NZ543271A - An imitation cheese composition comprising rice farinaceous material, casein a fat source and a emulsification salt - Google Patents
An imitation cheese composition comprising rice farinaceous material, casein a fat source and a emulsification saltInfo
- Publication number
- NZ543271A NZ543271A NZ54327105A NZ54327105A NZ543271A NZ 543271 A NZ543271 A NZ 543271A NZ 54327105 A NZ54327105 A NZ 54327105A NZ 54327105 A NZ54327105 A NZ 54327105A NZ 543271 A NZ543271 A NZ 543271A
- Authority
- NZ
- New Zealand
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- cheese
- imitation cheese
- imitation
- casein
- Prior art date
Links
- 235000013351 cheese Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 255
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 135
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 44
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 27
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 241001598984 Bromius obscurus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229940100486 rice starch Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920000945 Amylopectin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 229940071162 caseinate Drugs 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000014121 butter Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940108461 rennet Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 108010058314 rennet Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000021243 milk fat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021116 parmesan Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 59
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 102000011632 Caseins Human genes 0.000 description 48
- 108010076119 Caseins Proteins 0.000 description 48
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 48
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 44
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 40
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
- 235000019587 texture Nutrition 0.000 description 28
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 24
- 240000002129 Malva sylvestris Species 0.000 description 21
- 235000006770 Malva sylvestris Nutrition 0.000 description 21
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 21
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 21
- 235000013550 pizza Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 19
- HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium citrate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 19
- 229940038773 trisodium citrate Drugs 0.000 description 19
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 14
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
- 229910000397 disodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 235000019800 disodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 9
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000019982 sodium hexametaphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H sodium hexametaphosphate Chemical compound [Na]OP1(=O)OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])O1 GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 5
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000013068 control sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 diluted acidulant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008172 hydrogenated vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000019871 vegetable fat Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013410 fast food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003278 mimic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001139 pH measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940075554 sorbate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000019640 taste Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- CHHHXKFHOYLYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt (1:1), (2E,4E)- Chemical compound [K+].CC=CC=CC([O-])=O CHHHXKFHOYLYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PXRKCOCTEMYUEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-aminoisoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound NC1=CC=C2C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1 PXRKCOCTEMYUEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014698 Brassica juncea var multisecta Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006008 Brassica napus var napus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000006618 Brassica rapa subsp oleifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000188595 Brassica sinapistrum Species 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019485 Safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010793 Steam injection (oil industry) Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005862 Whey Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000007544 Whey Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010046377 Whey Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004067 bulking agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940021722 caseins Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000001072 colon Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005687 corn oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002285 corn oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002385 cottonseed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021186 dishes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013355 food flavoring agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002314 glycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008173 hydrogenated soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000787 lecithin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010445 lecithin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003346 palm kernel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019865 palm kernel oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003359 percent control normalization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003904 phospholipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940068965 polysorbates Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004302 potassium sorbate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010241 potassium sorbate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940069338 potassium sorbate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000014059 processed cheese Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003813 safflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005713 safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001304 sample melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C19/00—Cheese; Cheese preparations; Making thereof
- A23C19/06—Treating cheese curd after whey separation; Products obtained thereby
- A23C19/068—Particular types of cheese
- A23C19/08—Process cheese preparations; Making thereof, e.g. melting, emulsifying, sterilizing
- A23C19/082—Adding substances to the curd before or during melting; Melting salts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C20/00—Cheese substitutes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Dairy Products (AREA)
Abstract
Disclosed is an imitation cheese product and method of making same. The imitation cheese of the present invention is advantageous as it has sufficient firmness that it is able to be shredded and at the same time has a Schreiber melt value greater than about 3.0. The imitation cheese comprises up to about 45% casein substitution with a native rice starch or rice flour containing less than 90% amylopectin and has a moisture content of at least 45%.
Description
543271
NEW ZEALAND PATENTS ACT, 1953
No:
Date: 28 October 2005
intellectual property office of n.z.
3 0 OCT 2006
RECEIVE
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
DAIRY PRODUCT AND PROCESS
We, MARTHA ELIZABETH DUENASj ACO, a Mexican citizen oflsla Mexcaltitan 4722-9, Parques Colon, CP45081 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; IGNACIO MORFIN OTERO, a Mexican citizen of Bosques de los Cerdos 6, Las Canadas C.P. 45132, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico; and MARIA DE LOS ANGELES RODRIGUEZ GONZALEZ, a Mexican citizen of 7D Atkin Ave, Mission Bay, Auckland, New Zealand, do hereby declare the invention for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:
- / -
2
DAIRY PRODUCT AND PROCESS
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to an imitation cheese product and a method of making same particularly although by no means exclusively to a block imitation cheese that can be cut, grated, shredded or sliced.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Imitation cheeses are made with a reduced amount of butterfat and/or casein protein but supposedly resemble natural or processed cheese in appearance, taste, texture and nutrition. The cost savings involved in replaced expensive butterfat and/or casein protein with less expensive substitutes such as starch, gum, vegetable, oil etc, provides the incentive to industry to produce such imitation cheeses. A growing market is in the fast food industry, for example in the productions of a grated imitation cheese product for use in the pizza industry.
However, to date no suitable imitation cheese product has been produced which has the necessary functionality, specifically in terms of hardness (to enable the cheese to be cut, sliced, grated or shredded) whilst retaining the required melt characteristics. Replacement of butterfat and/or casein protein with starch, gum or vegetable oil etc has resulted in imitation cheese products that have the desired hardness (usually achieved by adding starch) to be able to be grated or sliced but which have no or poor melt, or which have the desired melt characteristics (usually achieved by increasing moisture content) but which have decreased hardness and cannot be grated or sliced.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an imitation cheese product that has the combination of desirable hardness and melt properties and/or to provide the public with a useful choice.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In a first aspect, the present invention provides an imitation cheese composition comprising:
3
a) moisture in an amount that is at least 45% by weight of the composition;
b) rice farinaceous material in an amount that is at least 5% by weight of the composition;
c) casein or caseinate in an amount of at least 5% by weight of the composition;
d) a fat source that is at least 10% by weight of the composition;
e) a emulsification salt that is at least 0.01% by weight of the composition; and f) optionally one or more GRAS ingredients selected from one or more flavour ingredients that are natural or artificial, one or more natural or artificial colours, one or more preservatives, one or more acidulants and one or more bulking or texturising agents;
wherein the composition is sufficiently firm that it can be sliced, cut, shredded or grated and wherein the composition has a Schreiber melt value of at least 3.0.
The moisture content of the composition may be at least 50%, preferably at least 55% and more preferably at least 60% by weight of the composition.
The rice farinaceous material may be selected from native rice starch or native rice flour having less than 90% amylopectin, preferably less than 85% amylopectin.
The rice farinaceous material may be present in an amount calculated to replace at least 20% of the casein or caseinate that would be present in an equivalent non-imitation cheese product.
Preferably the rice farinaceous material may be present in an amount to replace at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40% or at least 45% of casein or caseinate that would be present in an equivalent non-imitation cheese product.
The casein or caseinate may be present in the composition in an amount of at least 10%, at least 15% or at least 20% by weight of the composition. The casein is preferably rennet casein.
The fat source may be selected from the group comprising of cream, double cream, butter, anhydrous milk fat (AMF), liquefied fresh frozen milk fat or recombining (FFMR), and a non dairy fat such as vegetable oil.
4
The emulsification salt may be selected from a mono, di or polyvalent cationic citrate or phosphate salt.
Optionally one or more additional GRAS (Generally Regarded as Safe) ingredients may be present in the composition. A list of GRAS ingredients is available in Food Chemical Codex (4th edition) or from the FDA or WHO.
A preferred flavour ingredient is a cheese flavour that may be selected from the group consisting of enzyme modified cheese (EMC), enzyme modified lactile products, synthetic or artificial cheese flavourings, lipolysed dairy flavours, dairy/cheese top notes and dairy/cheese push notes depending on the type of cheese that the imitation cheese is intended to mimic. The imitation cheese is preferably a mozzarella, cheddar, parmesan or Colby cheese.
The composition may preferably be grated or shredded. The composition may preferably be a grated or shredded mozzarella cheese.
The Schreiber melt value of the composition of the invention may be at least 3.5, at least 4.0, at least 4.5 or at least 5.0.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing an imitation cheese composition comprising the steps:
a) combining casein or caseinate, rice farinaceous material, fat, water, at least one emulsification salt, and optionally one or more GRAS ingredients;
b) heating to about 50°C to melt the fat;
c) cooking the mixture of step b) at between about 70°C and 85°C for between 30 seconds and 5 minutes;
d) cooling the cooked mixture of step c) to form a solidified mass; and e) passing the cooled solidified mass of step d) through a device that will cut, shred, grate or slice the imitation cheese composition.
Preferably step a) comprises combining at least 5% by weight casein or caseinate; at least 5% by weight rice farinaceous material; at least 45% by weight water; at least 10% by weight fat; at least 0.01% by weight of emulsification salt; and optionally one or more GRAS ingredients.
Step c) may be carried out at between about 72°C and 80°C for between 2 and 5 minutes, preferably between 75°C and 78°C for between 3 and 4 minutes and more preferably at 75°C for 4 minutes.
The present invention is also directed to an imitation cheese product produced by the process of the invention.
By "comprising" is meant consisting at least in part of, that is to say when interpreting independent claims including that term, the features prefaced by that term in each claim all need to be present but other features can also be present.
The present invention will now be described with reference to the figures of the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 shows the percentage of original sample left behind in the shredder of control and of imitation cheeses of the invention at a 30% level of substitution;
Figure 2 shows the fines (as a % of shred) of the control and of imitation cheeses of the invention at a 30% level of substitution;
Figure 3 shows the percentage of original sample left behind in the shredder of control and of imitation cheeses of the invention at a 20% level of substitution;
Figure 4 shows the fines (as a % of shred) of the control and of imitation cheeses of the invention at a 30% level of substitution;
Figure 5 shows the Schreiber melt values for control and for imitation cheeses of the invention at a 30% level of substitution;
Figure 6 shows the Schreiber melt values for control and for imitation cheeses of the invention at a 20% level of substitution;
intellectual property office of n.z
19 OCT 2007
RECEIVED
6
Figure 7 shows the peak force (firmness) results for control and for imitation cheeses of the invention at a 30% level of substitution;
Figure 8 shows the Schrieber melt value of imitation cheese having a 30% level of substitution with rice flour or rice starch and SHMP as emulsification salt; and
Figures 9 to 11 show the effect of different emulsification salts on the melting characteristics of imitation cheeses of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to an imitation cheese composition that is high in moisture and has a high casein substitution level yet has similar hardness and melt characteristics as an equivalent pasteurized process cheese. The composition of the present invention is particularly useful as it has sufficient hardness that it can be cut, grated, shredded, or sliced. The resultant cut, grated, shredded or sliced imitation cheese products have a Schreiber melt value of at least 3.0. The compositions of the present invention are particularly useful in the fast food industry. For example, a grated cheese product having the necessary melt characteristics is particularly useful for pizza toppings.
To date imitation cheeses have not been successfully commercially produced. This is because the replacement of casein and/or butterfat with starch, gum and/or vegetable oil in an imitation cheese results in a loss of important functional characteristics, specifically with respect to melt and texture (or firmness). Usually, the better the melt, the poorer the texture so that an imitation cheese with good melt is unable to be cut, sliced, grated or shredded. Conversely, an imitation cheese with a good texture (or firmness) which is able to be cut, sliced, grated or shredded has poor or no melt. This problem appears to be due to the composition of the imitation cheese. For example, it is known that melt characteristics of an imitation cheese may be improved by increasing the moisture content of the composition, however, an increase in moisture content is usually associated with a decrease in hardness (Hennelly et al, 2005 Journal of European Food Research and Technolgoy 220 (3-4), pp415-420). The hardness of an imitation cheese can be increased by increasing the starch content, however, an increase in starch content is usually associated with a decrease in melt Mounsey and O'Riordan, Journal of Food Science 64: 4,701-703,1999).
7
It has surprisingly been found that an imitation cheese which has a high moisture content (and therefore good melt characteristics) and is firm enough to be cut/sliced/grated or shredded may be produced by replacing at least 20% of casein with a rice farinaceous material having less than about 90% amylopectin content and by carrying out the cooking step under relatively narrow conditions. To produce a hard block cheese suitable for cutting, slicing, shredding or grating, the cooking conditions are carried out at a relatively "low" temperature range (70-85°C) for a relatively "short" period of time (30 seconds to 5 minutes).
Without being bound by theory, it is thought that the combination of the specific composition (high moisture and high substitution with a rice farinaceous material) together with the specific processing conditions (low temperature for short duration) that is responsible for producing the imitation cheese products of the invention. The imitation cheese products of the present invention are superior over the prior art imitation cheese products as they have the desirable melt and firmness characteristics and are therefore suitable for large scale product and commercialisation.
Specifically, the present invention provides an imitation cheese composition comprising:
a) moisture in an amount that is at least 45% by weight of the composition;
b) rice farinaceous material in an amount of at least 5% by weight of the composition;
c) casein or caseinate in an amount of at least 5% by weight of the composition;
d) a fat source that is at least 10% by weight of the composition;
e) at least one emulsification salt that is at least 0.01% by weight of the composition; and f) optionally one or more GRAS ingredients;
wherein the composition is sufficiently firm that it can be sliced, cut, shredded or grated and wherein the composition has a Schreiber melt value of at least 3.0.
The amount of casein or caseinate that can be substituted by a rice farinaceous material is from about 20-45%, preferably from 20-40%, more preferably from 20-35% and most preferably from 20-30%. As a result, the imitation cheese composition of the invention is low in protein leading to reduced manufacturing costs. Manufacturing costs are further reduced by the high moisture content of the imitation cheese composition of the invention.
8
The imitation cheese compositions of the present invention possess a smooth, creamy and dairy-like mouthfeel with a texture, firmness and melt similar to that of pasteurised process cheese.
More specifically, the imitation cheese compositions of the invention have a textural character such that the average peak force (N) of the composition at 5°C using a TA-HD Texture Analyser is between 150 and 200 N. In addition, the imitation cheese compositions of the invention have a Schreiber melt value of at least 3.0, preferably at least 3.5, at least 4.0, at least 4.5 or at least 5.0.
Moisture is present in the imitation cheese composition in an amount greater than 45% by weight, preferably greater than 50% by weight, greater than 55% by weight or greater than 60% by weight. The moisture may be added to the composition as water, diluted acidulant, whey or any other suitable potable liquid.
Rice farinaceous material for use in the imitation cheese composition of the present invention includes any native rice starch or rice flour containing native rice starch having an amylopectin content of less than 90%, preferably less than 85%, or a mixture thereof. Preferred rice flours include M01080, M01120 and GM00080 (available from Sage V Food, Treeport, Texas, USA); 2281 (medium ground), 3500 (fine ground) (both available from Sun Rice - Leeton, NSW 2705, Australia). Preferred native rice starch includes Remy DR7-111 and Remy AX-DR (both available from Remy Industries NV - Remylaan 4, Leuven-Wijgmaal, Belgium).
The rice farinaceous material may be present in an amount of up to about 10% of the composition, preferably between about 5% and 7.5% of the composition.
The casein or caseinate may be present in the imitation cheese composition of the invention in an amount from about 5% to about 30%, preferably from about 10% to about 25% and most preferably from about 15 to 20%. Preferably the casein is rennet casein. Suitable commercially available sources of rennet casein include ALAREN 711, ALACO 6804, DSE 5275, and DSE 5267 (all available from Fonterra Cooperative Group Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand).
The fat source may be selected from an animal or vegetable origin, or mixtures thereof and may be liquid or solid at room temperature (21°C). The fat source may be selected from the group
9
consisting of lard, butter, cream, double cream, anhydrous milk fat (AMF), liquified fresh frozen milk fat for recombining (FFMR), fully saturated vegetable oils, partially hydrogenated vegetable oils, non-hydrogenated vegetable oils, soybean oil, sunflower oil, olive oil, canola (rapeseed) oil, cottonseed oil, coconut oil, palm kernel oil, corn oil, butterfat, safflower oil and mixture thereof. Examples of preferred fats include butter and partially hydrogenated vegetable oil, soybean oil or a mixture thereof. In some embodiments, the fat source may include butterfat to improve the flavour of the imitation cheese composition.
In general, the fat is present in an amount sufficient to create a desired texture and consistency of the imitation cheese composition. Generally, the fat is present in an amount of at least 10% by weight of the composition, preferably from between about 15% and about 25% by weight, more preferably between about 20% and 25% by weight.
The one or more emulsification salts are preferably selected from mono, di or polyvalent cationic citrate or phosphate salts, sodium steoryl lactylate, glycerol esters, acid pyrophosphate, fatty acid esters such as polysorbates, phospholipids such as lecithins, and mixture thereof. Suitable commercially available emulsification salts include trisodium citrate (TSC), lactylate, Joha PZ7, sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) and disodium phosphate (DSP).
In general, the emulsification salts are present in an amount sufficient to disperse the fat evenly throughout the composition in an emulsified form. The emulsification salts are present in the imitation cheese composition in an amount that is at least 0.01% by weight of the composition, preferably between at least 0.05% and 2.5% by weight, preferably around 0.1% by weight.
Optionally, the imitation cheese composition of the invention may comprise one or more GRAS ingredients selected from one or more flavours, colours, preservatives, texturising agents, bulking agents, acidulants, etc as would be appreciated by a skilled worker.
Particularly preferred GRAS ingredients include a cheese flavour which imparts a characteristic savoury cheesy taste to the composition. Suitable cheese flavours are known in the art and include enzyme modified cheese (EMC), enzyme modified lactile products, synthetic or artificial cheese
flavourings; synthetic or artificial cheese flavourings, lipolysed dairy flavours, dairy/cheese top notes and dairy cheese push notes.
Additional flavouring agents such as salt and citric or lactic acid (which also acts as an acidulant) may also be added.
The final imitation cheese flavour will depend upon the type of cheese that the imitation cheese composition is intended to mimic. Preferably the imitation cheese of the present invention corresponds to a mozzarella, parmesan, cheddar or colby cheese.
The imitation cheese composition of the present invention is preferably a grated or shredded mozzarella which is useful as a topping for pizzas.
The imitation cheese composition of the present invention may be manufactured by mixing together all of the ingredients and heating under shear to a first temperature of about 50°C to ensure that the fat is melted. Alternatively, the dry ingredients may be added to a pre-heated water and pre-melted fat. Once the fat is melted and all of the ingredients have been mixed together under shear, the mixture is heated to a cooking temperature of between 70°C and 85°C for between 30 seconds and 5 minutes and cooled to form a solidified mass. The hot cooked mixture may be formed into any shape, such as a block, ribbon etc and cooled by submerging in cold water, by refrigerating or by extruding onto a cold plate. The solidified mass of imitation cheese of the invention is preferably passed through a device that will slice, cut, grate or shred the imitation cheese product.
Preferably the solidified mass of imitation cheese is cooled to at least about 15°C, preferably less than 10°C before it is sliced, cut, grated or shredded.
Any type of process cheese type cooker may be used in the process of the present invention. For example, a lay-down Blentech type or a higher sheer vertical axis Stephan type. Heating may be conducted using indirect means (e.g. convection) or directly via steam injection, or a combination of both. The cooking devices may be operated at above atmospheric pressure.
11
The solidified mass of imitation cheese or the cut/sliced/grated or shredded imitation cheese may be rapidly frozen in a blast freezer to below -10°C, preferably below -18°C before or after packaging.
Alternatively, the solidified mass of imitation cheese or the cut/sliced/grated or shredded imitation cheese may be packaged and stored in chilled conditions, preferably below 5°C, and preferably in an atmosphere that will minimise spoilage.
This invention may also be said broadly to consist in the parts, elements and features referred to or indicated in the specification of the application, individually or collectively, and any or all combinations of any two or more said parts, elements or features, and where specific integers are mentioned herein which have known equivalents in the art to which this invention relates, such known equivalents are deemed to be incorporated herein as if individually set forth.
The invention consists in the foregoing and also envisages constructions of which the following gives examples only.
EXAMPLES
Example 1: The effect of cooking on the functionality (firmness/shredability and melt) of samples in which 30% of the rennet casein has been replaced with rice flour.
Rice flour - M01080 (Sage V Foods, Freeport, Texas 77541, USA), was used as a substitute for casein in this example.
12
Sample cheese batches of about 3 kg each were prepared using the following formulations.
Control cheese % w/w
Casein (ALAREN 771)
27.94
Water
44.10
Butter
.53
Joha PZ7 melting salts
0.79
Citric Acid
0.93
Salt
0.51
K-Sorbate
0.20
100
Imitation cheese
(30% substitution levels)
% w/w
Casein (ALAREN 771)
19.66
Water
44.33
Butter
.66
Joha PZ7 melting salts
0.55
Citric Acid
0.65
Salt
0.51
K-Sorbate
0.20
Rice Flour (MO 1080)
8.42
100
Manufacturing Process:
Using a 5 kg twin screw mixer/cooker (CCIO, Blentech Corporation, Rohnert Park, California
944927, USA) and indirect heating (steam jacket) with steam at 2 bar, the following steps were carried out:
• warm water (40 - 45°C) was added to the Blentech cooker to dissolve the citric acid, emulsifying salts and preservatives, and mixed at high speed (10/10) for ~1 min;
• the powders (protein + rice flour) were added and the slurry and mixed for 3 minutes at high speed (10/10);
• melted fat (35 - 40°C) was added and mixed for 1 min at high speed (10/10);
• the mixture was heated up to a cook temperature (of 72°C, 75°C, 80°C or 85°C) on medium speed (7/10);
• the speed was reduced to low (4/10) with mixing for 4 min or until the casein had reacted;
13
• the cheese was kneaded out of the machine for about 2 minutes, and put into plastic containers;
• the containers were placed into a chilled water bath (2 hours) and refrigerated for at least 24 hours before evaluation.
Sample evaluation:
Samples were evaluated 2 days after manufacture, for pH, moisture content, texture, hardness (shredability) and melt.
pH was measured using a Schott M48 probe.
Moisture was measured using the oven method where the sample is heated for 16 hours at 105°C.
The texture of the samples was evaluated using a TA-HD texture analyser (Stable Micro Systems, Godalming, England) with single compression at 5°C. Table 1 shows the testing parameters.
Table 1 Instrument settings
Pre test speed
0.83 mrn/s
Trigger
Auto
type
Test speed
0.83 mm/s
Force
0.1 N
Post test speed
mm/s
Distance
88%
Units
Load cell
50 kg
Force
Newtons
Distance
% strain
Acquisition rate
50 pps
Cheese was stored at 4°C before 30 x 30x 30 mm cubes of the cheese were cut and weighed (at 10°C). The cubes were shredded using a Zyliss (Switzerland) electric shredder, with 5 mm perforations. The shredded cheese was separated (by hand using tweezers) into fines (< 10mm) and good shreds (> 10mm long), and each group was weighed.
Wastage (%) = 100 x (cube weight - shred weight) / cube weight Fines (%) = 100 x (shred weight — good shred) / shred weight
14
Where:
Cube weight is the weight of the original cube (30 x 30x 30 mm).
Shred weight is the total of all materials that came out of the shredder.
Good shred is the shred that is over 10mm.
Results:
All samples contained between 50.2% to 50.7% moisture.
Control cheese pH - 5.63 average.
Rice flour cheese pH - 5.68-5.71.
The control cheese had the least amount of wastage upon shredding (i.e. cheese left behind in the shredder). For cheese samples containing rice flour, the amount of wastage appeared to increase as the cooking temperature increased.
The proportion of the shred that was "fines" was generally higher in the control cheese sample, and appeared variable or to decrease as the cooking temperature was increased in samples containing rice flour.
Shredding was acceptable for all imitation cheese samples when carried out at low temperatures (i.e. 4-5°C/out of chilled storage).
Quantitative shredding results:
The results of the shredding are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Shredding results
Sample Substitution level
Cube weight g
Shred weight g
Good shred g
Wastage %
Fines % of shred
Control
0%
27.3
26.3
.6
3.66
21.67
MO 1080 72°C
%
29.2
27.6
21.2
.48
23.19
MO 1080 75°C
%
28.5
24.9
.2
12.63
18.88
MO 1080 80°C
%
29.6
24.6
21.0
16.89
14.63
MO 1080 85°C
%
33.6
27.2
24.0
19.05
11.84
control
0%
.2
28.0
21.0
7.19
.03
MO 1080 72°C
%
32.0
27.3
23.4
14.69
14.29
MO 1080 75°C
%
29.7
26.5
22.6
.77
14.72
MO 1080 80°C
%
.2
26.6
21.4
11.92
19.55
MO 1080 85°C
%
32.6
27.5
21.5
.64
21.82
The shredded cheese was tested for its melt properties.
40g of shredded cheese was placed in a glass dish (90 mm diameter) and placed in a convection oven on fan bake, at 232°C for 10 minutes.
The samples were evaluated for:
• Melting behaviour (speed of melting, blistering);
• Browning;
• Stretchability; and
• Oil-off, ie free fat on the surface.
Melt/Stretch Results
Table 3 Summary of melting and stretching results
Substitution
Blister
Sample level
Stretch coverage Browning coverage
Oil-off
mm
%
%
control
0%
>400
40
more free oil
MO 1080 72°C
%
220
100
not very much
M01080 75°C
%
170
100
60
not very much
MO 1080 80°C
%
280
100
not very much
MO 1080 85°C
%
240
100
not very much control
%
500
55
quite a lot
MO 1080 72°C
%
250
100
2
very little
16
Conclusion
The imitation cheese made with 30% casein substituted by rice flour produced a very firm block that could easily be shredded, at all cooking conditions tested (72°C-85°C for 4 minutes). The shredded imitation cheeses also had very good melt characteristics and acceptable stretch. Thus, the imitation cheese of the present invention is suitable for large scale commercial production.
Example 2: The effects of freeze/thaw process on the functionality of imitation cheese samples made with varying emulsification salts.
Materials and Methods:
The following blocks of cheese (approximately 2kg each) were made according to the method described in example 1, using the cooking conditions of 75°C for 4 minutes and varying the emulsification salts as follows:
• Control 1 (no rice flour, Joha PZ7 emulsification salts);
• Control 2 (30% substitution with MO 1080, Joha PZ7 emulsification salts);
• T100 (30% substitution with M01080, Joha replaced by TSC)
• T60:40 (30% substitution with M01080, Joha replaced by TSC and DSP in 60:40 ratio).
Each block was cut in half. One half of each block was kept at 4°C. The other half of each block was placed in a plastic zip-lock bag and put into a blast freezer (-30°C) for 6 hours. After this time they were frozen solid, and were placed into a cool room at approximately -20°C for a further 24 hours. They were then thawed at 4°C for approximately 42 hours.
The cheeses were 6 days old when placed into the blast freezer, and 9 days old when evaluated. Each sample was evaluated using a pizza melt/stretch test, the Schreiber melt test (6 replicates for each sample), and a shred test.
17
Results The results of the shred test are summarised in Table 5, below
Table 5. Shred results.
wastage
Fines
%
StDev
% of shred
StDev
Control 1 (4°C)
3.8
1.8
24.6
3.0
Control 1 (frz/thaw)
6.0
3.6
19.5
0.1
Control 2 (4°C)
11.8
1.7
9.1
0.1
Control 2 (frz/thaw)
17.6
2.8
14.7
1.9
T100(4°C)
11.0
2.5
8.2
3.0
T100 (frz/thaw)
12.7
3.3
.4
0.4
T60:40 (4°C)
11.3
2.6
18.4
11.4
T60:40 (frz/thaw)
13.1
.1
.1
1.4
• Control 1 (no rice flour) had less wastage (un-shredded product left in the shredder) than samples containing rice flour (30% substitution). Samples containing rice flour have similar wastage.
• Control 1 has a greater proportion of fines (<1 cm length) in the shred than samples containing rice flour. Samples containing rice flour appear to have variable but similar fines in the shred.
• The freeze/thaw cycle may have slightly increased the wastage in all samples (including the control)
• The effect of the freeze/thaw cycle did not impact on the overall shredability of the control or imitation cheese samples.
Schreiber melt test
The Schreiber melt test is described in full in example 3, below.
18
The results are summarised in Table 6, below: Table 6 Schreiber test results.
Sample
Melt Characteristics Including Schreiber mean melt values fSDl
Stretch
Oil off
Control 1 (4°C, no rice flour)
Single piece, melted nicely
4.1 [0.37]
Up to 10 cm with fork, 25 cm when pulled apart pizza
A little
Control 1 (frz/thaw, no rice flour)
Single piece, melted nicely
4.8 [0.31]
Up to 10 cm with fork, 25 cm when pulled apart pizza
A bit less than corresponding unfrozen sample
Control 2 (4°C)
Retains shred identity 3.7 [0.59]
Very little with fork (cheese is stiff). 20-25 cm when pulled apart pizza
Similar to unfrozen Control 1
Control 2 (frz/thaw)
Retains shred identity 3.9 [0.56]
Very little with fork (cheese is stiff). 20-25 cm when pulled apart pizza
Similar to unfrozen Control 1
• Samples that had been frozen appeared to have a slightly greater average melt radius than samples stored at 4°C.
• Samples containing TSC or TSC and DSP had a greater average melt radius than Control 2 (Joha PZ7 emulsifying salts).
• Samples containing only TSC as emulsifying salts had a greater average melt radius than control 1 (no rice flour).
• Overall all of the samples had acceptable melt properties which were similar or better than the control.
19
Pizza melt test:
The results are summarised in Table 7, below: Table 7: Pizza Melt Test
T100(4°C)
Less shred identity than Control 2 (midway between Control 1 & Control 2)
4.7 [0.56]
Up to 20 cm with fork. Good stretch when pulled pizza apart
Very little
T100 (frz/thaw)
Less shred identity than Control 2 (midway between Control 1 & Control
2)
.0 [0.44]
Up to 20 cm with fork. Good stretch when pulled pizza apart
Very little
T60:40 (4°C)
Less shred identity than Control 2 (midway between Control 1 & Control
2)
4.4 [0.31]
-10 cm on fork. Good stretch when pulled pizza apart
A little
T60:40 (frz/thaw)
Less shred identity than Control 2 (midway between Control 1 & Control 2)
4.5 [0.53]
cm on fork. Good stretch when pulled pizza apart
Very little
[SD] = standard deviation
• The freeze/thaw cycle did not affect the melt or stretch of any of the samples. It may possibly have a small effect in reducing oil off in frozen/thawed samples.
• Samples with TSC or TSC and DSP melted better (retained less shred identity) than Control 2 (made with Joha PZ7 emulsifying salts).
• The stretch of samples made with TSC was better than samples made with TSC and DSP, and is similar to Controls 1 & 2.
• Overall all of the samples had acceptable melt stretch and oil off characteristics which were very similar to the control.
Conclusion
The imitation cheese of the invention (having 30% of casein substituted by rice flour) had excellent hardness and melt characteristics compared to a control cheese. Freezing did not adversely effect the functionality of the imitation cheese of the invention.
The use of an all TSC emulsifying salt formulation gave the best results with respect to melt and shred and gave very good fat retention. The TSC samples had Schreiber melts greater than the control (without flour substituted).
The imitation cheese of the invention is suitable for large scale commercial production.
Example 3: testing different rice flours at different levels of substitution an the functional characteristics of the imitation cheese.
Method and Materials
Table 8 shows the design of the trials with various starches and levels of substitution. Table 8. Details of samples
Sample Rice flour Rice flour Rice flour type substitution manufacturer level
A (control) 0% N/A N/A
B 30% SageV MO 1080
C 30% SageV GM00080
D 30% SunRice 2281 (medium ground)
E 30% SunRice 3500 (fine ground)
F (control) 0% N/A N/A
G 20% SunRice 2281 (medium ground)
H 20% SunRice 3500 (fine ground)
21
Formulations:
Batches of 5kg were prepared for each formulation according to the recipes of Table 9, below:
Table 9. Formulations
Control (no starch)
% replacement of casein
% replacement of casein
% w/w g
% w/w g
% w/w g
Water
48.13
2406.5
46.12
2306
47.28
2364
Vegetable fat
21.5
1075
23.67
1183.5
22.52
1126
ALAREN 771
27.94
1397
19.76
988
22.49
1124.5
Rice flour
8.47
423.5
.62
281
Joha PZ7
0.79
39.5
TSC
0.45
22.5
0.5
DSP
0.11
.5
0.13
6.5
Citric acid
0.93
46.5
0.7
0.75
37.5
Salt
0.51
.5
0.52
26
0.51
.5
Potassium sorbate
0.2
0.2
0.2
Total
100%
5000
100%
5000
100%
5000
The vegetable fat was hydrogenated soya fat Kristal 81 from Agydsa, Mexico with a melting point of 37°C.
Manufacturing Process:
The imitation cheese samples were prepared using indirect heating (steam jacket) in a Blentech cooker as described in example 1 with steam at 30 psi. Mixing speeds are specific to the equipment at M&I. The following steps were carried out:
• warm water (40 - 45°C) was added to the Blentech machine to dissolve the citric acid, emulsifying salts and preservatives and mixed at high speed (9/10) for ~1 min;
• the powders (protein + rice flour) were added and the slurry mixed for 3 minutes at high speed (9/10);
22
• melted fat, (35 - 40°C) was added and the mixture stirred for 1 min at medium speed (7/10);
• the mixture was heated to 75°C on medium speed (7/10);
• the speed was reduced to low (3/10) with mixing for 4 min or until casein had reacted;
• the cheese was kneaded out of the machine for about 2 minutes, and put it into plastic containers, into a chilled water bath for 2 hours and then refrigerated for at least 24 hours before evaluation.
Sample Evaluation:
The samples were evaluated between 6-8 days after manufacture for pH, moisture content, texture hardness (shredability) and melt as described in example 1, above. In addition, a Schreiber melt test was carried out as described below:
Schreiber Melt Test
The L. D. Schreiber melt test is a well-known and accepted standardized test for determining the melt properties of cheese. The test uses a kitchen oven and a standardized piece of cheese, and measures the size of the cheese piece after it is melted. The instructions for the procedure, as used in the following tests, are as follows:
1 Preheat oven to 450degree F. (232.2°C).
2. Slice cheese 3/16 thick (5 mm). If cheese is already sliced, use 2-3 slices to get closest to the 3/16 thickness.
3. Cut a circle out of the cheese slice using a copper sampler with a diameter of 39.5 mm.
4. Centre the cheese circle in a thin wall 15*100 mm Petri dish, cover and place on the centre rack of the oven. Do this quickly so the oven temperature does not drop below 400.degree. F. (204.4°C) ;5. Bake for 5 minutes and remove. Up to 4 dishes may be done at the same time. ;6. Once cooled, the melt is measured on the score sheet. ;The score sheet comprises a series of concentric circles with increasing diameters. The first circle has a diameter of 40.0 mm. Each succeeding circle is 6.5 mm larger is diameter. The melted cheese receives a score of 1 if it fills the first circle, a score of 2 if it fills the second circle, etc. As used ;23 ;herein, the scores include a "+" (or indicating that the cheese was slightly larger (or smaller) than the indicated score ring. A cheese with an acceptable Schreiber melt test will score 3 or above. ;Results and Discussion ;Processing ;Table 10 below, shows the processing conditions used. Table 10. Processing data. ;Sample ;Details ;Temperature at start of heating ;Time to reach 75°C (mintsec) ;Product ready (mintsec after heating began) ;A ;Control ;45.4°C ;3:50 ;7:45 ;B ;SageV MO 1080 ;41.9°C ;7:00 ;8:00 ;C ;SageV GM00080 ;44.2°C ;6:10 ;7:45 ;D ;SunRice 2281 (medium) ;44.9°C ;6:10 ;7:30 ;E ;SunRice 3500 (fine) ;42.5°C ;6:20 ;7:00 ;F ;Control ;42.6°C ;5:22 ;9:00 ;G ;SunRice 2281 (medium) ;43.2°C ;6:30 ;7:30 ;H ;SunRice 3500 (fine) ;44.5°C ;4:54 ;7:30 ;Although the time to reach 75°C will depend somewhat on the temperature at the start of heating, the control formulation heated faster than formulations containing rice flour. This is probably due to the increased viscosity that the rice flour gives to the mixture in the cooker. Despite being slower to heat, formulations containing rice flour were ready (casein almost fully reacted) in approximately the same time or slightly less time than the control formulation. There does not appear to be any differences in the way different rice flours behave during processing. ;24 ;Moisture & pH ;The results of the pH measurements and moisture determinations are shown in Table 11: ;Table 11. Moisture and pH of samples ;Moisture ;Sample ;(%) ;pH ;A ;50.38 ;5.62 ;B ;48.37 ;5.73 ;C ;48.24 ;5.70 ;D ;48.38 ;5.62 ;E ;48.44 ;5.60 ;F ;50.43 ;5.50 ;G ;50.00 ;5.73 ;H ;49.67 ;5.63 ;The control sample had a higher moisture content than the imitation cheese samples with 30% replacement of casein. At 30% replacement of casein, the pH of the samples containing SageV rice flours (B & C) was slightly higher (~0.1 units) than the control and samples containing SunRice rice flours (A, D & E). This may be the result of normal variability, or could be due to the flour itself. Moisture and pH should be considered when comparing functionality. ;Shred ;1.30% Level of Substitution ;Figure 1 shows that the samples containing SunRice rice flours (D & E) left behind a similar amount of sample in the shredder as the sample containing SageV MO 1080, (B) which was significantly more than for the control (A) or SageV GM0080 (C) samples. The sample containing finely ground SunRice sample 3500 (E) had a similar floury/dry feel to the control (A) and SageV GM0080 (C) samples. The samples containing SageV MO 1080 (B) and SunRice medium 2281 (D) also felt similar (stickier and not dry). ;The samples described as feeling "floury/dry" during the shredding test (control, A C & E) also had the higher percentages of fines, (see Figure 2). ;2.20% Level of Substitution ;25 ;At the lower casein replacement level, the SunRice 2281 (medium) sample (G) showed a similar amount of sample left in the shredder as seen at 30% replacement. However, the SunRice 3500 (fine) sample (H) showed a significant reduction compared to 30% replacement, and was similar to the control (F) (see Figure 3). ;The lower casein replacement level did not appear to affect the percentage of fines when the samples were shredded (see figure 4). Similar to the samples at 30% replacement of casein, the SunRice 2281 (medium) sample (G) had less fines than the control, and the SunRice 3500 (fine) sample (H) had slightly more fines than the control. ;Melt on pizza base ;Table 12 summarises the results for the pizza application; ;Table 12. Evaluation of samples melted on a pizza base (250°C/5 min) ;Sample ;Browning ;Blisters ;Fork stretch ;Pull apart stretch ;Oil-off ;A B C D E ;None 2 small patches 1 small patch 1 small patch 1 small patch ;None None None None None ;>30 cm >30 cm, stringy ~20 cm, stringy 15-20 cm, stringy 20-25 cm, stringy ;>30 cm ~25 cm ~5 cm 5-10 cm ~10 cm ;Very little Very little Very little Very little Very little ;F ;None ;None ;-40 cm ;~30 cm ;Very little ;G H ;None 1 small patch ;Around edges Two ;~30 cm, stringy ;25-30 cm, less stringy ;~20 cm -20 cm ;A little A little ;The control samples stretched without forming strings. Samples containing rice flour were stringy (multiple strands) when stretched. At 30% replacement of casein, the sample containing SageV MO 1080 (B) was the closest to the control. ;At 20% replacement of casein, both samples containing SunRice rice flour (G, H) performed better than at 30% replacement. The oil-off was slightly increased compared to the samples at 30% replacement. ;26 ;All samples containing rice flour (i.e. both 20% and 30% replacement) retained the shape of the cubes of cheese after they were removed from the oven. However, the sample containing SageV MO 1080 (B) showed some areas that melted together in a similar way to the control. ;Schreiber Melt ;At 30% replacement of casein, all samples containing rice flour showed better or at least similar spread radius compared to the control (see figure 5). The sample containing SageV MO 1080 (B) showed the greatest melt, followed by the SageV GM00080 (C) and SunRice 3500 (fine) (E). The sample containing SunRice 2281 (medium) (D) showed similar melt to the control. All samples had a Schreiber melt value above 3.0. ;Schreiber melt at 20% replacement of casein was similar to the results seen at 30% replacement (see Figure 6). The sample containing SunRice 2281 (medium) (G) was similar to the control (F), and the sample containing SunRice 3500 (fine) (H) had a greater spread radius than the control. All samples had a Schreiber melt value above 3.0. ;Texture Analysis ;Peak force (or firmness) of control and imitation cheeses at a 30% substitution level are shown in figure 7. The control sample (A) had a slightly higher average peak force than all other samples. The sample containing SageV GM00080 rice flour (C) had a higher firmness than the sample containing MO 1080 (B). The samples containing SunRice rice flours (D +E) had similar firmness to the samples containing SageV rice flours (B + C). The sample containing SunRice 3500 (fine) (E) had a slightly higher firmness (and similar to sample (C)) than the sample containing SunRice 2281 (medium) (D). However, all of the imitation cheese samples of the present invention (B-E) had a peak force of between 150-175, which was of sufficient firmness to be cut, sliced, grated or shredded. ;Conclusions ;• All samples containing rice flour had a Schreiber melt value of at least 3.0 and, in fact, melted better than the control sample. ;27 ;• The peak force (firmness) of all of the imitation cheese samples was slightly less than control but sufficient for grating and far superior to prior art imitation cheeses of similar melt. ;• The imitation cheese substituted at a level of 20% or 30% level rice flour provide a superior block cheese product that has excellent hardness and melt characteristics. These imitation cheeses are suitable for large scale commercial productions. The grated imitation cheese product of the invention is suitable for use in the pizza industry. ;Example 4: testing different casein samples with 20% and 30% substitution with M01080 and MO 1120 rice flour. ;28 ;Methods and Materials ;Table 13 shows the design of the trails with various caseins with 20% and 30% levels of substitution with two rice flours. ;Sample ;Casein ;Rice flour substitution level ;Rice flour type ;A (control) ;ALACO 6804 ;0% ;N/A ;B ;ALACO 6804 ;20% ;M01080 ;C ;ALACO 6804 ;30% ;M01080 ;D ;ALACO 6804 ;20% ;M01120 ;E ;ALACO 6804 ;30% ;M01120 ;F (control) ;DSE 5275 ;0% ;N/A ;G ;DSE 5275 ;20% ;M01080 ;H ;DSE 5275 ;30% ;M01080 ;I ;DSE 5275 ;20% ;M01120 ;J ;DSE 5275 ;30% ;M01120 ;K (control) ;DSE 5267 ;0% ;N/A ;L ;DSE 5267 ;20% ;M01080 ;M ;DSE 5267 ;30% ;M01080 ;N ;DSE 5267 ;20% ;M01120 ;0 ;DSE 5267 ;30% ;M01120 ;Formulations ;Batches of 5kg were prepared for each formulation according to the examples of Tables 14.1 to 14.3 below. ;Table 14.1 ALACO 6804 system ;Control cheese ;Ingredients ;% ;Water ;51.97% ;Fat ;23.00% ;ALACO 6804 ;24.50% ;Lactic Acid ;0.50% ;Lactylate ;0.03% ;Total ;100% ;20% substitution of ALACO 6804 ;Ingredients ;% ;Water ;52.42% ;Fat ;23.00% ;ALACO 6804 ;19.50% ;Rice Flour ;5.00% ;Lactic Acid ;0.05% ;Lactylate ;0.03% ;Total ;100% ;30% substitution of ALACO 6804 ;Ingredients ;% ;Water ;52.42% ;Fat ;23.00% ;ALACO 6804 ;17.00% ;Rice Flour ;7.50% ;Lactic Acid ;0.05% ;Lactylate ;0.03% ;Total ;100% ;Table 14.2 DSE 5275 system ;Control cheese ;Ingredients ;% ;DSE 5275 ;24.26% ;Vegetable Fat ;20.38% ;TSC ;0.24% ;Citric acid ;0.78% ;Salt ;0.97% ;Water ;53.37% ;Total ;100.00% ;20% substitution of DSE 5275 ;Ingredients ;% ;DSE 5275 ;19.41% ;Veggie Fat ;20.38% ;TSC ;0.19% ;Citric acid ;0.62% ;Salt ;0.97% ;Water ;53.37% ;Rice flour ;5.00% ;Total ;100.00% ;30% substitution of DSE 5275 ;Ingredients ;% ;DSE 5275 ;16.98% ;Veggie Fat ;20.38% ;TSC ;0.17% ;Citric acid ;0.56% ;Salt ;0.97% ;Water ;53.37% ;Rice flour ;7.50% ;Total ;100.00% ;31 ;Table 14.3 DSEE 5267 system ;Control cheese ;Ingredients ;% ;DSE 5267 A ;24.94% ;DSE 5267 B ;1.04% ;Butter ;23.67% ;Water ;39.25% ;Joha PZ7 ;0.20% ;Salt ;0.09% ;Citric acid ;0.81% ;Preservative ;0.20% ;Fresh Cheese ;9.81% ;Total ;100.00% ;20% substitution of DSE 5267 A and DSE 5267 B. ;Ingredients ;% ;DSE 5267 A ;19.95% ;DSE 5267 B ;0.832% ;Butter ;23.67% ;Water ;39.25% ;Joha PZ7 ;0.20% ;Salt ;0.09% ;Citric acid ;0.866% ;Preservative ;0.20% ;Fresh Cheese ;9.81% ;Rice Flour ;5.132% ;Total ;100.00% ;30% substitution of DSE 5267 A and DSE 5267 B. ;Ingredients ;% ;DSE 5267 A ;17.46% ;DSE 5267 B ;0.728% ;Butter ;23.67% ;Water ;39.25% ;Joha PZ7 ;0.20% ;Salt ;0.09% ;Citric acid ;0.648% ;Preservative ;0.20% ;Fresh Cheese ;9.81% ;Rice Flour ;7.524% ;Total ;100.00% ;32 ;Manufacturing Process: ;1. Pre-blended ALACO™ 6804 (or DSE 5275 or DSE 5267) and the rice flour was dispersed in melted fat (below 50°C) in the equipment with high speed for 1 minute. ;2. The water was added (discounting the condensates to be injected) and mixed for 1 more minute at high speed. ;3. The cheese base was heated up to 72°C at high speed. ;4. The cheese base was mixed at medium speed and maintained at 72°C for between 30 seconds and 5 minutes until a homogeneous base was obtained- with the appearance of melted cheese. ;5. Acid (previously diluted at 10%) was added to the cheese base with constant and low agitation to proper incorporate it. ;6. The cheese was cooled, kneaded by hand and then moulded into a 1kg block. ;7. The products were plastic packed prior to refrigeration. ;Sample evaluation ;The samples were evaluated 3 days after manufacture for pH, moisture content, texture, hardness, ;(shredability), melt and stretchability as described in the previous examples. ;• ;33 ;• ;Results ;The results are shown below in tables 15.1 to 15.3: ;Table 15.1 ;ALACO 6804 system ;Sample ;Melting ;Oil-off ;Texture description ;Shredding ;Stretchability pH result ;Moisture (%) ;Control ;Complete ;A little ;Firm product ;Good to shred ;>150 cm ;6.44 ;55.2 ;20% ;substitution MO 1080 ;Complete ;A little ;Slightly softer than control cheese ;Slightly pastier than control but produced good shred ;>150 cm ;6.46 ;55.5 ;30 substitution ;MO 1080 lessthaf control ;A little ;Softer than control cheese, the texture is slightly pasty ;Pastier than control but shredable ;> 150 cm ;6.40 ;55.0 ;20% ;substitution ;Slightly less than ;A little ;Pastier product than control cheese ;Pastier than control but shredable ;>120 cm ;6.54 ;54.5 ;M01120 ;control ;30% ;substitution M01120 ;Less than control but ;A little ;Firm product ;Pastier than control but shredable ;>100 cm ;6.40 ;55.0 ;acceptable ;• ;34 ;• ;Table 15.2 D575 System ;Sample ;Melting ;Oil-off ;Texture description ;Shredding ;Stretchability pH result ;Moisture (%) ;Control ;Complete ;Very little ;Soft texture, clean cut ;Slightly pasty product when shredded ;«120 ;cm ;5.75 ;57.0 ;20% substitution MO 1080 ;Complete ;Very little ;Slightly softer than control ;Slightly pastier than control but shredable ;«110 ;cm ;5.62 ;56.7 ;30% substitution MO 1080 ;Slightly less than control ;Very little ;Softer and pastier than control ;Pasty product but shredable ;*120
cm
.60
56.3
% substitution M01120
Slightly less than control
Veiy little
Similar to control cheese
Similar to control
«120
cm
.55
56.1
% substitution M01120
Less than control but acceptable
Very little
Softer and pastier than control cheese
Pasty product but still shredable
«100
cm
.64
55.9
•
•
Table 15.3 DSE 5267 system
Sample
Melting
Oil-off
Texture description
Shredding
Stretchability pH result
Moisture (%)
Control
Complete
No oil-off
Firm product, plastic and clean cut
Good to shred
>200 cm
.83
52.6
% substitution MO 1080
Complete
No oil-off
Similar to control cheese
Slightly pastier than control but shredable
>200 cm
.82
52.0
% substitution MO 1080
Slightly less than control
No oil-off
Slightly softer than control cheese
Slightly softer and pastier than control cheese but shredable
>200 cm
.75
51.6
% substitution M01120
Complete
No oil-off
Similar to control cheese
Similar to control cheese
> 200 cm
.79
51.8
% substitution M01120
Less than control but acceptable
No oil-off
Similar to control cheese
Similar to control cheese
>200 cm
.79
52.2
36
Discussion
ALACO 6884 System
With the rice flour MO 1080:
At a substitution level of 20% a very similar cheese to the control cheese with respect to melting, shredability and stretchability was obtained. The texture of the rice substituted product was sensorial detected as slightly softer than the control cheese.
At a substitution level of 30% a very similar cheese to control cheese with respect to melting and ^^stretchability was obtained. The texture of the product was sensorial detected as softer than the Control cheese and pastier when it was shredded at 10-12°C. However, the cheese was firm enough to produce an acceptable shred.
With the rice flour M01120:
For the cheese with a substitution level of 20% for this rice flour a block cheese having a texture that was even better than the samples with the rice flour M01080 was obtained. Melting and stretchability properties results were very similar to the control cheese.
For the cheese with a substitution level of 30% the product was softer than control cheese and more difficult to stretch. The melt and shredability were also slightly less than control, but still produced an acceptable product.
DSE 5275 System
With the rice flour M01080:
At a substitution level of 20% a very similar cheese to control cheese in melting and stretchability properties was obtained. The texture of the product was slightly softer than the control cheese but similar to the control cheese when it was shredded at 10-12°C.
37
At a substitution level of 30% a very similar cheese to control cheese in melting and stretchability properties. The texture of the product was sensorial pastier and softer than the control cheese but was able to be shredded.
With the rice flour M01120:
At a substitution level of 20% a very similar cheese to control cheese in stretchability properties but slightly poorer melt was obtained. The texture of the product was sensorial detected as similar to the control cheese.
At a substitution level of 30% a product that had slightly less melt than control cheese and with shorter stretchability was produced. The texture of the product was pastier and softer than the control cheese, was firm enough to produce an acceptable shred.
DSE 5267 System
With the rice flour MO 1080:
At a substitution level of 20% a very similar cheese to control cheese in melting and stretchability properties was obtained. The texture of the product was sensorial detected as being similar to the control cheese. The product was described as similar to the control cheese when it was shredded at 10-12°C.
At a substitution level of 30% a very similar cheese to control cheese in melting and stretchability properties was obtained. The product was sensorial detected as being slightly softer than the control cheese but produced an acceptable shred.
With the rice flour M01120:
At a substitution level of 20% a similar product to the control cheese with respect to melting and stretchability properties was obtained. The texture of the product was sensorial detected as being similar to the control cheese. The product was described as being similar to the Control cheese when it was shredded at 10-12°C.
38
At a substitution level of 30% a product that was slightly harder to melt than control cheese, but with similar stretch to the control cheese was produced. The texture of the product was sensorial detected as being similar to the control cheese and had a similar shred.
Conclusion
1. In the three casein systems tested MO 1080 reproduced the melting, shredding and stretchability properties of the respective control cheeses with substitution levels of 20 and 30% of the rennet casein (and emulsifying salts in a proportional way).
2. In the three casein systems tested M01120 produced a block product with a firmness attribute very similar to the respectively control cheeses at both substitution levels of the rennet casein (and emulsifying salts in a proportional way).
3. The imitation cheese of the invention have excellent hardness and melt are suitable for large scale commercial product.
Example 5: Melt properties of starch and flour samples subjected to low temperature/time cooking treatments
An experiment was conducted using an RVA (Rapid visco Analyser, Newport Scientific, Warriewood, Australia), wherein imitation cheeses were made according to the formulations set out in table 16, below.
Method
The emulsification salts and NaCI were dissolved in water and mixed for 5 minutes. The oil was added and mixed for 2 minutes. The rest of the dry powders (rice four/starch, casein) were added to the RVA canister and heated to 70°C at a rate of 4°C/min. The mixture was held at 70°C for a short period (about 30 seconds) before the mixture was cooled at about 15°C/minute until about 50°C was reached. The sample was then removed from the device, poured onto a cold surface and rolled between two sheets of plastic film into a thin slab about 2.4 mm thick. The slab was placed in a fridge and allowed to set. .
39
Formulations
Table 16
Control 1
Weight
Formulation
Weight g
(w/w %)
g
1 (w/w %)
Water
55
16.5
55
16.5
ALAREN 711
23.5
7.06
16.45
4.94
Rice flour/ rice starch
-
-
7.05
2.12
Oil (Soya oil)
6.0
6.0
Emulsifying salts (TSC, DSP or
1
0.3
1
0.3
SHMP)
Common Salt (NaCl)
0.5
0.15
0.5
0.15
Total
100
100
Sample evaluation
• pH measurement
• Melting - Schreiber melt test
Results
Table 17
PH
TSC 7.04 DSP 6.831 SHMP 6.59
Schreiber Melt Value
All of the samples showed good melt characteristics, (demonstrated as phase change behaviour with increasing temperature) as shown in figures 9 to 11. The Schreiber melt values where all greater than 3.0. The imitation cheese samples which had the best melt characteristics were produced using SHMP as emulsification salt (see figures 9-11). The Schreiber melt value for the SHMP imitation cheese is shown in figure 8. Samples with rice starch had a melting value greater than the control, whilst samples with rice flour had a melting value below the control (figure 8). However all samples had a Schreiber melt value above 7.0.
Firmness
All of the imitation cheeses were of sufficient firmness that these were able to be cut or sliced.
40
Conclusion
The imitation cheeses made by the method of the present invention have excellent melt characteristics whilst at the same time they are firm enough to be able to be cut or sliced.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION
The imitation cheese of the present invention is particular useful as a mozzarella-like imitation cheese grated or shredded product for use in the pizza industry.
41
Claims (34)
1. An imitation cheese composition comprising: a) moisture in an amount that is at least 45% by weight of the composition; b) rice farinaceous material in an amount that is at least 5% by weight of the composition; c) casein or caseinate in an amount of at least 5% by weight of the composition; d) a fat source that is at least 10% by weight of the composition; e) a emulsification salt that is at least 0.01% by weight of the composition; and f) optionally one or more Generally Regarded As Safe (GRAS) ingredients selected from one or more flavour ingredients that are natural or artificial, one or more natural or artificial colours, one or more preservatives, one or more acidulants and one or more bulking or texturising agents; wherein the composition is sufficiently firm that it can be sliced, cut, shredded or grated and wherein the composition has a Schreiber melt value of at least 3.0.
2. An imitation cheese composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the moisture content of the composition is at least 50%.
3. An imitation cheese as claimed in claim 2, wherein the moisture content of the composition is at least 55% by weight.
4. An imitation cheese as claimed in claim 3, wherein the moisture content of the composition is at least 60% by weight.
5. An imitation cheese composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the rice farinaceous material is selected from native rice starch or native rice flour having less than about 90% amylopectin.
6. An imitation cheese composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rice farinaceous material is present in an amount calculated to replace at least 20% of the casein or caseinate that would be present in an equivalent non-imitation cheese product.
7. An imitation cheese composition as claimed in claim 6, wherein the rice farinaceous material is present in an amount to replace at least 25% of casein or caseinate that would be present in an equivalent non-imitation cheese product. intellectual property office of n.z. 19 OCT 2007 RECEIVED 42
8. An imitation cheese composition as claimed in claim 7, wherein the rice farinaceous material is present in an amount to replace at least 30% of casein or caseinate that would be present in an equivalent non-imitation cheese product.
9. An imitation cheese composition as claimed in claim 8, wherein the rice farinaceous material is present in an amount to replace at least 35% of casein or caseinate that would be present in an equivalent non-imitation cheese product.
10. An imitation cheese composition as claimed in claim 9, wherein the rice farinaceous material is present in an amount to replace at least 40% of casein or caseinate that would be present in an equivalent non-imitation cheese product.
11. An imitation cheese composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the casein or caseinate is present in the composition in an amount of at least 10% by weight of the composition.
12. An imitation cheese composition as claimed in claim 11, wherein the casein or caseinate is present in the composition in an amount of at least 15% by weight of the composition.
13. An imitation cheese composition as claimed in claim 12, wherein the casein or caseinate is present in the composition in an amount of at least 20% by weight of the composition.
14. An imitation cheese composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the casein is preferably rennet casein.
15. An imitation cheese composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fat source is selected from the group comprising cream, double cream, butter, anhydrous milk fat (AMF), fresh frozen milk fat for recombining (FFMR), a non dairy fat, and vegetable oil.
16. An imitation cheese composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the emulsification salt is selected from a mono, di or polyvalent cationic citrate or phosphate salt.
17. An imitation cheese composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the flavour ingredient is preferably a cheese flavour selected from the group consisting of enzyme modified cheese (EMC), 43 enzyme modified lactile products, synthetic or artificial cheese flavourings, lipolysed dairy flavours, dairy/cheese top notes and dairy/cheese push notes.
18. An imitation cheese composition as claimed in claim 17, flavoured to produce an imitation mozzarella, parmesan, cheddar or colby cheese.
19. An imitation cheese composition as claimed in claim 1 which is grated or shredded.
20. An imitation cheese as claimed in claim 19 comprising a grated or shredded mozzarella imitation cheese.
^^21. An imitation cheese composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein the Schreiber melt value of the composition is at least 3.5.
22. An imitation cheese composition as claimed in claim 21, wherein the Schreiber melt value of the composition is at least 4.0.
23. An imitation cheese composition as claimed in claim 22, wherein the Schreiber melt value of the composition is at least 4.5.
24. An imitation cheese composition as claimed in claim 23, wherein the Schreiber melt value of the composition is at least 5.0.
25. A method for preparing an imitation cheese composition comprising the steps: a) combining casein or caseinate, rice farinaceous material, fat, water, at least one emulsification salt, and optionally one or more GRAS ingredients; b) heating to about 50°C to melt the fat; c) cooking the mixture of step b) at between about 70°C and 85° for between 30 seconds and 5 minutes; d) cooling the cooked mixture of step c) to form a solidified mass; and e) passing the cooled solidified mass of step d) through a device that will cut, shred, grate or slice the imitation cheese composition.
26. A method for preparing an imitation cheese composition comprising the steps: 44 a) combining warm water (40-45°C) with at least one emulsification salt and optionally one or more GRAS ingredients; b) adding casein or caseinate and rice farinaceous material and mixing; c) adding melted fat (35-40°C) and mixing; d) cooking the mixture of step c) at between about 70°C and 85°C for between 30 seconds and 5 minutes; e) cooling the cooked mixture of step d) to form a solidified mass; and f) passing the cooled solidified mass of step e) through a device that will cut, shred, grate or slice the imitation cheese composition.
27. A method as claimed in claim 25 or 26, wherein the ingredients are present in amounts of at least 5% by weight casein or caseinate; at least 5% by weight rice farinaceous material; at least 45% by weight water; at least 10% by weight fat; at least 0.01% by weight of emulsification salt; and optionally one or more GRAS ingredients.
28. A method as claimed in claim 25 or 26, wherein the cooking step is carried out at between about 72°C and 80°C for between 2 and 5 minutes.
29. A method as claimed in claim 28, wherein the cooking step is carried out at between 75°C and 78°C for between 3 and 4 minutes.
30. A method as claimed in claim 29, wherein the cooking step is carried out at 75°C for 4 minutes.
31. An imitation cheese product produced by the process of any one of claims 25 to 30.
32. An imitation cheese composition as claimed in claim 1 substantially as herein described with reference to any example thereof and/or the accompanying drawings.
33. A method as claimed in claims 25 or 26 substantially as herein described with reference to any example thereof and/or the accompanying drawings.
34. An imitation cheese product as claimed in claim 31 substantially as herein described with reference to any example thereof and/or the accompanying drawings. intellectual property office of n.z. 19 OCT 2007 RECEIVED
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PCT/NZ2006/000279 WO2007049981A1 (en) | 2005-10-28 | 2006-10-30 | Dairy product and process |
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IT1401776B1 (en) * | 2010-08-05 | 2013-08-02 | Mr Bio Food S R L | FOOD PRODUCT INCLUDING A BASIC INGREDIENT INCLUDING CEREALS SEEDS |
FR2968165B1 (en) | 2010-12-03 | 2013-01-11 | Bel Fromageries | PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A SUGAR CHEESE PRODUCT HAVING A DRY EXTRACT OF BETWEEN 30% AND 60% AND COMPRISING AT LEAST ONE CEREAL |
FR3043889B1 (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2020-06-05 | Savencia Sa | FLAVORED AROMATIC FOOD PRODUCT |
ITUB20159131A1 (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2017-06-15 | Acetaia Terra Del Tuono Soc Agricola S R L | Procedure for the consolidation of a fluid edible product |
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