NZ708493A - Compositions for depositing agents using highly volatile silicone solvents - Google Patents
Compositions for depositing agents using highly volatile silicone solventsInfo
- Publication number
- NZ708493A NZ708493A NZ708493A NZ70849312A NZ708493A NZ 708493 A NZ708493 A NZ 708493A NZ 708493 A NZ708493 A NZ 708493A NZ 70849312 A NZ70849312 A NZ 70849312A NZ 708493 A NZ708493 A NZ 708493A
- Authority
- NZ
- New Zealand
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- skin
- compositions
- dow corning
- hexamethyldisiloxane
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title description 48
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 210000003491 Skin Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 230000002070 germicidal Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- -1 polydimethylsiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lauric acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- FRPZMMHWLSIFAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Undecylenic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC=C FRPZMMHWLSIFAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229960002703 undecylenic acid Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- UQEAIHBTYFGYIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hexamethyldisiloxane Chemical group C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C UQEAIHBTYFGYIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 229940073561 hexamethyldisiloxane Drugs 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000004166 Lanolin Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229940039717 Lanolin Drugs 0.000 claims description 19
- 235000019388 lanolin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000003750 conditioning Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000516 sunscreening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000475 sunscreen Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002633 protecting Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960003921 Octisalate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Simethicone Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940079593 drugs Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000077 insect repellent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003589 local anesthetic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- WCJLCOAEJIHPCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl 2-hydroxybenzoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O WCJLCOAEJIHPCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930003231 vitamins Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940087203 DODECAMETHYLPENTASILOXANE Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- FBZANXDWQAVSTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecamethylpentasiloxane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C FBZANXDWQAVSTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012180 soy wax Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000018936 Vitellaria paradoxa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001135917 Vitellaria paradoxa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane Chemical compound C[Si]1(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O1 XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940088594 Vitamin Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229960000686 Benzalkonium Chloride Drugs 0.000 description 31
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 25
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 21
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 17
- 238000011012 sanitization Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 9
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iso-propanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229960001716 benzalkonium Drugs 0.000 description 7
- CYDRXTMLKJDRQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl-dodecyl-dimethylazanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 CYDRXTMLKJDRQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229940086555 cyclomethicone Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 6
- NNJVILVZKWQKPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Xylocaine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC(=O)NC1=C(C)C=CC=C1C NNJVILVZKWQKPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000845 anti-microbial Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229960004194 lidocaine Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 206010049796 Excoriation Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 229960005015 Local anesthetics Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 229940083877 Local anesthetics for treatment of hemorrhoids and anal fissures for topical use Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 201000009910 diseases by infectious agent Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940064003 local anesthetic throat preparations Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004264 Petrolatum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940066842 Petrolatum Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229940029983 VITAMINS Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229940046009 Vitamin E Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229930003427 Vitamin E Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 229940021016 Vitamin IV solution additives Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 3
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019271 petrolatum Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000002335 preservative Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003712 vitamin E derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960001950 Benzethonium Chloride Drugs 0.000 description 2
- UREZNYTWGJKWBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Benzethonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(C(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C)=CC=C1OCCOCC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 UREZNYTWGJKWBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XAKFRWVQEKLTTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCCC[SiH](C)O[SiH3] Chemical compound CCCCCC[SiH](C)O[SiH3] XAKFRWVQEKLTTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000229754 Iva xanthiifolia Species 0.000 description 2
- 229940057910 Shea butter Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N all-trans-retinol Chemical compound OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004599 antimicrobial Substances 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006210 lotion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotinamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 229960005274 Benzocaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BLFLLBZGZJTVJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzocaine Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 BLFLLBZGZJTVJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000016068 Berberis vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000335053 Beta vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010012444 Dermatitis diaper Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000003105 Diaper Rash Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010018987 Haemorrhage Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001182492 Nes Species 0.000 description 1
- 229940111630 Tea Tree Oil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940035295 Ting Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XEFQLINVKFYRCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triclosan Chemical compound OC1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl XEFQLINVKFYRCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFCGDEUVHLPRCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [dimethyl(trimethylsilyloxy)silyl]oxy-dimethyl-trimethylsilyloxysilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C YFCGDEUVHLPRCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013871 bee wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012166 beeswax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000740 bleeding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000319 bleeding Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229950006877 dodecanoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003522 irritant Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002085 irritant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000021 irritant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229940033355 lauric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000171 lavandula angustifolia l. flower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003020 moisturizing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003966 nicotinamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000005152 nicotinamide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011570 nicotinamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HMMGMWAXVFQUOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane Chemical compound C[Si]1(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O1 HMMGMWAXVFQUOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019645 odor Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002674 ointment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003223 protective agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003471 retinol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000020944 retinol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011607 retinol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003009 skin protective agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005063 solubilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101700082413 tant Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000010677 tea tree oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000699 topical Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003500 triclosan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000029663 wound healing Effects 0.000 description 1
Abstract
Disclosed herein composition comprising a skin conditioner/protectant, a highly volatile silicone solvent, and a polydimethylsiloxane having a viscosity of 50,000 cSt or greater, wherein said composition is substantially free of water, and wherein the composition does not comprise a germicide selected from the group alkyl quaternary ammonium germicides, lauric acid and undecylenic acid. Also disclosed are methods of application of the compositions to the skin. ed from the group alkyl quaternary ammonium germicides, lauric acid and undecylenic acid. Also disclosed are methods of application of the compositions to the skin.
Description
“COMPOSITIONS FOR DEPOSITING AGENTS
USING HIGHLY VOLATILE SILICONE SOLVENTS
Field of the Invention
The invention relates to the field of quickly and efficiently depositing agents, and
films ning agents onto skin and other biological es using highly volatile
silicone compositions, which itions are capable of depositing a variety of
such agents, including germicidal/antimicrobial/sanitizing agents, skin conditioning
and/or protective agents, sunscreen agents, and others. Particularly, the invention
relates to such novel compositions, and with additional optional ingredients such as
nces, colorants, and the like.
Background of the Invention
The es for application of materials to skin overwhelmingly tend to be in the
form of aqueous-based systems. In such systems the materials to be applied are
either in on or suspension and can be thickened to create gels, lotions, and
creams. Although water is volatile, it takes erable time to evaporate,
especially for creams. Such aqueous-based systems require the use of
preservatives and can require considerable time to “rub-in”. The least common
application system for skin is an ointment or paste, which is messy and leaves a
residual layer of viscous, tacky material. There is a need to deliver materials to skin
in such a way as to avoid preservatives, odors (such as alcohols), and the potential
for cooling, burning, and ng (such as is found with alcohols), substantially free
of water. There is also a need to complete the application process in a short time,
such as in a few seconds, and to apply materials in such a way as to leave the skin
feeling smooth and not tacky.
zer products are known in the art which ze skin and a variety of surfaces
to render them germ-free. Germicidal products range from spray solutions to
bactericidal hand soaps. These products evidence the desire of people to maintain
2012/042993
germ-free environments, minimizing exposure to harmful bacteria and other
microorganisms, by ting chemicals on surfaces which kill such sms. In
addition to the desire to sanitize such surfaces as kitchen counters, bathroom sinks,
toilet seats, and the like, it would also be desirable to retain the germicidal chemical
on the surface to maintain sanitizing character to the surface for an extended period
of time. There are numerous products (see for example
http://www.artandopinion.com/2007_v6_n6/glaser-triclosan.htm) that n the
chemical triclosan, and agents such as tea tree oil or benzalkonium chloride, which
are known to kill microorganisms. Perhaps the most common surface sanitizer is
one that contains alcohol in a gel or spray formulation. l-based products tend
to dry the skin, they can burn and sting, and they do not retain antimicrobial activity.
These and other products also require considerable time for “rubbing in” or “drying”
of the formulation.
There is a need in the art to deposit antimicrobial agents on surfaces not only to
sanitize the surface of harmful microorganisms, but advantageously to retain such
agent on the e in order to provide sanitizing conditions to the surface for an
extended period of time.
Skin conditioning agents are lly applied as lotions or creams, which are
aqueous based and require preservatives and “rub in” to evaporate the water. There
is a need to apply conditioning als to skin without water and which requires
only a few seconds and can leave conditioning agents on skin. Likewise, there is a
need to apply such agents as sunscreens in highly retentive films in a matter of
seconds.
The art is in need of superior itions, substantially free of water, and free of
the problems of today’s known film-depositing compositions.
Summary of the Invention
The disadvantages of both s based systems and alcohol based systems can
be avoided by using a nonaqueous ry system based on highly volatile silicone
fluids (such as hexamethyldisiloxane and octamethyltrisiloxane) as the highly volatile
carrier for a myriad of materials. Such systems can be used to deliver antimicrobial
, skin conditioning agents, retentive polymers, skin feel agents, skin protective
agents, and other materials in a fluid that spreads and evaporates in a few seconds.
Such systems can be sprayed onto skin without rubbing, which is a particular
advantage for persons applying materials to legs and feet and where touching is
undesirable. Elderly persons, for e, have particular ulty bending over
and rubbing topical ts on their legs and feet, and these s allow for the
elderly to apply beneficial agents such as sanitizers and skin conditioning agents
rapidly and without rubbing or having to reach their feet. In another aspect, a highly
viscous and tacky polymer such as a high molecular weight silicone r can be
applied as a skin protectant for diaper rash tion in a few seconds, leaving the
skin smooth and non-tacky, as contrasted to the highly viscous and sticky pastes
that are ly used. Compositions of the invention can advantageously be
applied to broken skin such as abrasions without pain and touching. Agents can
thereby be delivered to the skin in a few seconds leaving behind the agents or a thin
film ning the desired agent, from antimicrobial protection and skin conditioning,
to sunscreen protection and others.
One aspect of the invention provides delivery of sanitizer/antimicrobial ingredients to
a surface with a system that does not n high levels of alcohol, and which can
be applied within 5 s or less. Furthermore this system can provide for the
retention of the sanitizer as well as extended protection for the surface or skin, and it
may contain other agents for conditioning and lubricating skin as well as other
cosmetically desired ingredients. Such a system may be a non-viscous fluid that can
be sprayed onto a surface, that deposits within a few seconds a thin film of sanitizing
formulation with or without rubbing. Thus it may easily and rapidly be used for
application to feet and other surfaces which are hard to reach. The system can also
2012/042993
be applied to a y of surfaces, such as leather, wood, clothing, and the like,
without the disadvantages ated with aqueous and alcohol-based products.
The present invention thereby overcomes the problems of known sanitizer
compositions. ularly, the invention permits the ry of sanitizer ingredients
to a surface wherein the sanitizer composition avoids the disadvantages of known
sanitizer compositions, (e.g., does not burn, sting, or dry the skin), and which can be
applied quickly (e.g., within 5 seconds or less) without the need to “rub in”.
Furthermore the compositions of the invention are capable of providing for the
retention of the sanitizer on the surface (skin or other surfaces) and thereby maintain
sanitizing protection for the skin and other surfaces.
The invention es compositions and methods for delivering a sanitizing agent
(e.g., benzalkonium chloride) to a surface to not only sanitize the e but to
provide sanitization for an extended period of time. The agent ally may be
applied in a thin film; more specifically, the invention provides the ability to r
such a film via a liquid that can be sprayed or placed on a surface by using a highly
volatile solvent such that the film can be formed/spread quickly and conveniently.
For example, such a system can be sprayed onto the skin, on household surfaces,
or even animals (and either be spread or not) and it will dry within a few seconds to
provide a thin film that is invisible but yet which can provide extended sanitization for
several hours.
In one aspect, the ion provides a composition containing benzalkonium
chloride dissolved in a highly le ne liquid optionally containing a film-
forming silicone polymer. Spraying a small quantity of such a sanitizer composition
onto skin will deposit within a few seconds a thin film containing benzalkonium
chloride such that the skin retains its smooth feel despite the fact that the thin
sanitizing film remains thereon. This system provides a rapid and convenient way to
provide immediate and long-lasting santitization protection. Other le
germicidal agents may be used, alone or in combination, such as alkyl quaternary
ammonium germicides (including benzethonium chloride), lauric acid, undecylenic
acid, and the like.
In other aspects of the invention, other optional desirable ingredients may be
included and deposited in a like manner and in combination. Thus, in some aspects,
the compositions of the invention may contain other additional ingredients such as
skin conditioners, local anesthetics (e.g., lidocaine and the like), sunscreens, insect
repellents, fragrances, colorants, drugs, nutrients, and ns. Such a sanitizing
composition is generally a scous fluid that can be d onto a surface,
depositing within a few seconds a very thin film of sanitizing formulation without
rubbing, although g is optional. Thus it may easily and rapidly be used for
application to feet and other hard to reach surfaces. The compositions of the
invention may ageously be applied to a wide variety of ordinary items, such as
leather, wood, clothing, etc., without the problems associated with other aqueous
and alcohol-based products.
In still other aspects of the ion, the composition does not include a sanitizing
agent, but instead ns such skin conditioners, local anesthetics (e.g., lidocaine
and the like), eens, insect repellents, fragrances, colorants, drugs, nts,
and vitamins. Any combination of such ingredients may be aspects of the invention.
Thus, in one aspect, the invention provides a composition for depositing an agent to
a surface, the composition comprising an effective amount of the agent, a highly
volatile silicone solvent, and optionally a film-forming polymer. The solvent may be
selected from hexamethyl disiloxane and octamethyl trisiloxane, and . The
polymer may be a polydimethylsiloxane 0cSt or greater). The highly viscous
silicone polymers are highly sticky and tacky but surprisingly when applied according
to the invention, the skin feels lubricated and the film is highly rententive and
protective, particularly from water-soluble irritants. The agent may be selected from a
germicide, a skin conditioner/protectant, and a sunscreen, or others.
In a idal aspect of the invention, the germicide may be selected from
benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, lauric acid, and undecylenic acid.
In a skin conditioner/protectant aspect of the invention, the skin
conditioner/protectant may be selected from Croda’s Liquid Medilan TM Ultra (lanolin
oil (LO)), petrolatum (WP), Croda’s MedilanTM USP and Medilan Ultra-lanolins, Dow
Corning® Soy wax, Dow Corning® Cosmetic wax, Shea butter,
dodecamethylpentasiloxane (2.0cSt), Dow Corning® ST-Cyclomethicone5-NF, Dow
Corning® 9040, and ST Elastomer 10.
In a sunscreen aspect of the ion, the sunscreen may be octyl salicylate.
In some s of the invention, optional ingredients may be present in the
composition, such as those selected from a local anesthetic, an insect repellent, a
fragrance, a colorant, a drug, and a vitamin.
In another aspect of the invention, the composition is in a functionally useful form,
such as a solution, a dispersion, a gel, and a semi-solid.
In another aspect, the invention includes a method of applying a composition of the
invention by administering the composition to the desired surface, such as the skin.
In some aspects, the composition is in a liquid form in a spray bottle, while other
forms are readily stered by direct application.
Such aspects of the invention are generally ntially free of water.
These and other objects are ed through the present ion as exemplified
and further described in the Detailed Description of the Invention below.
Detailed Description of the Invention
In l, the compositions of the invention se an effective amount of an
agent mixed with a highly volatile silicone t. Optionally, the compositions may
further comprise a film-forming polymer. The solvent and polymer permit the
application of the agent such that the solvent rapidly evaporates, leaving a thin film
comprised of the polymer and the agent.
In one embodiment, for example, a sanitizing composition of the invention contains
an effective amount of a idal agent in a highly volatile silicone solvent. In its
simplest form, the invention can be made by dissolving benzalkonium chloride, or
other germicide, in a highly volatile silicone solvent such as hexamethyldisiloxane
(HDS) and/or octamethyltrisiloxane. Typical levels of benzalkonium chloride are
0.13% or less. A small amount (less than about 3%) of a low molecular weight
l such as isopropyl alcohol or ethanol may be used to help solubilize polar
germicides like benzalkonium chloride.
In order to form an invisible but retentive film which maintains the germicidal agent
on the surface, a film-forming polymer may be included in the composition. These
include protecting/conditioning materials such as high viscosity
polydimethylsiloxanes (about 15,000cSt and r) -highly protective and retentive
to skin. Certain skin ioning agents that are somewhat retentive include
Croda’s Liquid MedilanTM Ultra (lanolin oil (LO)), petrolatum (WP), Croda’s Medilan TM
USP and Medilan TM Ultra-lanolins, Dow Corning® Soy wax, and Dow Corning®
Cosmetic wax. Certain “skin feel” agents are also potentially ive, such as
moderately volatile nes like dodecamethylpentasiloxane t),
decamethyltetrasiloxane, and Dow Corning® ST-Cyclomethicone5-NF and gels such
as Dow Corning® 9040 and ST Elastomer 10.
In other embodiments, the agent is a component such as local anesthetics,
sunscreens, insect repellents, fragrances, colorants, drugs, nts, and vitamins.
Highly volatile silicone solvents
Many highly volatile silicone ts are suitable for use in the present invention.
thyldisiloxane is one preferred such solvent, as is thyltrisiloxane.
The compositions of the invention may have a single highly volatile silicone solvent,
or may comprise a combination of more than one such solvents.
Film-forming polymers
In some embodiments of the invention, it is desired to maintain the activity of the
agent for an extended period of time following its ation. In such cases, a film-
forming polymer may be included in the composition which, upon volatilization of the
silicone solvent, (i.e., as the applied composition dries) forms a thin film, substantially
invisible and substantially undetectable to touch, which film contains the still-active
germicidal agent. Such film-forming polymers are known in the art, and include, but
are not limited to, less volatile silicone compounds, such as s, or highly
s silicone polymers, such as polydimethylsiloxanes (50,000cSt or greater).
The compositions of the invention may have a single film-forming polymer, or may
comprise a combination of two or more such polymers.
idal agents
Those of skill in the art will iate that there are many germicidal agents suitable
for use in the t ion. While many of the embodiments and examples
recited herein use benzalkonium chloride as the germicidal agent, such agents
include all alkyl quaternary ammonium germicides, honium chloride, lauric
acid, undecylenic acid, and others known to those of skill in the art. Certain
quaternary ammonium germicides may require alcohol to be added to the
composition in order to facilitate their solubilization in the highly volatile silicone.
Skin conditioners
In other embodiments, the composition of the invention may comprise agents
directed to skin care in l included in the formulation. Thus, for example, the
ition may include such agents as protecting/conditioning materials such as
super high viscosity polydimethylsiloxanes (50,000cSt-1,000,000cSt), Croda’s Liquid
Medilan TM Ultra (lanolin oil (LO)), petrolatum (WP), Croda’s Medilan TM USP and
Medilan Ultra-lanolins, Dow Corning® Soy wax, and Dow Corning® Cosmetic wax,
Shea butter and “skin feel” agents such as low volatile silicones like
dodecamethylpentasiloxane (2.0cSt) and Dow Corning® ST-Cyclomethicone5-NF
and gels such as Dow Corning® 9040 and ST mer 10. The compositions of
the ion may have a single conditioner, or may comprise a combination of two
or more such ioners. The compositions may be solutions or dispersions, and
the dispersions may be formed in a variety of ways including but not limited to
making a solution at higher temperatures followed by agitation/high shear mixing as
the solution cools. Additionally one may employ methods such
cavitation/microfluidization to create nano sized dispersions.
Other agents and optional components
In some embodiments, optional components include local anesthetics (e.g.,
benzocaine), sunscreens (e.g., octyl salicylate), insect repellents (e.g., N,N,-Diethyl-
meta-toluamide ), fragrances (e.g., lavender oil), colorants (e.g., beet root
extract), drugs (e.g, retinol), and vitamins (e.g., nicotinamide). The itions of
the ion may have a single such optional component, or may comprise a
combination of two or more such optional components. Alternatively, in some
embodiments, the composition of the invention may have these otherwise optional
components as the desired agent itself. For example, in one embodiment of the
invention, the composition is a highly volatile silicone solvent, a film-forming polymer,
and a sunscreen agent. Such a ition of the invention provides rapid and
efficient application of the sunscreen to the skin. In another embodiment, for
example, a een agent is added to a onditioning ition of the
invention, whereby the composition comprises both a skin conditioner agent and a
sunscreen agent. Those of skill in the art will appreciate the many varied
combinations of agents and optional ingredients made possible by the invention.
Forms of the compositions of the invention
In some embodiments, the composition of the invention is in the form of a liquid,
generally applied in a spray bottle or other application device. In other
embodiments, the invention’s compositions may be formulated in a gel form, for
direct application to the skin. Such gels may be prepared by using a gelling agent,
such as Dow Corning® 9040 and ST Elastomer 10 added to the composition.
Uses of the compositions of the invention
Uses of the highly adaptable compositions of the invention are limited only by the
user’s imagination. Essentially any surface to be sanitized or coated is an
appropriate surface for the compositions of the invention to be applied to. The
embodiments of the invention with skin protectants and conditioners are highly
suitable for use on skin surfaces, whether it be the hands, face, feet, etc. Such
embodiments are also well-suited for other ical surfaces, but embodiments
such as germicidal compositions can be applied to counters, doorknobs, r
goods, and the like; where the surface to be treated is not skin, embodiments of the
invention without skin protectants and conditioners are quite suitable for extended
zation.
Other embodiments, uses, and advantages of the present invention will be apparent
to those skilled in the art from eration of the specification and practice of the
invention disclosed herein. The specification and examples should be considered
ary only. The intended scope of the invention is only limited by the claims
appended .
Examples
The present invention will be further tood by nce to the following non-
limiting examples.
Germicidal compositions
Example 1: germicidal composition
On a weight basis 0.13% benzalkonium de, 2.5% isopropyl alcohol, 1.3%
polydimethyl siloxane (300,00008t), and 96.07% hexamethyldisiloxane were mixed
to form a clear solution. This solution when d onto skin or other surface can
be spread and dried in a few seconds to leave a smooth film containing
benzalkonium chloride.
Example 2: germicidal composition
On a weight basis 0.13% benzalkonium chloride, 1.25% ethyl alcohol, 0.8%
polydimethyl siloxane (300,00008t), 0.5% Dow Corning® 9040, and 97.32%
hexamethyldisiloxane were mixed to form a clear solution. This solution when
sprayed onto skin or other surface can be spread and dried in a few seconds to
leave a smooth film containing benzalkonium chloride.
Example 3: idal composition
On a weight basis 0.13% benzalkonium de, 1.25% ethyl alcohol, 0.8%
polydimethyl siloxane (300,00008t), 0.5% Dow Corning® 9040, and 97.32%
hexamethyldisiloxane were mixed to form a clear solution. This solution when
sprayed onto skin or other surface can be spread and dried in a few seconds to
leave a smooth film ning benzalkonium chloride.
Example 4: germicidal composition
On a weight basis 0.13% benzalkonium de, 2.5% isopropyl alcohol, 1% Dow
Corning® Cosmetic or Soy Wax, and 96.37% hexamethyldisiloxane were mixed to
form a clear solution upon heating. This mixture became turbid upon cooling to room
ature and when sprayed onto skin or other surface can be spread and dried in
a few seconds to leave a smooth film containing benzalkonium chloride.
Example 5: idal composition
On a weight basis 0.13% benzalkonium chloride, 1.25% ethyl alcohol, 1.0%
polydimethyl siloxane 0008t), 1.0% Croda Liquid Medilan TM Ultra, 3% Dow
Corning® ST-Cyclomethicone 5-NF, and 93.62% hexamethyldisiloxane were mixed
to form a clear solution. This solution when d onto skin or other surface can
be spread and dried in a few seconds to leave a smooth film containing
benzalkonium chloride.
Example 6: germicidal ition
On a weight basis 0.13% benzalkonium chloride, 1.25% ethyl alcohol, 2.3% Croda
Liquid n TMUltra, 0.7% Dow Corning® 9040, 2% Dow Corning ST-
Cyclomethicone 5-NF, and 93.62% hexamethyldisiloxane were mixed to form a clear
solution. This slightly turbid mixture when sprayed onto skin or other surface can be
spread and dried in a few seconds to leave a smooth film containing benzalkonium
chloride.
Example 7: germicidal composition
On a weight basis 0.13% benzalkonium chloride, 1.25% ethyl alcohol, 1.0% Croda
Liquid Medilan TMUltra, 4% Dow Corning® ST-Cyclomethicone 5-NF, and 93.62%
hexylmethyldisiloxane were mixed to form a clear solution. This solution when
sprayed onto skin or other surface can be spread and dried in a few seconds to
leave a smooth film containing benzalkonium chloride.
Example 8: germicidal composition
On a weight basis 0.13% benzalkonium chloride, 1.25% ethyl alcohol, 2.0% Croda
Liquid n TMUltra, 3% Dow Corning® ST-Cyclomethicone 5-NF, and 93.62%
hexylmethyldisiloxane were mixed to form a clear solution. This solution when
d onto skin or other surface can be spread and dried in a few seconds to
leave a smooth film containing benzalkonium de.
Example 9: germicidal composition
On a weight basis 0.13% benzalkonium chloride, 1.25% ethyl alcohol, 3.0% Croda
Liquid Medilan TM Ultra, 2% Dow Corning® ST-Cyclomethicone 5-NF, and 93.62%
thyldisiloxane were mixed to form a clear solution. This solution when
sprayed onto skin or other surface can be spread and dried in a few s to
leave a smooth film containing benzalkonium chloride.
Example 10: germicidal composition
On a weight basis 0.13% benzalkonium chloride, 1.25% ethyl alcohol, 2.0% Croda
Liquid Medilan TMUltra, 3% octamethyltrisiloxane, and 93.62% hexamethyldisiloxane
were mixed to form a clear solution. This solution when sprayed onto skin or other
surface can be spread and dried in a few seconds to leave a smooth film containing
benzalkonium chloride.
e 11. : germicidal composition
On a weight basis 0.13% konium chloride, 1.25% ethyl alcohol, 5%
polydimethyl siloxane (300,000cSt), 0.2% lidocaine, and 93.42%
hexamethyldisiloxane were mixed to form a clear solution. This solution can be
sprayed onto a light wound or abrasion to prevent infection, l pain, and e
a protective coating.
Example 12: germicidal composition
On a weight basis 0.13% benzalkonium de, 2.5% isopropyl alcohol, 1.3%
polydimethyl siloxane (300,000cSt), 0.2% lidocaine, and 95.87%
hexamethyldisiloxane were mixed to form a clear solution. This on can be
sprayed onto a light would or abrasion to prevent infection, l pain, and provide
a protective coating.
Example 13: germicidal composition
On a weight basis 0.13% benzalkonium chloride, 1.25% ethyl l, 0.2%
lidocaine, and 98.42% hexamethyldisiloxane were mixed to form a clear solution.
This solution can be sprayed onto a light wound or abrasion to prevent infection,
control pain, and provide a protective coating.
Example 14: germicidal composition
WO 77560
On a weight basis 0.13% benzalkonium chloride, 1.25% ethyl alcohol, and 98.62%
hexamethyldisiloxane were mixed to form a clear solution. This solution can be
sprayed onto a surface or wound where no residue is desired. Such an example
would be for example to prevent infection in animal ears.
Example 15: germicidal composition
On a weight basis 0.13% benzalkonium de, 1.25% ethyl alcohol, 2.0% Croda
Liquid Medilan TMUltra, 3.0% thylcyclotetrasiloxane, and 93.62%
thyltrisiloxane were mixed to form a clear solution. This solution when
sprayed onto skin or other surface can be spread and dried in a few seconds to
leave a smooth film containing benzalkonium de.
Example 16: germicidal composition
On a weight basis 0.13% benzalkonium chloride, 1.25% ethyl l, 2.0% Croda
Liqiud Medilan TM Ultra, 3.0% decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, and 93.62%
hexamethyldisiloxane were mixed to form a clear solution. This on when
sprayed onto skin or other surface can be spread and dried in a few seconds to
leave a smooth film containing benzalkonium chloride.
Example 17: germicidal composition
On a weight basis 0.13% benzalkonium chloride, 1.25% ethyl alcohol, 2.0% Croda
Liquid Medilan TMUltra, 3.0% octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, 30%
octamethyltrisiloxane, and 63.62% hexamethlydisiloxane were mixed to form a clear
solution. This solution when sprayed onto skin or other surface can be spread and
dried in a few seconds to leave a smooth film containing benzalkonium chloride.
Nongermicidal compositions
Skin conditioning and moisturizing, skin tant, and wound healing compositions
without antimicrobial agents are shown in the following example compositions, which
do not contain water, do not burn or sting, can be sprayed on or applied by gentle
rubbing, and can be used on the face as well. They leave the skin with a very
smooth and non-sticky feel.
Example 18: skin conditioning compositions
The following dispersions of solid rizers in the highly volatile
hexamethyldisiloxane were obtained by heating all ingredients till a clear solution
was obtained and then gradual g with us shaking as the dispersion
forms:
18.1) By weight 10% Dow Corning® HY-305O Soy Wax and 90%
hexamethyldisiloxane were mixed and sed as described above to provide a
low viscosity dispersion for rapid and even application to skin.
18.1a) By weight 10% Dow Corning® ST-Wax30 and 90%
hexamethyldisiloxane were mixed and processed as described above to provide a
low viscosity dispersion for rapid and even application to skin.
18.1b) By weight 10% Medilan TM Ultra n and 90% hexamethyldisiloxane
were mixed and processed as described above to provide a low viscosity dispersion
for rapid and even ation to skin.
18.2) By weight 20% Dow Corning® ST-Wax30 and 80%
hexamethyldisiloxane were mixed and processed as described above to provide a
low ity dispersion for rapid and even application to skin.
18.2a) By weight 20% Dow Corning® HY-305O Soy Wax and 80%
hexamethyldisiloxane were mixed and processed as described above to provide a
low viscosity dispersion for rapid and even application to skin.
18.2b) By weight 20% Medilan TM Ultra Lanolin and 80% hexamethyldisiloxane
were mixed and processed as described above to provide a low viscosity dispersion
for rapid and even application to skin.
WO 77560
18.3) By weight 20% Dow Corning® ST-Wax30, 10% Dow Corning® ST-
Elastomer 10, and 70% hexamethyldisiloxane were mixed and processed as
described above to provide a low viscosity dispersion for rapid and even application
to skin.
18.3a) By weight 20% Dow Corning® 0 Soy Wax, 10% Dow Corning®
ST-Elastomer 10, and 70% hexamethyldisiloxane were mixed and processed as
described above to provide a low viscosity dispersion for rapid and even ation
to skin.
18.3b) By weight 20% n TM Ultra Lanolin, 10% Dow Corning® ST-
Elastomer 10, and 70% thyldisiloxane were mixed and processed as
described above to provide a low viscosity dispersion for rapid and even application
to skin.
18.4) By weight 35% Medilan TM Ultra Lanolin, 20% Dow Corning® ST-
Elastomer 10, and 45% hexamethyldisiloxane were mixed and processed as
described above to provide a medium viscosity dispersion for rapid and even
application to skin.
18.5) By weight 45% Medilan TM Ultra Lanolin, 20% Dow Corning® ST-
Elastomer 10, and 35% hexamethyldisiloxane were mixed and processed as
described above to provide a viscous dispersion for rapid and even application to
skin.
18.6) By weight 20% n TM Ultra Lanolin, 20% Dow Corning® ST-
Cyclomethicone 5-NF, and 60% hexamethyldisiloxane were mixed and processed as
described above to provide a low viscosity dispersion for rapid and even application
to skin.
18.7) By weight 25% Liquid n TM Ultra Lanolin, 20% Dow Corning® ST-
Cyclomethicone 5-NF, 2.5% beeswax, and 52.5% hexamethyldisiloxane were mixed
and processed as described above to provide a low viscosity dispersion for rapid and
even application to skin.
18.8) By weight 25% Liquid Medilan TM Ultra Lanolin, 20% Dow Corning® ST-
Cyclomethicone 5-NF, 2.5% Dow Corning® ST-Wax30, and 52.5%
hexamethyldisiloxane were mixed and processed as described above to provide a
low viscosity sion for rapid and even application to skin.
18.9) By weight 25% Liquid Medilan TM Ultra Lanolin, 20% Dow Corning® ST-
Cyclomethicone 5-NF, Dow Corning® HY-3050 Soy Wax, and 52.5%
hexamethyldisiloxane were mixed and processed as described above to provide a
low viscosity dispersion for rapid and even application to skin.
18.10) By weight 25% Liquid Medilan TM Ultra Lanolin, 20% Dow Corning®
ST-Cyclomethicone 5-NF, 5% Dow Corning® ST-Wax30, and 50%
hexamethyldisiloxane were mixed and processed as described above to provide a
low viscosity dispersion for rapid and even application to skin.
Example 19: skin conditioning compositions with additional ingredients
19.1) By weight 32% Liquid n TM Ultra Lanolin, 3%Vitamin E, and 65%
hexamethyldisiloxane were dissolved together to provide a low viscosity solution for
rapid and even application to skin.
19.2) By weight 35% Liquid Medilan TM Ultra n, 20% Dow Corning® ST-
mer 10, and 45% thyldisiloxane were dissolved together to e a
low viscosity hazy solution for rapid and even application to skin. (This product was
given to a person who works in uction with bleeding dry hands with band aids,
and after one week the hands were markedly improved with only two applications
per day)
19.3) By weight 22% Liquid Medilan TM Ultra Lanolin, 3%Vitamin E, 10% Dow
Corning® ST-Elastomer 10, and 65% hexamethyldisiloxane were dissolved together
to provide a low viscosity hazy solution for rapid and even application to skin.
WO 77560 2012/042993
19.4) By weight 20% Liquid Medilan TM Ultra Lanolin, 20% Dow Corning® ST-
Cyclomethicone 5-NF, and 60% hexamethyldisiloxane were mixed and processed as
described above to provide a low viscosity solution for rapid and even application to
skin.
19.5) By weight 32% Liquid Medilan TM Ultra Lanolin, 3%Vitamin E, 20% Dow
g® ST-Cyclomethicone 5-NF, and 45% hexamethyldisiloxane were mixed and
processed as described above to provide a medium viscosity solution for rapid and
even ation to skin.
19.6) By weight 35% Liquid n TM Ultra Lanolin, 20% Dow Corning® ST-
Cyclomethicone 5-NF, and 45% hexamethyldisiloxane were mixed and processed as
bed above to provide a medium ity solution for rapid and even
application to skin.
Example 18a): Skin protectant compositions
19a.1) By weight 5% polydimethylsiloxane (300,000cSt) and 95%
hexamethyldisiloxane were mixed to give a clear solution that can be rapidly and
evenly applied to lubricate and protect skin.
19a.2) By weight 5% polydimethylsiloxane (1 ,000,000cSt) and 95%
hexamethyldisiloxane were mixed to give a clear solution that can be rapidly and
evenly applied to lubricate and protect skin.
19a.3) By weight 10% polydimethylsiloxane (300,00008t) and 90%
hexamethyldisiloxane were mixed to give a clear solution that can be rapidly and
evenly applied to lubricate and protect skin.
19a.4) By weight 10% polydimethylsiloxane (1 ,000,00008t) and 90%
hexamethyldisiloxane were mixed to give a clear solution that can be rapidly and
evenly applied to lubricate and protect skin.
Example 20: sunscreen compositions
.1) Dissolve 5 grams octyl salicylate in 90 grams hexmethyldisiloxane and
add 5 grams polydimethylsiloxane (300,000CSt). Solution/mixture can be sprayed
onto surface leaving a smooth, retentive film.
.2) Dissolve 10 grams octyl salicylate in 80 grams hyldisiloxane and
add 10 grams methylsiloxane (300,000CSt). Solution/mixture can be sprayed
onto surface leaving a smooth, retentive film.
.3) Dissolve 5 grams octyl salicylate in 87 grams hexmethyldisiloxane, 3
grams cylcomethicone and add 5 grams polydimethylsiloxane (300,000CSt).
Solution/mixture can be sprayed onto surface leaving a smooth, retentive film.
.4) Dissolve 3 grams zone in 92 grams hexmethyldisiloxane and
add 5 grams polydimethylsiloxane (300,000CSt). Solution/mixture can be sprayed
onto surface leaving a , retentive film.
.5) Dissolve 5 grams octyl ycinnamate in 90grams
hyldisiloxane and add 5% polydimethylsiloxane (300,000CSt).
Solution/mixture can be d onto surface leaving a smooth, ive film.
.6) Dissolve 7.5 grams octyl methoxycinnamatein 84.5 grams
hexmethyldisiloxane and add 8 grams polydimethylsiloxane (300,000CSt).
Solution/mixture can be sprayed onto surface leaving a smooth, retentive film.
The present invention is not to be limited in scope by the specific embodiments
described above, which are intended as illustrations of aspects of the invention.
Functionally lent methods and components are within the scope of the
invention. lndeed, various modifications of the invention, in addition to those shown
and described herein, will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the
foregoing description. Such modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the
appended claims. All cited references are hereby incorporated by reference.
Claims (8)
1. A composition comprising a skin conditioner/protectant, a highly volatile silicone t, and a polydimethylsiloxane having a viscosity of 50,000 cSt or greater, wherein said composition is substantially free of water, and wherein the composition does not comprise a germicide selected from the group alkyl quaternary um germicides, lauric acid and undecylenic acid.
2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the highly volatile silicone solvent is hexamethyl disiloxane, octamethyltrisiloxane or a combination thereof.
3. The composition of claim 1 or 2, wherein the composition further ses a een.
4. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the skin conditioner/protectant is selected from the group consisting of lanolin oil, atum, lanolin, soy wax, Shea , dodecamethylpentasiloxane having a viscosity of 2.0 cSt, and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane.
5. The composition of claim 3, wherein the sunscreen is octyl salicylate.
6. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising at least one optional ingredient selected from the group consisting of a local anesthetic, an insect repellent, a fragrance, a nt, a drug, and a vitamin.
7. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the composition is in a form selected from the group consisting of a solution, a dispersion, a gel, and a semisolid.
8. Use of the composition of any one of claims 1 to 7 in the manufacture of a medicament for conditioning or protecting skin.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US61/498,553 | 2011-06-18 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NZ708493A true NZ708493A (en) | 2016-12-23 |
NZ708493B2 NZ708493B2 (en) | 2017-03-24 |
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