NZ714293A - A method and apparatus for Dissipating Thermal Energy from the Body of a Solid State Lighting Element Luminaire to the structural mounting service such as a Street Light Pole - Google Patents

Abstract

A street light arrangement comprising an enclosed vertical support structure having a luminaire mounted directly or indirectly via an outreach, wherein a luminaire is mounted within a pole or to the outreach such that the luminaire receives electrical input from wires extending from a lower end of the pole adjacent a ground surface up through the pole and into the luminaire directly or via the outreach wherein a solid state lighting element driver circuit is disposed at the lower end of the pole and connected to the wires for driving the solid state lighting elements in the luminaire

Description

A method and tus for Dissipating Thermal Energy from the Body of a Solid State Lighting Element Luminaire to the structural mounting service such as a Street Light Pole Field of the Invention The present invention relates to street lights and, in particular, to improved heat dissipation from luminaires having solid state lighting element.

Background Art The invention has been developed primarily in respect of luminaires based on solid state lighting elements such as light emitting diode elements (LEDs), organic light emitting diodes ) elements, polymer light emitting diode elements (PLEDs) and laser diodes (LDs), inter alia and will be described after with reference to these applications, particularly LEDs. However, it will be appreciat ed that the invention is not limited to this particular field of use.

The efficiency of electric lighting has progressed historically from the incandescent bulb h to fluorescent and t fluorescent lighting to the more modern use of LEDs. These come in a range of colours and brightness’s and are lly provided in an array, especially when ing area lighting such as with street . The LED lighting elements are significantly more efficient than compact fluorescent lighting elements let alone incandescent or metal vapour/HID type lighting elements.

The singular efficiency of LED lighting is making its use very prevalent and it will soon be ubiquitous, if it has not already become so. Solid state LED lighting has significantly altered the design parameters typically associated with conventional ng whether indoor, outdoor or even automotive, for example. Advantageously, this includes removing, or significantly reducing standardisation, and other constraints associated with conventional lighting. As a result of this, and the flexibility of the solid state LED lighting s, companies traditionally not directly involved in providing lighting have been able to orate solid state LED light products into various products, for example, street furniture. 5087H-NZ Whilst aesthetic advantages are often provided by integrating the solid state LED lighting within the street furniture, for example, the significant physical constraints of the solid state lighting itself must be addressed. These principally relate to the thermal management of the individual LED lighting elements. As is known, the performance of LED down lights drastically reduces if they are allowed to overheat.

For example, an expected hrs operating life can be reduced to only hundreds of hours, or less, simply by overheating for merely minutes or tens of minutes.

The heat dissipation of the solid state LED lighting elements can be a significant problem, and it is typically known to solve this problem by increasing the thermal efficiency of the luminaire. Most often, this takes the form a heat sink having a increased surface area, usually created by the introduction of regular exterior surfaces such as cooling fins. These known solutions are typically satisfactory in sing the thermal efficiency of heat dissipation of the ire. H owever, the irregularities of the cooling fin surfaces trap airborne particles such as dust as well as provide a home for larger objects such as insects. This consequently reduces the effectiveness of the heat exchange efficiency meaning that over time the increased thermal efficiency can be significantly shed. This is particularly t in outdoor lighting that is exposed to the elements.

Genesis of the ion The genesis of the present invention is a desire to provide a method and apparatus for dissipating thermal energy from the body of a solid state lighting element based luminaire disposed within or depending from a street pole without needing to increase the e area of the luminaire or provide powered g means.

Summary of the ion In accordance with a first aspect of the t invention there is sed a street pole luminaire comprising a body housing a plurality of solid state lighting elements and at least one reflective element and one opposed lensing element or wherein the body is adapted to be mounted to an outreach of a street pole or be mounted within a street pole such that the body includes one or more mountings formed from relatively high thermal conductivity material, each body mounting being adapted to attach to one or more outreach mounts or internal street pole mounts such that each 5087H-NZ outreach mount or internal pole mount is formed from a relatively high l conductively material, the housing mounts being sized to cause the outreach or street pole to actively draw heat from the body for dissipation by the outreach or street pole.

In accordance with a second aspect of the present invention there is disclosed a method of improving the thermal efficiency of a luminaire having one or more solid state lighting elements disposed within a body, the method comprising the steps of forming one or more body mounts and corresponding street pole outreach mounts or internal street pole mounts each from a relatively high thermal conductivity material such that one or more solid state lighting element mounts are integrally formed with or d to the body such that heat from the luminaire body is transferred to the street light pole ch or the street light pole directly.

In accordance with another aspect of the invention there is provided street light arrangement comprising an enclosed vertical support structure having a luminaire mounted ly or indirectly via an outreach, wherein a luminaire is mounted within the pole or to the outreach a predetermined horizontal ground surface such that the luminaire receives electrical input from wires ing from a lower end of the pole nt a ground surface up through the pole and into the luminaire directly or via the outreach wherein a solid state lighting element driver circuit is disposed at the lower end of the pole and connected to the wires for driving the solid state lighting elements in the ire.

It can therefore be seen that there is advantageously provided a method and apparatus whereby the luminaire mounting is able to conduct a not insignificant amount of heat away from the solid state ng elements and ire body sing the need to significantly increase the luminaire surface area or include powered cooling ents such as fans. It will be appreciated that the present invention also advantageously uses the street pole itself or an outreach to dissipate heat which is hitherto unknown, not least because street pole designers use luminaires supplied by lighting lists where each have ently focussed considerations.

Further the toothed or corrugated arrangement of the circumference of the luminaire housing provides additional surface area for heat dissipation without having a bottom 5087H-NZ surface to fill up with dust or other debris. This arrangement of relatively small corrugations or teeth can similarly be is applied to the bottom surface about the luminaire window to further enhance heat dissipation.

Brief Description of the Drawings Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying gs in which: Fig. 1 is a perspective view from below of a street light having the ire according to a first preferred embodiment; Fig. 2 is a bottom view of the ire of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a top view of the luminaire of Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is an elevated perspective view of the luminaire of Fig. 1; Fig. 5A and 5B are side views of the ire of Fig.1; Fig. 6 is an elevated perspective view of the luminaire of Fig.1; Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view along the line 7 – 7 of the ire of Fig. 5B Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view along the line 8 – 8 of the luminaire of Fig. 5A; Fig. 9 is an enlargement of the area 9 of the luminaire of Fig. 7; Fig. 10 is an enlargement of the area 10 of the ire of Fig. 8; Figs. 11A, 11B and 11C show a perspective view closed, an exploded perspective view, and a perspective view open of a luminaire ing to a second preferred embodiment; Fig. 12 is a perspective view from below of a street light having the luminaire according to a third preferred embodiment; Fig. 13 is perspective view from above of the street light of Fig. 12; Fig. 14 is an underside view along the longitudinal length of the luminaire of Fig. 12; Fig. 15 is a cross-section along the line 15 -15 of the luminaire Fig. 14; Fig. 16 is a cross-section along the line 16 - 16 of the luminaire Fig. 14; Fig. 17 is a cross-section along the line 17 - 17 of the luminaire Fig. 14; Fig. 18 is a cross-section along the line 18 - 18 of the luminaire Fig. 14; Fig. 19 is an enlargement of the area 19 of the luminaire Fig. 14; Fig. 20 is a front view of the luminaire of Fig. 14; Fig. 21 is a bottom view of the luminaire of Fig. 14 with lower cover and LED modules removed; 5087H-NZ Fig. 22 is an exploded perspective view of the luminaire of Fig. 12; Fig. 23 is two lower perspective views of a street light pole having a luminaire according to another preferred embodiment; Fig. 24 is side view of the street light pole of Fig. 23; Fig. 25 is a cross-section along the line 25 - 25 of Fig. 24; Fig. 26 is an enlargement of the area 26 of Fig. 25; Fig. 27 is a cross-section along the line 27 - 27 of Fig. 24; and Fig. 28 is a cut-away schematic side view of a street light having a luminaire according to a further preferred embodiment of the invention.

Detailed Description Referring to the drawings generally, it will be appreciated that like nce numerals have been used to denote like components unless expressly noted otherwise. ing to Fig. 1 there is shown a street light 1. Street light 1 includes a substantially vertical pole 2 preferably formed from one or more extruded aluminium or aluminium alloy sections as is the case for all preferred embodiments hereinafter Mounted to, and extending from the pole 2 is an luminaire arm 3 extending between a first end 4 d to the pole 2 and terminating at a pair of spaced apart hands 5.

The hands 5 each terminate at a hand mount heat sink 6.

Intermediate each hand mount heat sink 6 there is mounted a luminaire 7 according to the red embodiment. Figs. 6 to 10 best show the luminaire 7. The luminaire 7 es a housing 8 formed from a top half 9 and an opposing bottom half 10. The housing top half 9 is hingedly mounted to the opposing bottom half 10 by means of a hinge 11. This is best shown in Figs. 3, 7 and 9. The hinge allows the upper and lower halves 9 and 10 of the housing 8 to be moved apart from one another.

The hinge 11 includes a hinge arm 12 attached to the housing upper half 9. The hinge arm 12 is able to rotate and is d to the housing lower half 10 adjacent the hinge arm 12. A hinge fixing 13 retains the hinge arm distal end 12 to the luminaire housing top half 9. 5087H-NZ In use, screws 14 extend through the lower housing half 10 and engage with the top housing half 9 to retain the two in place. This allows the housing halves 9 and 10 to be swung apart as desired.

The housing 8 further includes generally cylindrical heat sinks 15 disposed on te sides of the housing 8. Half of the heat sinks 15 are formed on the housing upper half 9 and the other half of the housing heat sink 15 is mounted or disposed on the adjacent luminaire housing lower half 10 so that the two halves 9 and 10 are moved together when closed. The arm mount heat sinks 6 are ed to the housing heat sink 15 such that the arm mount heat sink 6 ts the corresponding housing heat sink 15. The hand mount heat sinks 6 are bolted to the upper half of the ire housing 9 to the housing heat sinks portions 15. In this way, luminaire housing half 10 is free to be swung away whilst the upper half is retained to the hand mount heat sinks 6.

That is, the lower half of the luminaire g 10 can swing away downwardly.

However, it will be appreciated in other embodiments (not illustrated) the alternative or converse can occur where the lower half of the housing heat sink 15 is bolted to the hand mounts heat sink 6. Thus the hand heat sink 6 still contacts the other half of heat sink 15 when the housing is closed, but the top half 10 is otherwise free to swing away.

The circumferential edge 17 formed about the upper and lower halves 9 and 10 of the housing 8 when nt includes a plurality of spaced apart radially extending fins or grooves18. The fins 18 provide a significant increase in surface area about the circumference allowing greater heat dissipation from housing heat sinks 15 through hand mounts heat sinks 6. The downwardly facing face 19 of the lower half of the luminaire housing 10 also includes a plurality of fins 18 that extend downwardly.

These also significantly increase the surface are of the luminaire for heat conduction.

In each case ferential fins 20 and the lower fins 20 (Fig. 2) do not intrinsically accumulate dirt, dust, and other debris and so have a significantly more useful effect in the long term in conducting heat away from the ire by conduction. The 5087H-NZ g 8 of the red embodiment includes a pair of spaced apart and sealed LED lighting units 22 each having a plurality of LED lighting elements (not dually illustrated).

As best seen in Fig. 10, each LED ng unit 22 includes a reflective element 23 and a spaced apart LED unit window 24. The LED reflective element 23 has an e down’ housing with an open lower face which accommodates the LED unit window 24.

The LED reflective element 23 containing the LED lighting elements is formed form a heat conductive material. LED element heat conduction fins 26 are thermally in contact with the LED reflective element 23. The LED element heat conduction fins 26 are in the form of a plurality of spaced apart and parallel cooling fins. Unlike conventional arrangements, the cooling fins project downwardly towards the top of the LED reflective element 23 and are ted at an upper end at the housing top half 9. Most advantageously, the LED element heat conduction fins 26 will not fill up with dust or debris as the fins extend downwardly.

However, as with the embodiment of Figs 1-10, the second red embodiment it is found that the upper half 9 of the luminaire housing 8 will typically be hotter than the bottom half 10 due to the contiguous t between the heat fins 26 and the LED module body 45 to the top half 9 whereas substantially only a periphery of the LED modules 21 contacts the lower body mounts 15. A temperature gradient may then be seen between portions of the mounts 15 on the top half 9 and those portions on the bottom half.

Although not shown in the embodiment of Figs 1-10, the embodiment of Fig. 11 includes a light sensor in the form of a photovoltaic switch 37 which is equally applicable if desired to the first preferred embodiment. When light below a predetermined intensity is sensed the luminaire 7 is caused to actuate.

As best shown in Fig. 3, the housing top half 9 and housing lower half 10 each e a heat conductor 28 and 31 respectively, each being formed at an inner surface of halves 9 and 10. The heat conductors 28 and 31 are shaped to conform to the outer 5087H-NZ housing of the LED reflective element 23 to actively move heat away from the g top and bottom halves 9 and 10 and the LED units 21. The heat conductors 28 and 31 each extend from a side or periphery of the LED units 22 and terminate at the housing heat sinks 15 on the lower and top half 9 and 10 of the housing respectively.

In use, the heat conductors 28 and 31 actively move heat from the LED lighting elements and the housing through to the hand heat sinks 6 such that the arm hand 5 form part of the heat tion path to move heat away from the LED lighting units 22 and luminaire 7.

Whilst icant heat dissipation still occurs through the housing 8 including the circumference 17 and downward facing face 19, the heat conductors 28 and 31 allow a surprisingly large amount of heat to be moved away from the LED lighting units 22.

It will be appreciated that the heat conductors 28 and 31 as well as the housing heat sinks 15 and the hand heat sinks 6 can be formed from a higher l conductively material than the housing upper and lower halves 9 and 10.

The heat conductors 28 and 31 are formed on the inside of the upper and lower g halves 9 and 10 further advantageously have a relatively small e. It will be appreciated that screws, pins, or bolts mounting the hand heat sinks 6 to the housing heat sinks 15 can be used, as can relatively high thermal conductively materials if desired.

Referring to Figs 11A- 11C, there is shown a second preferred embodiment of the luminaire 77 which is a modification of the luminaire 7 the street light 1 of Fig. 1. In this embodiment, the luminaire 77 differs in several respects but still conducts a notinsignificant amount of heat from housing heat sinks or body mounts 15. It is noted that three luminaire body mounts 15 are shown on each side of the luminaire body.

This will allow any corresponding pair of mounts 15 to be ed to corresponding outreach heat sink mounts 6 and consequently three different mounting angles. Most apparently, heat conductors 28 and 31 are d and the body 8 is formed substantially from a high thermal conductivity material such as aluminium or alloy thereof, or copper, for example. The body parts 9 and 10 substitute for conductors 28 5087H-NZ and 31 in transferring heat from the LED modules to the body mounts 15 for transfer to the outreach 3. r difference is that the fins or grooves 18 are only disposed about the circumference of the lower body portion 9. The fins 18 join or terminate at the lower face fins 20 extending from the lower face 19 of the luminaire 77 and are integrally formed in the lower portion 10 of the housing 8.

Referring to Figs 12-22 generally, there is shown various views of a street pole luminaire 87 according to a third preferred embodiment. Figs 12 and 13 show ide and elevated perspective views respectively of the street light 1 (pole 2 not being illustrated). The luminaire 87 is substantially longitudinal and extends between a terminating end 36 and a ng end 35 ed to outreach 3 via a pair of el spaced apart arms 5 and outreach mount 6 (not illustrated in Figs 12-22). The outreach mount 6, although not illustrated, is preferably a head or boss member extending from the outreach 3 and is received within the luminaire 87.

Fig. 16 shows a circular aperture 40 disposed at mounting end 35. The aperture 40 has a pair of grub screws 41 radially movable to retain the heat or boss member forming outreach mount 6. Aperture 40 has a pair of longitudinally spaced apart semi-circular clamps 42 forming part of the aperture when view from the end (Fig.

Similarly to the first or second red ments of Figs 1 to 10 and Figs 11 respectively, the embodiment of Figs 12-22 includes sealed LED lighting modules 21, a longitudinally spaced apart pair, mounted to the ire body 8. An LED module 21 housing 45 has an upper face contiguous with, or closely adjacent to, heat conduction fins 46 disposed thereover.

As best seen in seen Fig. 17, the fins 46 face downwardly toward the housing 45 and most preferably the ends of the fins 46 contact housing 45. In this preferred embodiment, the heat conduction fins 46 are integrally formed with the body 8 and extend downwardly therefrom. Preferably, the body is formed from an aluminium or alloy thereof. Perhaps best seen in Figs 21 and 22, the heat fins extend substantially 5087H-NZ the longitudinal length of the body 8.The space between the heat conduction fins 46 form a plurality of udinally spaced apart channels 48.

The channels 48 are spaced apart to receive heat bridges 50 in the form of tubes or rods 50 therebetween such that the tubes 50 are contiguous with adjacent fins 44 and the housing 45 of the LED light modules 21. Tubes 50 extend part or all of the longitudinal length of the housing 8 and one or more thereof terminate in channels within aperture 40. In this way, the outreach mount 6 (head or boss, not illustrated) when received in aperture 40 and clamped thereto by grub screws 41 causes the tubes 50 to contact with the head 6. In this way, heat from the tubes 50 is transferred from the relatively hot areas on the LED module gs 45 longitudinally via the tubes 50 terminating at the aperture 40.

The tubes or heat bridges 50 extend in combination so that one or more tubes 50 extend substantially the longitudinal length of the LED modules 21. The heat bridges in the preferred embodiment are tubes that are formed from a relatively high thermal conductively material such as copper or aluminium or an alloy thereof. The tubes 50 are sealed at each end and are filled with a liquid. The liquid within each tube 50 is selected to entially increase the heat capacity to allow heat absorption and transfer which advantageously prevents any of the tubes from ise locally overheating (particularly adjacent module housings 45).

In this preferred embodiment, it was most surprisingly found that significant amounts of heat are transferred to the mount heat sink 6. For example, when example LED module 21 es about 40W of power, the mount heat sink or boss 6 can become too hot to touch and in an r nment, particularly after dusk when street lighting is required, the outreach 3 arms 5 then dissipate significant heat from the luminaire 7.

The luminaire87 has an enclosing cover 8 and includes a photovoltaic or other light sensor 37 disposed on a face of the luminaire at the terminating end 36. The sensor 37 is used to detect ambient light levels and actuate the ire 7 accordingly. 5087H-NZ Turning now to a fourth preferred embodiment, Figs 23 to 27 illustrate different views of a street pole luminaire 97 in which the luminaire is recessed or disposed within the street pole 2. A plurality of lighting modules 21 are disposed within a body or housing 45 having a removable window 24 wherein the body 45 is disposed within the street pole 2 whereby the marginal edge 51 and window 24 form a cover over the pole 2. The body 45 includes body mount heat sink 15 ed partly or substantially about the marginal edge 51 attached to the street pole 2 such that the pole acts to draw heat from the body 45. Advantageously, the light s 21 are mounted to the body 45 so that thermal energy is transferred to the marginal edges of the body 45 to be transferred to, and dissipated by, the street pole 2.

It can be seen that the module 21 has a housing contiguous with the pole 2 and extending within the pole to contain, in the red embodiment, multiple LED lights 52 disposed at an adjustable angle within the range from about 40o to about 85o, for example 60o to illuminate an adjacent area below. It will be appreciated that the module housing 45 opposite window 24 can be mounted to, or be contiguously with, an internal flange extending within the pole via a body heat sink mount 15 so that further heat is transferred to the pole 2 in on to the heat transferred about the marginal edge 51 of the body 45 to the pole 2.

A further preferred embodiment of the invention is rated in Fig. 28. In this preferred embodiment, a luminaire 70 is mounted to a street pole 71. In this preferred embodiment, the mounting is via an arm 72.

This preferred embodiment is advantageous in that the luminaire 70 simply has low e DC or AC electrical wires for g the LED lighting elements in the luminaire 70 and no other driver elements or circuitry are contained within or mounted to the luminaire 70. This has the impact of minimising the heat that needs to be dissipated from the housing of the luminaire 70. The electrical connections or wires 73 can also e bundles for sensing apparatus or the like. The wires extend through the arm 72 into the pole 71 and terminate at or about ground level where the driver elements and circuitry 74 are disposed. These are connected to mains electricity or another ical power source. 5087H-NZ In addition to reducing the heat generated in luminaire 70, the positioning of the driver circuitry 74 close to street level removes the need for ladders or other elevated platforms or the like to be used when servicing the driver circuitry 74 of the luminaire 70. It will be appreciated that the driver circuitry or the like is more likely to fail than the LED lighting units in ire 70 and so access to the driver circuitry is most desired and is best kept nt to ground level to minimising inconvenience to servicing.

In each of the aforementioned embodiments, a surprising amount of heat from the luminaire body is transferred to the street pole when mounted therein or a street pole outreach. This is achieved relatively simply and inexpensively and the use of the rods or tubes improves thermal transfer and is vely inexpensive ed to, say, cooling fans and has the further benefit of having no moving parts.

The foregoing describes only various preferred embodiments of the present invention and cations, obvious to those d in the arts, can be made thereto without departing from the scope of the present invention. For example, in the ment of Figs. 1-27, one or more outreach arms 5 can be employed to retain the luminaire 7 in place relative to the pole. It will be further appreciated that a pair of arms or a single arm 3 can be provided. Further, the heat conductors 28 and 31 as well as housing heat sinks 15 and hand heat sinks 6 can be shaped to maximise contact surface area n tive elements and to maximise heat transfer. C onductors 28 & 31 can also be used in the third & fourth preferred embodiments, if desired. Likewise, tubes 50 can be used in the first two preferred embodiments of Figs 1 to 12 provided they are terminated adjacent the body heat sink/s 15.

The term "comprising" (and its grammatical variations) as used herein is used in the inclusive sense of "including" or "having" and not in the exclusive sense of "consisting only of". 5087H-NZ

Claims (12)

1. A street light arrangement comprising an ed vertical support structure having a ire mounted directly or indirectly via an outreach, wherein a luminaire is mounted within a pole or to the outreach such that the luminaire receives electrical input from wires extending from a lower end of the pole adjacent a ground surface up through the pole and into the luminaire directly or via the outreach wherein a solid state lighting element driver circuit is disposed at the lower end of the pole and connected to the wires for driving the solid state ng elements in the luminaire.

2. A street light according to claim 1 wherein the luminaire comprises rising a body housing a plurality of solid state lighting elements and at least one reflective t and one opposed lensing element therefor wherein the body is adapted to be mounted to an outreach of a street pole vertical support structure or be mounted within the street pole such that the body includes one or more mountings formed from relatively high thermal conductivity material, each body mounting being adapted to attach to one or more outreach mounts or internal street pole mounts such that each outreach mount or internal pole mount is formed from a relatively high thermal conductively material, the housing mounts being sized to cause the outreach or street pole to actively draw heat from the body for dissipation by the outreach or street pole.

3. A street light according to claim 2 n the solid state lighting elements are disposed within one or more spaced apart solid state lighting element modules.

4. A street light according to claim 3 wherein the solid state lighting elements are light emitting diode elements (LEDs), organic light ng diodes (OLEDs) elements, polymer light emitting diode elements (PLEDs), or laser diodes (LDs).

5. A street light ing to any one of claims 2 to 4 including a thermally conductive paste or grease disposed intermediate each body mount ed to each outreach mount or internal street pole mount.

6. A street light ing to any one of claims 2 to 5 wherein each body mount and each ch or internal street pole mounts have correspondingly profiled surfaces to increase the surface area engagement thereof.

7. A street light according to claim 3 wherein the solid state ng element modules are mounted directly to the body. 5087H-NZ

8. A street light according to claim 7 wherein a surface of each solid state ng module mounted to the body is profiled and/or es a plurality of spaced apart fins facing each module.

9. A street light according to claim 3 or 8 including one or more spaced apart heat bridges disposed intermediate the body and each solid state lighting element module, the heat bridges extending individually or in combination substantially the length of the body such that one or more heat bridges terminate at or adjacent to one or more body mounts.

10. A street light according to claim 9 including a longitudinally extending body having a plurality of spaced apart solid state ng element modules disposed in substantially the same plane, the body having a single body mount adapted to attach to one or more outreach mounts along one end of the body.

11. A street light ing to claim 10 n an internal face of the body and/or each solid state lighting module is profiled to receive or lly receive the heat bridges to conform them thereto.

12. A street light according to claim 11 wherein the heat bridges are formed from rods or tubes, preferably tubes sealed eat each end, most preferably liquid filled tubes being sealed wherein the liquid in each tube increases the heat capacity of type of tubes. Dated this 25th of January 2022 HUB INNOVATIONS PTY LTD FRASER OLD & SOHN Patent Attorneys for the Applicant 5087H-NZ tf zt ffi{' o FIG l zf zt I .1 2