NZ719996B2 - Electrotherapy device - Google Patents
Electrotherapy device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NZ719996B2 NZ719996B2 NZ719996A NZ71999614A NZ719996B2 NZ 719996 B2 NZ719996 B2 NZ 719996B2 NZ 719996 A NZ719996 A NZ 719996A NZ 71999614 A NZ71999614 A NZ 71999614A NZ 719996 B2 NZ719996 B2 NZ 719996B2
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- NZ
- New Zealand
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- active electrodes
- active
- electrodes
- generators
- Prior art date
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- 238000001827 electrotherapy Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 210000001519 tissues Anatomy 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000001070 adhesive Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 4
- 210000003491 Skin Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001953 sensory Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000004204 Blood Vessels Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000051 modifying Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002889 sympathetic Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001225 therapeutic Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002646 transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000001367 Arteries Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002808 Connective Tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001513 Elbow Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003414 Extremities Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003195 Fascia Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000003127 Knee Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002414 Leg Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003205 Muscles Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000578 Peripheral Nerves Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 Veins Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000001467 acupuncture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003176 fibrotic Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003387 muscular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001264 neutralization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037368 penetrate the skin Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/08—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by means of electrically-heated probes
- A61B18/082—Probes or electrodes therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/02—Details
- A61N1/04—Electrodes
- A61N1/0404—Electrodes for external use
- A61N1/0472—Structure-related aspects
- A61N1/0492—Patch electrodes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/02—Details
- A61N1/08—Arrangements or circuits for monitoring, protecting, controlling or indicating
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
- A61N1/36014—External stimulators, e.g. with patch electrodes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
- A61N1/36014—External stimulators, e.g. with patch electrodes
- A61N1/36021—External stimulators, e.g. with patch electrodes for treatment of pain
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
- A61N1/36014—External stimulators, e.g. with patch electrodes
- A61N1/3603—Control systems
- A61N1/36034—Control systems specified by the stimulation parameters
Abstract
The invention relates to an electrotherapy device comprising: a plurality of active electrodes; a return electrode; and a plurality of voltage generators which are each connected to an active electrode; wherein said device comprises a controller for the voltage generators, which is provided with means for monitoring and/or varying the voltage supplied to each one of the active electrodes independently. ns for monitoring and/or varying the voltage supplied to each one of the active electrodes independently.
Description
ELECTROTHERAPY DEVICE
DESCRIPTION
The present invention relates to an electrotherapy device
applicable to living tissue, said electrotherapy being
moderate diathermy produced by radiofrequency (RF) electric
currents applied by means of contact electrodes. In
particular, said electrotherapy is performed at
neurologically active vascularised points on the patient.
The neurologically active vascularised points are related to
a stretch of the connective tissue of the hypodermis which
conveys vessel and nerve elements for the skin. 42 % of the
neurologically active vascularised points are located on
known nerves or very close thereto. Others are located on major
blood vessels or very close thereto (18 % on arteries and 40
% on veins). Said blood vessels are surrounded by small nerve
bundles forming the nervi vasorum. The nature of these nerve
bundles, which are found beneath the neurologically active
vascularised point, is varied: cutaneous bundles (which are
purely sensory or sensory and sympathetic), vascular bundles
(a mixture of sympathetic and sensory) or muscular bundles (a
mixture of sensory and motor).
The production of afferent influence on the peripheral nerves
is vital for the control of pain with electric currents; a
suitable place for the application of a current is the point
where the cutaneous nerve penetrates the fascia. A similar
appraisal can also be made for the motor points, which have
the common anatomical characteristic of being the points
through which the nerve penetrates the muscle.
Many diathermy devices are known in the prior art. Diathermy
is a technique which uses high frequency currents (less than
100 kHz) applied by means of an electrode to produce local
heating of the cellular tissues of particular parts of the body
affected by ailments, for example. Said diathermy devices
result in heating of the tissues but do not produce
electro-stimulation.
In general, diathermy equipment increases the temperature of
the internal tissues by causing currents that can be as high
as 3 A to pass through.
Some diathermy devices use currents controlled by pulse-width
modulation (PWM), and in this case higher currents may be used.
The increase in temperature of the living tissue by diathermy
is achieved by transmitting energy thereto by two methods:
induced currents (electrodes not in contact with the tissue)
or conducted currents (electrodes in contact with the tissue).
Unlike transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (or TENS)
devices, electrotherapy devices that function with RF
currents of more than 100 kHz, such as diathermy equipment,
do not produce electro-stimulation of the nerves. In general,
the frequency of the signal applied in the contactless
coupling method must be far higher than the frequency of the
signal applied in the contact coupling method, said
frequencies in fact being over 100 kHz. Further details of the
effects of electric currents on human beings and livestock
have already been studied and are regulated by the IEC 60479
standards.
In conducted current diathermy two electrodes are applied in
contact with the living tissue in order to produce a
circulation of electric current that passes through the tissue
found in its path. Due to the electrical impedance of said
tissue, the electric current that circulates through the
tissue causes a rise in the temperature thereof through the
Joule effect.
Unlike in the conventional use of diathermy equipment which,
due to the very strong current that is applied, generally
requires constant movement of the active electrode on the
tissue being treated, treatment of neurologically active
vascularised points is carried out using electric currents of
approximately a few milliamperes for a few minutes and with
the active electrode static and in contact with the
neurologically active vascularised point.
Present examples of diathermy equipment by conduction have an
active electrode and a return electrode, as disclosed for
example in patents ES 287 964 and EP 0 893 140.
These devices are intended for the therapeutic treatment of
defined affected zones. One of the differences between these
devices and that of the present invention lies in the
functionality that the present invention discloses for the
simultaneous treatment of multiple zones with the possibility
of using different parameters for voltage, current and/or
frequency, for example, at each zone.
A similar solution is disclosed in document US 2008 0015572
for the treatment of acupuncture points in which the active
electrodes are needles. With this configuration, the
therapist can in no circumstances select the electric current
for the treatment of each neurologically active vascularised
point, as each needle is connected to the same generator.
Documents ES1030072 and ES2304272 disclose particular
embodiments of diathermy devices which comprise pairs of
electrodes connected to independent generators. However, the
treatment of neurologically active vascularised points with
this type of device would require a pair of electrodes for each
of the neurologically active vascularised points. This would
not only cause the difficulty of having to position the active
electrode at each neurologically active vascularised point,
but the spot where each return electrode should be positioned
would also have to be determined precisely.
As it is unique, each neurologically active vascularised point
must be treated with a current that has an amplitude that is
independent of the others. Thus one of the problems to be
solved by the present invention is how to treat different
neurologically active vascularised points with a single
device.
Document US2002/0082653 discloses a pacemaker. Said
pacemakers are classified in the industry sector as
“electromedical apparatus” to differentiate said pacemakers
from “electrotherapy apparatus”. Pacemakers are small
electronic devices that discontinuously and rhythmically
(using bipolar electrodes) excite a heart that is unable to
contract regularly for itself, the electrodes being situated
in the heart. The bipolar electrodes function simultaneously
as anode and cathode and are incorporated in a single physical
unit at a single location.
The present invention relates to a device that performs
moderate diathermy therapy by means of at least two active
electrodes and one return electrode, with the possibility of
monitoring and/or varying the amplitude, frequency and phase
of each of the generators connected to each of the active
electrodes.
The electrodes of the present invention are preferably
electrodes for application to the skin, divided into active
electrodes and return electrodes.
The return electrodes may preferably be a single ring-shaped
plate, also known as neutral electrodes in which the return
plate allows ions to be returned to the active electrode.
The active electrodes are preferably disk-shaped surfaces for
application to the skin surface, although needle-shaped
active electrodes which penetrate the skin tissue are also
possible.
The active electrodes can be differentiated into two types
according to the use thereof: the capacitive electrode, which
is suitable for superficial and vascularised tissue and the
resistive electrode, which is suitable for thick, fatty and
fibrotic tissue. Preferably the active electrodes are
conducting electrodes with no insulating layer.
The present invention relates to an electrotherapy device
which comprises:
a plurality of active electrodes;
a return electrode, wherein the return electrode is in
communication with the plurality of active electrodes via a
tissue; and
a plurality of voltage generators each of the plurality of
voltage generators connected to one of the plurality of active
electrodes;
means for measuring a current flowing through each of the
plurality of active electrodes or a current flowing through
the return electrode; and
a voltage generator controller coupled to each of the
plurality of voltage generators and configured to monitor and
vary a voltage supplied to each of the active electrodes
independently;
wherein respective phases of the supplied voltages are varied
such that the current flowing through the return electrode is
minimised.
In a particular embodiment of the present invention the
controller comprises means for monitoring and/or varying the
phase and/or frequency of the voltage supplied to each of the
active electrodes, as well as the voltage.
Preferably, the maximum values said electrotherapy device
reaches for each of the current outputs of the generator are:
current of 300 mA RMS, voltage of 70 V RMS and/or electric power
of 50 W.
Furthermore, the output signal of each generator is preferably
sinusoidal with a harmonic distortion of less than 50 % and
with a frequency of between 100 kHz and 2 MHz.
Moreover, to be able to monitor and/or vary each of the
generator outputs individually, the controller may be a
digital controller which comprises a microcontroller or a
microprocessor. In other embodiments, the controller may be
a programmable logic circuit from among those known in the
prior art, such as a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or
a complex programmable logic device (CPLD).
In particular embodiments of the present invention the
controller could be an analogue circuit.
To give the device greater flexibility, at least one of the
electrodes may comprise a commutator which switches the active
electrode from a first position connected to the output of the
generator to a second position connected to the return
electrode. Thus, in the first position, the electrode would
be an active electrode and in the second position the electrode
would still be configured as a return electrode.
More preferably, at least one of the electrodes comprises a
temperature sensor.
Preferably the device comprises a single return electrode.
In particular, the active electrodes comprise connection
means to the patient, said means possibly being adhesive means
or suction means, for example, among others.
For a better understanding the accompanying drawings show an
embodiment of the device of the present invention as an
explanatory but not limiting example.
Fig. 1 is an electrical diagram of an embodiment of a device
according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an electrical diagram of a second embodiment of a
device according to the present invention with two active
electrodes.
Fig. 3 is an electrical diagram of a third embodiment of a
device according to the present invention with three active
electrodes.
Fig. 4 is a flow diagram of the method of monitoring and/or
varying the controller of the signal generator.
Fig. 5 shows, by way of example, some of the neurologically
active vascularised points of the human body.
Fig. 1 is a diagram of a device according to the present
invention. Said device has four active electrodes , ,
, and a single return electrode .
To supply current to the active electrodes , , ,
, the device comprises multiple independent voltage
generators , , , which can be regulated
individually and controlled by the controller .
Furthermore, it is possible to arrange amplifiers ,
, , at the output of said generators in some
embodiments of the present invention.
In addition, said controller comprises control means that
allow the frequency, phase and amplitude of the output signal
of each of the generators to be monitored and/or varied. Said
monitoring and/or variation of the output signals of the
generators can be carried out using analogue control circuits
(by means of operational amplifiers or similar) or digital
control circuits (such as microprocessors, microcontrollers,
FPGAs, CPLDs, among others).
Furthermore, to select the parameters of the treatment to be
carried out, data acquisition means are provided. Said
data acquisition means may be analogue means (for example,
potentiometers) or digital means (such as switches, touch
screens, etc.).
For optimal functioning of the controller , it is vital to
have a true measurement of the current that is circulating
through each active electrode. The present invention
envisages an arrangement of current measurement devices at
points , , , at the output of the
amplifiers or generators depending on the configuration of the
device.
Because the neurologically active vascularised points are
fixed points, the active electrodes , , ,
must be in contact with the tissue and remain fixed during
therapy. Consequently, said electrodes may be of the adhesive
patch, suction or equivalent type, for example, and the active
surface thereof is preferably metallic.
Furthermore, said arrangement of fixed electrodes suggests
the provision of means for allowing the electric power to be
limited by limiting the current and/or maximum voltage applied
at each point so as not to damage the tissues by an excessive
rise in temperature.
In a preferred embodiment, the area of the active electrode
should be similar to the area of the neurologically active
vascularised points so that the maximum electric current
selected by the therapist passes through the neurologically
active vascularised point. It has been determined that the
ideal area of the active electrode for treatment of the
neurologically active vascularised points is, at most, 2 cm .
To reduce the impedance between the active electrodes and the
return electrode, at least one of the active electrodes ,
, , may be commutated in order to be converted
into a return electrode. This is achieved by the arrangement
of commutators , , , for selecting
whether the active electrode is connected to the voltage
generator (and, thus, to act as an active electrode) or to the
return electrode (to act as a return electrode).
In addition, each electrode may have a temperature sensor (not
shown) to monitor the temperature of the electrode or the skin.
In a particular embodiment, as can be seen in Fig. 1, Fig. 2
and Fig. 3, the device comprises a single return electrode
.
Fig. 2 shows an electrical impedances model simulating an
embodiment of the present invention which comprises two active
electrodes. In this figure, the use of a first voltage
generator associated with a first active electrode
and a second voltage generator associated with a second
active electrode can be seen. Furthermore there is a
return electrode which closes the circuit.
One of the problems that must be solved in the present
invention is that, as can be seen in the figure, human tissue
offers a series resistance , at the output of each
electrode , which would allow easy calculation of the
voltage that should be applied to each electrode to obtain a
particular current through the tissue; however, the existence
of a common resistance (which is inherent to the tissue)
means that the output current of the electrodes , is
located at a common point causing the output currents
to interfere with each other.
A possible solution would be to arrange a device for measuring
the current that circulates through each of the electrodes
, and modify the voltage of at least one of the
generators iteratively until the required current is obtained
at each of the electrodes , . This voltage
modification can be carried out by automatic means or manually
at each of the generators , .
For example, in Fig. 2 the required current (I ) through
the electrode is 20 mA and the current (I) through
the electrode should be 30 mA. The impedance of the
tissues at 448 kHz is basically resistive, and the reactive
portion thereof can therefore be disregarded. An example of
the values of the equivalent impedances could be:
Impedance at the first series resistance :
Z = 300 ohm
Impedance at the second series resistance :
Z = 600 ohm
Impedance at the common resistance :
Z = 500 ohm
The voltages necessary of the RF generators , and
for I to be 20 mA and I to be 30 mA are:
Voltage at the first generator : V = 31 V
Voltage at the second generator : V = 43 V
With a voltage in common mode (at point ) of:
V = 25 V
In this example, as the common impedance is relatively
high, it results in the input voltages also being high.
If only the electrode is applied, the voltage V
necessary for I = 20 mA would be 16 V, and if only the
electrode is applied for I = 30 mA to hold, the voltage
V would be 33 V; less than 31 V and 43 V when both electrodes
are applied together.
However, it is not always possible to reduce the value of the
common impedance because said impedance depends on the
composition of the tissues and the position of the electrodes.
The effect of the common impedance means that the current of
each electrode depends on the currents of the other
electrodes. This problem can be better understood by referring
to the previous example in which a simplified example with two
RF generators connected to two active electrodes is shown. In
this case, it holds that:
The currents I and I depend on the common voltage V ,
which in turn depends on the value of the currents I and
I .
If for example I is fixed, on increasing the value of
I , the common voltage V - will increase, and this will
-253
cause the voltage between the ends of the impedance Z
to diminish, reducing the value of the current I . If
the voltage V is increased to compensate for this fall,
the common voltage V will increase in the same way, reducing
the value of I .
Another example that further exacerbates this problem is when
the return electrode is at one of the patient’s extremities,
for example on the hand or leg; in this case the common
impedance Z may be at the maximum. The result is that some
neurologically active vascularised points would be treated
excessively and at others there would be a deficit.
The only way to avoid this dependency is for the common
impedance Z where the currents I and I are added
together, to tend to zero.
An alternative proposed by the present invention to reduce the
common voltage is by modifying the phase of the currents of
the electrodes, so that they tend to cancel each other out
causing a reduction in the voltage at the common impedance
Z . In this case we would also have:
V (t) = V sin ωt + φ )
1 O 1
V (t) = V sin ωt + φ )
2 O 2
V (t) = Z [I (t) + I (t)]
If for example the voltage V is out of phase by 180° with
respect to the phase V with φ , = 0 and φ = 180°, for
1 2
the same parameters of I , I , Z , Z and Z ,
selected in the previous example, the currents I , I
will remain, reducing the value of the common voltage V .
The voltages required are:
V = 11 V, and
V = 23 V 180
with a voltage in common mode of V = 5 V 180 .
In this example, a phase variation of 180° has been shown, but
it could be any other phase between 0 and ±180°. By varying
the phases of the signals, the voltage in common mode is
reduced, and therefore lower voltages can be applied to
achieve the same therapeutic current at the neurologically
active vascularised points. Consequently, the electrical
power dissipated by the tissues that are not being treated is
also reduced, as the aim is not deep treatment as in profound
diathermy, but rather treatment close to the neurologically
active vascularised points, which are in the hypodermis.
In an embodiment like that shown in Fig. 3, in which there are
three active electrodes , , each connected to an
independent generator , , there are more
variables to control, since there is a series resistance
, , for each of the electrodes , ,
and two common resistances , which define two
common points , which obstruct said iterative
process at each of the generators to obtain the required
current through each neurologically active vascularised
point.
This simplified electrical model can be scaled to embodiments
in which there are more than three electrodes, bearing in mind
that new common impedances appear between the electrodes. With
the present invention, twelve neurologically active
vascularised points for example can be treated simultaneously
and it is therefore necessary to have a controller that adjusts
the voltage, phase and frequency of each RF generator, so that
the current selected by the therapist circulates through each
active electrode.
A flow diagram of a proposed controller is shown in Fig. 4.
The treatment parameters are selected in said
controller, the impedances at the output of each electrode
are measured and, once the controller has the value of
said parameters available, it actuates the generator (or
group of generators) in order to achieve at the output the
required treatment current at each electrode. This takes place
for all the outputs.
Next, a second measurement is carried out of the current
at each of the outputs. If the measured current for each of
the electrodes (allowing some tolerance, preferably 10 %) is
less than the required current the voltage from the
generator must be increased, if it is greater, it must
be asked if the output current is greater than the required
current (allowing some tolerance).
If the current is greater than the required current, the
voltage of the generator must be reduced. Once the
modifications have been carried out at the generators (if
necessary) there is a pause to stabilise the voltage and
current measurements.
Following this pause a measurement is taken of the output
voltages . If the output voltage is greater than the
maximum permitted voltage (or is close thereto) the voltage
of the generator must be reduced and the phase of the signal
modified. Thus, modification of the phase allows greater
currents, including applying a lower voltage because
alternating current signals are added together.
Once the required current is achieved at an electrode the
process passes to the next channel , corresponding to the
next electrode.
After passing to the next channel, the controller asks if the
treatment is to continue and, if affirmative, carries
out the second current measurement and continues the
process. If a signal to terminate treatment arrives, all the
generators are deactivated.
Fig. 5 shows an example of neurologically active vascularised
points located on the human body . The inventors of the
present invention have located over a thousand neurologically
active vascularised points in humans; however, to give an
example, neurologically active vascularised points have been
shown located at the shoulder , at the front part of the
elbow and below the knees .
Although the invention has been described with respect to
preferred embodiments, said embodiments should not be
considered as limiting the invention, which will be defined
by the widest interpretation of the following claims.
Claims (18)
1. An electrotherapy device comprising: 5 a plurality of active electrodes; a return electrode, wherein the return electrode is in communication with the plurality of active electrodes via a tissue; a plurality of voltage generators each of the plurality of voltage generators connected to one of the plurality of active electrodes; means for measuring a current flowing through each of the 15 plurality of active electrodes or a current flowing through the return electrode; and a voltage generator controller coupled to each of the plurality of voltage generators and configured to monitor and vary a voltage supplied to each of the active electrodes 20 independently; wherein respective phases of the supplied voltages are varied such that the current flowing through the return electrode is minimised. 25
2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the voltage generator controller is further configured to modify the voltage of at least one of the generators iteratively until a predetermined current is obtained at each of the active electrodes.
3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the voltage generator controller comprises means for monitoring and/or varying the phase of the voltage supplied to each of the active electrodes.
4. The device according to either claim 1 or claim 2, wherein 5 the voltage generator controller comprises means for monitoring and/or varying frequency of the voltage supplied to each of the active electrodes.
5. The device according to any one of the preceding claims, 10 wherein through each of the active electrodes there is, at most, a current of 300 mA RMS.
6. The device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein for each of voltage outputs of the voltage generators 15 there is, at most, a voltage of 70 V RMS.
7. The device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each of outlets of the voltage generators has a maximum electric power of 50 W.
8. The device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein signals generated by the voltage generators are sinusoidal signals, with a harmonic distortion of less than 50 %.
9. The device according to any of the preceding claims, wherein signals generated by the voltage generators are signals with a frequency of between 100 kHz and 2 MHz. 30
10. The device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the voltage generator controller comprises a microcontroller.
11. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the voltage generator controller comprises a microprocessor. 5
12. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the voltage generator controller comprises a programmable logic circuit.
13. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein 10 the voltage generator controller is an analogue circuit.
14. The device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the electrodes comprises a commutator which switches the active electrode from a first position 15 connected to output of the voltage generator to a second position connected to the return electrode.
15. The device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the active electrodes comprises a 20 temperature sensor.
16. The device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the active electrodes comprise connection means to the patient.
17. The device according to claim 15, wherein said connection means to the patient are adhesive means.
18. The device according to claim 15, wherein said connection 30 means to the patient are suction means. y 210 201 21 221 ^ y 23 231 f 241 y
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ES201331817A ES2481515B1 (en) | 2013-12-12 | 2013-12-12 | Electrotherapy device |
ESP201331817 | 2013-12-12 | ||
PCT/ES2014/070878 WO2015086873A1 (en) | 2013-12-12 | 2014-11-28 | Electrotherapy device |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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NZ719996A NZ719996A (en) | 2020-10-30 |
NZ719996B2 true NZ719996B2 (en) | 2021-02-02 |
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