every 0.5 or 1 degree of circumference. Thus, an
essentially three-dimensional measurement of the vial is obtained by linking the plurality of
measurements made in one plane or in two dimensions.
40 The above-described device for detecting defects in the closure of encapsulated vials may be used
separately, in other words, as a quality control station independent of the production or bottling line, or
may be associated with a vial production or bottling line.
In order to allow multiple measurement points along the circumference of the vial, various embodiments
of the present invention exist in which, while the profilometer is in a fixed position, the vial rotates about
its longitudinal axis. In other embodiments, the vial remains in a fixed position and it is the profilometer
which rotates about the longitudinal axis of the vial. In both embodiments the rotation is produced by a
motor which actuates a corresponding mechanism.
Although optional, preferably the control device of the device for detecting defects in the closure of
encapsulated vials according to the present invention is configured to absorb and/or correct small
eccentricities in the rotation of the vial or of the profilometer. Depending on the type of embodiment, said
eccentricities may be due to misalignments between the longitudinal axis of the vial and the axis of
rotation of the profilometer or to misalignments between the axis of rotation of the vial and the geometric
axis thereof.
The use of multiple measurement planes along the perimeter of the vial and the respective capsule
thereof allows the inspection quality to be raised, that is, it increases the probability of detecting defects
in the encapsulation, should said defects exist. In addition, by using continuous or substantially
continuous measurements, defects can be located that are difficult to detect by more isolated
measurements, such as nicks in the lower skirt of the capsule.
Figure 4 is a flow diagram of an embodiment of a method for detecting defects in the closure of
encapsulated vials according to the present invention. Said method begins with the first step
which consists in scanning or measuring a profile of the capsule and of the vial using a profilometer in
order to obtain a point cloud corresponding to said profile of the capsule and of the vial. In the
embodiment shown, said measurement is taken in one plane, in other words, two-dimensionally.
Following the first step at least one of the following sub-steps is carried out: calculating the
diameter or radius of the closure circumference of the capsule , calculating the angle of
intersection between the lower skirt and the side of the capsule , calculating the length of the lower
skirt , measuring the distance from the end of the lower skirt to the neck of the vial .
The third step consists in determining whether or not any of the parameters calculated in steps
, , , exceeds a predetermined limit value. If any of said parameters does
exceed the respective limit value, this means that the encapsulation is incorrect or defective. Although
there are also possible embodiments in which only one of said parameters is evaluated, it is
recommended that all, or at least a pair thereof, are evaluated, as the more parameters evaluated, the
greater the certainty that the encapsulation of the vial is satisfactory and complies with all the established
requirements. It is important to mention that embodiments are also possible which evaluate more
parameters than those calculated in steps , , , .
40 In the embodiment shown, the limit value of each parameter may be modified depending on the type of
vial, the type of capsule, etc. To do this, the control device may store a database or similar containing
optimal limit values for each type of vial and capsule.
Figure 5 shows the results of the measurement of a profile of an encapsulated vial using an embodiment
of a device for detecting defects in the closure of encapsulated vials according to the present invention
and using an exposure time of 40 μs.
Figure 6 shows the results of the measurement of a profile of an encapsulated vial using an embodiment
of a device for detecting defects in the closure of encapsulated vials according to the present invention
and using an exposure time of 300 μs.
Given that the vials and the respective caps and/or capsules thereof are usually made of different
materials and, consequently, have different optical properties, a particular exposure time of the
profilometer may measure a portion of the profile of the vial-capsule assembly reliably and nevertheless
produce imprecise measurements on another portion owing to the reflexions of the laser beam on the
surface measured. To avoid these problems, in the embodiment shown in the figures, the profilometer
measures a particular profile of the vial (see Figure 3) using two different exposure times; in
other words, it measures the same profile twice, each time using a different exposure time, in order
subsequently to combine both measurements thus obtaining a precise measurement along the entire
profile of the vial (see Figure 7).
As can be seen in Figure 5 and 6, in the embodiment shown, a first exposure time is 40 μs and a second
exposure time is 300 μs. However, in other embodiments said exposure times may be different. Both
figures show the raw measurement, that is, without carrying out any processing, obtained by the
profilometer . Although the embodiment shown only uses two different exposure times, other
embodiments of the present invention may use more than two different exposure times.
The device for detecting defects in the closure of encapsulated vials according to the present invention
may vary the exposure times depending on the typology of the vial and capsule that is to be measured.
To do this, the control device may store a database or similar containing the optimal exposure times for
each type of vial and capsule.
Figure 7 is a graph of a point cloud corresponding to a profile of an encapsulated vial resulting from the
combination of the measurements of Figure 5 and 6. This figure shows the points obtained from the
measurement using a laser profilometer and an exposure time of 300 μs (see Figure 6) as a fine line
and the points obtained from the measurement using a laser profilometer and an exposure time of
40 μs (see Figure 5) as a thick line.
As can be seen, in Figure 7 the units of the abscissa and ordinate axes are in mm, whereas in Figure 5
and 6 the units are in pixels. As will be seen, in Figure 8 to 12 the units used on the abscissa and
ordinate axes are also in mm. The units used in Figure 5 to 12 are merely illustrative and are simply an
example. In other embodiments different units, for example inches, may be used.
In Figure 7 an essentially continuous line can be seen which represents a profile of the vial and the
capsule thereof. However, a discontinuity or gap can be seen in said line, corresponding to the
separation or distance between the end of the lower skirt of the capsule and the neck of the vial .
Based on the graph of Figure 7, Figure 8 to 12 show the determination of different parameters which
allow the presence of defects in the encapsulation of the vial to be evaluated. Unlike Figure 7, in which
the profile has been shown with a fine or thick line depending on the exposure time with which the
profilometer obtained the data, to improve the clarity of Figure 8 to 12, the profile has been shown with a
uniform line. For illustrative and didactic reasons, each of Figure 8 to 12 shows only an enlargement of
the specific area of Figure 7 on which the calculation is carried out, thus omitting the illustration of the
other portions. However, it should be understood that the device and method according to the present
invention operate with the entire profile obtained, shown as an example in Figure 7.
In Figure 8 the point corresponding to the end of the lower skirt of the capsule of the vial can be seen. In
this figure the end point of the lower skirt is indicated by a hollow arrow. Although the determination of the
end point of the lower skirt is not in itself indicative of the correct or incorrect state of the encapsulation of
the vial, as will be detailed below, it certainly is important for determining the different parameters to be
evaluated.
Figure 9 shows the measurement of the length of the lower skirt of the capsule of the vial. To determine
the length of the lower skirt of the capsule of the vial the two ends of the vial must be determined. The
determination of one of which, more specifically the far end, is shown in Figure 8. Consequently, the
initial point of the lower skirt must be determined, or more specifically, the end point of the fold between
the side and the lower skirt of the capsule, i.e. the point where the fold between the side and the skirt
ends and said lower skirt begins. By approximating the fold between the side and the lower skirt to an arc
of circumference, or to a circumference (see Figure 11), and approximating the lower skirt to a straight
line (see Figure 10), the initial point of the skirt can be approximated as the point of tangency between
said circumference and said straight line.
Once the two ends of the lower skirt have been determined, the length thereof can be measured as the
straight line distance between the two points (see dimension line on the graph), the distance between the
projections of both points on the abscissa axis (see dimension line on the graph) and/or the distance
between the projections of both points on the ordinate axis (for illustrative purposes, the drawing thereof
has been omitted in Figure 9).
If the length of the lower skirt is less than a predetermined threshold value depending on the type of vial
and capsule, this means that the encapsulation may not be properly attached to the neck of the vial and
that said encapsulation is therefore defective. An example of this type of defect can be seen in Figure 2.
It may also be the case that the length of the lower skirt is greater than the permitted or desired length,
that is, that the length exceeds an upper limit value.
Figure 10 shows the determination of the angle of intersection between the lower skirt and the side of the
40 capsule of the vial. To do this, the regression line of the side of the capsule and of the lower skirt of said
capsule, -r1- and -r2-, respectively, is calculated. Once both regression lines -r1-,-r2- have been
calculated, the angle -α- which is formed therebetween is calculated. Said angle -α- indicates “how open
or closed” the lower skirt of the capsule is. In the embodiment shown, a small angle -α- indicates that the
lower skirt is too open, that is, is not properly attached to the neck of the vial, and therefore, among other
possibilities, the capsule might not form a hermetic seal or might even come loose. An example of said
defect can be seen in Figure 2.
Figure 11 shows the determination of the radius of the closure circumference of the capsule. To do this,
from the point cloud corresponding to the fold between the side and the lower skirt of the capsule a
regression circumference -c1- is calculated, which conforms as closely as possible to the points
measured using the laser profilometer . Once the regression circumference -c1- is calculated it is
assumed that the closure circumference is equal to said regression circumference -c1-, and then the
diameter and/or radius of said closure circumference is measured and/or calculated. Said radius and/or
diameter of the closure circumference is an indication of whether or not the lower skirt is correctly folded,
since an excessive diameter and/or radius, in other words, one which exceeds a predetermined limit
value, is an indication that the lower skirt may be too open or, put another way, insufficiently folded.
Figure 12 shows the determination of the distance from the end of the lower skirt to the neck of the vial.
For this calculation the end point of the lower skirt must have been determined. If said end point has
previously been determined, the device and the method according to the present invention make use of
the calculation already made. If said calculation has not yet been determined the end point of the lower
skirt is determined in a way similar to that illustrated as an example in Figure 8.
Once the end point of the lower skirt of the capsule of the vial has been determined, the next step
consists in determining the end point of the neck of the vial, in other words, from among the entire point
cloud measured by the laser profilometer , the first point corresponding to the neck of the vial, which,
more specifically, is the first point following the gap which appears in the point cloud measured. In Figure
7 to 12 said gap has been shown as a broken line and represents the separation between the lower skirt
of the capsule and the neck of the vial.
In the embodiment shown, said separation between the lower skirt of the capsule and the neck of the vial
can be measured in two different ways. The first consists in measuring the length of the straight line
which connects the two end points, in other words, the length of the straight line which connects the end
point of the lower skirt to the end point of the neck of the vial. The second consists in measuring the
separation between the end point of the lower skirt and the end point of the neck of the vial as the
distance between both points in the respective projection thereof on the ordinate axis. In Figure 12 a pair
of dimension lines has been shown illustrating both ways of measuring the separation or distance
between the lower skirt of the capsule and the neck of the vial.
Although in this embodiment in order to determine the distance from the end of the lower skirt to the neck
of the bottle the end point of the lower skirt of the vial is first determined and then the end point of the
neck of the vial is determined, embodiments also exist where said order is reversed.
All the data and graphs processing shown can be carried out automatically in the control device
comprised in the device for detecting defects in encapsulated vials according to the present invention. To
do this said control device has special software for processing and analysing data and graphs.
Although the invention has been presented and described with reference to embodiments thereof, it
should be understood that said embodiments do not limit the invention, and so it is possible to vary
multiple structural or other details which might be evident to persons skilled in the art after interpreting the
subject matter disclosed in the present description, claims and drawings. In particular, in principle and
unless explicitly stated otherwise, all the characteristics of each of the different embodiments and
alternatives shown and/or suggested can be combined with one another. Thus, all variants and
equivalents will be included within the scope of the present invention if they can be considered covered
by the broadest scope of the following claims.
Claims (14)
1. Method for detecting defects in the closure of encapsulated vials, characterised in that it comprises the following steps: 5 a) Scanning a profile of the capsule and of the vial using a profilometer, said profile corresponding to a generatrix of the vial which defines a head, a side and a lower skirt of said capsule, thus obtaining a point cloud. b) From the point cloud obtained in the previous step, calculating at least one of the following parameters: 10 i. Diameter or radius of the closure circumference of the capsule, said closure circumference being defined by the circumference defined by the fold of the lower skirt of the capsule relative to the side thereof. ii. Angle of intersection between the lower skirt and the side of the capsule. iii. Length of the lower skirt. 15 iv. Distance from the end of the lower skirt to the neck of the vial. c) Determining whether any parameter calculated in the previous step exceeds a predetermined limit value, said limit value indicating whether the encapsulation is or is not correct.
2. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that said cloud point is obtained using a laser 20 profilometer.
3. Method according to either claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that the calculation of the diameter or radius of the closure circumference of the capsule comprises the following steps: a) Calculating a regression circumference of the closure of the capsule from the point cloud of the 25 side and lower skirt of the capsule. b) Measuring the diameter or radius of the regression circumference, estimating that said regression circumference is equal to the closure circumference of the capsule.
4. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the calculation of the angle of 30 intersection between the lower skirt and the side of the capsule comprises the following steps: a) Calculating the regression line of the side of the capsule from the point cloud. b) Calculating the regression line of the lower skirt of the capsule from the point cloud. c) Determining the point of intersection between both regression lines and the angle formed therebetween.
5. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the calculation of the length of the lower skirt comprises the following steps: a) Determining the end point of the lower skirt. b) Determining the end point of the fold between the side and the lower skirt of the capsule. 40 c) Measuring the distance between both points.
6. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the calculation of the distance from the end of the lower skirt to the vial comprises the following steps: a) Determining the end point of the lower skirt, if not previously determined. b) Determining the end point of the neck of the vial. 5 c) Measuring the distance between both points.
7. Device for detecting defects in the closure of encapsulated vials, characterised in that it comprises a profilometer configured to scan a profile of the capsule and of the vial and a control device configured to execute a method according to any of claims 1 to 6.
8. Device according to claim 7, characterised in that said profilometer is a laser profilometer.
9. Device according to either claim 7 or claim 8, characterised in that said profilometer is a two- dimensional profilometer.
10. Device according to any of claims 7 to 9, characterised in that it also comprises a vial supply device.
11. Device according to claim 10, characterised in that said vial supply device operates continuously. 20
12. Device according to any of claims 7 to 11, characterised in that said profilometer measures the profile using two different exposure times.
13. Device according to any of claims 7 to 12, characterised in that it comprises means for rotating the vial on its own longitudinal axis, thus obtaining the profile of the capsule and of the vial along the entire 25 circumference of said capsule and vial.
14. Device according to any of claims 7 to 12, characterised in that it comprises means for rotating the profilometer about the longitudinal axis of the vial, thus obtaining the profile of the capsule and of the vial along the entire circumference of said capsule and vial.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP18382571.0 | 2018-07-30 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NZ755058A true NZ755058A (en) |
Family
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