NZ603164B - Remote initiator receiver - Google Patents
Remote initiator receiver Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NZ603164B NZ603164B NZ603164A NZ60316412A NZ603164B NZ 603164 B NZ603164 B NZ 603164B NZ 603164 A NZ603164 A NZ 603164A NZ 60316412 A NZ60316412 A NZ 60316412A NZ 603164 B NZ603164 B NZ 603164B
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- NZ
- New Zealand
- Prior art keywords
- receiver
- shock tube
- transmitter
- remote initiator
- allow
- Prior art date
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Abstract
Patent 603164 Disclosed is an expendable remote initiator receiver for initiating at least one shock tube connectable to an explosive charge. The receiver includes a shock tube interface adapted to interface directly with the shock tube connected to an explosive charge and a spark initiator for initiating a spark at the shock tube interface in order to initiate the shock tube. A multifunctional shock tube interface adaptor is mounted and connected to the shock tube interface and connects the ground of a printed circuit assembly (PCA) to the shock tube needle to allow a spark to occur upon initiation by the spark initiator, and holds the PCA securely. A receiver means for receives a coded signal from a transmitter and an input means for inputs operational commands into the receiver for generating an output signal for the initiation of the shock tube upon receipt of a valid transmitted coded signal. Dual processing means that are independent of each other provide independent control of a firing circuit and are adapted to synchronise with each processing means before initiation can occur so as to enhance safety and reliability of the receiver and the initiation thereof. The receiver also includes configuring means adapted to allow the receiver to be field bondable such that the receiver can be configured to any transmitter. Zeroising means adapted by configured software allow the configuration of the receiver to be blanked so that the receiver cannot be initiated by any transmitter until such time as the receiver is field-bonded by the configuration means. A multifunctional battery cap adapted to withstand ±25KV electrical static discharge (ESD) events allows for the receiver to able to stand upright. An included antenna is capable of withstanding ±25KV ESD events and LCD display icons display battery levels, RF signal, group number and timer initiated firing (TIF). A keypad to allow inputting of commands into the receiver, and a power supply to provide power to the receiver is also included. r initiating a spark at the shock tube interface in order to initiate the shock tube. A multifunctional shock tube interface adaptor is mounted and connected to the shock tube interface and connects the ground of a printed circuit assembly (PCA) to the shock tube needle to allow a spark to occur upon initiation by the spark initiator, and holds the PCA securely. A receiver means for receives a coded signal from a transmitter and an input means for inputs operational commands into the receiver for generating an output signal for the initiation of the shock tube upon receipt of a valid transmitted coded signal. Dual processing means that are independent of each other provide independent control of a firing circuit and are adapted to synchronise with each processing means before initiation can occur so as to enhance safety and reliability of the receiver and the initiation thereof. The receiver also includes configuring means adapted to allow the receiver to be field bondable such that the receiver can be configured to any transmitter. Zeroising means adapted by configured software allow the configuration of the receiver to be blanked so that the receiver cannot be initiated by any transmitter until such time as the receiver is field-bonded by the configuration means. A multifunctional battery cap adapted to withstand ±25KV electrical static discharge (ESD) events allows for the receiver to able to stand upright. An included antenna is capable of withstanding ±25KV ESD events and LCD display icons display battery levels, RF signal, group number and timer initiated firing (TIF). A keypad to allow inputting of commands into the receiver, and a power supply to provide power to the receiver is also included.
Description
RECEIVED at IPONZ 23 November 2012
Patents Form # 5
NEW ZEALAND
Patents Act 1953
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
TITLE: Remote Initiator Receiver
We, MAS ZENGRANGE (NZ) LIMITED
Address: 30-32 Downer Street, Lower Hutt, New Zealand, 5010
Nationality: New Zealand
do hereby declare the invention for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us and the
method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement:
402377NZ_PF#05_20121023_1338_TGR.doc FEE CODE – 1050
RECEIVED at IPONZ 23 November 2012
Remote Initiator Receiver
The invention relates to a remote initiator receiver, typically a remote initiator receiver for
initiating shock tubes.
Background of Invention
The safety aspect and reliability of detonating of explosives is paramount as the
consequences associated unsafe and unreliable detonation can be castrophic. As such there
are requirements for the military, other related defence agencies and other users of
explosives to safely detonate explosives. Safely in this context means: safely separated in
distance, safely separated in time and security of initiation. Explosives can be initiated by
electrical circuit cable or other non-electrical ‘cable’, however in cases of electrical
initiation, long cable lengths allow greater susceptibly to initiation of the charge via electro-
magnetic induction onto the cable (radio signals or lightning strikes).
Security of initiation requires that the explosive must not be initiated falsely, either because
of erroneously decoded signals or deliberately spoofed signals. Also to ensure the extremely
high level security required, the equipment must be protected against the possibility of the
failure of microprocessors and the program code. The firing circuits must also be designed
and analysed to a very high standard to ensure that component failure will not result in the
firing voltage being incorrectly applied to the explosive circuit.
The remote initiation equipment needs to be as small in volume and as light weight as
possible. The radio transmission system needs to operate over a good distance. The
equipment needs to be very robust, being carried in extreme environments and conditions
that include temperatures from -21°C to +58°C, water depth of 1 metre and in aircraft flying
to 30,000ft.
Current remote initiator (RI) equipment are generally bulky and heavy with weights around
1.5 kg and volumes around 1500 cubic cm. This weight and volume is driven by the need to
increase power endurance which leads to existing cumbersome battery solutions. Further the
frequency bands may not be well chosen to achieve the required distances. This can also
lead to increased power demand through the selected transmitter power level.
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RI’s having a single microprocessor can be suspect, as either a simple failure of the
electronic machine or an untested software path could result in the triggering of the firing
circuit. The safest assumption to make about a microprocessor and its program is that it
could arbitrarily decide to initiate a firing event. To guard against such an event, a secondary
processor with its own independent control of the firing circuit can be incorporated.
None of the existing remote initiators provide simplicity of use. A considerable amount of
training and experience is required in any but the most simple of deployments.
Object of the Invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a remote initiator receiver, typically a remote
initiator receiver for initiating shock tubes that ameliorates some of the disadvantages and
limitations of the known art or at least provide the public with a useful choice.
Summary of Invention
In a first aspect the invention resides an expendable remote initiator receiver for initiating at
least one shock tube connectable to an explosive charge, wherein the receiver includes:
(i) a shock tube interface adapted to interface directly with the shock tube connected
to an explosive charge,
(ii) a spark initiator for initiating a spark at the shock tube interface in order to initiate
the shock tube,
(iii) multifunctional shock tube interface adaptor mounted and connected to the shock
tube interface, the multifunctional shock tube interface adaptor connects the
ground of a printed circuit assembly (PCA) to the shock tube needle to allow a
spark to occur upon initiation by the spark initiator and holds the PCA securely,
(iv) receiver means for receiving a coded signal from a transmitter,
(v) input means for inputting operational commands into the receiver for generating
an output signal for the initiation of the shock tube upon receipt of a valid
transmitted coded signal,
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(vi) dual processing means that are independent of each other to provide independent
control of a firing circuit and the processing means are adapted to synchronise
with each processing means before initiation can occur so as to enhance safety
and reliability of the receiver and the initiation thereof,
(vii) configuring means adapted to allow the receiver to be field bondable such that the
receiver can be configured to any transmitter,
(viii) zeroising means adapted by configured software to allow the configuration of the
receiver to be blanked so that the receiver cannot be initiated by any transmitter
until such time as the receiver is field-bonded by the configuration means,
(ix) a multifunctional battery cap adapted to withstand ±25KV electrical static
discharge (ESD) events and allows for the receiver to stand upright,
(x) antenna capable of withstanding ±25KV ESD events,
(xi) LCD display icons to display battery levels, RF signal, group number and timer
initiated firing (TIF),
(xii) a keypad to allow inputting of commands into the receiver, and
(xiii) a power supply to provide power to the receiver.
Preferably, the configuring means includes a programmed microprocessor to allow the
receiver to be configured by any transmitter that has the ability to configure the receiver so
that the receiver is field bondable to the configurable transmitter such that the receiver can
only be used with the configurable transmitter until otherwise configured by another
transmitter.
Preferably, the zeroising means allows the receiver to be zeroised without a transmitter by
using the LCD display and/or keypad to select the zeroising option from the appropriate
menu in order to enable zeroising of the receiver by the software configuration.
Preferably, the receiver is manufactured and supplied a zeroised state without user or group
codes stored in the receiver.
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Preferably, the zeroising means includes a programmed microprocessor to allow the receiver
to be un-configured or reset back to an initial manufactured state.
Preferably, the zeroising means receives and processes a signal from a uniquely configured
transmitter such that the receiver is set to a pre-determined user and group code to allow the
receiver to be un-configured or reset back to an initial manufactured state.
Preferably, the receiver upon receiving a zeroising transmission will display a return to
factory state that covers and not limited to user, group and circuit identifier.
Preferably, the spark initiator includes a needle nut assembly connectable to the
multifunctional shock tube interface adaptor, the needle nut assembly has a needle nut,
needle and a high voltage capacity medium to ensure the high voltage is carried to the tip of
the needle via said medium for the creation of the spark required for initiation.
Preferably, the medium is a kapton coated wire.
Preferably, the remote initiator receiver includes talk back means adapted to allow the
receiver to be interrogated by a transmitter, when the receiver is armed and is field-bonded to
that transmitter, and to allow the interrogated information to be displayed on that transmitter
without the operator having to physically interact with the receiver.
Preferably, the operating range of talkback means is 1000m Line of Sight (LOS) and 200m
NON-LOS.
Preferably, the antenna is an external antenna situated on the receiver.
Preferably, the antenna is flexible and able to be folded up or down.
Preferably, the receiver has a covering means removeably clipable to the receiver to cover
and protect the receivers keypad and to assist in the holding the antenna when the antenna is
in the folded position.
Preferably, the base of the receiver has a multi layered design to allow the receiver to
withstand ±25KV ESD events.
Preferably, the receiver is adapted to be used only once.
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Preferably, the remote initiator is made from light weight materials to enable the receiver to
be easily and readily transportable.
Preferably, the receiver has a mechanical interface for clipping onto a shock tube.
Preferably, the shock tube interface accommodates for differing diameters of shock tube.
Preferably, the receiver includes dual safety timers with independent timing sources such
that the dual safety timers are adapted to prevent arming of the receiver until a fixed time has
elapsed from the initiation of arming so that if the two safety timers do not time out within a
specified time of each other the receiver indicates an error and does not proceed to its armed
state.
Preferably, the receiver includes built-in test circuits to confirm safety, reliability, and shut
down in safe state if fault detected.
Preferably, the firing is done remotely where the firing signal is relayed from a transmitter to
the receiver by radio frequency.
Preferably, the receiver is adapted to operate and withstand environmental extremes.
Preferably, the receiver is adapted to be transportable in saltwater to depth of 1 meter and to
operate in temperature range of -21°C and +58°C and still be operable without degradation
of operation capabilities.
In a second aspect the invention resides an expendable remote initiator for initiating at least
one shock tube connectable to an explosive charge, wherein the remote initiator includes:
(i) a transmitter having means for generating and transmitting a coded signal and
input means for inputting operational commands into the transmitter for
generating the coded signal,
(ii) at least one receiver, wherein the receiver includes
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a. shock a shock tube interface adapted to interface directly with the shock tube
connected to an explosive charge,
b. a spark-initiator for initiating a spark at the shock tube interface in order to
initiate the shock tube,
c. multifunctional shock tube interface adaptor mounted and connected to the
shock tube interface, the multifunctional shock tube interface adaptor
connects the ground of a printed circuit assembly (PCA) to the shock tube
needle to allow a spark to occur upon initiation by the spark initiator and
holds the PCA securely,
d. receiver means for receiving a coded signal from a transmitter,
e. input means for inputting operational commands into the receiver for
generating an output signal for the initiation of the shock tube upon receipt of
a valid transmitted coded signal,
f. dual processing means that are independent of each other to provide
independent control of a firing circuit and adapted to synchronise with each
processing means before initiation can occur so as to enhance safety and
reliability of the receiver and the initiation thereof,
g. configuring means adapted to allow the receiver to be field bondable such that
the receiver can be configured to a transmitter,
h. zeroising means adapted by configured software to allow the configuration of
the receiver to be blanked so that the receiver cannot be initiated by a
transmitter until such time as the receiver is field-bonded by the configuration
means,
i. a multifunctional battery cap adapted to withstand ±25KV electrical static
discharge (ESD) events occurring and allows for the receiver to able to stand
upright,
j. antenna capable of withstanding ±25KV ESD events,
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k. LCD display icons to display battery levels, RF signal, group number and
timer initiated firing (TIF),
l. a keypad to allow inputting of commands into the receiver, and
m. a power supply to provide power to the receiver.
Any other aspects herein described
Brief Description
The invention will now be described, by way of example only, by reference to the
accompanying drawings:
Figure 1 is a front perspective view of the remote initiator receiver in accordance with a
preferred embodiment of the invention.
Figure 2 is a front perspective view of the remote initiator receiver as shown in figure 1
having a removeable cover thereon.
Figure 3 is a side view of the remote initiator receiver as shown in figure 1.
Figure 4 is back view of the remote initiator receiver as shown in figure 1.
Figure 5 is top view of the remote initiator receiver as shown in figure 1.
Figure 6 is an isometric view of the shock tube interface adaptor in accordance with a
preferred embodiment of the invention.
Figure 7 is an isometric view of the needle nut in accordance with a preferred embodiment
of the invention.
Figure 8 is an isometric exploded view of the shock tube interface, shock tube interface
adaptor, needle nut in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention.
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Figures 9 to 12 are flow charts showing the steps for configuring, deploying the receiver in
remote initiated firing (RIF) mode to initiate detonation, performing talk back, and zeroising
in accordance with a first preferred embodiment of the invention.
Description of Drawings
The following description will describe the invention in relation to preferred embodiments of
the invention, namely a remote initiator receiver, typically an expendable remote initiator
receiver for initiating shock tubes. The invention is in no way limited to these preferred
embodiments as they are purely to exemplify the invention only and that possible variations
and modifications would be readily apparent without departing from the scope of the
invention.
The expendable remote initiator of the invention includes a transmitter, one or more
expendable receivers with some minor accessories. The expendable receiver accepts a signal
from a transmitter that is in a structured format for decoding. The core format includes but is
not limited to code parts that include: a user code, a group code and a circuit code.
The user code ensures that equipments supplied to separate military units cannot be initiated
by some other military unit, i.e. a different country. The group code allows for different
elements of a common military force to use the initiator without triggering equipments
deployed by other parts of the same force. The user and group codes are set in the
transmitter at the time of manufacture or during high level maintenance. The circuit code
allows for multiple and separate charges to be fielded and initiated separately.
The remote initiator can consist of a minimum group of one transmitter and one expendable
receiver.
A built in self-test function is performed on both transmitter and expendable receivers at
switch on. Further automatic tests are performed on the execution of various functions, e.g.
battery level, charging voltage etc. Test failures are displayed on the LCD display as
individual error codes and the equipment is put into a safe state. The signal strength of
transmission to receivers can be performed and observed at the receivers by the deployment
personnel.
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The expendable receiver build standard provides operational capabilities in extreme
environments; including water to a depth of 1 metre, temperature range of -21C and +58°C,
carriage in un-pressurised aircraft to 30,000 ft.
A timer initiation function is included that permits receivers to initiate the detonation after a
settable elapsed time delay. The receiver, while in an armed timer initiation state may still
be fired by a remote radio command. A radio command to cancel the timer initiation
function can also be issued. The receiver remains receptive to remote initiation commands
after a cancellation of the timer initiation function.
To guard against unwarranted triggering of the firing circuit, the remote initiator includes
two microprocessors, a primary processor and secondary processor, whereby each processor
is provided with its own independent control of the firing circuit. Further the program for
such the secondary processor is preferably written by an independent software team to that
used for the software of the primary processor. The likelihood of two such independent
processors deciding to initiate a firing event together is astronomically remote.
The remote initiators design and its implementation have had particular attention paid to its
safety:
• The circuitry subjected to Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) to ensure that no single
component failure could result in an unsafe condition.
• The design includes two microprocessors with separate control of the firing
circuit.
• Each microprocessor is of a different type to ensure no common failings in each
microprocessor.
• The programs for the microprocessors are written by independent software teams
with different software writing tools.
• The circuitry is subjected to Failure Modes Effect and Criticality Analysis.
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During the receiver configuration opportunity an expendable receiver will respond to the
transmitters low power configuration transmission. The expendable receiver then updates its
internal code to match the user/group/circuit codes of the transmitter. Once the configuration
opportunity is passed the configuring transmitter can only be used with the expendable
receiver until otherwise configured by another transmitter. For the receiver to allow
configuration with any transmitter the feature is called field bond ability. The field bond
ability is available through the combination of software and hardware and is a standard
feature in the expendable receiver. This feature allows the receiver to be manufactured
without user or group codes stored on the receiver. The receiver is manufactured so that it is
supplied zeroised and can be configured by any transmitter that has the ability to configure
an expendable receiver. A transmitter must have the ability to send a configuration command
on a pilot frequency for field bond ability to function.
As explained above the receiver has a zeroise feature that allows the receiver to be un-
configured or reset back to an initial manufactured state. The zeroised feature is performed in
software. For the receiver to be zeroised a uniquely configured transmitter is required that is
set to a pre-determined user and group code. The transmitter while in the configuration menu
should have the circuit identifier set to ‘00’ before transmitting. Upon receiving a
transmission the receiver will display a return to factory state that covers and not limited to
user, group and circuit identifier.
A further function of the transmitter radiates a full power test signal that can be checked at
any receiver to determine that there is sufficient signal at such receivers for reliable
transmission.
The expendable receivers are able to be used in combat situations where the initiation of
demolitions in which the operator does not return to the site of the demolition. In this
situation the receiver unit will not be recovered and hence it is desirable that the receiver is
‘expendable’, i.e. destroyed in the demolition.
Such expendable receivers are of a much lower cost and as a consequence many of the
superior specifications usually required, but not all, must be sacrificed. Some of the
following specification but not limited to may reduce; radio range may reduce in an urban
environment, temperature range is reduced to -21ºC to +58ºC, water depths are only to 1
metre. The expendable receiver still retains the ability to be carried to an altitude of 30,000
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ft, the same easy to use operator functionality, disposable batteries, and the full safety
features.
The expendable receiver includes built-in test circuits to confirm safety, reliability, and shut
down in safe state if fault detected. The receiver also has dual arming-delay safety timers
with 'time remaining' display, software checks to back up hardware safety breaks. Also the
receiver short circuits the arming capacitor until authentication of firing command. Sensitive
data held in memory is protected by CRC checksum. There is duplication of critical
components so that no single component failure is capable of causing unintended detonation.
Generally the firing code is a binary bit stream, which is base-band, modulated using
Manchester encoding, and then transmitted using direct FSK modulation of the RF carrier.
Integrity of the transmission comes from the length of the code and the high level of error
detection built into the coding scheme. A number of different codes or identifiers are
embedded in the transmission which must match keys with the receiver before a firing event
is initiated.
Mounted on the front face of the receiver is an ON/OFF push button momentary switch. All
receiver functions or mode sequences are controlled by means of the ON/OFF button. This
switch is multi-functional. When held down for greater than 600 milliseconds the receiver
will power off. Briefly holding the button down and releasing (single tap) will move the
receiver into the next mode sequence. To progress through a safety gate a double tap will
move the receiver into the Safety Countdown display.
The user has control over the backlighting options. The options available are:
1 – Backlight off
2 – Backlight on – Night vision mode
3 – Backlight on – Normal mode
The receiver incorporates a backlit Four 7-segment Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) screen. If
set to option 2 or 3 the screen backlight will remain on for 15 seconds after the last key press.
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The expendable receiver employs dual independent processors. Each processor is of a
different type. Code for each processor is written by independent software teams to avoid
common coding errors. Software developed in accordance with IS0 9001 and maintained in a
controlled documented environment. The software is written following strict coding
practices including:
• Only one entry and exit point in sub-programs
• Strict control on use of registers to minimise accidental over-writes.
• Use of a separate register bank for interrupt handling.
• Use of interrupts restricted to timing and data reception.
• Avoidance of the use of dynamic memory management.
• Avoidance of the use of floating point arithmetic
• Protection of sensitive data by CRC checksums.
The remote initiator has an optional talkback feature that allows a transmitter, that has the
talkback feature enabled, the ability to interrogate a receiver, that has the talkback feature
enabled, using a coded transmission. The talkback feature allows operators of the remote
initiator to obtain information about the receiver without having to return to the deployed
receiver. The receiver while in the armed state will decode the received signal and transmit a
response. The response will provide the transmitter operator with information about the
receiver without having to physically interact with the receiver. The operating range of
talkback is 1000m LOS and 200m NON-LOS. Information provided to the transmitter
operator covers but not limited to TIF status and battery status.
The remote initiator is designed to command detonate explosives either by radio signals or
time. The remote initiator has the flexibility to be employed as an offensive or defensive
initiation system for special operations and as a conventional demolition or explosive
ordinance disposal (E.O.D.) initiation system. The remote initiator operates by using a UHF
radio link or timed initiation thereby overcoming the disadvantages associated with wire
based systems. The remote initiator can comprise of one transmitter and more than one
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receiver depending on operator requirements. Each expendable receiver has been designed to
initiate one circuit, commonly referred to as a line.
Figures 1 to 5 show a preferred embodiment of a remote initiator receiver. Figure 1 shows
the remote initiator receiver in one operation mode and in its operation orientation allowing
external antenna 2 to be used. Figure 2 shows the same receiver as in figure 1 in another
operation mode with a button cover 4 thereon. The button cover 4 is removeably clipped to
the housing 1 of the receiver such that button cover 4 is able to cover and protect the
receivers keypad 7 and to assist in the holding the antenna 2 when the antenna is in a folded
position.
The remote initiator receiver has a housing 1 made from plastic such as acrylonitrile-
butadiene-styrene (ABS) or poly carbonate (PC), typically though the material used is a
PC/ABS blend preferably a 60/40% blend. The housing 1 has and external antenna 2 this is
able to withstand ±25KV electric static discharge (ESD) events. The antenna 2 is flexible so
that is able to fold up or down during storage and prevents antenna damage if knocked. The
housing 1 includes a multifunctional battery cap 3 situated at the base of the receiver so that
the receiver is able to stand upright as shown in figures 1 & 2. The multifunctional battery
cap withstands ±25KV ESD events occurring and affecting the functions of the receiver. The
multifunctional battery cap 3 is made from plastic such as ABS or PC or ABS/PC blend.
The multifunctional battery cap 3 has a multi layered design and is designed to allow the
keypad cover to be assembled at the same time. Situated on the upper front face of the
receiver 1 is a LCD 5 for displaying thereon information such as battery levels, RF signal,
group number, TIF timer activated/running, etc. Also situated on the front face below LCD
is a membrane type key pad 7 for the inputting of commands into the receiver. The
commands into the receiver by keypad 7 enable an output signal to be generated for the
initiation of the shock tube upon receipt of a valid transmitted coded signal. A shock tube
interface 6 is situated on the top of the receiver housing 1 to allow the receiver to interface
directly with a shock tube connected to an explosive charge. The shock tube interface 6 is
able to accommodate differing diameters of shock tube.
The receiver has a spark-initiator for initiating a spark at the shock tube interface in order to
initiate the shock tube. The receiver includes dual processors that are independent of each
other to provide independent control of a firing circuit and adapted to synchronise with each
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processor before initiation can occur so as to enhance safety and reliability of the receiver
and the initiation thereof. The receiver has dual safety timers with independent timing
sources such that the dual safety timers prevent arming of the receiver until a fixed time has
elapsed from the initiation of arming so that if the two safety timers do not time out within a
specified time of each other the receiver indicates an error and does not proceed to its armed
state. The receiver has built-in test circuits to confirm safety, reliability, and shut down in
safe state if fault detected. The firing is done remotely where the firing signal is relayed from
a transmitter to the receiver by radio frequency.
The receiver is able to be configured to allow the receiver to be field bondable such that the
receiver can be configured to any transmitter. However for improved safety the receiver has
zeroising functionality to allow the configuration of the receiver to be blanked so that the
receiver cannot be initiated by any transmitter until such time as the receiver is field-bonded
to a transmitter so that the receiver is able to receive a coded signal from a transmitter. The
receiver has talk back functionality to allow the receiver to be interrogated by a transmitter
when the receiver is armed and is field-bonded to that transmitter, and to also allow the
interrogated information to be displayed on that transmitter. The receiver has a spark-
initiator for shock-tube detonators. The receiver shock tube interface 6 is designed to handle
a wide range of environmental conditions. The receiver is designed as an expendable unit
and is intended to be used operationally only once.
A further feature of the invention is shown in figures 6 to 8 showing a multifunctional shock
tube interface adaptor 8 and needle nut 9. The receiver uses a custom designed
multifunctional shock tube interface adaptor 8 that is used to connect the PCA to the shock
tube interface 6 as well as retain the PCA securely in a fixed position. The interface adaptor
8 is manufactured to allow easy operator assembly of the shock tube adaptor. The interface
adaptor 8 allows the easy assembly of the needle nut assembly during manufacture, figure 7
shows the needle nut 9 only and not the full assembly. Figure 6 only shows the interface
adaptor 8 and not the interface adaptor assembly. The needle nut assembly is the key part
that creates the spark for initiation. The needle nut assembly must ensure it has a good
connection to ground established through the interface adaptor and that the high voltage is
carried to the tip of the needle using a medium (Kapton coated wire) 10 forming part of the
interface needle nut assembly. The structural features of the interface adaptor 8 ensures the
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PCA is held fast in place to meet strict military standards for drop and vibration, the interface
adaptor 8 is simple to manufacture and can be retained in the receiver housing by injection
moulding. The material the interface adaptor 8 is made of is selected due to its electrical
characteristics. Figure 8 shows in exploded view the multifunctional shock tube interface
adaptor 8 coupled to the shock tube interface 6 and coupled to the needle nut 9 with a kapton
wire 10.
The power supply that provides power to the receiver is powered by a battery or by batteries.
The receiver is able to operate and withstand environmental extremes. The receiver is able
to be transported in saltwater to depth of 1 meter and then be operated without degradation
of operation capabilities. The receiver is able to operate in temperature range of -21 C and
+58 C
Turning to the flow charts of Figures 9 to 12 which set out the operating process of the
remote initiator.
Figure 9 relates to the configuration 100 of a receiver circuit code. Before turning on, check
the transmitter and receiver(s) to see if they are fitted with batteries and the transmitter and
antenna, 101. If okay then the transmitter is turned on and a self test is commenced, 102.
The outcome of the self test, 103, displays an error code, 104, if the test fails or continues if
the test is okay. Then the receiver is switched on and a self test is commenced, 105. The
outcome of the self test, 106, displays an error code if the test fails, 107, or continues if the
test is okay. If okay the battery level is displayed with icon along with its present group
number, 108, then by pressing the receiver button causes the current circuit identifier to be
displayed and the configuration letter flashes for 60 seconds while configurable, 109. Then
the transmitter configuration function is selected and circuit identifier selected, the
user/group/circuit values are then transmitted, 110. The receiver displays the circuit
identifier and group code and stores the user, group and circuit identifier codes, 111. The
receiver is now configured for RIF operations, the transmitter and receiver can be switched
off until required, 112.
Figures 10 relates to the deploying of the receiver and setting up for initiating detonation,
130. The receiver is checked to ascertain if fitted with a battery, 131. If so, then it is
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switched on and the self test commences 132. The outcome of the self test, 133, displays an
error code if the test fails, 134, or continues if the test is okay. If okay the battery level is
displayed with icon, check group number is correct before continuing, 135, then by pressing
the receiver button causes the current circuit identifier to be displayed, check the circuit
identifier, 136. Press the receiver button is to view and check the signal strength, 137.
While in signal strength attach the shock tube to the receiver, 138. The receiver button is
then pressed again to display that the safety count-down is ready to be started, 139. The
receiver button is then double tapped to commence the safety count-down, 140. The operator
shall then leave the area and will not return until either it has successfully initiated or
perform a return drill where they wait for a fixed amount of time if it has not initiated. The
receiver will then become armed awaiting to receive an initiation command from the
configuring transmitter.
Figure 11 relates to the talkback function, 150, of a receiver and transmitter. Following on
from figure 9 the receiver shall be armed after the safety countdown timer has expired to
receive a talk back request, 152. Using a transmitter, with talk back enabled, while in the talk
back function the correct circuit identifier is selected, 153, a request transmission is then
performed, 154. The receiver indicates a valid talk back request on the LCD by displaying a
valid symbol representing the request, 155. Once the receiver has decoded the request and
determined the request was for it the receiver progresses to transmit talk back information
back to the requesting transmitter, 156. The transmitter then displays all the received talk
back information in a structured way on the LCD , 157.
Figure 12 relates to the zeroising, 180, of a receiver circuit code. Before turning on, check
the transmitter and receiver(s) to see if they are fitted with batteries and the transmitter an
antenna, 181. If okay then the transmitter is turned on and a self test is commenced, 182.
The outcome of the self test, 183, displays an error code, 184, if the test fails or continues if
the test is okay. Then the receiver is switched on and a self test is commenced, 185. The
outcome of the self test, 186, displays an error code if the test fails, 187, or continues if the
test is okay. If okay the battery level is displayed with icon along with its present group
number, 188, then by pressing the receiver button causes the current circuit identifier to be
displayed and the configuration letter flashes for 60 seconds while configurable, 189. Using
a uniquely configured transmitter the configuration function is selected and circuit identifier
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value of ‘00’ is selected, 190. The user/group and circuit codes are transmitted , 191. The
addressed receiver will acknowledge a signal received and progress to update the LCD with
its zeroised status ‘--' for the circuit identifier and ‘----‘ for the group the user code is also
reset to a zeroised state, 192. The transmitter and receiver can now be switched off.
The preferred specification requirements of the remote initiator are as follows:
• Receiver Size – 80.5(W) x 139.5(L) x 30(D) mm
• Receiver Weight -- 170 grams, excluding battery
Preferred electrical specifications are as follows:
• Operating Frequency 300 – 960 MHz
• Installation Type Man Portable
• Channel Spacing 12.5kHz
• Modulation FSK
• Frequency Control VTCXO
• Frequency Stability +/-1.5ppm (all causes)
• Operational Range 1200m Non-LOS, 2-3KM LOS
• Error Detection Method Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) 16 Bit error checking
• Firing Delay <2sec seconds from commencement of firing transmission
• Antenna external antenna
• Power & Operating Voltage 1 x AA Lithium LR91 battery (1.5v)
• User Battery Characteristics Lithium AA LR91 Operating -21ºC to +58ºC
• Receiver Sensitivity -121dBm for 1 x 10-3 errors.
• Receiver Safety Timer Post arming delay, via dual independent timers,
specified by customer and programmed at manufacture. Standard delay is 5 minutes.
• Shock-tube Electro-static firing circuit
Stored Energy 3.4 to 6 Joules -- Energy stored in arming capacitor.
Stored Energy 260mJ to 320mJ -- Energy stored in firing capacitor
As mentioned the remote initiator receiver incorporates specific safety and security features
required for safe and secure firing of the detonator by the remote initiator. These include:
• Expendable and intended for a single operational use,
• Field-bondable to a transmitter,
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• Zeorising functionality,
• Talk back functionality
• Mechanical solution means
• Withstands ESD
• Built-in test circuits to confirm safety, reliability, and shut down in safe state if fault
detected.
• A failure results in unit shutdown to a safe state and indication of fault type on LCD.
• Software checks to back up hardware safety breaks.
• Short circuit of discharge capacitor until authentication of firing command.
• Sensitive data held in memory is protected by CRC checksum.
• Duplication of critical components so that no single component failure is capable of
causing unintended detonation.
DESIGN SAFETY FEATURES
The remote initiator utilises UHF radio signals to send firing commands from the transmitter
to the receiver. Each system operates on a specific frequency. The transmitter can configure
any receiver during the configuration opportunity. During this opportunity the configuring
transmitter user, group and circuit identifier codes are stored by the receiver. The configuring
transmitter is then the only transmitter that can be used to initiate the expendable receiver
until another transmitter is used to configure the receiver.
The situation could occur where two systems are deployed operating on the same frequency.
Interference will occur if two transmitters are operated at exactly the same time (unlikely
given the short transmission duration) within the signal reception area. This will not result in
the unintentional firing of a circuit because of the unique code associated with each system.
Instead those receivers within the signal reception area will ignore the firing commands. This
effect is known as "blocking". In TIF mode both processors run independent clocks, times
must synchronize before initiation can take place.
A comprehensive error checking system is employed on the radio transmission, involving a
data comparison and validation process. This ensures the integrity of all detonation
commands and hence a high safety standard.
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The receiver incorporates an ON/OFF push button momentary switch. The ON/OFF switch
controls all receiver functions. When the ON/OFF switch is held down for more than
>600ms the receiver will power down. Briefly holding down the ON/OFF switch will allow
the operator to move to the next mode in the program sequence. A safety delay of 5 minute
duration is incorporated within the receiver prior to arming and is displayed as a countdown
from 4:59 minutes to 0 seconds. During the countdown period, cycling through the
programme or switching the receiver OFF will disarm the receiver.
The transmitter should only be turned ON when configuring the receiver and when initiating
explosives. Two firing buttons are located on the transmitter on two different surfaces. A two
handed key press is required to transmit the firing command.
Advantages
a) Improved safety
b) Timed or Non Timed Initiation
c) Single or multi receiver operation
d) No single component failure can result in an unsafe condition and firing
e) Dual microprocessors
f) Multifunctional shock tube interface adaptor
g) Receiver able to be field bondable to a transmitter
h) Receiver able to returned to manufactured unconfigured state
i) Receiver having talk back feature.
Variations
Throughout the description of this specification, the word “comprise” and variations of that
word such as “comprising” and “comprises”, are not intended to exclude other additives,
components, integers or steps.
It will of course be realised that while the foregoing has been given by way of illustrative
example of this invention, all such and other modifications and variations thereto as would
be apparent to persons skilled in the art are deemed to fall within the broad scope and ambit
of this invention as is herein described in the appended claims
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Claims (22)
- Claim 1: An expendable remote initiator receiver for initiating at least one shock tube connectable to an explosive charge, wherein the receiver includes: (i) a shock tube interface adapted to interface directly with the shock tube connected 5 to an explosive charge, (ii) a spark initiator for initiating a spark at the shock tube interface in order to initiate the shock tube, (iii) multifunctional shock tube interface adaptor mounted and connected to the shock tube interface, the multifunctional shock tube interface adaptor connects the 10 ground of a printed circuit assembly (PCA) to the shock tube needle to allow a spark to occur upon initiation by the spark initiator and holds the PCA securely, (iv) receiver means for receiving a coded signal from a transmitter, (v) input means for inputting operational commands into the receiver for generating an output signal for the initiation of the shock tube upon receipt of a valid 15 transmitted coded signal, (vi) dual processing means that are independent of each other to provide independent control of a firing circuit and the processing means are adapted to synchronise with each processing means before initiation can occur so as to enhance safety and reliability of the receiver and the initiation thereof, 20 (vii) configuring means adapted to allow the receiver to be field bondable such that the receiver can be configured to any transmitter, (viii) zeroising means adapted by configured software to allow the configuration of the receiver to be blanked so that the receiver cannot be initiated by any transmitter until such time as the receiver is field-bonded by the configuration means, 25 (ix) a multifunctional battery cap adapted to withstand ±25KV electrical static discharge (ESD) events and allows for the receiver to stand upright, (x) antenna capable of withstanding ±25KV ESD events, I:\402300\402377NZ\402377nz_amendedcomp spec_20121123.doc RECEIVED at IPONZ 23 November 2012 (xi) LCD display icons to display battery levels, RF signal, group number and timer initiated firing (TIF), (xii) a keypad to allow inputting of commands into the receiver, and (xiii) a power supply to provide power to the receiver. 5
- Claim 2: The expendable remote initiator receiver as claimed in claim 1, wherein the configuring means includes a programmed microprocessor to allow the receiver to be configured by any transmitter that has the ability to configure the receiver so that the receiver is field bondable to the configurable transmitter such that the receiver can only be used with the configurable transmitter until otherwise configured by another transmitter. 10
- Claim 3: The expendable remote initiator receiver as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the receiver is manufactured and supplied in a zeroised state without user or group codes stored in the receiver.
- Claim 4: The expendable remote initiator receiver as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the zeroising means includes a programmed microprocessor to 15 allow the receiver to be un-configured or reset back to an initial manufactured state.
- Claim 5: The expendable remote initiator receiver as claimed in claim 4, wherein the zeroising means receives and processes a signal from a uniquely configured transmitter such that the receiver is set to a pre-determined user and group code to allow the receiver to be un- configured or reset back to an initial manufactured state. 20
- Claim 6: The expendable remote initiator receiver as claimed in claim 5, wherein the receiver upon receiving a zeroising transmission will display a return to factory state that covers and not limited to user, group and circuit identifier.
- Claim 7: The expendable remote initiator receiver as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the spark initiator includes a needle nut assembly connectable to 25 the multifunctional shock tube interface adaptor, the needle nut assembly has a needle nut, needle and a high voltage capacity medium to ensure the high voltage is carried to the tip of the needle via said medium for the creation of the spark required for initiation. I:\402300\402377NZ\402377nz_amendedcomp spec_20121123.doc RECEIVED at IPONZ 23 November 2012
- Claim 8: The expendable remote initiator receiver as claimed in claim 7, wherein the medium is a kapton coated wire.
- Claim 9: The expendable remote initiator receiver as claimed in any one of the 5 preceding claims, wherein the remote initiator receiver includes talk back means adapted to allow the receiver to be interrogated by a transmitter, when the receiver is armed and is field- bonded to that transmitter, and to allow the interrogated information to be displayed on that transmitter without the operator having to physically interact with the receiver.
- Claim 10: The expendable remote initiator receiver as claimed in claim 9, wherein the 10 operating range of talkback means is 1000m Line of Sight (LOS) and 200m NON-LOS.
- Claim 11: The expendable remote initiator receiver as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the antenna is an external antenna situated on the receiver.
- Claim 12: The expendable remote initiator receiver as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the antenna is flexible and able to be folded up or down. 15
- Claim 13: The expendable remote initiator receiver as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the receiver has a covering means removeably clipable to the receiver to cover and protect the receivers keypad and to assist in the holding the antenna when the antenna is in a folded position.
- Claim 14: The expendable remote initiator receiver as claimed in any one of the 20 preceding claims, wherein the receiver is adapted to be used only once.
- Claim 15: The expendable remote initiator receiver as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the remote initiator is made from light weight material to enable the receiver to be easily and readable transportable.
- Claim 16: The expendable remote initiator receiver as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the receiver includes dual safety timers with independent timing sources such that the dual safety timers are adapted to prevent arming of the receiver until a fixed time has elapsed from the initiation of arming so that if the two safety timers do not I:\402300\402377NZ\402377nz_amendedcomp spec_20121123.doc RECEIVED at IPONZ 23 November 2012 time out within a specified time of each other the receiver indicates an error and does not proceed to its armed state.
- Claim 17: The expendable remote initiator receiver as claimed in any one of the 5 preceding claims, wherein the receiver includes built-in test circuits to confirm safety, reliability, and shut down in safe state if fault detected.
- Claim 18: The expendable remote initiator receiver as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the firing is done remotely where the firing signal is relayed from 10 a transmitter to the receiver by radio frequency.
- Claim 19: The expendable remote initiator receiver as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the receiver is adapted to operate and withstand environmental extremes.
- Claim 20: The expendable remote initiator receiver as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the receiver is adapted to be transportable in saltwater to depth of 1 meter and to operate in temperature range of -21°C and +58°C and still be operable without degradation of operation capabilities.
- Claim 21: The expendable remote initiator receiver as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the zeroising means allows the receiver to be zeroised without a transmitter by using the LCD display and/or keypad to select the zeroising option from the appropriate menu in order to enable zeroising of the receiver by the software configuration.
- Claim 22: An expendable remote initiator for initiating at least one shock tube connectable to an explosive charge, wherein the remote initiator includes: (i) a transmitter having means for generating and transmitting a coded signal and input means for inputting operational commands into the transmitter for 30 generating the coded signal, and (ii) at least one receiver as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 21. I:\402300\402377NZ\402377nz_amendedcomp spec_20121123.doc
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NZ603164A NZ603164B (en) | 2012-10-23 | Remote initiator receiver | |
ES12886916T ES2718126T3 (en) | 2012-10-23 | 2012-12-13 | Remote initiation receiver |
DK12886916.1T DK2912403T3 (en) | 2012-10-23 | 2012-12-13 | REMOTE ACTIVATION RECEIVER |
US14/430,221 US10066920B2 (en) | 2012-10-23 | 2012-12-13 | Remote initiator receiver |
AU2012393032A AU2012393032B2 (en) | 2012-10-23 | 2012-12-13 | Remote initiator receiver |
PCT/NZ2012/000236 WO2014065676A2 (en) | 2012-10-23 | 2012-12-13 | Remote initiator receiver |
EP12886916.1A EP2912403B1 (en) | 2012-10-23 | 2012-12-13 | Remote initiator receiver |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NZ603164A NZ603164B (en) | 2012-10-23 | Remote initiator receiver |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NZ603164A NZ603164A (en) | 2014-05-30 |
NZ603164B true NZ603164B (en) | 2014-09-02 |
Family
ID=
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