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A subsurface compacted rubble raft bulb is comprised of a compacted rubble zone (1) and an adjacent densified zone (2), which surrounds the rubble zone (1). A subsurface compacted rubble raft (9) is constructed by integrating a number of such bulbs. A subsurface compacted rubble raft (9) is a manmade geotechnical stratum formation; it is used in ground improvement to solve the two major geotechnical problems: problem A - eliminating liquefaction damage to the foundations (15A) and above buildings (15), by displacing and densifying the liquefied soils and separating the below liquefiable soil potential; and or problem B - improvement of the thick weak ground (8) in order to provide a large bearing support to higher or heavy buildings (15). This technology uses construction demolition wastes, in terms of rubble of concrete, brick, stone or a mixture of these, to create the subsurface compacted rubble raft (9). Herein the foundations also include road foundation, and underground network support foundation.
Numerical modeling and stability analysis of shallow foundations located near slopes (case study: phase 8 gas flare foundations of South Pars gas complex)
Researches of fracture evolution induced by soft rock protective seam mining and an omni-directional stereo pressure-relief gas extraction technical system: a case study