NZ555389A - Closed type impeller wheel with leading edges of vanes swept back - Google Patents
Closed type impeller wheel with leading edges of vanes swept backInfo
- Publication number
- NZ555389A NZ555389A NZ555389A NZ55538905A NZ555389A NZ 555389 A NZ555389 A NZ 555389A NZ 555389 A NZ555389 A NZ 555389A NZ 55538905 A NZ55538905 A NZ 55538905A NZ 555389 A NZ555389 A NZ 555389A
- Authority
- NZ
- New Zealand
- Prior art keywords
- impeller
- leading edges
- impeller wheel
- vanes
- pump
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 6
- -1 hygiene articles Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D7/00—Pumps adapted for handling specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts
- F04D7/02—Pumps adapted for handling specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts of centrifugal type
- F04D7/04—Pumps adapted for handling specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts of centrifugal type the fluids being viscous or non-homogenous
- F04D7/045—Pumps adapted for handling specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts of centrifugal type the fluids being viscous or non-homogenous with means for comminuting, mixing stirring or otherwise treating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/18—Rotors
- F04D29/22—Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps
- F04D29/2261—Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps with special measures
- F04D29/2288—Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps with special measures for comminuting, mixing or separating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/18—Rotors
- F04D29/181—Axial flow rotors
- F04D29/183—Semi axial flow rotors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/18—Rotors
- F04D29/22—Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps
- F04D29/24—Vanes
- F04D29/242—Geometry, shape
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2210/00—Working fluids
- F05D2210/10—Kind or type
- F05D2210/11—Kind or type liquid, i.e. incompressible
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S415/00—Rotary kinetic fluid motors or pumps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S416/00—Fluid reaction surfaces, i.e. impellers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S417/00—Pumps
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
The present disclosure relates to a pump impeller of a centrifugal or half axial type to be used in a pump for pumping liquids, wherein the impeller is arranged with one or several vanes (18), that the vanes are attached to cover discs (16) on each side, forming a so called closed impeller wheel, characterized in that the leading edges (40) of the vanes are swept backwards at the inlet opening (42) in one of the cover discs (16) of the impeller.
Description
Printed: 15/11/2006 5553S9 pE$cpAp>; EP2005055726 IMPELLER WHEEL TECHNICAL FIELD The invention concerns a pump impeller and more precisely a pump impeller 5 for centrifugal-or half axial pumps for pumping of fluids containing pollutants.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In literature there are lot of types of pumps and pump impellers for this 10 purpose described, all however having certain disadvantages. Above all, this concerns problems with wear, clogging and low efficiency.
Sewage water contains a lot of different types of pollutants, the amount and structure of which depend on the season and type of area from which the 15 water emanates. In cities plastic material, hygiene articles, textile etc are common, while industrial areas may produce wearing particles. Experience shows that the worst problems are rags and the like which stick to the leading edges of the vanes and become wound around the impeller hub. Such incidents cause frequent service intervals and a reduced efficiency.
In agriculture and pulp industry different kinds of special pumps are used, which should manage straw, grass, leaves and other types of organic material. For this purpose the leading edges of the vanes are swept backwards in order to cause the pollutants to be fed outwards to the 25 periphery instead of getting stuck to the edges.
Different types of disintegration means are often used for cutting the material and making the flow more easily. Examples are shown in SE-435 952, SE-375 831 and US-A 4 347 035. 13/11/2006 Printed: 15/11/2006 .555389 v,- DESCPAMD EP2005055726 In literature the designs of the pump impellers are described very generally, especially as regards the sweep of the leading edges of open impeller wheels. Attempts to define the sweep of the leading edges for an open impeller wheel are described in e.g. EP 0916851 and EP 0916852.
During pumping where high lifting heights are required, for example in mines, closed pump impellers are often used, i.e. such with two cover discs, an upper and a lower as well as intermediate vanes, because these types of impellers reduce the axial load on the pump in comparison to the open type 10 impellers. On the other hand, closed impellers have a lesser lead-through, which means higher risk for clogging.
EP 0395604 discloses an impeller wheel, which is arranged with one or several vanes that are attached to cover discs on each side forming a so 15 called closed impeller wheel. The leading edges of the vanes are placed generally in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the impeller, at the inlet opening in one of the cover discs.
Regarding closed impeller wheels they are generally designed with leading 20 edges placed in the central inlet such that they are rather straight as seen in the flow direction. It has been found that during use, and in particular when the liquid contains rather large quantities of abrasive pollution, there is considerable wear on the leading edges of the vanes. There is further a risk that pollutants such as rags, plastic bags and other elongated objects get 25 stuck on the leading edges, thereby requiring cleaning of the pump.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The aim of the present invention is to remedy the above mentioned problems and in particular in connection with closed impeller wheels. 13/11/2006 , 555339 Printed: 15/.11 /2006 DESCPAMD This aim is solved according to a main aspect of the invention by what is characterized in claim 1. Preferable embodiments of the invention form the dependent claims.
According to a main aspect of the invention, it is characterized by an impeller wheel of a centrifugal or half axial type to be used in a pump for pumping liquids, wherein the impeller is arranged with one or several vanes, that the vanes are attached to cover discs on each side, forming a so called closed impeller wheel, characterized in that the leading edges of the vanes are swept 10 backwards at the inlet opening in one of the cover discs of the impeller.
According to a further aspect of the invention, it is characterized in that the leading edges co-operate with cutting means arranged in a central inlet opening of the pump.
Preferably the leading edges protrude somewhat out of the inlet opening, and that the cutting means constitute at least one narrowing section of the gap between the central inlet opening of the pump and the-leading ledges of the impeller, whereby, when the leading edges sweep past these sections during 20 operation, a cutting action is obtained there between.
By designing the leading edges of the vanes strongly backswept it has been found that the wear on these edges are reduced drastically. The design also reduces the risk of material getting stuck on the edges. Rather such material 25 are fed towards the periphery.
The material that however tends to get stuck on the edges at the inlet opening of the impeller will be cut by the cutting means. In a preferred L -_ '5553S9 , - . - : ; Printed 15/11/2006 DESCPAMD embodiment the leading edge of the vanes co-operate with two narrowing parts of the inlet opening of the pump housing.
For a good performance regarding the pump function and transportation of 5 material towards the periphery, the sweep angle a should be in the region 40 - 60° and the sweeping of the leading edges may generally follow the curvature of a logarithmic spiral.
In all an impeller wheel with improved performance and wear resistance is 10 obtained, leading to long operation cycles between maintenance and service.
These and other aspects of and advantages with the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description and from the drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In the following detailed description of the invention, reference will be made to the drawings, of which Fig. 1 is an axial cross-section through a pump according to the invention, Fig. 2a is a perspective view from above of an impeller wheel comprising the present invention, Fig. 2b is a view corresponding to Fig. 2a from below, Fig. 3 is a view from below of the impeller wheel of Fig. 2, and 13/11/2006 Printed: 15/11/2006 . 555389-.
DESCPAMD EP2005055726 Fig. 4 is a bottom plate to be mounted in a pump and co-operating with the impeller wheel according to Fig. 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 5 Fig. 1 shows an impeller wheel of the closed type mounted in a pump comprising a drive shaft 10 connected to an electrical motor (not shown) for driving the pump. To the lower end of the shaft a pump impeller 12 is mounted, comprising upper 14 and lower 16 cover discs, vanes 18 and back vanes 19. The above mentioned components are mounted in a pump housing 10 20, having a bottom wall 22, an inlet 24 and an outlet 26. The pump impeller 12 is mounted such in the pump housing that there is a gap 28 between the peripheral surface of the lower cover disc 16 and an inner side wall of the pump housing 20, a space 29 between the lower disc and the bottom wall as well as a gap 30 between a lower surface of the lower cover disc 16 and an 15 upper surface of the bottom wall 22.
According to the principles for a centrifugal pump, the liquid is sucked in axially through the inlet 24 and leaves the pump through the outlet 26 according to flow arrows A, B and C.
According to the present invention the vanes 18 are designed such that the leading edges 40 are swept strongly backwards at the inlet opening 42 of the impeller wheel, in relation to the direction of rotation R. The sweep angle could be increased from the hub and outwards. The sweep of the leading 25 edges could be defined by a logarithmic spiral where the sweep angle a is rt/2 - (3, where (3 is the angle of the logarithmic spiral. Preferably the sweep angle should be in the region 40 - 60°.
O. _ 555389 ■ Printed: 15/11 /2006 DESCPAMD At the inlet opening of the impeller the leading edges are placed generally in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation 10 of the impeller. The advantage with this design is to make sure that pollutants slide towards the periphery instead of getting stuck on the edges. It has further been shown that the 5 wear on the leading edges are reduced when they have this configuration instead of the conventional design.
Further, the leading edges protrude somewhat out of the central opening of the impeller, Fig. 1. The edge parts 44 of the vanes protruding above the 10 bottom surface of the lower cover disc 16 can be arranged to co-operate with the edge part 46 of the stationary inlet 24 of the housing arranged in a bottom plate 22. The circular inlet is thus arranged with two oppositely arranged straight parts 50 whereby the gap between the vanes and the edge part of the inlet becomes very small. Elongated pollution such as rags, plastic 15 bags and the like that have been stuck on the leading edges of the vanes will be cut here.
In total the design of the leading edges being swept and protruding somewhat, and co-operating with the opening of the bottom plate, greatly 20 reduces the risk of pollutants getting stuck and reduces the wear on the leading edges.
It is to be understood that the embodiment described above and shown in the drawings is to be regarded as a non-limiting example of the invention and 25 that it may be modified within the scope of the patent claims. 13/11/2006
Claims (9)
1. An impeller wheel of a centrifugal or half axial type to be used in a pump for pumping liquids, wherein the impeller is arranged with one or several vanes that the vanes are attached to cover discs on each side, forming a so called closed impeller wheel, that the leading edges of the vanes are placed generally in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the impeller at the inlet opening in one of the cover discs characterized in that the leading edges of the vanes are swept backwards at the inlet opening in one of the cover discs of the impeller in relation to the direction of rotation .
2. Impeller wheel according to claim 1, wherein the leading edges protrude somewhat out of the inlet opening arranged and capable of co-operating with cutting means arranged in a central inlet opening of the pump.
3. Impeller wheel according to claim 2, wherein the cutting means constitute at least one narrowing section of the gap between the central inlet opening of the pump and the leading ledges of the impeller.
4. Impeller wheel according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the leading edges are swept generally corresponding to a logarithmic spiral.
5. Impeller wheel according to claim 4, wherein a sweep angle of the leading edges is n/2 - p>, where fi is the angle of the logarithmic spiral. ' MTELIE GTUAF PRO PE RTY OFFICE i OF NZ 2 5 NAY 200? [received 555389 Received 11 June 2010 8
6. Impeller wheel according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the sweep angle of the leading edges are in the region 40 - 60°.
7. Pump comprising an impeller wheel according to any of the claims 1-6.
8. An impeller wheel substantially as herein described or exemplified, with reference to the accompanying drawings.
9. A pump substantially as herein described or exemplified, with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE0402840A SE527558C2 (en) | 2004-11-19 | 2004-11-19 | Impeller |
PCT/EP2005/055726 WO2006053831A1 (en) | 2004-11-19 | 2005-11-03 | Impeller wheel |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NZ555389A true NZ555389A (en) | 2010-07-30 |
Family
ID=33516498
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NZ555389A NZ555389A (en) | 2004-11-19 | 2005-11-03 | Closed type impeller wheel with leading edges of vanes swept back |
Country Status (26)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20090208336A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1815144B8 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4489119B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR20070086413A (en) |
CN (1) | CN101061319A (en) |
AP (1) | AP2173A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE389809T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2005305920B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0518009A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2585171A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE602005005515T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK1815144T3 (en) |
EA (1) | EA009906B1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2304178T3 (en) |
HK (1) | HK1106814A1 (en) |
IL (1) | IL182816A0 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2007005925A (en) |
NO (1) | NO20073096L (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ555389A (en) |
PL (1) | PL1815144T3 (en) |
PT (1) | PT1815144E (en) |
SE (1) | SE527558C2 (en) |
SI (1) | SI1815144T1 (en) |
UA (1) | UA89653C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006053831A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA200704866B (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2935761B1 (en) * | 2008-09-05 | 2010-10-15 | Alstom Hydro France | FRANCIS TYPE WHEEL FOR A HYDRAULIC MACHINE, A HYDRAULIC MACHINE COMPRISING SUCH A WHEEL AND A METHOD OF ASSEMBLING SUCH A WHEEL |
DE102009011444A1 (en) * | 2009-03-03 | 2010-09-09 | Ksb Aktiengesellschaft | Free-flow impeller with cutting edges |
JPWO2013015432A1 (en) * | 2011-07-25 | 2015-02-23 | 泰工技研工業株式会社 | Fluid machinery |
EP3011186B1 (en) * | 2013-06-21 | 2020-12-30 | Flow Control LLC. | Debris removing impeller backvane |
JP6351216B2 (en) * | 2013-07-05 | 2018-07-04 | 株式会社荏原製作所 | Pump blade for submersible pump and submersible pump equipped with the same |
CN103696982A (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2014-04-02 | 江苏大学 | Sewage axial-flow pump impeller structure capable of automatically cutting fibers |
JP6415116B2 (en) | 2014-05-30 | 2018-10-31 | 株式会社荏原製作所 | Casing liner for sewage pump and sewage pump provided with the same |
KR20180079505A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2018-07-11 | 명화공업주식회사 | Waterpump impeller |
CN108916066A (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2018-11-30 | 江苏大学 | A kind of environment protecting pump for conveying with particle and fiber |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2712412A (en) * | 1952-08-26 | 1955-07-05 | New Holland Machine Division O | Forage blower |
US3447475A (en) * | 1967-01-09 | 1969-06-03 | Albert Blum | Centrifugal pump |
US3958895A (en) * | 1975-02-07 | 1976-05-25 | Brisson Leonard L | Pump with shearing means |
DE2612910A1 (en) * | 1976-03-26 | 1977-09-29 | Albert Blum | SEWAGE PUMP |
CA1155712A (en) * | 1979-10-29 | 1983-10-25 | Rockwell International Corporation | Composite centrifugal impeller for slurry pumps |
SE466766B (en) * | 1989-04-27 | 1992-03-30 | Flygt Ab Itt | Centrifugal pump intended for pumping of liquids containing solid particles, for example, rags and other long-stretched objects |
US5438755A (en) * | 1993-11-17 | 1995-08-08 | Giberson; Melbourne F. | Method of making a monolithic shrouded impeller |
SE520416C2 (en) * | 1997-11-18 | 2003-07-08 | Flygt Ab Itt | Impeller |
SE512154C2 (en) * | 1997-11-18 | 2000-02-07 | Flygt Ab Itt | Impeller for centrifugal or semi-axial pumps intended to pump primarily wastewater |
GB2371834B (en) * | 1999-10-06 | 2004-03-10 | Vaughan Co | Centrifugal pump improvements |
US6276899B1 (en) * | 1999-11-05 | 2001-08-21 | Flowserve Management Company | Impeller manufacturing process |
JP4358965B2 (en) * | 2000-03-27 | 2009-11-04 | 株式会社日立産機システム | Centrifugal impeller and air purifier |
US20040136825A1 (en) * | 2001-08-08 | 2004-07-15 | Addie Graeme R. | Multiple diverter for reducing wear in a slurry pump |
US20040234370A1 (en) * | 2002-09-26 | 2004-11-25 | Mark Simakaski | Chopping pump impeller assembly |
EP1455094A1 (en) * | 2003-03-04 | 2004-09-08 | Ziehl-Abegg AG | Radial flow impeller |
-
2004
- 2004-11-19 SE SE0402840A patent/SE527558C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2005
- 2005-11-03 EA EA200701098A patent/EA009906B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-11-03 JP JP2007541908A patent/JP4489119B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-11-03 DE DE602005005515T patent/DE602005005515T2/en active Active
- 2005-11-03 DK DK05801669T patent/DK1815144T3/en active
- 2005-11-03 ES ES05801669T patent/ES2304178T3/en active Active
- 2005-11-03 SI SI200530263T patent/SI1815144T1/en unknown
- 2005-11-03 AU AU2005305920A patent/AU2005305920B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-11-03 NZ NZ555389A patent/NZ555389A/en unknown
- 2005-11-03 PT PT05801669T patent/PT1815144E/en unknown
- 2005-11-03 WO PCT/EP2005/055726 patent/WO2006053831A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-11-03 BR BRPI0518009-0A patent/BRPI0518009A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-11-03 ZA ZA200704866A patent/ZA200704866B/en unknown
- 2005-11-03 EP EP05801669A patent/EP1815144B8/en active Active
- 2005-11-03 AP AP2007003998A patent/AP2173A/en active
- 2005-11-03 PL PL05801669T patent/PL1815144T3/en unknown
- 2005-11-03 KR KR1020077013863A patent/KR20070086413A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-11-03 UA UAA200706529A patent/UA89653C2/en unknown
- 2005-11-03 US US11/719,842 patent/US20090208336A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-11-03 CN CNA2005800395749A patent/CN101061319A/en active Pending
- 2005-11-03 CA CA002585171A patent/CA2585171A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-11-03 AT AT05801669T patent/ATE389809T1/en active
- 2005-11-03 MX MX2007005925A patent/MX2007005925A/en active IP Right Grant
-
2007
- 2007-04-26 IL IL182816A patent/IL182816A0/en unknown
- 2007-06-18 NO NO20073096A patent/NO20073096L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2007-11-13 HK HK07112392A patent/HK1106814A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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Legal Events
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PSEA | Patent sealed |