NZ616160B2 - Veterinary pharmaceutical formulations and methods - Google Patents
Veterinary pharmaceutical formulations and methods Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NZ616160B2 NZ616160B2 NZ616160A NZ61616013A NZ616160B2 NZ 616160 B2 NZ616160 B2 NZ 616160B2 NZ 616160 A NZ616160 A NZ 616160A NZ 61616013 A NZ61616013 A NZ 61616013A NZ 616160 B2 NZ616160 B2 NZ 616160B2
- Authority
- NZ
- New Zealand
- Prior art keywords
- formulation
- veterinary
- methyl
- pharmaceutical compound
- formulations
- Prior art date
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- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 title description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 217
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 121
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- -1 chloronicotinyl Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 230000000507 anthelmentic Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- JYZIHLWOWKMNNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC=NC2=C1 JYZIHLWOWKMNNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000000202 analgesic Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000003110 anti-inflammatory Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 108010002156 Depsipeptides Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- PNKUSGQVOMIXLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid amidine Chemical compound NC=N PNKUSGQVOMIXLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- UMZCLZPXPCNKML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2H-imidazo[4,5-d][1,3]thiazole Chemical compound C1=NC2=NCSC2=N1 UMZCLZPXPCNKML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- OEDUIFSDODUDRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-phenyl-1H-pyrazole Chemical compound N1N=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 OEDUIFSDODUDRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- VJDZMZAZDFKMSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,2-disulfonamide Chemical compound NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1S(N)(=O)=O VJDZMZAZDFKMSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002728 pyrethroid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000007659 semicarbazones Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- WKEDVNSFRWHDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Salicylanilide Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 WKEDVNSFRWHDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000008361 aminoacetonitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000181 nicotinic agonist Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- OHRURASPPZQGQM-GCCNXGTGSA-N romidepsin Chemical compound O1C(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)C(=C/C)/NC(=O)[C@H]2CSSCC\C=C\[C@@H]1CC(=O)N[C@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N2 OHRURASPPZQGQM-GCCNXGTGSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229950000975 salicylanilide Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M carbamate Chemical compound NC([O-])=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000005899 Fipronil Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- ZOCSXAVNDGMNBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fipronil Chemical group NC1=C(S(=O)C(F)(F)F)C(C#N)=NN1C1=C(Cl)C=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1Cl ZOCSXAVNDGMNBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229940013764 fipronil Drugs 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000005660 Abamectin Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003474 anti-emetic Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002111 antiemetic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- NQPDXQQQCQDHHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-chloro-5-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)-2-methylsulfanyl-1H-benzimidazole Chemical group ClC=1C=C2NC(SC)=NC2=CC=1OC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1Cl NQPDXQQQCQDHHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229960000323 triclabendazole Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 229950008167 Abamectin Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960004816 Moxidectin Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- RRZXIRBKKLTSOM-XPNPUAGNSA-N avermectin B1a Chemical compound C1=C[C@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)O[C@]11O[C@H](C\C=C(C)\[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C3)[C@@H](OC)C2)[C@@H](C)\C=C\C=C/2[C@]3([C@H](C(=O)O4)C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3OC\2)O)C[C@H]4C1 RRZXIRBKKLTSOM-XPNPUAGNSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960002245 Selamectin Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- AFJYYKSVHJGXSN-XHKIUTQPSA-N selamectin Chemical compound O1[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1C(/C)=C/C[C@@H](O[C@]2(O[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC2)C2CCCCC2)C2)C[C@@H]2OC(=O)[C@@H]([C@]23O)C=C(C)C(=N/O)/[C@H]3OC\C2=C/C=C/[C@@H]1C AFJYYKSVHJGXSN-XHKIUTQPSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- AZSNMRSAGSSBNP-XPNPUAGNSA-N 22,23-dihydroavermectin B1a Chemical compound C1C[C@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)O[C@@]21O[C@H](C\C=C(C)\[C@@H](O[C@@H]1O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C3)[C@@H](OC)C1)[C@@H](C)\C=C\C=C/1[C@]3([C@H](C(=O)O4)C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3OC\1)O)C[C@H]4C2 AZSNMRSAGSSBNP-XPNPUAGNSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QLFZZSKTJWDQOS-YDBLARSUSA-N Doramectin Chemical compound O1[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)C[C@H](O[C@@H]2C(=C/C[C@@H]3C[C@@H](C[C@@]4(O3)C=C[C@H](C)[C@@H](C3CCCCC3)O4)OC(=O)[C@@H]3C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]4OC\C([C@@]34O)=C/C=C/[C@@H]2C)/C)O[C@H]1C QLFZZSKTJWDQOS-YDBLARSUSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WPNHOHPRXXCPRA-TVXIRPTOSA-N Eprinomectin Chemical compound O1[C@@H](C)[C@@H](NC(C)=O)[C@H](OC)C[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@@H](OC)C[C@H](O[C@@H]2C(=C/C[C@@H]3C[C@@H](C[C@@]4(O3)C=C[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(C)C)O4)OC(=O)[C@@H]3C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]4OC\C([C@@]34O)=C\C=C/[C@@H]2C)\C)O[C@H]1C WPNHOHPRXXCPRA-TVXIRPTOSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002418 Ivermectin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- CKVMAPHTVCTEMM-ALPQRHTBSA-N Milbemycin oxime Chemical compound O1[C@H](C)[C@@H](C)CC[C@@]11O[C@H](C\C=C(C)\C[C@@H](C)\C=C\C=C/2[C@]3([C@H](C(=O)O4)C=C(C)C(=N/O)/[C@H]3OC\2)O)C[C@H]4C1.C1C[C@H](C)[C@@H](CC)O[C@@]21O[C@H](C\C=C(C)\C[C@@H](C)\C=C\C=C/1[C@]3([C@H](C(=O)O4)C=C(C)C(=N/O)/[C@H]3OC\1)O)C[C@H]4C2 CKVMAPHTVCTEMM-ALPQRHTBSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003997 doramectin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002346 eprinomectin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940099245 milbemycin oxime Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- YZBLFMPOMVTDJY-LSGXYNIPSA-N Moxidectin Chemical compound O1[C@H](C(\C)=C\C(C)C)[C@@H](C)C(=N/OC)/C[C@@]11O[C@H](C\C=C(C)\C[C@@H](C)\C=C\C=C/2[C@]3([C@H](C(=O)O4)C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3OC\2)O)C[C@H]4C1 YZBLFMPOMVTDJY-LSGXYNIPSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- WEFZXWJJPHGTTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 5-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-5-oxopentanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)CCC(=O)N(C)C WEFZXWJJPHGTTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 54
- 230000002335 preservative Effects 0.000 description 20
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 20
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 18
- 230000000699 topical Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000005906 Imidacloprid Substances 0.000 description 12
- YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Imidacloprid Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)\N=C1/NCCN1CC1=CC=C(Cl)N=C1 YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229940056881 imidacloprid Drugs 0.000 description 12
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 description 11
- HLFSDGLLUJUHTE-SNVBAGLBSA-N Levotetramisole Chemical compound C1([C@H]2CN3CCSC3=N2)=CC=CC=C1 HLFSDGLLUJUHTE-SNVBAGLBSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 241000282472 Canis lupus familiaris Species 0.000 description 9
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229960001614 levamisole Drugs 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 8
- 150000008048 phenylpyrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- RFEJUZJILGIRHQ-XRIOVQLTSA-N 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid;3-[(2S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]pyridine Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O.OC(=O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O.CN1CCC[C@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 RFEJUZJILGIRHQ-XRIOVQLTSA-N 0.000 description 7
- FIPWRIJSWJWJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl carbitol 6-propylpiperonyl ether Chemical compound C1=C(CCC)C(COCCOCCOCCCC)=CC2=C1OCO2 FIPWRIJSWJWJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229960005235 Piperonyl Butoxide Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 239000004255 Butylated hydroxyanisole Substances 0.000 description 6
- CZBZUDVBLSSABA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylated hydroxyanisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1.COC1=CC=C(O)C=C1C(C)(C)C CZBZUDVBLSSABA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004322 Butylated hydroxytoluene Substances 0.000 description 6
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 6
- YZBLFMPOMVTDJY-RWJZGKSFSA-N Moxidectin Chemical compound O1[C@H](C(\C)=C\C(C)C)[C@@H](C)C(=N/OC)\C[C@@]11O[C@H](C\C=C(C)\C[C@@H](C)C=C\C=C/2[C@]3([C@H](C(=O)O4)C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3OC\2)O)C[C@H]4C1 YZBLFMPOMVTDJY-RWJZGKSFSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- NFGXHKASABOEEW-MRXNPFEDSA-N (S)-methoprene Chemical compound COC(C)(C)CCC[C@H](C)CC=CC(C)=CC(=O)OC(C)C NFGXHKASABOEEW-MRXNPFEDSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- KAATUXNTWXVJKI-NSHGMRRFSA-N (1R)-cis-(alphaS)-cypermethrin Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@@H](C=C(Cl)Cl)[C@H]1C(=O)O[C@H](C#N)C1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 KAATUXNTWXVJKI-NSHGMRRFSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCO OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- PMATZTZNYRCHOR-CGLBZJNRSA-N (3S,6S,9S,12R,15S,18S,21S,24S,30S,33S)-30-ethyl-33-[(E,1R,2R)-1-hydroxy-2-methylhex-4-enyl]-1,4,7,10,12,15,19,25,28-nonamethyl-6,9,18,24-tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)-3,21-di(propan-2-yl)-1,4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31-undecazacyclotritriacontane-2,5,8,11,14,17 Chemical compound CC[C@@H]1NC(=O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@H](C)C\C=C\C)N(C)C(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)N(C)C(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)N(C)C(=O)[C@@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)N(C)C(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)N(C)C(=O)CN(C)C1=O PMATZTZNYRCHOR-CGLBZJNRSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- YXWCBRDRVXHABN-JCMHNJIXSA-N [cyano-(4-fluoro-3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl] 3-[(Z)-2-chloro-2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethenyl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound C=1C=C(F)C(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=CC=1C(C#N)OC(=O)C1C(C)(C)C1\C=C(/Cl)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 YXWCBRDRVXHABN-JCMHNJIXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HXHWSAZORRCQMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N albendazole Chemical compound CCCSC1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 HXHWSAZORRCQMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXTGHWHFYNYFFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N albendazole S-oxide Chemical compound CCCS(=O)C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 VXTGHWHFYNYFFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 201000008937 atopic dermatitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003467 diminishing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drugs Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 244000078703 ectoparasites Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001984 ectoparasiticidal Effects 0.000 description 1
- JISACBWYRJHSMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N famphur Chemical compound COP(=S)(OC)OC1=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)N(C)C)C=C1 JISACBWYRJHSMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- YOWNVPAUWYHLQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluazuron Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(F)=C1C(=O)NC(=O)NC1=CC=C(Cl)C(OC=2C(=CC(=CN=2)C(F)(F)F)Cl)=C1 YOWNVPAUWYHLQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYLHNOVXKPXDIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N flufenoxuron Chemical compound C=1C=C(NC(=O)NC(=O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2F)F)C(F)=CC=1OC1=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1Cl RYLHNOVXKPXDIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940074076 glycerol formal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000749 insecticidal Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000991 ketoprofen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005910 lambda-Cyhalothrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- YDTFRJLNMPSCFM-YDALLXLXSA-M levothyroxine sodium anhydrous Chemical compound [Na+].IC1=CC(C[C@H](N)C([O-])=O)=CC(I)=C1OC1=CC(I)=C(O)C(I)=C1 YDTFRJLNMPSCFM-YDALLXLXSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 229960000453 malathion Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- OPXLLQIJSORQAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N mebendazole Chemical compound C=1C=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OPXLLQIJSORQAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- HWGXPHSUTYGITL-GFCCVEGCSA-N methyl 4-[(2R)-6-methyl-4-oxoheptan-2-yl]benzoate Chemical class COC(=O)C1=CC=C([C@H](C)CC(=O)CC(C)C)C=C1 HWGXPHSUTYGITL-GFCCVEGCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMCCXLBXIJMERM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl N-[[2-[(2-methoxyacetyl)amino]-4-phenylsulfanylanilino]-(methoxycarbonylamino)methylidene]carbamate Chemical compound C1=C(NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC(=O)OC)C(NC(=O)COC)=CC(SC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 HMCCXLBXIJMERM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WTERNLDOAPYGJD-SFHVURJKSA-N monepantel Chemical compound C([C@@](C)(NC(=O)C=1C=CC(SC(F)(F)F)=CC=1)C#N)OC1=CC(C#N)=CC=C1C(F)(F)F WTERNLDOAPYGJD-SFHVURJKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001069 nematicidal Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005645 nematicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940021182 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- BEZZFPOZAYTVHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxfendazole Chemical compound C=1C=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=CC=1S(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 BEZZFPOZAYTVHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QZWHWHNCPFEXLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl N-[2-(1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-3H-benzimidazol-5-yl]carbamate Chemical compound N1C2=CC(NC(=O)OC(C)C)=CC=C2N=C1C1=CSC=N1 QZWHWHNCPFEXLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Disclosed is a method of veterinary treatment, the method including the step of administration of a formulation including: at least one veterinary pharmaceutical compound selected from any one or more of: a macrocyclic lactone, an anthelmintic nicotinic receptor agonist, an amino-acetonitrile derivative, an imidazothiazole, a benzimidazole, a spirodioxepinoindole, a salicylanilide, a benzenedisulfonamide, a spinosyn, a chloronicotinyl, a pyrethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid, an organophosphate, a carbamate, a formamidine, a phenylpyrazole, a semicarbazone; a cyclic depsipeptide, an anti-inflammatory, analgesic, ntiemetic an antihyperthyroid, an antihypothyroid; and methyl 5-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-5-oxopentanoate. Also disclosed is a veterinary formulation and a method of producing a veterinary formulation comprising methyl 5-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-5-oxopentanoate. tive, an imidazothiazole, a benzimidazole, a spirodioxepinoindole, a salicylanilide, a benzenedisulfonamide, a spinosyn, a chloronicotinyl, a pyrethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid, an organophosphate, a carbamate, a formamidine, a phenylpyrazole, a semicarbazone; a cyclic depsipeptide, an anti-inflammatory, analgesic, ntiemetic an antihyperthyroid, an antihypothyroid; and methyl 5-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-5-oxopentanoate. Also disclosed is a veterinary formulation and a method of producing a veterinary formulation comprising methyl 5-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-5-oxopentanoate.
Description
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VETERINARY PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS AND METHODS
Field of Invention
The invention relates to veterinary pharmaceutical formulations, their preparation and their use.
More particularly, the invention relates to veterinary pharmaceutical formulations including
methyl 5-(dimethylamino)methyloxopentanoate, their preparation and their use in
veterinary methods for the treatment of non-human animals (“veterinary methods”).
Background
It is desirable to be able to treat non-human animals using formulations which are suitably non-
toxic, suitably non-irritant and are capable of delivering one or more actives in a single
formulation. Irritancy is particularly of concern for oral and topical delivery.
Topical formulations have advantages for ease of administration. They can cut down on time
required to administer drugs, which is particularly important for large numbers of livestock.
Administration of topical formulations requires little training of the administrator. They also
generally cause less distress in the animal than administration by oral (drench), rectal or by
injection. They also require less handling/manipulating of the animal, which can be a particular
advantage for larger animals, for example cattle and deer. In the case of domestic animals
there is also greater convenience and less distress for the pet owner, which results in greater
compliance with dosage regimes. However, formulations for topical delivery have a tendency to
cause skin irritation in the subject, which can result in the need to treat the skin, or to
discontinue use of the formulation. For example, NZ520295 to Merial Limited discloses the use
of pyrrolidone solvents, in particular N-methylpyrrolidone, in a pour-on veterinary formulation
containing levamisole and an avermectin or milbemycin. However, this formulation has been
found to cause skin irritation in some cases.
Topical formulations are preferred for many purposes because of their ease of use. However,
there is a perception that orals may be more effective and faster acting (although there is little
evidence that this is the case). Orals are therefore preferred in some instances, particularly for
smaller commercial animals, such as sheep. In addition, orals can be more effective than
topicals for unshorn sheep due to the difficulty of getting the formulation through the wool. Oral
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formulations are required to be sufficiently non-toxic as they are consumed by the subject. They
must also be sufficiently non-irritant, such that they do not cause damage to the mouth and
throat of the subject.
It is highly desirable to have high stability in veterinary formulations. Low stability results in
wastage of product and the need to safely dispose of product which is out of date. Consumers
prefer products with longer expiry dates for these reasons. A product with a shorter expiry date
than equivalent products is less likely to be commercially successful. Further a product with a
longer expiry date than equivalent products is likely to have a significant commercial
advantage.
It is an object of the invention to provide a method of veterinary treatment and/or formulations
for such treatments. Alternatively, it is an object of the invention to at least provide a useful
choice to the public.
Summary of the Invention
According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of veterinary treatment,
the method including the step of administration of a formulation including:
at least one veterinary pharmaceutical compound selected from any one or more of: a
macrocyclic lactone, an anthelmintic nicotinic receptor agonist, an amino-acetonitrile derivative,
an imidazothiazole, a benzimidazole, a spirodioxepinoindole, a salicylanilide, a
benzenedisulfonamide, a spinosyn, a chloronicotinyl, a pyrethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid, an
organophosphate, a carbamate, a formamidine, a phenylpyrazole, a semicarbazone; a cyclic
depsipeptide, an anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiemetic an antihyperthyroid, an
antihypothyroid; and
methyl 5-(dimethylamino)methyloxopentanoate.
Preferably, the formulation is administered topically.
Preferably, the formulation is administered orally.
Preferably, the formulation is non-aqueous.
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Preferably, the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is an anthelmintic selected from any one
or more of: a macrocyclic lactone, an anthelmintic nicotinic receptor agonist, an amino-
acetonitrile derivative (AAD), an imidazothiazole, a benzimidazole, a spirodioxepinoindole, a
salicylanilide, a benzenedisulfonamide.
Preferably, the macrocyclic lactone is selected from: abamectin, ivermectin, doramectin,
eprinomectin, selamectin, moxidectin, milbemycin oxime, selamectin.
Preferably, the benzimidazole is triclabendazole.
Preferably, the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is a pesticide selected from any one or
more of: a spinosyn, a chloronicotinyl, a pyrethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid, an organophosphate,
a carbamate, a formamidine, a phenylpyrazole, a semicarbazone.
Preferably, the phenylpyrazole is fipronil.
Preferably, the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is a cyclic depsipeptide.
Preferably, the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is an ectoparasiticide.
Alternatively, the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is an endoparasitic.
Preferably, the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is an anti-inflammatory.
Preferably, the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is an analgesic.
Preferably, the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is an antiemetic.
Preferably, the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is an antihyperthyroid or an
antihypothyroid.
According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a veterinary formulation
including:
at least one veterinary pharmaceutical compound; and
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methyl 5-(dimethylamino)methyloxopentanoate.
According to a third aspect of the invention, there is provided a veterinary formulation including:
at least one veterinary pharmaceutical compound; and
methyl 5-(dimethylamino)methyloxopentanoate;
with the proviso that the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is not:
propuxur,
chlorpyrifos, or
Fastac (alpha – cypermethrin).
Preferred embodiments of the second and third aspects include:
Preferably, the veterinary formulation is suitable for topical administration to a non-human
animal.
Preferably, the veterinary formulation is suitable for oral administration to a non-human animal.
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Preferably, the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is an anthelmintic.
Preferably, the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is a macrocyclic lactone.
Preferably, the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is an anthelmintic nicotinic receptor
agonist.
Preferably, the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is an amino-acetonitrile derivative (AAD).
Preferably, the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is an imidazothiazole.
Preferably, the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is a benzimidazole.
Preferably, the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is a spirodioxepinoindole.
Preferably, the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is a salicylanilide.
Preferably, the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is a benzenedisulfonamide.
Preferably, the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is a pesticide.
Preferably, the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is an IGR (insect growth regulator).
Preferably, the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is a spinosyn and/or chloronicotinyl.
Preferably, the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is a pyrethrin and/or synthetic pyrethroid.
Preferably, the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is an organophosphate.
Preferably, the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is a carbamate.
Preferably, the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is a formamidine.
Preferably, the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is a phenylpyrazole.
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Preferably, the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is a semicarbazone.
Preferably, the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is a cyclic depsipeptide.
Preferably, the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is an ectoparasiticide.
Alternatively, the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is an endoparasiticide.
Preferably, the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is an anti-inflammatory.
Preferably, the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is an analgesic.
Preferably, the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is an antiemetic.
Preferably, the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is an antihyperthyroid or an
antihypothyroid.
Preferably, the formulation further includes a preservative.
Preferably, methyl 5-(dimethylamino)methyloxopentanoate is the only solvent in the
formulation.
Alternatively, the formulation further includes at least one co-solvent.
Preferably, the methyl 5-(dimethylamino)methyloxopentanoate is the major solvent.
According to a fourth aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of producing a
veterinary formulation including the step of:
addition of at least one veterinary pharmaceutical compound to methyl 5-
(dimethylamino)methyloxopentanoate.
Preferably, the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is an anthelmintic.
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Preferably, the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is a pesticide.
Preferably, the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is an ectoparasiticide.
Alternatively, the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is an endoparasiticide.
Preferably, the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is an anti-inflammatory.
Preferably, the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is an analgesic.
Preferably, the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is an antiemetic.
Preferably, the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is an antihyperthyroid or an
antihypothyroid.
Preferably, the method further includes addition of a preservative.
Preferably, methyl 5-(dimethylamino)methyloxopentanoate is the only solvent in the
formulation.
Alternatively, the method further includes addition at least one co-solvent.
Preferably, the methyl 5-(dimethylamino)methyloxopentanoate is the major solvent.
Further aspects of the invention, which should be considered in all its novel aspects, will
become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading of the following description which
provides at least one example of a practical application of the invention.
Detailed Description of Preferred Embodiments
The present invention relates to methods and formulations for the treatment of non-human
animals (veterinary). In particular the methods of the invention include the step of administering
a formulation including at least one veterinary pharmaceutical compound (also referred to as
active or actives) and methyl 5-(dimethylamino)methyloxopentanoate.
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The present invention also relates to veterinary formulations including at least one veterinary
pharmaceutical compound and methyl 5-(dimethylamino)methyloxopentanoate and
methods for producing the same.
In an embodiment of the invention the methods and formulations of the invention are for the
oral delivery of the active(s) to a non-human animal.
In a particularly preferred embodiment the methods and formulations of the invention are for the
topical delivery of the veterinary pharmaceutical to a non-human animal. While not wishing to
be bound by theory it is believed application of the formulation topically acts by either delivering
the active or actives transdermally or alternatively in other cases the formulation spreads and
mixes with the natural oils (sebum) of the host’s skin, fur or feathers, and is deposited in the
sebaceous glands. The sebaceous glands are believed to act as a reservoir for the active(s)
that allows for the active(s) to drain back out of the glands to the follicles to reapply itself to the
skin and hair. This action provides for longer periods between applications and also eliminates
or ameliorates the need to reapply if the host becomes wet, for example due to rain or bathing
(this form of delivery will herein after be referred to as “sebaceous deposit” or “sebaceous
depositing”).
The mode of delivery of the active(s) is dependent on the compound or compounds.
Anthelmintics, endoparasitics, anti-inflammatories, analgesics, antiemetics, antihyperthyroids or
antihypothyroids will generally be delivered orally or transdermally. However, active(s) for the
treatment of ectoparasites will generally by delivered by “sebaceous depositing”, for example
the use of fipronil for the treatment or prevention of fleas and ticks.
Water is preferably not added to the formulations as water can impede the ability of the
formulation to spread across the skin of the animal. In addition, water may also affect the ability
of many of the actives (such as the macrocyclic lactones) to stay in solution. The formulations
and the formulations used in the methods of the invention are therefore preferably non-
aqueous. When the formulations are in the preferred non-aqueous form, they may include trace
amounts of water (less than about 1% w/w) which naturally occurs in the solvent or actives. For
example, the product data sheet for one source of commercially available methyl 5-
(dimethylamino)methyloxopentanoate (solvent) indicates it can include 0-0.1% water.
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Therefore the invention in a preferred form will include a method of veterinary treatment, the
method including the step of administration of a formulation comprising at least one veterinary
pharmaceutical compound and methyl 5-(dimethylamino)methyloxopentanoate; wherein
the formulation is non-aqueous. The method will preferably be topical or oral treatment. Further,
the invention in a preferred form includes a veterinary formulation including at least one
veterinary pharmaceutical compound and methyl 5-(dimethylamino)methyloxopentanoate;
wherein the formulation is non-aqueous. Still further the invention preferably includes a method
of producing a veterinary formulation including the step of addition of at least one veterinary
pharmaceutical compound to methyl 5-(dimethylamino)methyloxopentanoate, and
wherein water is not added to the formulation.
As will be readily apparent to the skilled person, in some circumstances a user or manufacturer
may decide to add water to the formulation. While the inclusion of water into formulations of the
invention is not needed and could be detrimental, the inclusion of water to the formulations is
not excluded from the scope of the invention. Non-aqueous formulations and veterinary
methods using such formulations are very much preferred however. it is a particular advantage
that the formulations for topical use can be non-aqueous due to resultant spreading,
transdermal and stability advantages.
Oral delivery is typically performed in larger animals with the use of a drench gun which
delivers a set dose of the liquid veterinary formulation into the throat/mouth of the subject.
However, it is also possible to have a single dose tube/bottle to deliver the liquid formulation
into the mouth/throat of the subject. This option may be more likely for small animal/domestic
animal purposes. The formulation may also be contained in a capsule (for example a soft
gelatine capsule), or formed into a paste, for delivery into the mouth of the subject.
Topical delivery methods include (but are not limited to) spot-on, pour-on, backliner and spray.
Topical formulations are typically applied to the back of the subject, but may alternatively or in
addition be applied to other areas of the body. The liquid formulation may be applied with the
use of an applicator, straight from the container or following dilution. In some cases it is
particularly convenient to have a single dose bottle/tube where the whole of the contents are
applied to the subject, for example flea treatment of a domestic animal. The formulation may
also be contained in a patch which is applied to the skin of the subject. In such cases the
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formulation is typically incorporated into a reservoir in the patch.
The solvent, methyl 5-(dimethylamino)methyloxopentanoate, has previously been
disclosed in AU2009207634 (from WO2009/092795) to be useful as a solvent for phytosanitary
compositions, cleaning, degreasing or stripping compositions. Use as part of a veterinary
formulation was never considered and, given the previously disclosed use in phytosanitary
compositions, it is particularly surprising the inventors have been able to formulate veterinary
formulations capable of delivering veterinary compounds, orally and topically, to a non-human
animal using methyl 5-(dimethylamino)methyloxopentanoate. The ability of the solvent to
transport active(s) though the dermal layer or to spread over the dermal layer and deposit in
sebaceous glands would be a disadvantage in phytosanitary compositions, as it would be
potentially dangerous to the user mixing and applying the compositions to crops and other
plants. AU2009207634 particularly discloses the use of propuxur, chlorpyrifos, or Fastac (alpha
– cypermethrin) in those phytosanitary formulations. In a preferred embodiment therefore, a
veterinary formulation of the invention includes at least one veterinary pharmaceutical
compound and methyl 5-(dimethylamino)methyloxopentanoate; with the proviso that the
veterinary pharmaceutical compound is not: propuxur, chlorpyrifos, or Fastac (alpha –
cypermethrin). However, as stated above, veterinary uses (and in particular oral and topical
veterinary uses) were never envisioned by this publication.
AU2013100468, published 16 May 2013, describes the use of a solvent system requiring both
methyl 5-(dimethylamino)methyloxopentanoate and organic acid solvents, such as C -C
carboxylic acids (in particular lactic acid), in veterinary formulations that must also include an
IGR. The inventors of the present invention have discovered that methyl 5-(dimethylamino)
methyloxopentanoate may be used as the only solvent in veterinary formulations that include
IGRs and/or other actives (as described in detail below) and that a solvent system that also
includes C -C carboxylic acids is not needed. AU2013100468 specifically teaches IGR
containing formulations and refers broadly to the requirement of organic acids as part of the
solvent system. The document actually only demonstrates the use of C -C carboxylic acids
and, in particular lactic acid, as being able to produce the IGR containing formulations
described.
AU2013100468 also refers to the possible inclusion of any one or more of synthetic
pyrethroids, piperonyl butoxide, chloronicotinyls (for example imidacloprid), phenylpyrazoles
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(for example fipronil) with the required IGRs (for example (S)-methoprene). AU2013100468
does not recognise that other veterinary actives (as described in more detail below), including
any one or more of synthetic pyrethroids, piperonyl butoxide, chloronicotinyls (for example
imidacloprid), phenylpyrazoles (for example fipronil), can be formulated without the need for a
C -C carboxylic acid as part of a solvent system together with methyl 5-(dimethylamino)
methyloxopentanoate. AU2013100468 also does not recognise that any one or more of
synthetic pyrethroids, piperonyl butoxide, chloronicotinyls (for example imidacloprid),
phenylpyrazoles (for example fipronil) can be formulated without an IGR using a solvent system
including methyl 5-(dimethylamino)methyloxopentanoate and a C -C carboxylic acid.
An advantage of the formulations and methods of the present invention is the reduction in
irritation caused by delivery of the formulations either orally or topically over prior formulations.
For example, formulations based on pyrrolidone solvents are basic (high pH) and can therefore
be caustic. The formulations of the present invention preferably do not include components,
such as co-solvents or stabilising agents, which are caustic or which will cause skin irritation.
Therefore the formulations of the invention will preferably not include organic acid solvents,
such as C -C carboxylic acids (as described in AU2013100468), or pyrrolidone solvents. This
is particularly preferred where the formulations and methods of the invention are applied
topically, particularly in the case of “spot on” formulations for treatment of domestic animals.
While dermal irritation is an animal welfare concern for all animals, skin irritation following
treatment is particularly of concern to domestic animal owners who are less likely to be
compliant with medication if they believe there is any dermal irritation caused to the skin of their
animal by the treatment, even if it is merely cosmetic.
In a particularly preferred embodiment, when the formulations, and methods, of the invention
include an IGR (for example (S)-methoprene), alone or together with any one or more of
synthetic pyrethroids, piperonyl butoxide, chloronicotinyls (for example imidacloprid),
phenylpyrazoles (for example fipronil), the formulations, and methods, do not include a C -C
carboxylic acid(s) in a solvent system with methyl 5-(dimethylamino)methyl
oxopentanoate.
In a further preferred embodiment, when the formulations, and methods, of the invention
include any one or more of synthetic pyrethroids, piperonyl butoxide, chloronicotinyls (for
example imidacloprid), phenylpyrazoles (for example fipronil), the formulations, and methods,
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do not include a C -C carboxylic acid(s) in a solvent system with methyl 5-(dimethylamino)
methyloxopentanoate.
In a further preferred embodiment, when the formulations, and methods, of the invention
include any one or more of synthetic pyrethroids, piperonyl butoxide, chloronicotinyls (for
example imidacloprid), phenylpyrazoles (for example fipronil), and the formulations, and
methods, include a C -C carboxylic acid in a solvent system with methyl 5-(dimethylamino)
methyloxopentanoate, the formulations, and methods do not include an IGR.
Therefore, the invention preferably relates to a method of veterinary treatment, the method
including the step of administration of a formulation at least one veterinary pharmaceutical
compound and methyl 5-(dimethylamino)methyloxopentanoate; wherein when the
formulation includes an IGR the formulation does not include a C -C carboxylic acid as part of
the solvent system.
Further the invention preferably relates to a veterinary formulation including at least one
veterinary pharmaceutical compound and methyl 5-(dimethylamino)methyloxopentanoate;
wherein when the formulation includes an IGR the formulation does not include a C -C
carboxylic acid as part of the solvent system.
Still further the invention preferably relates to a method of producing a veterinary formulation
including the step of adding at least one veterinary pharmaceutical compound to methyl 5-
(dimethylamino)methyloxopentanoate; wherein when the formulation includes an IGR a
C -C carboxylic acid solvent is not added to the formulation.
In addition, solvents, such as pyrrolidone solvents in particular, can have a malodour which is
unpleasant for the administrator and the subject. Methyl 5-(dimethylamino)methyl
oxopentanoate for use in the formulations and methods of the invention has little or no odour
which results in more pleasant experience for the administrator and subject (particularly with
oral formulations), and allows for greater ease of storage (with less requirement for ventilation).
In addition, methyl 5-(dimethylamino)methyloxopentanoate has surprisingly been found to
be sufficiently non-toxic to allow use in veterinary formulations of the invention.
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In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is an
anthelmintic, more preferably, a macrocyclic lactone and/or anthelmintic nicotinic receptor
agonist and/or an amino-acetonitrile derivative (AAD) and/or an imidazothiazole and/or a
benzimidazole and/or a spirodioxepinoindole and/or a salicylanilide and/or a
benzenedisulfonamide.
Macrocyclic lactones for use in the invention include any or more of the avermectins and/or
milbemycins, for example, but not limited to, abamectin, ivermectin, doramectin, eprinomectin,
selamectin, moxidectin, milbemycin oxime. In some cases, macrocyclic lactones have broader
pesticidal activity (rather than just use as anthelmintic), for example, selamectin is used to treat
various types of worms, as well as scabies, fleas, ear mites and ticks and may therefore be
considered both an anthelmintic and a pesticide.
Anthelmintic nicotinic receptor agonist for use in the invention may be selected from any one or
more of levamisole, pyrantel, morantel.
Amino-Acetonitrile Derivatives (AADs) for use in the invention include, but are not limited to,
monepantel.
Imidazothiazoles for use in the invention include, but are not limited to a tetramisole, more
preferably levamisole.
Benzimidazoles for use in the invention include, but are not limited to albendazole,
oxfendazole, fendendazole, mebendazole, rycobendazole, parrbendazole, triclabendazole,
febantel, netobimin, thiabendazole, cambendazole.
Spirodioxepinoindoles for use in the invention include, but are not limited to, 2-
desoxoparaherquamide.
Salicylanilides for use in the invention include closantel.
Benzenedisulfonamides for use in the invention include clorsulon.
In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is
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a pesticide, even more preferably an ectoparasiticide or an endoparasiticide. Examples of
pesticides for use in the invention include, but are not limited to IGRs (insect growth regulators),
spinosyns and/or chloronicotinyls, pyrethrins and/or synthetic pyrethroids, organophosphates,
carbamates, formamidines, phenylpyrazoles, semicarbazone. However, and as stated
previously, when the formulation includes an IGR, a C -C carboxylic acid is not included as
part of the solvent system.
IGRs for use in the invention include, but are not limited to benzoylphenyl ureas (for example
fluazuron, diflubenzuron, flufenoxuron), triazine and pyrimidine derivatives (for example,
cyromazine and dicyclanil), juvenile hormone analogs (for example (S)-methoprene).
Spinosyns and/or chloronicotinyls for use in the invention include, but are not limited to
imidacloprid, spinosad.
Pyrethrins and/or synthetic pyrethroids for use in the invention include, but are not limited to
bioallethrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, fenvalerate, flumethrin, lambdacyhalothrin, phenothrin,
permethrin, including isomers and mixtures of isomers thereof, for example alpha-cypermethrin.
Piperonyl butoxide is optionally used in conjunction with the pyrethrins and pyrethroids due to
its synergistic action.
Organophosphates for use in the invention include, but are not limited to coumaphos, diazinon,
dichlorvos, famphur, fenthion, malathion, trichlorfon, stirofos (tetrachlorvinphos), phosmet,
chlorpyrifos, haloxon, metriphonate, cythioateand, propetamphos. In some cases
organophosphates are also used as anthelmintics, for example haloxon and metriphonate.
Carbamates for use in the invention include, but are not limited to carbaryl and/or propoxur.
Formamidines for use in the invention include, but are not limited to amitraz.
Phenylpyrazoles for use in the invention include, but are not limited to fipronil.
Semicarbazones for use in the invention include, but are not limited to metaflumizone,
In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is
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a cyclic depsipeptide. Cyclic depsipeptides for use in the invention include, but are not limited
to cyclosporine, valinomycin. Cyclic depsipeptides have a number of uses, for example,
cyclosporine is used for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in dogs. Valinomycin may be used as
an insecticide and/or a nematocide (see for example US3,520,973).
In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is
an anti-inflammatory and/or an analgesic. Examples of analgesics and/or anti-inflammatories
for use in the invention include, but are not limited to fentanyl, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories
(NSAID) (eg. ketoprofen). In some cases, compounds used as analgesics may, when used in
alternative dose rates, also be used as anaesthetics and/or sedatives.
In a further alternative preferred embodiment of the invention, the veterinary pharmaceutical
compound is an antiemetic, for example (but not limited to) metoclopramide, maropitant,
ondansetron.
In a further alternative preferred embodiment of the invention, the veterinary pharmaceutical
compound is an antihyperthyroid or an antihypothyroid, for example (but not limited to)
methimazole, levothyroxine sodium.
In some embodiments the formulation will include more than one veterinary pharmaceutical
compound. The invention should be taken to include such embodiments. In particular, two or
more veterinary pharmaceutical compounds for the same indication (for example,
anthelmintics) are included in the same formulation when there is the risk of resistance building
up to a single active, or where resistance is already an issue. It is also beneficial to include two
or more veterinary pharmaceutical compounds for different indications in the same formulation
(for example, an anthelmintic and an ectoparasiticide) to allow treatment or prophylaxis of more
than one condition in a single application. Such formulations save time in administration and
decrease distress to the animal by allowing a single treatment in place of two or more
treatments. The formulations and methods of the invention are particularly suited to providing
two or more actives in a single formulation, as methyl 5-(dimethylamino)methyl
oxopentanoate is capable of forming a stable formulation with a wide range of actives.
Accordingly the methods and formulations of the invention at least one veterinary
pharmaceutical compound and methyl 5-(dimethylamino)methyloxopentanoate, wherein
the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is selected from any one or more of: a macrocyclic
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lactone, an anthelmintic nicotinic receptor agonist, an amino-acetonitrile derivative, an
imidazothiazole, a benzimidazole, a spirodioxepinoindole, a salicylanilide, a
benzenedisulfonamide, an Insect Growth Regulator, a spinosyn, a chloronicotinyl, a pyrethrin,
a synthetic pyrethroid, an organophosphate, a carbamate, a formamidine, a phenylpyrazole, a
semicarbazone a cyclic depsipeptide, an anti-inflammatory, an analgesic, an antiemetic, an
antihyperthyroid, an antihypothyroid.
The amount of any one or more active used in the methods and formulations of the invention
will be dependent on the type of active, the method of administration and the type of (non-
human) animal being treated. The standard dose rates under Government standards are
dependent on all of these factors. The concentration of the formulation is also dependent on
user preference as in some cases a more concentrated formulation is desired so that there is
less need to administer a large volume of formulation. Examples of quantities of actives in the
formulations of the invention are as follows: about 0.1-10 %w/v, macrocyclic lactone, about 0.1-
40% w/v levamisole, about 0.1-20%w/v fipronil, 0.1-20%w/v IGR (for example (S)-methoprene),
about 0.1-20%w/v formamidine (for example Amitraz), about 0.1-20%w/v chloronicotinyl (for
example imidacloprid), about 0.1-40%w/v benzimidazole (for example triclabendazole);
however, as noted above these can be varied depending on user preference and intended use.
Accordingly preferred formulations include (1) about 0.1-10%w/v macrocyclic lactone and about
50-99.9%w/v methyl 5-(dimethylamino)methyloxopentanoate; (2) about 0.1-10%w/v
macrocyclic lactone, about 0.1-40% w/v levamisole and about 50-99.8%w/v methyl 5-
(dimethylamino)methyloxopentanoate; (3) about 0.1-20%w/v fipronil and about 50-
99.9%w/v methyl 5-(dimethylamino)methyloxopentanoate; (4) about 0.1-20%w/v
chloronicotinyl and about 50-99.9%w/v methyl 5-(dimethylamino)methyloxopentanoate;
(5) about 0.1-10%w/v macrocyclic lactone, about 0.1-20%w/v chloronicotinyl and about 50-
99.8%w/v methyl 5-(dimethylamino)methyloxopentanoate; (6) about 0.1-10%w/v
macrocyclic lactone, about 0.1-40%w/v benzimidazole and about 99.8%w/v methyl 5-
(dimethylamino)methyloxopentanoate. Any one of formulations (1) to (6) can optionally
include one or more preservatives (for example but not limited to BHA and/or BHT), one or
more co-solvents (for example but not limited to diethyl-glycol monobutyl ether).
In preferred cases the active(s) will dissolve or substantially dissolve in methyl 5-
(dimethylamino)methyloxopentanoate. In some cases, one or more co-solvent(s) may be
used. In such cases, the major solvent (i.e. the solvent in the formulation with the greatest
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volume) is preferably methyl 5-(dimethylamino)methyloxopentanoate. As will be apparent
to a skilled person, as methyl 5-(dimethylamino)methyloxopentanoate can be used as the
only, or major, solvent for veterinary formulations. It can also be used as a co-solvent if desired,
(i.e. a minor portion of the solvent system used); this is not the preferred use however. In some
cases the active may be micronized (ground to fine particles) and suspended in methyl 5-
(dimethylamino)methyloxopentanoate. Where there is a combination to two or more
actives, one or more of the actives may be dissolved while others are suspended. Co-solvents
for use in the invention include (but are not limited to) glycol ethers, for example diethylene
glycol monobutyl ether, benzyl alcohol, butyl dioxitol, mineral and vegetable oils, glycerol
formal/acetates, Miglycols (triglycerides of the fractionated plant fatty acids C8 and C10). Other
co-solvents commonly used in veterinary formulations will be known to a person skilled in the
art.
Where co-solvent(s) are used, they may be added to the methyl 5-(dimethylamino)methyl
oxopentanoate prior to the active(s), or after addition of the active(s). Alternatively, one or more
of the actives may be dissolved in the co-solvent prior to addition to the methyl 5-
(dimethylamino)methyloxopentanoate.
Preferably, the methyl 5-(dimethylamino)methyloxopentanoate makes up from about 50%
w/v to about 100% w/v of the solvent in the formulation, more preferably from about 60% w/v to
about 100% w/v of the solvent in the formulation, more preferably from about 70% w/v to about
100% w/v, even more preferably from about 80% to about 100% w/v of the solvent in the
formulation.
While a C -C carboxylic acid co-solvent could optionally be used in formulations for some
actives (but not IGRs), they would be an unnecessary additional expense and complication to
the formulations. In addition, like pyrrolidone solvents, they may also have irritancy issues.
Therefore in a preferred embodiment, the veterinary formulations do not include C -C
carboxylic acids.
In preferred embodiments of the invention, methyl 5-(dimethylamino)methyl
oxopentanoate will be the only solvent. Such formulations are particularly preferred, as a single
solvent (and therefore less components in the formulation) result in ease of manufacture (and
therefore lower manufacture costs) and simplified application process for regulatory approval.
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The formulations of the invention optionally include additional components, for example, but not
limited to, preservatives, anti-oxidants, colourings, surfactants, minerals, vitamins, thickeners
and/or buffers. Preservatives for use in the invention include (but are not limited to) butylated
hydroxyanisole, formalin and/or butylated hydroxytoluene. Surfactants may be used in oral
formulations in particular to aid in suspension and wettability.
Where preservatives, anti-oxidants, surfactants, thickeners and/or buffers are used, these may
be added to the methyl 5-(dimethylamino)methyloxopentanoate prior to the active(s), or at
the same time as the active(s), or alternatively after the active(s). It is preferred to add the
preservatives to the methyl 5-(dimethylamino)methyloxopentanoate prior to one or more
of the active(s). Where components are used which will colour the formulation, for example
colourings, minerals, it is preferred these are added to the formulation after the actives, to allow
clear visualization while dissolving the actives. However, these may be added to the
formulation at any time.
The formulations of the invention are surprisingly stable, which is particularly beneficial for the
commercial use of the formulations. The stability of the formulations allows extended shelf
lives, which are highly desirable to consumers (including veterinarians, wholesalers, and
farmers). An extended shelf life results in longer effective use periods, as well as lower waste
due to having to dispose of product which is out of date. An extended shelf life also reduces the
need to safely dispose of out of date product.
A common meaning of “stable” formulations is that the actives in the formulation decompose by
less than 10% after 12 months of storage in a suitable container at room temperature, more
preferably 24 months, more preferably 36 months even more preferably over 36 months.
However, as will be apparent to a person skilled in the art the stability will be at least partially
dependent on the active in the formulation. Some actives inherently have lower stability. The
formulations of the invention have at least comparable stability to prior art formulations.
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EXAMPLES
Example 1 – Topical Anthelmintic Formulation 1
Table 1 gives an example of an anthelmintic pour on formulation for use on cattle.
Table 1
Component Function of component Concentration
Levamisole Base (97.0%) Active 206 g/L
Abamectin Technical (95.0%) Active 11 g/L
Methyl 5-(dimethylamino)methyl- Solvent 853 g/L
-oxopentanoate
Manufacturing method
1. Add actives to methyl 5-(dimethylamino)methyloxopentanoate in a mixing vessel.
2. Stir at room temperature (or optionally warm) until actives dissolved and a clear solution
is obtained.
Example 2 – Ectoparasiticide formulations for use on cats and dogs - Formulations 2 to
Table 2 gives Examples of ectoparasiticidal formulations for administration to cats and dogs.
Formulations 4-7 in the table provide examples of formulations with more than one veterinary
pharmaceutical compound.
The manufacturing method of formulations 2-7 is per Example 1 above. The preservatives
butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene were added after the active (or actives).
However, where preservatives are used these may be added to the solvent prior to, at the
same time, or after the actives.
Table 2
Formulation 2 Formulation 3 Formulation 4 Formulation 5 Formulation 6 Formulation 7
Component
Fipronil 95% 105.3 g/L 105.3 g/L 105.3 g/L 65.9 g/L - 65.9 g/L
(active)
(S)-methoprene - 90 g/L 56.4 g/L - -
(active)
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Amitraz (active) - - 74.8 g/L - 74.8 g/L
Imidacloprid - - - 103.1 g/L 56.4 g/L
97% (active)
Butylated - 0.2 g/L 0.2 g/L 0.2 g/L 0.2 g/L 0.2 g/L
hydroxyanisole
(preservative)
Butylated - 0.1 g/L 0.1 g/L 0.1 g/L 0.1 g/L 0.1 g/L
hydroxytoluene
(preservative)
Methyl 5- 974.7 g/L 974.4 g/L 904.4 g/L 904.4 891.3 g/L 904.4 g/L
(dimethylamino)
methyl
oxopentanoate
(solvent)
Total 1080 1080 1100 1100 1100 1100
Example 3 – Anthelmintic formulations for use on cats and dogs – Formulations 8 and 9
Table 3 gives examples of anthelmintic formulations for administration to cats and dogs.
The manufacturing method of formulations 8 and 9 is as described in Example 2 above.
Table 3
Component Formulation 8 Formulation 9
(cats) (dogs)
Moxidectin 92% (active) 10.9 g/L 27.2 g/L
Butylated hydroxyanisole 0.2 g/L 0.2 g/L
(preservative)
Butylated hydroxytoluene 0.1 g/L 0.1 g/L
(preservative)
Methyl 5-(dimethylamino)methyl 1038.8 1022.5 g/L
oxopentanoate (solvent)
Total 1050 1050
Example 4 – Combination anthelmintic and ectoparasiticide formulations for use on cats
and dogs – Formulations 10 and 11
Table 4 gives examples combination formulations i.e. an anthelmintic and an ectoparasiticide,
for administration to cats and dogs.
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The manufacturing method of formulations 10 and 11 is as described in Example 2 above.
Table 4
Component Formulation 10 Formulation 11
(cats) (dogs)
Moxidectin 92% (active) 10.9 g/L 27.2 g/L
Imidacloprid 97% (active) 103.1 g/L 103.1 g/L
Butylated hydroxyanisole 0.2 g/L 0.2 g/L
(preservative)
Butylated hydroxytoluene 0.1 g/L 0.1 g/L
(preservative)
Methyl 5-(dimethylamino)methyl 965.7 g/L 949.4 g/L
oxopentanoate (solvent)
Total 1080 1080
Example 5 –Topical and oral combination anthelmintic formulation – Formulation 12
Table 5 gives an example of a topical and/or oral combination anthelmintic formulation useful
for the treatment of liver fluke.
The manufacturing method of formulation 12 is per Example 1 above.
Table 5 – Formulation 12
Component Concentration
Avermectin (active) 5
Triclabendazole (active) 300
Methyl 5-(dimethylamino)methyl Qs to 1L
oxopentanoate (solvent)
Example 6 - Combination anthelmintic formulation including co-solvent – Formulation 13
Table 6 gives an example of a formulation of the invention including a co-solvent (diethylene
glycol monobutyl ether) with the major solvent (methyl 5-(dimethylamino)methyl
oxopentanoate).
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Table 6 – Formulation 13
Component Concentration
%w/v
Avermectin (active) 1.158
Levamisole (active) 21.01
diethylene glycol monobutyl ether 25
(co-solvent)
Methyl 5-(dimethylamino)methyl 60
oxopentanoate (solvent)
The manufacturing method is as Example 1 (above) with the addition of the co-solvent prior to
addition of the actives.
Example 7 – Stability testing (fipronil active) – Formulation 14
Formulation 14 (shown in table 7) was stored at room temperature in Neopac – Polyfoil PF
containers for 12 months then tested for the quantity of active ingredient. Results are shown in
Table 8. The decomposition of the veterinary pharmaceutical compound (Fipronil) was 0.8%
after 12 months.
No change in appearance or specific gravity was noticeable after 12 months. Further no
distortion of the packaging was noticeable after 12 months.
Table 7 – Formulation 14
Component Function of component Concentration (g/L)
Fipronil (active) Active 100
BHA (preservative) Preservative 0.2
BHT (preservative) Preservative 0.1
Methyl 5-(dimethylamino) Solvent to 1L
methyloxopentanoate
Table 8 – (Stability data Formulation 14)
Time period Fipronil (g/L) Test method
Time zero 100.2 HPLC ATM-1023
12 months 99.4 HPLC ATM-1023
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Example 8 - Stability testing Formulations 1, 6, 9, 11, 12, 13 and 15
Table 9 shows stability trial data for Formulation 1 stored at ambient temperature and at 40ºC.
In all stability trials the amount of active at the start of the trial is measured in order to take into
account the purity of the active that went into the formulation.
Table 9 – (Stability data Formulation 1)
Time period Temperature Abamectin (g/L) Levamisole (g/L)
0 days Ambient 10.6 199.6
365 days Ambient 10.1 197.2
0 days 40ºC 10.6 199.6
28 days 40ºC 9.8 199.1
Table 10 shows stability trial data for Formulation 6 stored at ambient temperature.
Table 10 - (Stability data Formulation 6)
Time period Temperature Imidacloprid (g/L)
0 days Ambient 101.8
365 days Ambient 101.2
Table 11 shows stability trial data for Formulation 9 stored at ambient temperature.
Table 11 - (Stability data Formulation 9)
Time period Temperature Moxidectin (g/L)
0 days Ambient 24.8
365 days Ambient 24.3
Table 12 shows stability trial data for Formulation 11 stored at ambient temperature.
Table 12 - (Stability data Formulation 11)
Time period Temperature Moxidectin (g/L) Imidacloprid (g/L)
0 days Ambient 25.2 100.9
365 days Ambient 24.8 100.5
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Table 13 shows stability trial data for Formulation 12 stored at ambient temperature and at
40ºC.
Table 13 – (Stability data Formulation 12)
Time period Temperature Abamectin (g/L) Triclabendazole (g/L)
0 days Ambient 5.1 298.3
365 days Ambient 5 288.8
0 days 40ºC 5.6 302.1
28 days 40ºC 5.2 296.5
Table 14 shows stability trial data for Formulation 13 stored at ambient temperature and at
40ºC.
Table 14 – (Stability data Formulation 13)
Time period Temperature Abamectin (g/L) Levamisole (g/L)
0 days Ambient 10.4 200.6
365 days Ambient 9.8 198.8
0 days 40ºC 10.4 200.6
28 days 40ºC 9.6 200.4
Example 9 – Topical and oral anthelmintic formulation and stability testing
Table 15 gives an example of a topical and/or oral anthelmintic formulation useful for the
treatment of liver fluke (Formulation 15).
Table 15 – Formulation 15
Component Concentration g/L
Triclabendazole (active) 300
Methyl 5-(dimethylamino)methyl Qs to 1L
oxopentanoate (solvent)
Table 16 shows stability trial data for Formulation 15 stored at ambient temperature.
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Table 16 - (Stability data Formulation 15)
Time period Temperature Triclabendazole (g/L)
0 days Ambient 308.1
365 days Ambient 296.5
The stability date in Examples 7, 8 and 9 show the formulations of the invention are surprisingly
stable. All of the actives in the formulations tested decompose by less than 10% after 12
months stored at ambient temperature. In most cases the decomposition is far less than 10%
after 12 months at ambient temperature. It is therefore expected the products will have
extended shelf lives of 2-3 years.
Example 10 – Animal Trial
A trial was conducted in Cattle to evaluate efficacy and safety of Formulation 1 against a
commercially available product containing the same active ingredients at the same levels.
The trial was performed on 18 month old cattle at a farm located in the Waikato, New Zealand.
The Cattle were selected into groups of 8, based on their FEC. The products were applied
topically using a large plastic syringe. The dose volumes were determined from the weight of
each animal.
Results
Table 17- Results from trial group treated with Formulation 1 of the invention
Animal ID Initial Faecal Egg Faecal Egg Count
Count (epg) Day 14 (epg)
146 blue 300 0
484 300 0
82 250 0
483 300 0
85 150 0
1721 400 50
469 700 0
482 200 0
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Table 18 - Results from control trial group
Animal ID Initial Faecal Egg Faecal Egg Count
Count (epg) Day 14 (epg)
456 200 400
1719 100 450
89 250 200
459 200 300
460 300 150
457 150 300
470 150 250
481 200 200
Table 19 – Comparative example - Results from trial group treated with commercially
available product
Animal ID Initial Faecal Egg Faecal Egg Count
Count (epg) Day 14 (epg)
199 400 0
190 150 0
45 100 0
192 100 0
50 100 0
54 400 100
2840 200 50
2842 300 0
The results of the trail show the formulation of the invention has comparable or potentially
better efficacy than the commercially available product. The results also show the actives are
effectively delivered to the subject when applied topically.
The results also show that methyl 5-(dimethylamino)methyloxopentanoate can be used to
prepare stable and effective veterinary formulations that contain multiple actives or single
actives with, and without, the use of additional preservatives. The invention therefore can also
be seen to be the use of methyl 5-(dimethylamino)methyloxopentanoate in the
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manufacture of topical and oral veterinary formulations containing at least one veterinary active
compound. In a more preferred embodiment, the invention can be seen to be the use of methyl
-(dimethylamino)methyloxopentanoate in the manufacture of topical and oral veterinary
formulations containing at least one veterinary active compound with the proviso that where the
veterinary active compound is an IGR, the formulation does not also include a C -C carboxylic
acid (organic acid) as part of the solvent system.
General
The entire disclosures of all applications, patents and publications cited above and below, if
any, are herein incorporated by reference.
Reference to any prior art in this specification is not, and should not be taken as, an
acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that that prior art forms part of the common
general knowledge in the field of endeavour in any country in the world.
The invention may also be said broadly to consist in the parts, elements and features referred
to or indicated in the specification of the application, individually or collectively, in any or all
combinations of two or more of said parts, elements or features.
Wherein the foregoing description reference has been made to integers or components having
known equivalents thereof, those integers are herein incorporated as if individually set forth.
It should be noted that various changes and modifications to the presently preferred
embodiments described herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Such changes and
modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and
without diminishing its attendant advantages. It is therefore intended that such changes and
modifications be included within the scope of the invention.
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Claims (14)
1. A method of veterinary treatment, the method including the step of administration of a formulation including: 5 at least one veterinary pharmaceutical compound selected from any one or more of: a macrocyclic lactone, an anthelmintic nicotinic receptor agonist, an amino-acetonitrile derivative, an imidazothiazole, a benzimidazole, a spirodioxepinoindole, a salicylanilide, a benzenedisulfonamide, a spinosyn, a chloronicotinyl, a pyrethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid, an organophosphate, a carbamate, a formamidine, a phenylpyrazole, a semicarbazone; a 10 cyclic depsipeptide, an anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiemetic an antihyperthyroid, an antihypothyroid; and methyl 5-(dimethylamino)methyloxopentanoate.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the formulation is administered topically.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the formulation is administered orally.
4. The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is an anthelmintic selected from any one or more of: a macrocyclic lactone, an 20 anthelmintic nicotinic receptor agonist, an amino-acetonitrile derivative, an imidazothiazole, a benzimidazole, a spirodioxepinoindole, a salicylanilide, a benzenedisulfonamide.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the macrocyclic lactone is selected from: abamectin, 25 ivermectin, doramectin, eprinomectin, selamectin, moxidectin, milbemycin oxime, selamectin.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the benzimidazole is triclabendazole. 30
7. The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is a pesticide selected from any one or more of: a spinosyn, a chloronicotinyl, a pyrethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid, an organophosphate, a carbamate, a formamidine, a phenylpyrazole, a semicarbazone. KAE509143NZPR 303275309-1
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the phenylpyrazole is fipronil.
9. The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is a cyclic depsipeptide.
10. The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is an anti-inflammatory.
11. The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the veterinary pharmaceutical compound 10 is an analgesic.
12. The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is an antiemetic. 15
13. The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the veterinary pharmaceutical compound is an antihyperthyroid or an antihypothyroid.
14. A method of veterinary treatment as claimed in claim 1, substantially as hereinbefore described with particular reference to any one of the Examples.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NZ616160B2 true NZ616160B2 (en) | 2014-09-30 |
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