NZ610745A - Agricultural spreading apparatus and method - Google Patents
Agricultural spreading apparatus and methodInfo
- Publication number
- NZ610745A NZ610745A NZ61074512A NZ61074512A NZ610745A NZ 610745 A NZ610745 A NZ 610745A NZ 61074512 A NZ61074512 A NZ 61074512A NZ 61074512 A NZ61074512 A NZ 61074512A NZ 610745 A NZ610745 A NZ 610745A
- Authority
- NZ
- New Zealand
- Prior art keywords
- agricultural
- material distribution
- vehicle
- land
- compartments
- Prior art date
Links
Abstract
An agricultural material distribution means incorporated in a mobile spreading apparatus (141) for spreading wetted fertilizer materials or liming agents to the land is disclosed. The distribution means includes a plurality of agricultural material distribution heads (157), spaced apart from each other and operatively connected by a material supply means (200) wherein the flow of the fertilizer materials or liming agents into each of the distribution heads can be individually controlled. The mobile spreading apparatus further including a plurality of bins (115, 116, 143, 145, 149) or compartments adapted to contain and separate different materials for spreading, wherein the plurality of compartments are each operatively connected to the distribution means to allow the materials to be expelled via distribution heads. Preferably, the apparatus further includes a plurality of mixing means (161) adapted to mix the fertilizer material(s) or liming agent(s) with liquid, wherein the plurality of compartments, plurality of mixing means and the distribution means are operatively connected to each other so that the fertilizer material(s) or liming agent(s) from each of the compartments can be delivered via delivery means to be mixed together to the plurality of mixing means and then delivered to the distribution means to be expelled out from the each of the distribution heads of the distribution means. A control system capable of storing data or information relating to an area of land including the desired nutrient and/or lime application rates for specific regions of the area of land is also disclosed. Preferably, the apparatus includes a sensor adapted to sense at least one parameter of the soil or vegetation in the vicinity of the apparatus as the apparatus moves over the land, and to provide information to the control system. Preferably, the control system is capable of processing pre-loaded data and/or data received while moving over the land, and of controlling the rate at which material is supplied from each of the compartments as the apparatus moves over the land. The control system controls the mixing and distribution of the fertilizer materials and liming agents so as distribute in an area only that which that area requires.
Description
Agricultural Spreading Apparatus and IVIethod
The invention relates to agricultural material distribution spinners, a mobile agricultural
material distribution means, spreading apparatus for spreading materials used in agriculture,
and to a method of operation.
Background of Invention
Currently spreading apparatus are used on farms and orchards etc, to spread various fertiliser
products, minerals and growth ameliorants in desired quantities and compositions over the
land. Such spreading is typically carried out using towable trailers, trucks, airplanes and
helicopters with a storage compartment for the material that is to be spread. The material
that is spread is typically chosen from a range of commercially available products, to suit the
general requirements of the field or farm. Most often a fertilizer blend is mixed prior to being
loaded into a spreading device.
However, the specific plant and soil nutrient requirements differ across the farm and intra-
paddock. Factor such as contour, aspect, soil type, rainfall, altitude are natural influences on
fertility whist paddock design, farm design, water trough placement, stocking rate and type
or cropping rate and type are influences resulting from human involvement. The
combination of both will influence the soil nutrient availability.
There are five key macro elements that are typically required to different degrees;
1. Nitrogen
Nitrogen is a central component of many important aspects of plant cells. It is a forms a vital
constituent of chlorophyll which in turn is essential for photosynthesis and a component in
amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. Nitrogen is a constituent of energy-transfer
compounds like as ATP which permit cells to preserve and utilize the energy released during
metabolism and is an important constituent ofnucleic acids such as DNA.
2. Phosphate
Phosphorus is prominent in its task of capturing and changing energy from the sun into plant
useful compounds. It is a key chemical in a plants DNA & RNA as well as having a role to
play in an energy carrying unit in plants. Phosphorus is an essential component of ATP
206963NZB spec Formal 20140807.doc
which forms during photosynthesis. It is a contributor to the_vigour of plants and whilst
deficiency can be difficult to diagnose, not having standout symptoms such as are evident in
nitrogen deficiency, generally phosphate deficiency results in ill thrift. Growth factors
attributed to phosphorus include development and strength of roots, stems leaves and
flowers, increased ability to fix nitrogen in legumes and increased resistance to disease.
3. Potassium
Potassium has a role in regulatory processes in plants. It is critical in a wide array of
processes essential plant processes including photosynthesis, translocation, protein synthesis,
regulation of plant stomata/water use, activation of plant enzymes amongst many others.
Deficiency can result in lower drought tolerance, lower resistance to pests and diseases
attacks.
4. Sulphur
Sulphur contributes to the fonnation of proteins with cytosine and methionine being vital in
plant structure and function. There are a large range of organic sulphur compounds, such as
glutathione, sulpho-lipids and other compoxmds such as glucosinolates, phytochelatins,
which have a role in physiology and protection against environmental stress and pests.
Sulphur deficiency can result in the loss of plant production, thrift and resistance to
environmental stress, pests and disease.
. Calcium
Calcium is important to plant physiology and calcium carbonate is also used by farmers to
increase soil pH which in turn affects plant physiology and availability of nutrients. Plant
available calcium is present in soluble cation form (Ca++) and adsorbed to the soil colloidal
complex. Calcium plays a role in cell division, elongation and wall integrity, nitrate uptake,
metabolism, action of enzymes and metabolism. Calcium is relatively immobile, therefore
continuous supply is essential.
Other products that are required in specific circumstances include: gibberellic acid, humates,
falvic acids, inhibitors (Polyacrylamides, DCD, NBPT), and other agri chemicals.
206963NZB spec Formal 20140807.doc
In today's modern farming practices it is not uncommon to test samples of soil across a range
of locations on a farm, and to produce a map showing the specific nutrient requirements of
specific areas of farms and paddocks. In addition it is possible to survey the vegetation and
to identify specific nutrient requirements, for example by comparing the relative health of the
vegetation in one area compared to an adjacent area.
The application of nutrients is typically an expensive process. And just as the application of
the correct nutrients can be beneficial, the application of excess nutrients can be harmful to
the soil and vegetation and surrounding environment, for example to waterways. What is
needed is a better way of distributing the nutrients so that they can be applied in a more
targeted fashion.
When spreading fertilizers with a large range of particle sizes, it is often very difficult to
achieve even spreading. When spreading, the larger particles will typically fly further than
smaller particles. Some fertilisers such as urea are in a pellet form while the nutrients are
often in powdered form. When such powdered or fine nutrients are spread with urea in pellet
form, the powder tends to separate and can be carried away in the wind or be spread in an
uneven rate across the swath especially due to relative weight difference of each particle.
Fertilizer particle overshoot is a problem in traditional spinner type arrangements and
traditional flood nozzle spray applicator techniques. While several spinner spreaders have
been. designed to accommodate overshoot, none seems to completely avoid the overshoot
problem. Such overshoot on outside runs may have adverse affect to the environment, for
example, it may cause contamination of rivers etc.
A typical spray nozzle cannot cope with the varying intra swath spreading rates without
constantly changing nozzles and will block given the varying particle sizes. A standard
spinner cannot throw varying size particles evenly.
Although product such as urea are often prilled to an even particle size to provide uniform
flow and predictable spread pattern, for other reasons it is not always desirable to make all
particles exactly the same size and a variation of particle sizes is desirable, for example,
some for fast release, some for slow release or some available for leaf absorption and some
available for root absorption etc. Since, most fertilizer spinners are designed to spread over
206963NZB spec Formal 20140807.doc
large distances and have a cross-over or overshoot, they often lead to contamination outside
the desired area and also lead to inadequate distribution of different size particles.
Often the soils have different nutrient requirements. For example, some soil may require
more nitrogen and some may require more potassium. Simply spreading the same blend of
fertilizer over the entire area can be wasteful.
In this specification unless the contrary is expressly stated, where a document, act or item of
knowledge is referred to or discussed, this reference or discussion is not an admission that
the document, act or item of knowledge or any combination thereof was at the priority date,
publicly available, known to the public, part of common general knowledge; or known to be
relevant to an attempt to solve any problem with which this specification is concerned.
Object of the Invention
It is an object of the invention to provide an improved agricultural material distribution
spinner, mobile agricultural distribution means, improved mobile spreading apparatus and
spreading method that ameliorates some of the disadvantages and limitations of the known
art or at least provides the public with a useful choice.
Summary of Invention
In a first aspect the invention may broadly be said to reside in an agricultural material
distribution spinner for spreading wetted fertilizer materials or liming agents to the land
having a spinner body wherein the spinner body is rotational about a first rotational axis and
is configured to receive a mixture of fertilizer materials or liming agents and a liquid to
distribute the fertilizer materials or liming agents at multiple trajectory angles.
Preferably, the spinner includes at least two angled spouts operatively connected to the
spinner body for the distribution of the fertilizer materials or liming agents in trajectory
angle, wherein at least one spout is being angled at a different trajectory angle to the other
spout or spouts.
Preferably, the spinner includes at least two spouts for distribution of the fertilizer materials
or liming agents, a first spout being angled at a first angle relative to the rotational axis of the
206963NZB spec Formal 20140807.doc
spinner and at least one other spout being angled at a second and different angle to the
rotational axis of the spinner.
Preferably, the second angle is at least five degrees more or less than the first angle.
Preferably, the spouts first exit the spinner body horizontally and are then angled
downwards,
Preferably, the spouts are connected to the spinner body by an angled or a curved elbow and
are removable.
Preferably, each spouts are angled 45 degrees with respect to the first rotational axis of the
spinner.
Preferably, a removable nozzle is connected to the end of each spout.
Preferably, the spout, the spinner body or the nozzle is made out of plastic or stainless steel.
Preferably, the or each spout has_break points.
Preferably, the at least one feed pipe is operatively connected to the spinner body for
delivering material to the spinner.
Preferably, the spinner is not a closed, pressurised vessel and is designed with a top lip for
controlling splash out.
Preferably, the spinner body that is configured to receive the materials is a spinner housing
including guiding means adapted to guide the material inside the spinner to the spouts.
Preferably, the operating RPM of the spinner is less than 500 RPM and preferably 100-350
RPM.
Preferably, the spinner is adapted to throw shorter distances and distribute varying particle
sizes.
In a second aspect the invention may broadly be said to reside in a mobile agricultural
material distribution means for spreading wetted fertilizer materials or liming agents to the
land, wherein the distribution means includes a plurality of agricultural material distribution
206963NZB spec Formal 20140807.doc
spinners as described above, the spinners being spaced apart from each other and operatively
connected by a material supply means wherein the flow of the fertilizer materials or liming
agents into each of the spinners can be individually controlled.
Preferably, the rate of delivery of fertilizer materials or liming agents to each of the plurality
of distribution means can be individually controlled.
Preferably, the material supply means is a conduit or conduits configured to allow fertilizer
materials or liming agents to flow to each material distribution spinner.
Preferably, one or more controllable valves are included in one or more of the supply paths
connecting the compartments to the distribution means.
In a third aspect the invention may broadly be said to reside in a mobile spreading apparatus
for spreading wetted fertilizer materials or liming agents to the land incorporating at least
one mobile agricultural material distribution means as described above, the mobile spreading
apparatus further including a plurality of bins or compartments adapted to contain and
separate different materials for spreading, wherein the plurality of compartments are each
operatively connected to the distribution means to allow the materials to be expelled via
spinners.
Preferably, the apparatus further includes a plurality of mixing means adapted to mix the
fertilizer material(s) or liming agent(s) with liquid, wherein the plurality of compartments,
plurality of mixing means and the distribution means are operatively connected to each other
so that the fertilizer material(s) or liming agent(s) from each of the compartments can be
delivered via delivery means to be mixed together to the plurality of mixing means and then
delivered to the distribution means to be expelled out from the each of the spinners of the
distribution means.
Preferably, each of the plurality of mixing means is a mixer unit including a housing inside
which at least one circular disc is rotated, the at least one circular disc being adapted to rotate
about a first rotational axis by a rotating means that is operatively connected to the mixer
unit.
Preferably, the disc is designed to produce a variable particle size, thereby allowing for a leaf
absorption of some portion of soluble treatments as well as particle soil absorption.
206963NZB soec Formal 20140807.doc
Preferably, the plurality of the compartments is/are in the form of hoppers configured to hold
dry material.
Preferably, the plurality of compartments is/are in the form of a tank configured to hold
material in liquid form.
Preferably, the liquid is water and or nutrients in a liquid form.
Preferably, the liquid is Agchem or soil or pasture/crop treatment fluid.
Preferably, the delivery means includes at least one conveyor means configured to move
material from one or more of the compartments to the mixing means.
Preferably, the speed of the or each conveyor means is controllable.
Preferably, the or each conveyor means is driven by a dedicated drive motor or is driven
independently from a common drive motor using suitable transmission means.
Preferably, the conveyor means includes a belt or chain conveyor.
Preferably, wherein the delivery means includes one or more conduits configured to allow
material to flow from one or more of the compartments to the mixing means.
Preferably, the apparatus also includes a control system configured to control the rate at
which material is supplied from each compartment to the mixing means.
Preferably, the control system controls the rate at which the conveyor means conveys the
material.
Preferably, the apparatus further includes a positioning system, for example a global
positioning system.
Preferably, the control system is capable of storing data or information relating to an area of
land including the desired nutrient and/or lime application rates for specific regions of the
area of land.
Preferably, the apparatus includes a sensor adapted to sense at least one parameter of the soil
or vegetation in the vicinity of the apparatus as the apparatus moves over the land, and to
provide information to the control system.
Preferably, the control system is capable of processing pre-loaded data and/or data received
while moving over the land, and of controlling the rate at which material is supplied from
each of the compartments as the apparatus moves over the land.
Preferably, the apparatus includes grinding means configured to grind material from one or
more of the compartments before the material is received by the distribution means.
Preferably, the mixing means and the grinding means is the same.
Preferably, the apparatus is attached on a trailer or a truck.
Preferably, the apparatus is configured to be transported by an aircraft, for example a fixed
wing aircraft or a helicopter.
Preferably, the apparatus is configured for integration with an irrigation system, for example
a travelling irrigator with centre pivot.
The term "material" in the context of at least in the above three aspects of the invention is
understood to mean any fertilizer material(s) or liming agent(s), unless clearly indicated
otherwise.
In a fourth aspect the invention may broadly be said to reside in a mobile spreading
apparatus for spreading agricultural fertilizer materials and liming materials, the apparatus
having at least one material distribution means and a plurality of compartments for holding a
plurality of different materials separate from one another while the different materials are
held by the apparatus, and the apparatus being configured such that the rate at which material
is supplied from each compartment to the material distribution means is variable and is
individually controlled.
Preferably one or more of the compartments is/are in the form of hoppers configured to hold
dry material.
20140807.doc
Optionally one or more of the compartments is/are in the form of a tank configured to hold
material in liquid form.
Optionally the liquid is water and or nutrients in a liquid form.
Optionally liquid is Agchem or soil or pasture/crop treatment fluid.
Preferably the apparatus includes conveyor means configured to move material from one or
more of the compartments to the material distribution means.
Preferably the speed of the or each convey or means is controllable.
Preferably each conveyor means is driven by a dedicated drive motor. Alternatively each
conveyor can be driven independently from a common drive motor using suitable
transmission means.
Preferably the conveyor means includes a belt or chain conveyor.
Optionally the apparatus includes one or more conduits configured to allow material to flow
from one or more of the compartments to the material distribution means.
Optionally the apparatus includes one or more controllable valves in one or more of the
supply paths connecting the compartments to the material distribution means.
Preferably the apparatus also includes a control system configured to control the rate at
which material is supplied from each compartment to the material distribution means.
Preferably the control system controls the rate at which the conveyor means conveys the
material.
Preferably the apparatus includes a positioning system, for example a global positioning
system.
Preferably the control means is capable of storing data or information relating to an area of
land including the desired nutrient and/or lime application rates for specific regions of the
area of land.
Optionally the apparatus includes sensor adapted to sense at least one parameter of the soil or
vegetation in the vicinity of the apparatus as the apparatus moves over the land, and to
provide information to the control system.
Preferably the control system is capable of processing pre-loaded data and/or data received
while moving over the land, and of controlling the rate at which material is supplied from
each of the compartments as the apparatus moves over the land.
Preferably the apparatus includes grinding means configured to grind material from one or
more of the compartments before the material is received by the material distribution means.
Preferably the apparatus includes mixing means configured to mix the material from more
than one compartment before the material is received by the material distribution means.
Preferably the material distribution means includes one or more crusher units configured to
throw the material from the apparatus as the apparatus moves over the land.
Optionally the material distribution means is a boom with spinners.
Optionally the material distribution means includes spray apparatus configured to spray the
material onto the land as the apparatus moves over the land.
Preferably the apparatus is configured to be transported on a trailer or a truck.
Optionally the apparatus is configured to be transported by an aircraft, for example a fixed
wing aircraft or a helicopter.
Optionally the apparatus is configured for integration with an irrigation system, for example
a travelling imgator with centre pivot.
In a fifth aspect the invention may broadly be said to reside in a spreading apparatus for
spreading agricultural material on to land, the apparatus having a plurality of bins or
compartments adapted to contain and separate different materials for spreading, a material
formulation determination means, and material distribution means, and the apparatus is
configured such that the material formulation determination means operates while the
vehicle is moving, and is configured to determine the required formulation of material for a
particular section of land, and to control the rate at which material is transferred from each of
the compartments to the material spreading means to achieve the required formulation and
application rate for the particular section of land.
Preferably the apparatus includes delivery means which moves material from each of the
compartments to the material spreading means.
Preferably the material formulation determination means controls the rate of operation of
each of the material moving means.
Preferably the material formulation determination means includes a microprocessor.
Optionally the apparatus includes a sensor adapted to measure at least one parameter of the
vegetation on the land in the vicinity of the apparatus and to supply data to the material
formulation determination means .
Preferably, the apparatus includes at least one mixing apparatus, each having at least one disc
centrally mounted in a mixing chamber, wherein the or each of the mixing chambers are
operatively connected between the compartments and the material distribution means.
Preferably, the or each mixing apparatus is configured to cmsh, grind or blend the fertilizers.
Preferably, disc comprises a circular plate member having a perimeter wall and apertures
therein.
Preferably, the or each disc has a diameter less than the diameter of the mixing chamber to
cause there to be a gap there between.
Preferably, the apparatus includes at least one mixing tank located at a discharge end of the
housing.
Preferably, the apparatus includes five bins with a water tank located between them at a
lower position wherein the water tank has a triangular cross section.
Preferably, the material moving means is positioned on a lower edge of the bins.
Preferably the material moving means includes at least an upper and lower movable chain or
belt member.
Preferably, the apparatus includes a crushing apparatus.
In a sixth aspect the invention may broadly be said to reside in a mobile spreading apparatus
for spreading agricultural fertilizer materials and liming materials, the apparatus having a
plurality of compartments for holding a plurality of different particulate materials separate
from each other while the different materials are held by the apparatus, at least one liquid
storage compartment, at least one material distribution means, and delivery means for
delivering the particulate material to the material distribution means, the apparatus being
configured such that liquid is mixed with the particulate material prior to the particulate
material being received by the material distribution means and the rate at which the material
is supplied from each compartment to the material distribution means is variable and is
individually controllable.
Preferably, the liquid storage compartment is a tank configured to hold water and/or nutrients
in a liquid form such as Agchem or soil or pasture/crop treatment fluid.
Preferably, one or more of the compartments is/are in the form of hoppers configured to hold
dry material.
Preferably, the one or more compartments are adjustable in size.
Preferably, the delivery means is a conveyor means configured to move material from one or
more of the compartments to the material distribution means.
Preferably, the speed of the conveyor means is controllable.
Preferably, each conveyor means is driven by a dedicated drive motor. Alternatively each
conveyor can be driven independently from a common drive motor using suitable
transmission means.
Preferably, the conveyor means includes a belt or chain conveyor.
Preferably, the apparatus includes one or more conduits configured to allow material to flow
from one or more of the compartments to the material distribution means.
Preferably, the apparatus includes one or more controllable valves in one or more of the
supply paths connecting the compartments to the material distribution means.
Preferably, the apparatus also includes a control system configured to control the rate at
which material is supplied from each compartment to the material distribution means.
Preferably, the control system controls the rate at which the conveyor means conveys the
material.
Preferably, the apparatus includes a positioning system, for example a global positioning
system.
Preferably, the control means is capable of storing data or information relating to an area of
land including the desired nutrient and/or lime application rates for specific regions of the
area of land.
Preferably, the apparatus includes sensor adapted to sense at least one parameter of the soil
or vegetation in the vicinity of the apparatus as the apparatus moves over the land, and to
provide information to the control system.
Preferably, the control system is capable of processing pre-loaded data and/or data received
while moving over the land, and of controlling the rate at which material is supplied from
each of the compartments as the apparatus moves over the land.
Preferably, the apparatus includes at least one mixer unit configured to mix material from
one or more of the compartments with liquid before the material is received by the material
distribution means.
Preferably, the at least one mixer unit configured to crush and/or grind material from one or
more of the compartments before the material is received by the material distribution means.
Preferably, the one or more material distribution means is configured to throw the material
from the apparatus when the apparatus moves over the land.
Preferably, the material distribution means includes spray apparatus configured to spray the
material onto the land as the apparatus moves over the land.
Preferably, the material distribution means is a boom with spinners.
Preferably, the apparatus is configured to be transported on a trailer or a truck.
Preferably, the apparatus is configured to be transported by an aircraft, for example a fixed
wing aircraft or a helicopter.
Preferably, the apparatus is configured for integration with an irrigation system, for example
a travelling imgator with centre pivot.
In a seventh aspect the invention may broadly be said to reside in a spreading apparatus for
spreading agricultural material on to land, the apparatus having a plurality of bins or
compartments adapted to contain and separate different materials for spreading, at least one
mixing means adapted to mix the material or materials with liquid, material formulation
determination means, and material spreading means, and the apparatus is configured such
that the material formulation determination means operates while the vehicle is moving, and
is configured to determine the required formulation of material for a particular section of
land, and to control the rate at which material is transferred from each of the compartments
to the material spreading means to achieve the required formulation and application rate for
the particular section of land.
Preferably the apparatus includes material moving means which moves material from each of
the compartments to the material spreading means.
Preferably the material formulation determination means controls the rate of operation of
each of the material moving means.
Preferably the material formulation determination means includes a microprocessor.
Optionally the apparatus includes a sensor adapted to measure at least one parameter of the
vegetation on the land in the vicinity of the apparatus and to supply data to the material
formulation determination means.
Preferably, the at least one mixing means is a mixer unit having at least one rotatable disc
and a mixing chamber wherein the at least one disc is centrally mounted in a mixing
chamber.
Preferably, the disc is a circular plate member having a plurality of apertures therein.
Preferably, the disc comprises a circular plate member having plurality of blades
circumferentially surrounding the disc.
Preferably, the blades are twisted.
Preferably, the disc comprises at least one elongate rib.
Preferably, each disc has a diameter less than the diameter of the mixing chamber to cause
there to be a gap there between.
Preferably, the apparatus includes at least one tank located at a discharge end of the housing.
Preferably, the apparatus includes six bins with a water tank located between them at a lower
position wherein the water tank has a triangular cross section.
Preferably, the apparatus includes one or more liquid tanks for storing Agchem or
agricultural chemicals or soil/pasture/crop treatment fluids.
Preferably, the apparatus the material moving means is positioned on a lower edge of the
bins.
Preferably the material moving means includes at least an upper and lower movable chain or
belt member.
In a eighth aspect the invention may broadly be said to reside in a method of operating a
spreading apparatus as disclosed where the following steps includes at least the following
steps;
- fill or load all compartments with specified materials,
- vehicle is moved over an area of land,
- material formulation determination means operates to assess the localised fertiliser
and/or liming agent requirements,
- the apparatus is controlled to supply the desired material formulation,
- the apparatus spreads the desired material formulation over the land in the vicinity
of the vehicle as the vehicle moves over the land.
Brief Description
Further aspects of the present invention will become apparent from the following description
which is given by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying drawings in
which:
Figure 1 is a schematic perspective side view of the compartments of the spreader
apparatus in accordance with a first preferred embodiment of the invention,
Figure 2 is a schematic cross sectional view of the apparatus of Figure 1,
Figure 3 is a schematic end view of the apparatus of Figure 1 showing
grinding/mixing units,
Figure 4 is a schematic side elevation view showing the flow from a number of
compartments into a grinding/mixing unit,
Figure 5 is a schematic plan view of a disc of the grinding unit,
Figure 6 is a perspective view of the compartments of the apparatus in accordance
with a second preferred embodiment of the invention showing the front part,
Figure 7 is a front perspective view of the compartments of the apparatus in
accordance with a second preferred embodiment of the invention showing the rear
part,
Figure 8 is a schematic top plan view of the compartments of the apparatus of Figure
6,
Figure 9 is a schematic side elevation view of the compartments of the apparatus of
Figure 6,
Figure 10 is a cross sectional view of the apparatus from E-E plane of Figure 9,
Figure 11 is an end view of the apparatus of Figure 6 showing grmding/mixing units,
Figure 12 (a) is a perspective view of the compartments of the apparatus in
accordance with a third preferred embodiment of the invention showing the rear part,
Figure 12 (b) is a perspective view of a material agricultural distribution means
(200) of Figure 12 (a).
Figure 13 (a) is a schematic top plan view of the compartments of the apparatus of
Figure 12 (a),
Figure 13 (b) is a schematic side view of the apparatus of Figure 12 (a) showing the
mixer units,
Figure 14 (a) is a schematic front view of the apparatus of Figure 12 (a),
Figure 14 (b) is a schematic end view of the apparatus of Figure 12 (a) showing
mixer units and booms,
Figure 15 (a) is a perspective view of the mixer unit of Figure 12 (a),
Figure 15 (b) is a side elevation view of the mixer unit of Figure 15 (a),
Figure 15 (c) is a cross sectional view of the mixer unit of Figure 15 (b),
Figure 16 (a) is a top plan view of the mixer unit of Figure 15 (a) - (c) showing the
top plate,
Figure 16 (b) is a top plan view of the mixer unit of Figure 15 (a) - (c) showing the
first rotating disc,
Figure 16 (c) is a top plan view of the mixer unit of Figure 15 (a) - (c) showing the
second rotating disc,
Figure 16 (d)is a top plan view of the mixer unit of Figure 15 (a) - (c) showing the
bottom plate,
Figure 17 (a) is a top plan view of a spinner,
Figure 17 (b) is a perspective view of the spinner of Figure 17 (a),
Figure 17 (c) is a side elevation view of the spinner of Figure 17 (a),
Figure 18 (a) is a side elevation view of an alternative spinner,
Figure 18 (b) is a perspective view of the spinner of Figure 18 (a),
Figure 18 (c) is a top plan view of the spinner of Figure 18 (a),
Figure 18 (d) is a cross sectional view of the spinner of Figure 18 (a) along A-A axis,
Figure 18 (e) is a perspective view of the spinner housing of Figure 18 (a),
Figure 18 (f) is a top plan view of the spinner housing of Figure 18 (e),
Figure 18 (g) is a cross sectional view of the spinner housing of Figure 18 (f) along
A-A axis,
Figure 19 (a) is a perspective view of the collector used in the mixer unit of Figure
(a),
Figure 19 (b) is a side elevation view of the collector of Figure 19 (a).
Description of Drawings
The following description will describe the invention is relation to a preferred embodiments
of the invention. The invention is in no way limited to these preferred embodiments as they
are purely to exemplify the invention only and that possible variations and modifications
would be readily apparent without departing from the scope of the invention.
EXAMPLE ONE
The following description will describe a first example of the invention in relation to
preferred embodiment of the invention, namely a mobile spreading apparatus (11). The
mobile spreading apparatus (11) seeks to individually house material such as fertilizers,
macro nutrients, micro nutrients and liming agents, and to supply these materials in a desired
formulation to a spreading system. A key feature of the invention is an ability to alter the
formulation to suit localised requirements while the mobile spreading apparatus (11) is
moving over the land.
Modem farming practices often involve the analysis of soils and pastures to determine the
nutrient requirements and/or the requirements for liming agents. It is often evident that the
requirements for these materials are not the same across all the land on a farm, or even across
individual paddocks or fields.
Despite this, present day fertiliser practices generally involve the application of a single
fertiliser formulation right across an entire farm, or at least across an entire paddock. The
present invention is an apparatus that is able to deliver a tailored formulation to the
individual areas of land to suit the localised requirements. That is because the mobile
spreading apparatus (11) has been designed to hold a number of different fertiliser products,
and to alter the mix of the different products to suit the localised requirements.
Figures 1 - 5 show the mobile spreader apparatus (11) according to the first embodiment of
the invention having a number of storage compartments. In this example the apparatus (11)
includes seven different compartments. The compartments keep a number of different
materials separate from one another while they are held in storage by the apparatus (11).
Some of the compartments are in the form of bins suitable for dry materials and some are in
the form of tanks for liquid materials. Fours bins (13), (15), (17) and (19) form the main
structure of the body of the apparatus (11). These bins (13), (15), (17) and (19) are
configured to house dry products such as urea pellets or phosphate. A tank (21) is typically
intended to carry water or a liquid fertiliser. And a forward supplemental compartment (23)
and an aft supplemental compartment (25) are intended to carry concentrated nutrients that
can also be added to the formulation that is spread by the apparatus (11). The concentrated
nutrients can be in a liquid form for example. Optionally, the forward supplemental
compartment (23) and an aft supplemental compartment (25) can carry chemicals for
treatments ofsoil/pasture/crops.
The apparatus (11) also includes a material distribution or spreading means (27) (see Figure
3) by which can be in the form of spinner or a boom. The rate at which material is supplied
from each compartment to the material distribution means (27) is variable. Material flows
separately from each compartment to the material distribution means (27) and the flow rate
of each material is individually controllable.
In this example the apparatus (11) includes conveyor means (29) configured to move
material from bins (13), (15), (17) and (19) to the material distribution means (27). The
speed of each conveyor means (29) is individually controllable since each is driven by a
dedicated drive motor. Each of the conveyor means (29) includes a belt conveyor.
Preferably, the belts that convey the material from bins (17) and (19) runs in a separate
channel that is located below and is parallel to the belts that convey the material from bins
(13) and (15). More preferably, there are two channels on each side of the water tank (21)
and hence, four channels for four bins (13, 15, 17 and 19).
While not shown in the schematic style drawings, the apparatus also includes conduits
configured to allow material to flow from compartments (21), (23) and (25) to the material
distribution means (27). Controllable valves control the flow rate through the supply paths
connecting these compartments to the material distribution means (27).
The apparatus (11) also includes a control system, or a material formulation determining
means, which is configured to control the rate at which material is supplied from each
compartment to the material distribution means (27). The control system controls the rate at
which the conveyor means conveys material, and the rate at which the material flows though
the control valves.
The apparatus (11) includes a positioning system, for example a global positioning system.
This allows the apparatus to determine its position when operating across a field. The
control means is capable of storing data or information relating to an area of land for
example data produced from a survey of the nutrient levels in the soil in an area of land. The
data can also include the desired nutrient and/or lime application rates for specific regions of
the area of land.
The apparatus (11) can also include a sensor adapted to sense at least one parameter of the
soil or vegetation in the vicinity of the apparatus as the apparatus moves over the land, and to
provide information to the control system. For example a sensor such as optical sensor can
detect the colour of the vegetation to determine the localised nitrogen requirements.
The control system is capable of processing pre-loaded data and/or data received while
moving over the land, and of controlling the rate at which material is supplied from each of
the compartments to the material distribution means (27) as the apparatus (11) moves over
the land.
In this example the apparatus (11) also includes crushing or grinding means (31) configured
to grind material from one or more of the compartments before the material is received by
the material distribution means (27). For example the grinding means (31) can be used to
grind urea pellets into finer particulate material.
The apparatus (11) uses a mixing means (33) which configured to mix the material from
more than one compartment before the material is received by the material distribution
means (27). The crushing or grinding means (31) can also be used as mixing means (33).
The apparatus (11) is configured such that it can be mounted on a movable vehicle such as a
trailer or a truck.
As shown in figure 5 the grinding means (31) comprises a machine having crushing discs
(35) inside a cylindrical grinding chamber (37). It is envisaged that the discs (35) can
optionally be formed from four parts allowing the diameter of the discs (35) to be varied to
allow the gap (39) between the disc perimeter and mixing chamber interior wall to be varied
to control particle size. Optionally, the disc can be one piece and the grinding chamber (37)
can have outside walls which screw in or out to achieve the same result.
Figure 3 shows the discharge end which in this example is located at the rear of the
compartments or vehicle. After the material has been mixed (and optionally crushed), the
material is then moved to material distribution means (27). In this example the mixed
material is directed to a common manifold where it can be pumped to booms. While not
shown in the schematic drawings, pumps to move liquid material about the apparatus, for
example to pump the mixture to the boom with applicators or spray nozzles or flood jets.
A method of operating the spreader apparatus (11) is also disclosed which can involve a
number of the following steps the following steps of:
-fill or load bins and tanks with specified materials,
-vehicle is moved over the land,
- the specific material formulation required at each location across the land is
determined based on: preloaded nutrient requirement data, local position and/or local
pasture condition,
- the feed rates of specific materials to the material distribution means (27) is set by
the apparatus controller, and
- material of the desired formulation is spread over the land adjacent to the apparatus
(11).
The method will generally also include the step of mixing water with the required material
formulation, especially if it is to be spread using a boom.
The method can also include grinding some of the material before it reaches the material
distribution means (27).
EXAMPLE TWO
Figures 6-11 show the mobile spreader apparatus (41) according to the second embodiment
of the invention having a number of storage compartments. In this example, the apparatus
(41) includes eight different compartments. The compartments keep a number of different
materials separate firom one another while they are held in storage by the apparatus (41).
Some of the compartments are in the form of bins suitable for dry materials. There is a liquid
storage unit in the form of tank (51) and for storing liquid materials and a front compartment
(50) for storing liquid nutrients or agricultural chemicals for treatment of soil/pasture/crops.
Six bins (43), (45), (47), (49), (53) and (55) and the tank (51) form the main structure of the
body of the apparatus (41). These bins (43), (45), (47), (49), (53) and (55) are configured to
house dry products such as urea pellets or phosphate. A tank (51) is typically intended to
carry water or a liquid fertiliser.
The apparatus (51) also includes a material distribution or spreading means (57) which can
be in the form of spinners or a boom. The rate at which material is supplied from each
compartment to the material distribution means (57) is variable. Ivtaterial flows separately
from each compartment to the material distribution means (57) and the flow rate of each
material is individually controllable.
In this example the apparatus (41) includes at least one convey or means (59) configured to
move material from bins (43), (45), (47) and (49) to the material distribution means (57). At
it will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that the bins (55) and (53) having
funnelled shaped interior do no require conveyor means specifically due to the nature of their
shape and their location. The speed of the or each conveyor means (59) is individually
controllable since each is driven by a dedicated drive motor. Each of the conveyor means
(59) includes a belt or chain conveyor. Preferably, the belts that convey the material from
bins (47) and (49) runs in a separate channel that is located below and is parallel to the belts
that convey the material from bins (43) and (45). More preferably, there are two channels on
each side of the water tank (21) and hence, four channels for four bins (43, 45, 47 and 49).
While not shown in the schematic style drawings, the apparatus also includes conduits
configured to allow material to flow from the tank (51) and/or the front compartment (50) to
the material distribution means (57). Controllable valves control the flow rate through the
supply paths connecting the tank (51) and/or the front compartment (50) to the material
distribution means (57).
The apparatus (41) also includes a control system, or a material formulation determining
means, which is configured to control the rate at which material is supplied from each
compartment to the material distribution means (57). The control system controls the rate at
which the conveyor means conveys material, and the rate at which the material flows though
the control valves.
The apparatus (41) includes a positioning system, for example a global positioning system.
This allows the apparatus to determine its position when operating across a field. The
control means is capable of storing data or information relating to an area of land for
example data produced from a survey of the nutrient levels in the soil in an area of land. The
data can also include the desired nutrient aad/or lime application rates for specific regions of
the area of land,
The apparatus (41) can also include a sensor such as an optical sensor adapted to sense at
least one parameter of the soil or vegetation in the vicinity of the apparatus as the apparatus
moves over the land, and to provide information to the control system. For example a sensor
can detect the colour of the vegetation to determine the localised nitrogen requirements.
The control system is capable of processing pre-loaded data and/or data received while
moving over the land, and of controlling the rate at which material is supplied from each of
the compartments to the material distribution means (57) as the apparatus (41) moves over
the land.
In this example the apparatus (41) also includes mixing means (61) which may also function
as crushing or grinding means configured to grind material from one or more of the
compartments before the material is received by the material distribution means (57) via
distribution conduit (62). For example the mixing means (61) can be used to grind urea
pellets into finer particulate material.
The apparatus (41) uses a mixing means which configured to mix the material from more
than one compartment before the material is received by the material distribution means (57).
The apparatus (41) is configured such that it can be mounted on a movable vehicle such as a
trailer or a truck.
Just like the first embodiment, the mixing/grinding means (61) of this second embodiment
also comprises a machine having crushing discs (35) inside a cylindrical grinding chamber
(37) as shown in Figure 5. It is envisaged that the discs (35) can be formed from four parts
allowing the diameter of the discs (35) to be varied to allow the gap (39) between the disc
perimeter and mixing chamber interior wall to be varied to control particle size.
Figures 10 and 11 show the discharge end which in this example is located at the rear of the
compartments or vehicle. After the material has been mixed (and optionally crushed), the
material is then moved to material distribution means (57). In this example the mixed
material is directed to a common manifold where it can be pumped to material distribution
means or booms. While not shown in the schematic drawings, pumps to move liquid
material about the apparatus, for example to pump the mixture to the boom for spray or
spinner application.
A method of operating the spreader apparatus (41) is also disclosed which can involve a
number of the following steps the following steps of:
-fill or load bins and tanks with specified materials,
-vehicle is moved over the land,
- the specific material formulation required at each location across the land is
determined based on: preloaded nutrient requirement data, local position and/or local
pasture condition,
- the feed rates of specific materials to the material distribution means (57) is set by
the apparatus controller, and
- material of the desired formulation is spread over the land adjacent to the apparatus
(41).
The method will generally also include the step of mixing water with the required material
formulation, especially if it is to be spread using a boom.
The method can also include grinding some of the material before it reaches the material
distribution means (57).
EXAMPLE 3
Figures 12(a), (b) and 13 (a) - (b) and 14 (a) - (b) show the mobile spreader apparatus (141)
according to the third embodiment of the invention having a number of storage
compartments (143, 145, 147, 149, 153 and 155). In this example the apparatus (141)
includes six different particulate material storage compartments and a tank (151). There is
also a front storage compartment (152) for storage of liquid nutrients or agricultural chemical
for treatment or soil/pasture/crops.
The compartments (143, 145, 147, 149, 153 and 155) are separated from each other using
lateral partitions (115) extending laterally within the apparatus (141) and a longitudinal
partition (116) extending longitudinally in the apparatus (141) as shown in the Figure 12 (a).
The lateral partitions (115) and the longitudinal partition (116) keep a number of different
materials separate from one another while they are held in storage by the apparatus (141).
The compartments (143, 145, 147, 149, 153 and 155) are in the form of bins suitable for
housing dry materials. A total of six bins/compartments (143, 145, 147, 149, 153 and 155)
and a tank (151) form the main structure of the body of the apparatus (141). These bins
(143), (145), (147), (149), (153) and (155) are configured to house dry products such as urea
pellets or phosphate. The tank (151) is typically intended to carry water or a liquid fertiliser.
As mentioned above, the front storage compartment (152) is typically intended for storage of
liquid nutrients or agricultural chemical for treatment or soil/pasture/crops.
The apparatus (141) also includes several material distribution or spreading means (157)
which can be in the form of spinners and/or booms.
There are four mixer units (161) that are mainly intended to mix the dry fertilizer with liquid
or water to turn the fertilizer into liquid or paste or just a wet fertilizer.
In this example the apparatus (141) includes conveyor means (159) configured to move
material from compartments (143), (145), (147) and (149) to the mixer units (161). As it will
be appreciated by a person skilled in the art, the compartments (155) and (153) having a
funnelled shaped interior do not require conveyor means specifically due to the nature of
their shape and their location directly above their respective mixer unit (161). The materials
of those bins (155) and (153) are fed to the mixer units (161) directly due to gravity.
While not shown in the drawings, the apparatus can also include conduits configured to
allow liquid material to flow from the tank (151) and/or the front storage compartment (152)
to the mixer units (161). Contro liable valves (not shown) control the flow rate through the
supply paths connecting the tank (151) and/or the front storage compartment (152) to the
mixer units (161).
The apparatus (141) can also include a control system, or a material formulation determining
means, which is configured to control the rate at which material is supplied from each
compartment to the material distribution means (157). The control system controls the rate
at which the conveyor means conveys material, and the rate at which the material flows
though the control valves.
The apparatus (141) can also include a positioning system (not shown), for example a global
positioning system. This allows the apparatus (141) to detennine its position when operating
across a field. The control means is capable of storing data or information relating to an area
of land for example data produced from a survey of the nutrient levels in the soil in an area
of land. The data can also include the desired nutrient and/or lime application rates for
specific regions of the area of land.
The apparatus (141) can also include a sensor, such as an optical sensor adapted to sense at
least one parameter of the soil or vegetation in the vicinity of the apparatus as the apparatus
moves over the land, and to provide information to the control system. For example a sensor
can detect the colour of the vegetation to determine the localised nitrogen requirements.
The control system is capable of processing pre-loaded data and/or data received while
moving over the land, and of controlling the rate at which material is supplied from each of
the compartments (143, 145, 147, 149, 153 and 155) to the material distribution means (157)
as the apparatus (141) moves over the land.
In this example, each of the mixer units (161) is primarily configured to mix material from
one or more of the compartments (143, 145, 147, 149, 153 and 155), either separately or
together, with water or liquid before the material is received by the material distribution
means (200) via distribution conduit (162). In the example shown, there are four mixer units
(161). Preferably, two of the mixer units can be used for materials from the four smaller
compartments (147, 149, 155 and 153) and the other two can be used for materials from the
larger compartments (143 and 145). The resultant mix from the mixer units (161) will be in
the form of liquid or fluid or paste or a just wet fertilizer.
If desired, the mixer units (161) can also include crushing and grinding means (136) to crush
and/or grind material from one or more of the compartments (143, 145, 147, 149, 153 and
155) before the material is received by the material distribution means (157) via distribution
conduits (162). For example the mixer units (161) can be used to crush or grind urea pellets
into finer particulate material.
The apparatus (141) is configured such that it can be mounted on a movable vehicle such as
a trailer or a truck.
A preferred embodiment of the mixer units (161) will now be described in detail.
The mixer units (161) of this third embodiment comprises a machine having rotating discs
(140, 150) housed inside a casing (137) having a top plate (130) and a bottom plate (160) as
shown in Figure 14 (a) - (g).
As shown in Figure 16 (a), the top plate (130) comprises an entry port (133) and a fluid
injection port (132). The entry port (133) is in the form of an aperture in the top plate (130).
The first rotating disc (140) (see Figure 16b) is located directly below the top plate (130).
The rotating disc (140) comprises at least one elongated rib (174) that is/are mounted on the
upper surface of the first rotating disc (140). The first rotating disc (140) is surrounded
circumferentially by at least one blade (172). Each blade (172) is radially spaced around the
circumference and extends at least a portion of the radius of the first rotating disc (140). The
edges of each of the blade (172) can be sharp or non-sharp and between each of the two
adjacent edges of the blades (172) is a slot (173). Each of the blades (172) is not necessarily
in the same plane and preferably is variably located in different planes. In other words, the
blades (172) are preferably twisted so that they are at different angles from each other. The
first rotating disc (140) is rotatably mounted to the shaft (131).
The second rotating disc (150) (see Figure 16c) is located directly below the first rotating
disc (140). The second rotating disc (150) is of similar structure as the first rotating disc
(140) and comprises at least one elongated rib (174') that is/are mounted on the upper
surface of the second rotating disc (150). The second rotating disc (150) is surrounded
circumferentially by at least one blade (172'). Each blade (172') is radially spaced around
the circumference and extends at least a portion of the radius of the second rotating disc
(150). The edges of each of the blades (172') can be sharp or non-sharp and between each of
the two adjacent edges of the blades (172') is a slot (173'). The blades (172') are not
necessarily located in the same plane and are preferably located in different planes. In other
words, the blades (172') are preferably twisted so that they are at different angles from each
other. In the preferred embodiment, the diameter of the second rotating disc (150) is larger
than the diameter of the first rotating disc (140). The second rotating disc (150) is also
rotatably mounted to the shaft (131) just like the first rotating disc (140).
The first rotating disc (140) and the second rotating disc (150) together form the crushing or
grinding means (136). The second rotating disc (150) is larger than first rotating disc (140)
(thereby forming beehive shaped structure), to increase the speed of particles and increase
the crushing efficiency. However, as the first rotating disc (140) is responsible for most of
the crushing it is equally possible to have an inverted the beehive shape wherein the first
rotating disc (140) is larger and operating at a higher tip speed than the second rotating disc
(150) and smaller particles falling to a second disc (150). In such inverted beehive shaped
structure, since the second rotating disc (150) needs to cope with smaller particles, the
second rotating disc (150) will have lower tip speed than the first rotating disc (140).
The bottom plate (160) (see Figure 16d) is located directly below the second rotating disc
(150). Preferably, the diameter of the bottom plate (160) is same or larger than the diameter
of the second rotating disc (150). The bottom plate (160) comprises a scraper (184) at or near
the centre of the upper surface of the bottom plate (160) and extending radially closer to the
edge of the bottom plate (160). The scraper (184) can revolve over the upper surface of the
bottom plate (160) analogous to the hands of a clock but in either (clockwise or anti-
clockwise) direction or both (clockwise and anti-clockwise) directions.
There is a shaft (131) (see Figure 15c) passes through the top plate (130), first rotating disc
(140), second rotating disc (150), scraper (184) and bottom plate (160) respectively from the
top to the bottom. The top plate (130) and the bottom plate (170) are fixedly mounted to the
shaft (141) and the first rotating disc (140), second rotating disc (140), scraper (184) are
rotatably mounted to the shaft (131). As such, first rotating disc (140), second rotating disc
(150) and scraper (184) are can spin about the longitudinal axis of the shaft (131) using
motor (not shown).
The components (130, 140, 150, 184, and 160) of the mixer units (161) are enclosed by a
single piece or a multiple piece casing (137) having the shape as shown in Figures 15 (a) -
(c). The lattice wear plate or plates sitting between discs (140, 150) and the casing (137) is/
are removable from the casing and is/are therefore designed to be individually replaceable.
There is a collector (190) that is fluidly and/or operatively connected to the exit port located
at the bottom of the casing or below the bottom plate (180). Figures 19 (a) and (b) show the
collector (190) in detail.
During operation, fertilizers from the compartments are either conveyed or gravity fed to the
respective mixer units (161). For each mixer unit (161), the fertilizer enters via the entry port
(133) on the top plate (130). The water or liquid can be introduced to each mixer unit (161)
from the tank (151) and/or front storage compartment (152) or an external source via the
fluid injection port (132), Inside each mixer unit (161), the fertilizer and liquid first hit the
upper surface of the first rotating disc (140). The blades (172) and elongated ribs (174) cuts,
grinds, blends or cmshes the fertilizer and mixes the fertilizers with water, thereby forming
the fertilizer paste. Alternatively, the blades (172) and elongated ribs (173) only mix the
fertilizer with water, thereby forming the either a wet fertilizer or a liquid fertilizer or a
fertilizer paste. As the blades (172) are twisted, they even create "an airfoil effect" by
blowing the air down. A further cutting, grinding, blending, crushing and/or mixing occurs in
the second rotating disc (150) having similar structure as the first rotating disc. Due to the
force of the gravity and air, the wet or liquid or paste fertilizer is moved on the upper surface
of the bottom plate. The wet or liquid or paste fertilizer is then scraped by the spinning
scraper (184) and collected onto the collector (190).
Preferably, the mixer units (161) can be equipped with existing third party crop sensing or
variable rate spreading equipment (not shown) to operate with control valves and variable
rate pumps.
It is also possible that such optional third party crop sensing or variable rate spreading
equipment to operate with control valves and variable are located in another part of the
apparatus (141).
As labelled in Figure 12 (a) and (b), the material distribution means (200) comprises a boom
for supporting four spinners (157, 257). The material distribution means (200) has four
individual supply lines or distribution conduits (162) fluidly and/or operatively connected to
the collectors (190) of the four mixer units (161) and the four spinners (157, 257). Such
configuration allows each spinner (157, 257) to be controlled separately, i.e. to provide a
specific mixture of nutrients from each mixer unit (161) to spinners (157, 257). The supply
lines/ distribution conduits (162) may comprise control mechanism such as valves for
controlling the flow rate of materials to the spinners (157, 257) in the material distribution
means.
The spinner could be any spinner, previously known in the art such as but not limited to
flood jets, sprayers etc.
Preferably, the distribution angle of the spinner can be adjusted manually and/or electrically
using actuators or similar and hence, the distribution angle can be varied.
Figures 17 (a) - (c) show one preferred embodiment of a spinner that can be used in the
apparatus (141) of Figure 12 (a).
The spinner (157) includes a spinner body (193). In this exemplary embodiment there are
four spouts (194) that are connected to the spinner body (193). The spinner body (193) is
rotatably mounted to the spinner shaft (196). In the embodiment shown, it can be seen that
each spout (194) first exit horizontally from the side of the spinner body (193) before being
angled downwardly at 45 degrees to direct flow. This configuration allows the fertilizer
materials to enter the spouts (194) in a radial direction and thereby reduces the chance of
clogging. It is to be understood that not all spouts need to be angled at 45 degrees to the
horizontal and may be angled less or more than 45 degrees. Also, the dimensions of angle of
one spouts (194) can be different to than to the other spouts.
Figures 18 (a)-(g) show another preferred embodiment of a spinner that can be used in the
apparatus (141) of Figure 12(a).
Similar to the spinner (157) of Figures 17 (a) - (c), the spinner (257) also includes a spinner
body (293). In this example, there are four spouts (294) that are connected to the spinner
body (293). The spinner body (293) is rotatably mounted to the support frame (296).
As it can be seen in Figures 18 (a) and (d), the side of the spinner body contains four spaced
apart horizontal tubes (291). The spouts (294) are connected to the horizontal tubes (291)
using elbows (292) that are angled at 45 degrees. This allows materials flow to first exit
horizontally from the side of the spinner body (293) before being angled downwardly at 45
degrees. It is to be understood that not all spout (294) need to be angled at 45 degrees to the
horizontal and may be angled less or more than 45 degrees. To change the angle of
distribution, one may use a differently angled elbow. Also, one spout of the spinner (257)
can be oriented at a different angle than the other spout depending upon the required spread
pattern. Also, one may manually rotate the elbow (292) to control the spread pattern.
Each spout can comprise a nozzle (295) at the end to direct flow. The nozzles (295) are
advantageous for higher water rate applications or applications of products that are highly
soluble, therefore forming more of a solution than slurry. In the embodiment shown the
nozzle (295) has a rectangular outlet although other shapes or configuration can be chosen
depending upon application rate, application material and/or desired spray pattern. The
nozzles (295) are removable as they may not be required in all applications as with viscous
fluids, or fluids with greater proportion of larger particles it will cause blockages.
Spinner housing (293), spouts (294) and nozzles (295) are preferably made out of plastic.
The plastic spouts can have break points to reduce damage in case of accidental impacts.
Since, spouts tend to break more easily in high impact; incorporating break point in spouts
(294) can reduce damage to spinner housing (293) or drive motor. As such, break points can
reduce repair costs. The drive motor that allows rotation of the spinner can be electric to
reduce weight, however, hydraulic motors are equally possible.
The spinner housing (293) is designed to include a top lip to reduce splash out from the
spinner housing (293).
Due to greater circumfereace of the spinner housing (293), the materials need to be guided to
each inlet of the horizontal tubes using guiding means (297). The spinner (257) in this
example, includes internal guide varies (297) to assist the flow of fertiliser materials/
fertilizer slurry to the spouts (294).
Optionally, the entry angle of the spouts (294) as the material enter the spinner housing (293)
could be made to suit/match the angle of exit created by the guide vanes (297) in the spinner
housing to reduce potentially blockages.
In the embodiment shown, the spinner (257) contains four feed pipes (298) as input tubes for
use in the apparatus of Figure 12 (a), and particularly for use in the four individual supply
lines or distribution conduits (162) that are fluidly and/or operatively connected to the
collectors (190) of the four mixer units (161). Hence, each of the four conduits (162) can be
connected to one feed pipe (298), during use. Such configuration allows each spinner (257)
to be controlled separately, i.e. to provide a specific mixture of nutrients from each mixer
unit (161) to spinner (257). Electronically controlled valves (not shown) can be used to
control the flow through each feed pipes (298). Optionally, Agchem or liquid products can
be introduced to each spinner (257) at uniform or varying rates independently to fluid
fertilizer/ fertilizer materials.
The operating RPM of the spinner (257) will be less than 500 RPM and preferably in the
range of 100-300 RPM depending on application rate and product type. Unlike previously
known spinners, the spinner (257) is not designed to maximise distance thrown, but to evenly
distribute variable particle sizes and rates of product.
Spinner bearings (299) are not in direct contact with fluid and low RPM means that plastic or
polymer bearings can be used.
Other materials such as stainless steel are also a viable option for nozzles, spinner housing
(293) and spouts.
A method of operating the spreader apparatus (141) is also disclosed which can involve a
number of the following steps the following steps of:
-fill or load bins and tanks with specified materials,
-vehicle is moved over the land,
- the specific material formulation required at each location across the land is
determined based on: preloaded nutrient requirement data, local position and/or local
pasture condition,
- the feed rates of specific materials to the material distribution means (200) is set by
the apparatus controller,
- the fertilizer is mixed with water or liquid inside the mixer unit and
- the fertilizer mixed with water or liquid is then spread over the land adjacent to the
apparatus (141).
Variations
Aspects of the present invention have been described by way of example only and it should
be appreciated that modifications and additions may be made thereto without departing from
the scope thereof.
In the examples shown above the spreading apparatus (11, 41 or 141) is configured for use
on a trailer or truck. However, optionally the spreading apparatus (11, 41 or 141) can be
configured for use in with an aircraft, for example a fixed wing aircraft or a helicopter. And
as a further option the spreading apparatus (11, 41 or 141) could be configured for use with
an irrigation system, for example for use with a travelling imgator with centre pivot.
Several bins or tanks are shown but equally there can be a main bin with the other bins being
formed as separate inner bins or they can be formed as compartments as required. The
shapes and dimensions of the bins can be varied. The location of the discharge of materials
can be located anywhere convenient on the housing or vehicle, such as adjacent the front, or
below the compartments.
In the examples shown above the spreading apparatus (11, 41 or 141) uses at least one disc
grinder, or cmshing or grinding means (61) or mixer unit (61), however it is envisaged that
alternative crushing or grinding or mixing apparatus could be used including hammer mills,
pin mills, ball mills or high pressure water crushing.
In the third example, the mixer units (161) include grinding or crushing means (136). In the
alternative embodiment, the crushing or grinding means (136) could be replaced with any
agitation means such as agitator bars, for simply mixing the fertilizer with a liquid.
In the third example, the apparatus (141) uses four mixer unit (161), four spinners or booms
(157) and four supply lines (162). However, any number ofmixer units, spinners/ booms or
supply units. For example: There could be only one mixer unit (161) and only can be used
that a skilled person may envisage one spinner or boom (157) fluidly and/or operatively
connected by only one supply line (162). The shape and size of each components of the
mixer unit (151) may be modified according to the requirement. Similarly, the shape and size
of the spinners (157, 257) may also be varied according the requirement.
Each mixer unit (161) can receive a material from only one compartment, mix that material
with liquid and then transfer the wet or liquid material to the material distribution means
(157). It is also equally possible for each mixer unit (161) to receive a material from multiple
compartments, mix those materials together and with liquid prior to transferring the liquid
mixture/wet mixture to the material distribution means (157).
The lateral partitions (115) and longitudinal partitions (116) are not necessarily fixed. In
other words, it is possible that the lateral partitions (115) and longitudinal partitions (116) are
movable. Preferably, the lateral partitions (115) are movable in the longitudinal direction of
the apparatus (141) and the longitudinal partition is (116) movable in the lateral direction of
the apparatus (141) thereby, allowing the size and the housing capacity of each compartment
(143,145,147,149,153 and 155) to be varied according to the requirement(s).
The rate at which material is supplied from each compartment to the material distribution
means (200) via the mixer units (161) can be variable. Material can flow separately from
each compartment (143, 145, 147, 149, 153 and 155) to the material distribution means (200)
and the flow rate of each material can be individually controlled.
The speed of each conveyor means can be individually controlled since each conveyor
means is driven by a dedicated drive motor (not shown). Each of the convey or means may
include a belt convey or. Preferably, the belts that convey the material from bins (147) and
(149) runs in a separate channel that is located below and is parallel to the belts that convey
the material from bins (143) and (145). More preferably, there are two channels on each side
of the water tank (151) and hence, four channels for four bins (143, 145, 147 and 149).
The conveyor means may be a belt or chain conveyor. The conveyor means in at least one
channel may not move to control the material formulation over the land and move only to
convey the materials for supply to grinding means (61) or mixer units (161) which may then
supply the mixture to the valves above the spinners or booms which control the application
rate. This principle may apply to any embodiment or embodiments discussed above,
The embodiments of Examples 1 and 2, may optionally contain one or more buffer tank that
is/are configured to hold mixture from the grinding means (61). This buffer tank or tanks can
be similar to the collectors (190) as described in the embodiment of Example 3.
The conveyor means in at least one channel may not move to control the material
formulation over the land and move only to convey the materials for supply to grinding
means (61) or mixer units (161) which may then supply the mixture to the buffer tank(s) or
collectors (190) and the application rate of the mixture may be controlled by the valves
above the spinners or booms.
Preferably, each spinner (157, 257) can cover the width of 5 meters and therefore four
spinners can cover the width of 20 meters making the apparatus suitable for dairy farms.
However, larger versions booms covering the width of 30 meters or more are equally
possible to be fitted to the apparatus (141) for large cropping farms.
The mixer units (161) and/or material distribution means (200) as described in Example 3
may be operatively used in the apparatus as described in Examples 1 and/or 2 above.
Similarly, the spinners (157) and/or distribution means as described in Example 3 can be
operatively used in the apparatus described in Examples 1 and/or 2 above.
Throughout the description of this specification, the word "comprise" and variations of that
word such as "comprising" and "comprises", are not intended to exclude other additives,
components, integers or steps.
It will also be understood that where a product, method or process as herein described or
claimed and that is sold incomplete, as individual components, or as a "kit of Parts", that
such exploitation will fall within the ambit of the invention.
These and other features and characteristics of the present invention, as well as the method of
operation and functions of the related elements of structures and the combination of parts and
economics of manufacture, will become more apparent upon consideration of the following
description with reference to the accompanying drawings, all of which form part of this
specification, wherein like reference numerals designate corresponding parts in the various
figures.
For purposes of the description hereinafter, the terms "upper", "lower", "right", "left",
"vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "lateral", "longitudinal" and derivatives thereof
shall relate to the invention as it is oriented in the drawing figures. However it is to be
understood that the invention may assume various alternative variations, except where
expressly specified to the contrary. It is also to be understood that the specific devices
illustrated in the attached drawings, and described in the following specification are simply
exemplary embodiments of the invention. Hence specific dimensions and other physical
characteristics related to the embodiments disclosed herein are not to be considered as
limiting.
It will of course be realised that while the foregoing has been given by way of illustrative
example of this invention, all such and other modifications and variations thereto as would
be apparent to persons skilled in the art are deemed to fall within the broad scope and ambit
of this invention as is hereinbefore described.
ADVANTAGES
Thus it can be seen that at least the preferred form of the invention provides an agricultural
spreading apparatus, material distribution spinners and a mobile agricultural material
distribution means which can apply fertilisers and/or liming agents in an optimum
formulation to suit local soil requirements. The apparatus can be used to minimise the
amount of each nutrient type used when applying fertiliser, reducing the overall fertilising
cost. At the same time the impact of fertilisers on the environment can be minimised by the
occurrences where excessive quantities of some fertilisers are applied.
The apparatus can source different nutrients from separate bins and process (crush & mix or
just mix) and then apply as a fluid (which may contain additives such as Gibberellic acid, Ag
chem., inhibitors or fertiliser enhancers) across the ground.
The apparatus can source different nutrients from separate bins and process (crush & mix or
just mix) and then apply at different rates across the swath as a fluid (which may contain
additives such as Gibb acid, agricultural chemical or fertiliser enhancers) across the ground.
The apparatus is multipurpose - can spread traditional granular fertiliser and lime via quick
retro-fit of conventional spinners.
The apparatus can mix the fertilizers with water/liquid to create a suspension that can be
applied via booms.
The apparatus can grind large particles to form a range of particle sizes.
Increase urea efficacy means users can reduce urea use and maintain similar production.
The apparatus will allow cheaper commodity less granulated or processed products to be
used.
Spreading of nutrients, especially expensive micronutrients more evenly over the swath will
allow better root interception.
Similarly the efficacy of macro nutrients such as phosphate can be improved in certain soil
types by applying in fluid form which reduces soil fixation.
The object of the most spinner design is to throw product further. As mentioned above, a
typical spray nozzle cannot cope with the varying intra swath spreading rates without
constantly changing nozzles and will block given the varying particle sizes. A standard
spinner cannot throw varying size particles evenly. However, the preferred form of spinner
more accurately controls the fluid particle distribution at smaller distances which will
facilitate intra-swath production type and rate variation. The spinner of the current invention
is designed to achieve the novelty of sourcing from different bins, cmshing/fluidising and
applying at different rates across a swath.
Claims (18)
1. An agricultural material distribution vehicle having; • a plurality of material storage compartments, • a plurality of material transfer conduits, and 5 « aplurality of material distribution heads; and the agricultural material distribution vehicle is configured such that; • material from each of the material storage compartments is supplied to one or more of the material transfer conduits, • and each of the material transfer conduits is connected with each of the 10 material distribution heads, and the flow of material from each of the material transfer conduits to each of the material distribution heads is individually controllable using a flow control valve.
2. The agricultural material distribution vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein each flow control valve is an electronically controllable flow control valve. 15
3. The agricultural material distribution vehicle as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the vehicle also includes one or more mixing units, and each mixing unit is configured to receive material from two or more of the material storage compartments and to mix the materials together prior to transferring the mixed material to at least one of the material transfer conduits. 20
4. The agricultural material distribution vehicle as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the vehicle also includes one or more grinding units, and each grinding unit is configured to receive material from one or more of the material storage compartments and to grind the material together prior to transferring the ground material to at least one of the material transfer conduits. 25 5. The agricultural material distribution vehicle as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the vehicle also includes one or more mixing and grinding units, and each mixing and grinding unit is configured to receive material from two of more of the material storage compartments and to grind and mix the materials together prior to transferring the ground and mixed material to at least one of the material transfer conduits.
5
6. The agricultural material distribution vehicle as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein at least one of the material storage compartments is configured to hold material in a liquid form.
7. The agricultural material distribution vehicle as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a pump is provided in each of the material transfer conduits. 10
8. The agricultural material distribution vehicle as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein each of the material transfer conduits includes a loop which allows continuous flow through at least the loop section of each material transfer conduit while the agricultural material distribution vehicle is operating.
9. The agricultural material distribution vehicle as claimed in claim 8, wherein the 15 material distribution heads are each connected to the material transfer conduits in the looped section of each material transfer conduit.
10. The agricultural material distribution vehicle as claimed in any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the liquid is water.
11. The agricultural material distribution vehicle as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, 20 wherein the material distribution heads each include one or more spray nozzles.
12. The agricultural material distribution vehicle as claimed in claim 11, wherein each spray nozzle is a deflector style spray nozzle.
13. The agricultural material distribution vehicle as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the material distribution heads each include a rotatable material distributor. 25
14. The agricultural material distribution vehicle as claimed in claim 13, wherein each rotatable material distributor includes a plurality of nozzles, and the nozzles are configured to direct material in a number of different trajectories.
15. The agricultural material distribution vehicle as claimed in claim 13 or claim 14, wherein each of the material distribution heads includes a drive motor configured to rotate its rotatable material distributor.
16. The agricultural material distribution vehicle as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 15, 5 wherein the vehicle also includes a scanning system configured to scan the soil or plant life within the swath width of the vehicle when it is travelling over agricultural land.
17. The agricultural material distribution vehicle as claimed in claim 16, wherein the scanning system is configured to detect the colour of the soil or the plant life. 10
18. The agricultural material distribution vehicle as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the vehicle also includes a controller configured to receive data from an external source, or data collected by the vehicle, and to process the data and to provide control to the individually controllable flow control valves to control the flow rate and/or mixture of materials applied to specific areas within the area covered by 15 the swath width of the vehicle as it travels over agricultural land. PIPERS Attorneys for NHANCE TECHNOLOGIES (NZ) LIMITED
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NZ61074512A NZ610745A (en) | 2012-03-16 | 2012-03-16 | Agricultural spreading apparatus and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NZ61074512A NZ610745A (en) | 2012-03-16 | 2012-03-16 | Agricultural spreading apparatus and method |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NZ610745A true NZ610745A (en) | 2014-08-29 |
Family
ID=51582135
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NZ61074512A NZ610745A (en) | 2012-03-16 | 2012-03-16 | Agricultural spreading apparatus and method |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
NZ (1) | NZ610745A (en) |
-
2012
- 2012-03-16 NZ NZ61074512A patent/NZ610745A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
AU2013232847A1 (en) | Agricultural spreading apparatus and method | |
AU2008100708B4 (en) | Apparatus and Method for Spreading Particulate Material | |
US7717353B2 (en) | Method and devices for dispensing fluids | |
RU178506U1 (en) | CULTIVATOR INJECTOR ROTARY | |
KR101004611B1 (en) | Duble hopper spreader of tractor loading | |
CN209897621U (en) | Fertilizer distributor capable of uniformly fertilizing for farmland planting | |
NO335206B1 (en) | DEVICE FOR CONTINUOUS INJECTION OF DRY PARTICULAR MATERIAL FOR FERTILIZER APPLICATIONS | |
CN109005854B (en) | Integrated drip irrigation system | |
NZ610745B2 (en) | Agricultural Spreading Apparatus and Method | |
NZ610745A (en) | Agricultural spreading apparatus and method | |
CN210275112U (en) | Water and fertilizer integrated system for pepper planting | |
AU2013356787B2 (en) | Wetting apparatus and method of use | |
CN211267673U (en) | Mechanical device for agricultural planting and fertilizing | |
RU2527293C1 (en) | Tool for meliorative tillage | |
CN206229290U (en) | Granular fertilizer matches somebody with somebody fertile system | |
US3395896A (en) | Apparatus for treating soil | |
Kshnikatkin et al. | Methods for pre-sowing treatment of legume grass seeds to improve their sowing properties | |
Khudher et al. | Modulating a centrifuge spreader disc and evaluating performance under some different operating factors | |
CN220068267U (en) | Fertilizing device for agricultural planting | |
CN212876703U (en) | Liquid manure application device of fertile volume is made in accurate control | |
EP4357322A1 (en) | Organic fertilizer preparation system | |
CN220830763U (en) | Multifunctional landscaping watering and fertilizing device | |
CN213426979U (en) | Farming fertilizer injection unit | |
El-Sheikha et al. | Development and testing of tractor-mounted fertiliszrs spreader | |
PL237759B1 (en) | Method for soil application of liquid and semi-liquid organic fertilizers and the device for soil application of liquid and semi-liquid organic fertilizers |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PSEA | Patent sealed | ||
RENW | Renewal (renewal fees accepted) |
Free format text: PATENT RENEWED FOR 1 YEAR UNTIL 17 MAY 2018 BY PIPERS Effective date: 20170329 |
|
LAPS | Patent lapsed |