NZ336947A - Waterproofing and preservative compositions for wood comprising a waterproofing agent and a biocide - Google Patents
Waterproofing and preservative compositions for wood comprising a waterproofing agent and a biocideInfo
- Publication number
- NZ336947A NZ336947A NZ336947A NZ33694798A NZ336947A NZ 336947 A NZ336947 A NZ 336947A NZ 336947 A NZ336947 A NZ 336947A NZ 33694798 A NZ33694798 A NZ 33694798A NZ 336947 A NZ336947 A NZ 336947A
- Authority
- NZ
- New Zealand
- Prior art keywords
- waterproofing
- alkyl
- quaternary ammonium
- biocide
- wood
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
- A01N33/02—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
- A01N33/12—Quaternary ammonium compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K2240/00—Purpose of the treatment
- B27K2240/70—Hydrophobation treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/34—Organic impregnating agents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/34—Organic impregnating agents
- B27K3/50—Mixtures of different organic impregnating agents
Abstract
A waterproofing wood preservative system comprising a waterproofer selected from the group consisting of an alkyl amine oxide, an alkyl acetoacetate, and a waterproofing quaternary ammonium compound and a biocide comprising at least one biocidal quaternary ammonium compound wherein said waterproofing quaternary ammonium compound is a C12-C30 alkyl or C6-C20 aryl-substituted alkyl, C12-C30 alkyl quaternary ammonium composition and said biocidal quaternary ammonium compound is a C8-C12 alkyl or C6-C20 aryl-substituted alkyl, C8-C10 alkyl quaternary ammonium composition.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/783,458 US5833741A (en) | 1997-01-16 | 1997-01-16 | Waterproofing and preservative compositons for wood |
PCT/US1998/001243 WO1998031518A2 (en) | 1997-01-16 | 1998-01-16 | Waterproofing and preservative compositions for wood |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NZ336947A true NZ336947A (en) | 2000-12-22 |
Family
ID=25129311
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NZ336947A NZ336947A (en) | 1997-01-16 | 1998-01-16 | Waterproofing and preservative compositions for wood comprising a waterproofing agent and a biocide |
Country Status (18)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5833741A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0960007B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3231337B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR20000070225A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1263489A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE269195T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU719078B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9807494B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2278173C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69824552T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2224357T3 (en) |
HK (1) | HK1026391A1 (en) |
IL (1) | IL130978A (en) |
IN (1) | IN190034B (en) |
NO (1) | NO315597B1 (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ336947A (en) |
TW (1) | TW360584B (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998031518A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (53)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DK1165297T3 (en) * | 1999-04-08 | 2006-11-13 | Lonza Ag | Method for improving the penetration of wood preservatives into wood |
ATE315988T1 (en) * | 1999-05-24 | 2006-02-15 | Lonza Ag | COPPER/AMINO OXIDE WOOD Preservative |
WO2000071313A1 (en) | 1999-05-24 | 2000-11-30 | Lonza Inc. | Isothiazolone/amine oxide wood preservatives |
CA2374884C (en) | 1999-05-24 | 2009-10-27 | Chuen-Ing Tseng | Azole/amine oxide wood preservatives |
CA2374825C (en) * | 1999-05-24 | 2007-12-11 | Lonza Inc. | Amine oxide/iodine containing blends for wood preservation |
NZ541553A (en) | 2000-05-24 | 2007-01-26 | Lonza Ag | Use of a composition comprising amine oxide as fungicidally effective wood preservatives |
NZ523332A (en) * | 2000-06-30 | 2005-06-24 | Lonza Ag | Compositions comprising a boron compound and an amine oxide |
UA76478C2 (en) * | 2001-07-09 | 2006-08-15 | Лонза Інк. | In situ methods of preparing quaternary ammonium alkylcarbonates |
US8747908B2 (en) * | 2003-04-09 | 2014-06-10 | Osmose, Inc. | Micronized wood preservative formulations |
CA2521872C (en) * | 2003-04-09 | 2010-11-30 | Osmose, Inc. | Micronized wood preservative formulations |
US8637089B2 (en) | 2003-04-09 | 2014-01-28 | Osmose, Inc. | Micronized wood preservative formulations |
US20060257578A1 (en) * | 2003-04-09 | 2006-11-16 | Jun Zhang | Micronized wood preservative formulations comprising boron compounds |
DE602004022171D1 (en) | 2003-06-17 | 2009-09-03 | Phibrowood Llc | PARTICULATE WOOD PROTECTION AGENT AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE THEREOF |
CA2547817A1 (en) * | 2003-12-08 | 2005-06-23 | Osmose, Inc. | Composition and process for coloring and preserving wood |
US20070260089A1 (en) * | 2004-03-26 | 2007-11-08 | Albemarle Corporation | Method for the Synthesis of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds and Compositions Thereof |
US20070131136A1 (en) * | 2004-04-27 | 2007-06-14 | Osmose, Inc. | Composition And Process For Coloring Wood |
AU2005237592A1 (en) * | 2004-04-27 | 2005-11-10 | Osmose, Inc. | Micronized organic preservative formulations |
WO2005114078A2 (en) | 2004-05-13 | 2005-12-01 | Osmose, Inc. | Compositions and methods for treating cellulose-based materials with micronized additives |
US20050252408A1 (en) | 2004-05-17 | 2005-11-17 | Richardson H W | Particulate wood preservative and method for producing same |
US20060071196A1 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2006-04-06 | Mckee Clayton R | Method of wood treatment and solution provided therefore |
WO2006044831A2 (en) * | 2004-10-14 | 2006-04-27 | Osmose, Inc. | Non-alkaline micronized wood preservative formulations |
US20060112850A1 (en) * | 2004-10-14 | 2006-06-01 | Jun Zhang | Micronized wood preservative formulations in organic carriers |
US7993756B2 (en) | 2005-05-04 | 2011-08-09 | Viance, Llc | Long-chain quaternary ammonium compounds as wood treatment agents |
US20060276468A1 (en) * | 2005-05-12 | 2006-12-07 | Blow Derek P | Wood preservative formulations comprising Imazalil |
US7655281B2 (en) * | 2005-05-24 | 2010-02-02 | Kop-Coat, Inc. | Method of protecting wood through enhanced penetration of wood preservatives and related solution |
WO2007026008A2 (en) * | 2005-09-01 | 2007-03-08 | Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V. | Use of alkoxylated amines to improve water repellency of wood |
US20070167407A1 (en) * | 2005-12-20 | 2007-07-19 | Albemarle Corporation | Quaternary ammonium borate compositions and substrate preservative solutions containing them |
US7632567B1 (en) | 2006-08-31 | 2009-12-15 | Osmose, Inc. | Micronized wood preservative formulations comprising copper and zinc |
US7510137B2 (en) | 2007-05-24 | 2009-03-31 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Dispenser for sheet material |
US20090162410A1 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2009-06-25 | Jun Zhang | Process for preparing fine particle dispersion for wood preservation |
JP5914907B2 (en) * | 2008-08-11 | 2016-05-11 | 株式会社オートネットワーク技術研究所 | Rust preventive and surface-treated metal |
US20090143334A1 (en) * | 2009-02-05 | 2009-06-04 | Ward Hans A | Method of Protecting Wood Through Enhanced Penetration of Wood Preservatives and a Related Solution |
CN102165946B (en) * | 2010-08-18 | 2013-08-28 | 北京德瑞丰农业科技有限责任公司 | Waterproof, anticorrosion and anti-insect pest system for ornamental trees and shrubs |
US9125398B2 (en) | 2011-04-05 | 2015-09-08 | Kop-Coat, Inc. | Method of employing enhanced penetration of wood preservatives to protect wood and a related solution |
CN102490229A (en) * | 2011-11-25 | 2012-06-13 | 广东省林业科学研究院 | Wood preservation and water repellent agent and preparation method thereof |
CN106470808A (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2017-03-01 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | Treated porous material |
US9506015B2 (en) | 2014-11-21 | 2016-11-29 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Compositions to boost fabric softener performance |
CN104526788B (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2016-11-02 | 苏州市强森木业有限公司 | Anticorrosion plated film plank |
US10383336B2 (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2019-08-20 | Kop-Coat, Inc. | Solutions employing herbicides and buffered amine oxides to kill weeds and related methods |
US10952433B2 (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2021-03-23 | Kop-Coat, Inc. | Solutions for enhancing the effectiveness of insecticides and fungicides on living plants and related methods |
US20160286798A1 (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2016-10-06 | Kop-Coat, Inc. | Solutions for enhancing the effectiveness of insecticides and fungicides on living plants and related methods |
US9670433B1 (en) | 2015-12-28 | 2017-06-06 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Hard surface cleaning compositions |
CN108882703B (en) | 2016-03-01 | 2022-01-11 | 艺康美国股份有限公司 | Bactericidal rinsing agent based on synergistic effect of quaternary compound-anionic surfactant |
US9717246B1 (en) | 2016-05-24 | 2017-08-01 | Kop-Coat, Inc. | Method and related solution for protecting wood through enhanced penetration of wood preservatives employing buffered amine oxides and alkoxylated oils |
JP7074843B6 (en) | 2017-08-30 | 2023-12-26 | エコラボ ユーエスエー インコーポレイティド | Molecules with one hydrophobic group and two identical hydrophilic ionic groups, and compositions thereof |
CN111107744A (en) | 2017-09-26 | 2020-05-05 | 埃科莱布美国股份有限公司 | Acidic/anionic antimicrobial and virucidal compositions and uses thereof |
WO2019126703A1 (en) | 2017-12-22 | 2019-06-27 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Antimicrobial compositions with enhanced efficacy |
CN108162124B (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2020-09-25 | 万华生态板业集成设备有限公司 | Shaving board containing mildew preventive and manufacturing method thereof |
US11370998B2 (en) | 2018-06-14 | 2022-06-28 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Synergistic cellulase-surfactant interactions for degradation of bacterial cellulose |
CA3103868A1 (en) | 2018-06-14 | 2019-12-19 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Compositions comprising enzyme and quaternary ammonium compounds |
EP3814463A1 (en) | 2018-06-29 | 2021-05-05 | Ecolab USA Inc. | Formula design for a solid laundry fabric softener |
EP3968770A1 (en) | 2019-05-17 | 2022-03-23 | Ecolab USA Inc. | Antimicrobial enhancement of cationic active skin antiseptics |
WO2020264240A1 (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2020-12-30 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Solid laundry softener composition |
Family Cites Families (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB358202A (en) * | 1930-08-14 | 1931-10-08 | Chem Ind Basel | Manufacture of disperse systems |
US3299073A (en) * | 1963-11-14 | 1967-01-17 | Millmaster Onyx Corp | Quaternary ammonium aromatic amino sulfonates |
US3361793A (en) * | 1964-02-10 | 1968-01-02 | Millmaster Onyx Corp | Microbiologically active quaternary ammonium compounds |
US3431265A (en) * | 1964-03-17 | 1969-03-04 | Millmaster Onyx Corp | Quaternary ammonium salts of glyceryl sulfates and sulfonates |
US3361794A (en) * | 1964-04-03 | 1968-01-02 | Millmaster Onyx Corp | Microbiologically active quaternary ammonium compounds |
US3296145A (en) * | 1965-10-21 | 1967-01-03 | Millmaster Onyx Corp | Quaternary ammonium-tertiary amine oxide compositions |
US3435039A (en) * | 1966-08-31 | 1969-03-25 | Millmaster Onyx Corp | Quaternary ammonium salts of alcohol ether sulfates |
US3484523A (en) * | 1966-12-27 | 1969-12-16 | Millmaster Onyx Corp | Quaternary ammonium-tertiary amine oxide compositions |
DE2308165A1 (en) * | 1973-02-19 | 1974-08-22 | Basf Ag | PROCESS FOR HYDROPHOBIZING AND SIMULTANEOUSLY GREASING LEATHER |
US4005193A (en) * | 1974-08-07 | 1977-01-25 | Millmaster Onyx Corporation | Microbiocidal polymeric quaternary ammonium compounds |
US4013804A (en) * | 1974-09-19 | 1977-03-22 | Andersen Corporation | Method and composition for treating wood and coated wooden articles obtained thereby |
US4508568A (en) * | 1980-10-27 | 1985-04-02 | Chevron Research Company | Biocidal wood preservative composition and method |
US4336151A (en) * | 1981-07-06 | 1982-06-22 | American Cyanamid Company | Disinfectant/cleanser compositions exhibiting reduced eye irritancy potential |
JPS60218309A (en) * | 1984-04-16 | 1985-11-01 | Nippon Oil & Fats Co Ltd | Pearly hair rinse |
DE3613253A1 (en) * | 1986-04-19 | 1987-10-22 | Wolman Gmbh Dr | WOOD PRESERVATIVE WITH 2-IODOBEOAIC ANILIDE |
US4716060A (en) * | 1986-05-02 | 1987-12-29 | Rajadhyaksha Vithal J | Water proofing and preservative methods |
CA1316623C (en) * | 1989-04-06 | 1993-04-20 | Pavel Stovicek | Biocidal surface coating and casting compositions based on quarternary ammonium salts of nalkyl x,x bis (4,4' hydroxyphenyl) and quarternary salts of polyglycols as backbones of resins |
US5221329A (en) * | 1992-04-20 | 1993-06-22 | The Boeing Company | Water repellent composition |
ZA943999B (en) * | 1993-06-09 | 1995-02-03 | Lonza Ag | Quaternary ammonium and waterproofing/preservative compositions |
US5399762A (en) * | 1993-06-09 | 1995-03-21 | Lonza, Inc. | Quaternary ammonium hydroxide compositions and preparation thereof |
US5438034A (en) * | 1993-06-09 | 1995-08-01 | Lonza, Inc. | Quaternary ammonium carbonate compositions and preparation thereof |
US5536305A (en) * | 1994-06-08 | 1996-07-16 | Yu; Bing | Low leaching compositions for wood |
US5468284A (en) * | 1994-06-27 | 1995-11-21 | Kop-Coat, Inc. | Method of waterproof wood and associated composition |
-
1997
- 1997-01-16 US US08/783,458 patent/US5833741A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1998
- 1998-01-16 BR BRPI9807494-6A patent/BR9807494B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-01-16 CA CA002278173A patent/CA2278173C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-01-16 DE DE69824552T patent/DE69824552T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-01-16 JP JP53471598A patent/JP3231337B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-01-16 IN IN118DE1998 patent/IN190034B/en unknown
- 1998-01-16 CN CN98803378A patent/CN1263489A/en active Pending
- 1998-01-16 ES ES98903650T patent/ES2224357T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-01-16 WO PCT/US1998/001243 patent/WO1998031518A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-01-16 NZ NZ336947A patent/NZ336947A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-01-16 AT AT98903650T patent/ATE269195T1/en active
- 1998-01-16 IL IL13097898A patent/IL130978A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-01-16 EP EP98903650A patent/EP0960007B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-01-16 KR KR1019997006451A patent/KR20000070225A/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-01-16 AU AU60363/98A patent/AU719078B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-06-22 TW TW087100548A patent/TW360584B/en active
-
1999
- 1999-07-06 NO NO19993335A patent/NO315597B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2000
- 2000-06-01 HK HK00103361A patent/HK1026391A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO315597B1 (en) | 2003-09-29 |
TW360584B (en) | 1999-06-11 |
WO1998031518A3 (en) | 1998-11-12 |
DE69824552T2 (en) | 2005-08-25 |
WO1998031518A2 (en) | 1998-07-23 |
IL130978A0 (en) | 2001-01-28 |
EP0960007B1 (en) | 2004-06-16 |
JP3231337B2 (en) | 2001-11-19 |
KR20000070225A (en) | 2000-11-25 |
EP0960007A2 (en) | 1999-12-01 |
JP2000507895A (en) | 2000-06-27 |
CA2278173C (en) | 2009-12-22 |
BR9807494A (en) | 2002-01-15 |
DE69824552D1 (en) | 2004-07-22 |
NO993335L (en) | 1999-09-14 |
ATE269195T1 (en) | 2004-07-15 |
HK1026391A1 (en) | 2000-12-15 |
IL130978A (en) | 2002-08-14 |
CN1263489A (en) | 2000-08-16 |
AU719078B2 (en) | 2000-05-04 |
NO993335D0 (en) | 1999-07-06 |
US5833741A (en) | 1998-11-10 |
BR9807494B1 (en) | 2009-01-13 |
IN190034B (en) | 2003-05-31 |
AU6036398A (en) | 1998-08-07 |
CA2278173A1 (en) | 1998-07-23 |
ES2224357T3 (en) | 2005-03-01 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
NZ336947A (en) | Waterproofing and preservative compositions for wood comprising a waterproofing agent and a biocide | |
CA2315849A1 (en) | Quaternary ammonium and waterproofing/preservative compositions | |
NZ508884A (en) | synergistic mixture of fungicidal compounds | |
NO983624L (en) | Solid biocidal preparation | |
GR3030451T3 (en) | Synergistic termiticidal composition of pyrethroid and n-phenyl-pyrazole | |
PL318018A1 (en) | Fungicidal compositions and method of fighting against attacks by fungi | |
AU4102596A (en) | Synergistic biocide composition containing pyrithione plus additive | |
WO2000032196A3 (en) | Inhibitors of multidrug transporters | |
CA2374875A1 (en) | Isothiazolone/amine oxide wood preservatives | |
DE69521128D1 (en) | SYNERGISTIC, WATER-SOLUBLE PRESERVATIVE COMPOSITIONS OF BIOCIDAL MIXTURES | |
EE04711B1 (en) | Antiseptic composition, method of treating substrate of wood or other material, method of protecting wood or other material, use of oxathiazine compound plus one or more quaternary ammonium compounds and triazole compounds | |
ID26929A (en) | FUNGICIDE | |
SE9502841L (en) | wood preservatives | |
NZ333400A (en) | Fungicidal mixtures comprising an oxime ether carboxylate and/or a carbamate, and iminoctadine II | |
BR9809524B1 (en) | fungicidal mixture, process for controlling harmful fungi, use of a compound, and composition. | |
WO2002056685A3 (en) | Fungicidal mixtures | |
EP0963696A4 (en) | Herbicidal compositions | |
EP0862917A4 (en) | Antifungal composition | |
WO2001041564A3 (en) | Compositions for reducing or eliminating house mite infestations | |
MX9801683A (en) | Fungicidal agents and method. | |
UA18635A (en) | Fungicidal composition | |
MX9802272A (en) | Combatting parasitic fungi with a combination of an active agent inhibiting respiration in the cytochrome complex iii and of fenazaquine. |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
RENW | Renewal (renewal fees accepted) | ||
RENW | Renewal (renewal fees accepted) | ||
RENW | Renewal (renewal fees accepted) | ||
RENW | Renewal (renewal fees accepted) | ||
EXPY | Patent expired |