NZ271893A - Inhibitors of tnf-alpha secretion - Google Patents

Description

New Zealand Paient Spedficaiion for Paient Number £71 893 4* New Zealand No. 271893 International No. PCTAJS94/09343 Prtarity Prt»fr):...j5.^> t' 3ornpl*t» Sf»cillo«lmn FS«d. -.1— ««) C&Z!.^3.34&:j.AQ3,K^I<XS( c Oi ow» P.O. Journal No: .\...UriQ.Qr O&Sj NO DRAWINGS NEW ZEALAND PATENTS ACT 1953 complete specification Title of Invention: Inhibitors of TNF-alpha secretion Name, address and nationality of applicant(s) as in international application form: IMMUNEX CORPORATION, of 51 University Street, Seattle, Washington 98101, United States of America ♦ f\ OS Q>£pOfcAK>"* 8i TTTIv.

'Inhibitors of TNF-alpha Secretion" FTFI.D OF THF. TNVF.NTTON The invention pertains to compounds which are inhibitors of metalloprotearcs and, in particular, to compounds which inhibit the TNF-a convening enzyme.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a, also known as cachectin) is a mammalian protein capable of inducing a variety of effects on numerous cell types. TNF-a was initially characterized by its ability to cause lysis of tumor cells and is produced by activated cells such as mononuclear phagocytes, T-cells, B-cells, mast cells and NK cells. In mononuclear phagocytes, TNF-a is initially synthesized as a membrane-bound protein of approximately 26 kD. A 17 kD fragment of the 26 kD membrane-bound TNF-a is "secreted" and combines with two other secreted TNF-a molecules to form a circulating 51 kD homotrimer. TNF-a is a principal mediator of the host response to gram-negative bacteria. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, also called endotoxin), derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria, is a potent stimulator of TNF-a synthesis. Because the deleterious effects which can result from an over-production or an unregulated-production of TNF are extremely serious, considerable efforts have been made to control or regulate the serum level of TNF. An important part in the effort to effectively control serum TNF levels is the understanding of the mechanism of TNF biosynthesis.

The mechanism by which TNF-a is secreted has only been recently ducidated. Kriegler et al. Cell, 51, 45-53, (1988) conjectured that TNF-a "secretion" is due to the cleaving of the 26 kD membrane-bound molr°ule by a proteolytic enzyme or protease. Scuderi eL al., J. Immunology, 141, 168-173 (1989), suggested that the release of TNF-a from human leukocyte cells is dependent on one or more serine proteases, e.g., a leukocyte elastase or trypsin. A serine protease inhibitor, p-toluenesulfonyl-L-arginine methyl ester, was found to suppress human leukocyte TNF release in a concentration-dependent manner. Scuderi et al. suggested that the arginine methyl ester competes for the arginine-binding site WO 95/06031 PCT/U S94/09343 - » is l'~" - ' ry s" b' \ \ \ '^jn tfoe enzyme's reactrfe center and thereby blocks hydrolysis. The lysine and phenylalanine analogs of the inhibitor reportedly failed to mimic the arginine methyl ester.

We have discovered that the protease which causes the cleavage of the TNF-a 5 molecule into the 17 kD protein is, in fact, a metalloprotease which is believed to reside in the plasma membrane of cells producing TNF-a. The physicochemical characteristics of the enzyme have not been published.

Most, but not all, proteases recognize a specific amino acid sequence. Some 10 proteases primarily recognize residues located N-terminal of the cleaved bond, some recognize residues located C-terminal of the cleaved bond, and some proteases recognize residues on both sides of the cleaved bond. Metalloprotease enzymes utilize a bound metal ion, generally Zn^+, to catalyze the hydrolysis of the peptide bond. Metalloproteases are implicated in joint destruction (the matrix metalloproteases), blood pressure regulation 15 (angiotensin converting enzyme), and regulation of peptide-hormone levels (neutral endopeptidase-24.11).

Numerous inhibitors have been developed against the previously described metalloproteases. A general family of inhibitors against matrix-metalloproteases, and in 20 particular collagenase, is reported in WO 92/09563. This document shows compounds having the general structure of a reverse hydroxamate - or a hydroxyurea - linked via an amide to an amino acid derivative, such as tryptophan or 2-naphthyl alanine. Inhibitors of collagenase are also reported in WO 88/06890; these compounds contain sulfhydryl moieties as well as phenylalanine and tryptophan analogs. Collagenase inhibitors are reported in WO 25 92/09556 and U.S. Patent No. 5,114,953 and possess hydroxamate moities and fused or conjugated bicycloaryl substituents. The myriad potential gelatinase inhibitors covered by the generic formula in EPA 489,577 are amino acid derivatives optionally possessing a hydroxamate group. Hydroxamate derivatives useful as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are reported in EPO 498,665.

Inhibition of the TNF-a converting enzyme (hereinafter referred to as "TACE"), a novel metalloprotease, inhibits release of TNF-a into the serum and other extracellular spaces. TACE inhibitors would therefore have clinical utility in treating conditions characterized by over-production or unregulated production of TNF-a. A particularly useful 35 TACE inhibitor for certain pathological conditions would selectively inhibit TACE while not affecting TNF-B (also known as lymphotoxin) serum levels. The over-production or unregulated production of TNF-a has been implicated in certain conditions and diseases, for example: 2 WO 95/06031 PCT/U S94/09343 I. Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, which includes: Sepsis syndrome gram positive sepsis gram negative sepsis culture negative sepsis fungal sepsis neutropenic fever urosepsis menin gococcemi a Trauma/hemorrhage Burns Ionizing radiation exposure Acute pancreatitis Adult respiratory distress syndrome.

II. Reperfusion Injury, which includes: Post pump syndrome Ischemia-reperfusion injury III. Cardiovascular Disease, which includes: Cardiac stun syndrome Myocardial infarction Congestive heart failure IV. Infectious Disease, which includes: HTV infection/HIV neuropathy Meningitis Hepatitis Septic arthritis Peritonitis Pneumonia Epiglottitis E. coli 0157:H7 Hemolytic uremic syndrome/thrombolytic thrombocytopenic purpura Malaria Dengue hemorrhagic fever Leishmaniasis Leprosy 3 Toxic shock syndrome Streptococcal myositis Gas gangrene Mycobacterium tuberculosis 5 Mycobacterium avium intracellulare Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia Pelvic inflammatory disease Orchitis/epidydimitis Legionella Lyme disease Influenza A Epstein-Barr Virus Viral-associated hemaphagocytic syndrome Viral encephalitis/aseptic meningitis V. Obstetrics/Gynecology, including: Premature labor Miscarriage Infertility VI. Inflammatory Disease/Autoimmunity, which includes: Rheumatoid arthriris/seronegative arthropathies Osteoarthritis Inflammatory bowel disease 25 Systemic lupus eiythematosis Iridocyclitis/uveitis/optic neuritis Idiopathic pulmonaiy fibrosis Systemic vasculitis/Wegener's granulomatosis Sarcoidosis Orchitis/vasectomy reversal procedures VII. Allergic/Atopic Diseases, which includes: Asthma Allergic Thinitis 35 Eczema Allergic contact dermatitis Allergic conjunctivitis Hypersensitivity pneumonitis 4 VIII. Malignancy, which includes: ALL AML CML CLL Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma MM Kaposi's sarcoma Colorectal carcinoma Nasopharyngeal carcinoma Malignant histiocytosis Paraneoplastic syndrome/hypeicalcemia of malignancy IX. Transplants, including: Organ transplant rejection Graft-versus-host disease X. Cachexia XI. Congenital, which includes: Cystic fibrosis Familial hematophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis Sickle cell anemia XII. Dermatologic, which includes: Psoriasis Alopecia XIII. Neurologic, which includes: Multiple sclerosis Migraine headache XIV. Renal, which includes: Nephrotic syndrome Hemodialysis Uremia 27 1 89 3 XV. Toxicity, which includes: OKT3 therapy Anri-CD3 therapy Cytokine therapy 5 Chemotherapy Radiation therapy Chronic salicylate intoxication XVI. Metabolic/Idiopathic, which includes: Wilson's disease Hemachromatosis Alpha-l-antitrypsin deficiency Diabetes Hashimoto's thyroiditis 15 Osteoporosis Hypothalairric-pituitaiy-adrenal axis evaluation Primary biliary cirrhosis Inhibitors of TACE would prevent the cleavage of cell-bound TNF-a thereby 20 reducing the level of TNF-a in serum and tissues. Such inhibitors would be of significant clinical utility and could be potential therapeutics for treating the above TNF-a-related disorders.

SUMMARY OF THF. TNVF.NTTON The invention relates to compounds of formula I: O O H « X-[CH]m-CH-C-N-CH-C-[A]n-N-B-NH2 a) I I H 1 H Rl R2 r3 wherein: Xis the radical of hydroxamic acid, irercapto, phosphoryl or caxboxyl; m is 0,1 or 2; 40 Rl, R^ and R^ each independent of the other is hydrogen, alkylene(cycloalkyl), OR4, SR^, N(R^)CR^), halogen, substituted or unsubstituted Ci to C8 alkyl, Ci to I 2 t> AO a iij ^j / 271893 Cs alkylenearyl, aiyl, a protected or unprotected side chain of a naturally occurring a-amino acid; or the group -R^R?, wherein R<> is substituted or unsubstituted Ci to C8 alkyl and is OR^, SR^, N(R4)(R5) or halogen, wherein R^ and R^ are, each independent of the other, hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted Ci to C8 alkyl; 5 n is 0,1 or 2; provided that when n is 1, A is a protected or an unprotected a-amino acid radical; when n is 2, the two protected or unprotected Ct -amino acid radicals A may be the sane or different; and B is unsubstituted or substituted C2 to Cs alkylene; and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

The compounds of formula I are useful as metalloprotease inhibitors, and particularly 15 useful as inhibitors of the TNF-a converting enzyme (TACE).

The applicant's related, divisional application, NZ relates to a method of treating a mammal having a disease characterized by an overproduction or an unregulated production of TNF- cc. The method comprises the steps of administering to the mammal a 20 composition an effective amount of a biologically active compound of formula II: O O II II X-[CH]m-CH-C-N-CH-C-[A]n-N-Y (II) I I H I H Rl R2 R3 wherein: X is the radical of hydroxamic acid, me reap to, phosphoryl or carboxyl; m is 0,1 or 2; R1, R2 and each independent of the other is hydrogen, alkylene(cycloalkyl), 35 OR4, SR4, N(r4)(r5), halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C] to Cs alkyl, Ci to Cs alkyleneaiyl, aiyl, a protected or unprotected side chain of a naturally occurring a-amino acid; or the group -R^R?, wherein R^ is Ci to C8 alkyl and R? is OR^, SR4, N(R4)(R5) or halogen, wherein R^ and R^ are each, independent of the other, hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted Ci to Cs alkyl; 40 n is 0,1 or 2; Y is hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted Ci to C8 alkyl, aikylene(cycloalkyl), the group -R8-COC>r9 or the group -R^N(R^ ^)(R^); wherein R^ is Cj to Cs I 1 2 6 AU3 K3/ 27 189 3 alkylene; R? is hydrogen or Ci to C8 alkyl; R1^ is unsubstituted or substituted Ci to C8 alkylene; and R* * and R*2 are each, independent of the other, hydrogen or Ci to C8 alkyl; provided that when n is 1, A is a protected or an unprotected a-amino acid radical; and when n is 2, the twa protected or unprotected a-amino acid radicals may be the same or different; and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; wherein the compound is capable of reducing serum TNF-a levels by at least 80% when administered at 25mg/kg in a murine model of LPS-induced sepsis syndrome; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

The discovery of useful inhibitors of the TACE metalloprotease has led to the discovery of further embodiments of the invention, including pharmaceutical compositions for treating the above-listed disorders comprising a compound according to formula II and protein having TNF-binding activity.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The invention is directed to a compound of formula I: O O II II X-[CH]m-CH-C-N-CH-C-[A]n-N-B-NH2 G) I I H I H R1 R2 R3 wherein: X is : the radical of hydroxamic acid, mercapto, phosphoryl or carboxyl; m is 0,1 or 2; Rl, R^ and R^ each independent of the other is hydrogen, alkylene(cycloalkyl), OR^, SR4, N(R4)(R5), halogen, substituted or unsubstituted Ci to Cs alkyl, C] to C8 alkylenearyl, aiyl, a protected or unprotected side chain of a naturally occurring a-amino.acid; or the group -R6R7, wherein R6 is substituted or unsubstituted Ci to Cs alkyl and R? is OR^, SR^, N(R4)(r5) or halogen, wherein R* and R^ are each, independent of the other, hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted Ci to C8 alkyl; n is 0,1 or 2; provided that when n is 1, A is a protected or an unprotected a-amino acid radical; N.2. WEc.VT OH ICE 2 8 m 199? 271893 when n is 2, the' two protected or unprotected <X-amino acid radicals A may be the same or different; and B is unsubstituted or substituted C2 to Cg alkylene; and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

The compounds of formula I are useful as inhibitors of TNF-a secretion, and particularly useful as inhibitors of the TNF-a convening enzyme (TACE).

The invention also relates to a method for treating a mammal having a condition or a disease characterized by overproduction or unregulated production of TNF-a, comprising administering to the mammal a composition comprising an effective amount of a biologically active compound of formula 31: O O II II X-[CH]m-CH-C-N-CH-C-[A]n-N-Y (II) I 1 HI H Rl R2 R3 wherein: Xis the radical of hydroxamic acid, nercapto, phosphoryl or carboxyl; m is 0,1 or 2; Rl, R.2 and R^ each independent of the other is hydrogen, alkylene(cycloalkyl), OR4, SR4, NOR4)^), halogen, substituted or unsubstituted Ci to C8 alkyl, Ci to 30 C8 alkylenearyl, aiyl, a protected or unprotected side chain of a naturally occurring a-amino acid; or the group -R^R?, wherein R^ is Ci to C8 alkyl and R^ is OR4, SR4, N(R4)(R5) or halogen, wherein R4 and R^ are each, independent of the other, hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted Cl to C8 alkyl; n is 0,1 or 2; Y is hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted Cl to Cg alkyl, alkylene(cycloalkyl), the group -R8-COOR9 or the group -R^N(r11)(R^2); wherein is Cl to C8 alkylene; R^ is hydrogen or Cl to Cg alkyl; R*0 is unsubstituted or substituted Cl to C8 alkylene; and R* * and R*2 are each, independent of the other, hydrogen or Ci to Cs alkyl; 40 provided that when n is 1, A is a protected or an unprotected a-amino acid radical; and 9 jH" N.?:. f.v v^T" 271893 when n is 2, the two protected or unprotected <t-amino acid radicals a may be the same or different? and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; wherein the compound is capable of reducing serum TNF levels by at least 80% when administered at 25mg/kg in a murine model of LPS-induced sepsis syndrome; and a pharmaceutically acceptable earner.

The invention includes pharmaceutical compositions containing a compound according to formula I as the active component. In addition, pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound according to formula II and a protein which binds TNF are described. An example of a protein which binds TNF is an anti-TNF antibody or a soluble TNF receptor which is described in EPA 0418014, assigned to the assignee of the instant application. The disclosure of EPA 0418014 is incorporated herein by reference.

The following definitions are used herein. "Alkyl" means a straight or branched, univalent, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms. Alkyl groups include the straight-chain groups methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, vinyl, allyl, butenyl, pentenyl, hexenyl, heptenyl and octenyl as well as the branched isomers thereof.

"Substituted alkyl" means an alkyl group substituted with one or more of hydroxy, amino, halogen, or thiol.

"Alkylene" means a bivalent alkyl group as defined above.

"Substituted alkylene" means an alkylene group substituted with one or more of hydroxy, amino, halogen or thiol groups.

"Aryl" means an aromatic or heteroaromatic group, including for example, phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, quinolyl, thienyl, furyl and the like, optionally substituted with one or more of Cl to C8 alkyl, hydroxy, amino, halogen, thiol or alkyl groups.

"Alkylene(cycloalkyl)" refers to groups of the structure -R13_r14 wherein R.13 is an alkylene as defined above, and R*4 is a univalent cyclic alkane radical, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and the like.

"Alkylenearyl" means the group -Rl5-Rl6t wherein R*5 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group as defined above, and R ^ is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group as defined above. r ft 8 A'.i:* -fen "a-Amino acid" refers to any of the 22 common amino acids, e.g., alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, cystine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, hydroxyproline, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, 5 threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine and valine.

"Protected amino acid" and "protected side chain of an a-amino acid" means the side chains of the amino acid are permanently or temporarily coupled to a chemical group which protects or prevents the side chain from undesired branching, structural modification or 10 rearrangement which can occur during subsequent synthetic steps. Use of such protecting groups for these purposes is well known in the art, as are the protecting groups themselves. Examples of common protecting groups are N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc) and N-9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc).

"Biologically active" as used in defining certain compounds of formula II, designates a compound capable of (a) inhibiting secretion of TNF-a; (b) preventing cleavage of membrane-bound TNF-a by TACE; or (c) reducing serum TNF levels by at least 80% when administered at 25 mg/kg in a standard murine model of LPS-induced sepsis syndrome.

In the compounds of formulas 1 and II, preferred radicals for X are hydroxamic acid, thiol and phosphoryl. More preferred X radicals are hydroxamic acid and thiol, while the most preferred radical is hydroxamic acid. The preferred value for m is 1.

Preferred R* or R2 radicals are hydrogen, Ci to C8 alkyl and Ci to Cs 25 alkylenearyl. Where R* or R2 is alkyl, preferred is Ci to C<j alkyl and most preferred is Ci to C4 alkyl. Where R* or R2 is alkylenearyl, preferred alkylene groups are Ci to C6 alkylene, and more preferred is Cl to C4 alkylene; and preferred aryl groups are phenyl and substituted phenyl. The most preferred alkylenearyl group for R* or R2 is Ci to C4 alkylenephenyl. The most preferred group for R* is hydrogen and the most preferred 30 group for R2 is isobutyl.

Preferred R3 radicals are substituted and unsubstituted Ci to C8 alkyl and Ci to C8 alkylenearyl. Where is alkyl, preferred is Ci to C6 alkyl and more preferred is C] to C4 alkyl, with t-butyl being most preferred. Where is Ci to C8 alkylenearyl, preferred 35 alkylene groups are Ci to C6 alkylene, and more preferred is Ci to C4 alkylene; and preferred aryl groups are phenyl, naphthyl, and thienyl, each optionally substituted with hydroxy, amino, halogen, thiol or alkyl groups. Preferred groups for are therefore Cl to C4 alkylenephenyl, Cl to C4 alkylenenaphthyl, and Ci to C4 alkytenethienyl. More 11 WO 95/06031 PCT/US94/09343 preferred is Ci to C4 alkylenenaphthyl, with methylenenaphthyl being most preferred. Where is a protected or unprotected side chain of a naturally occurring a-amino acid, R3 preferably is an arginine, lysine, tryptophan or tyrosine side chain. However, the most preferred radicals for R^ are t-buyl, methylene(cyclohexyl) and methylene-(2'naphthyl).

The radical A is preferably an unprotected naturally-occurring amino acid residue. More preferred naturally-occurring residues are the alanyl radical or an unprotected seryl radical. The most preferred radical for A is an alanyl residue. Further preferred compounds are those where n is 0 or 1, while most preferably n is 1.

Preferred radicals for B are C2 to Q> alkylene. More preferred radicals are C2 to C4 alkylene, with dimethylene being most preferred.

For compounds according to formula II, Y is preferably hydrogen, unsubstituted or 15 substituted Cj to Cs alkyl or the group -RlON(RH)(Rl2). Most preferred is the group -r10n(R* 1)(r12) with R^O preferably being unsubstituted or substituted C] to C6 alkylene, R* * and R*2 preferably are each independently hydrogen or Cl to Q; alkyl. More preferred R*0 radicals are unsubstituted or substituted Ci to C4 alkylene, with dimethylene being most preferred. More preferred radicals for R*0 and R* * are hydrogen or Cl to C4 20 alkyl, with hydrogen being most preferred.

Compounds according to the invention can be prepared utilizing the procedures outlined below, the appended reaction Schemes and the procedures detailed in the Examples below.

General Synthesis With reference to Scheme 1, the inhibitor compounds may be prepared by converting the carboxylic acid or ester compound (Io), wherein R is H or Cl to C8 alkyl, and P is CBZ, BOC, FMOC or other suitable protective group (Greene T., Wuts P., "Protective 30 Groups in Organic Synthesis", 2nd Ed.; Wiley: New York, 1991; Chapter 7), to the corresponding hydroxamic acid or hydroxamic ester compound Op). In compound (Ip), R1 is H, TMS, t-Bu, Bzl or other group made by treating these compounds, or an activated form of the carboxylic acid, (Bodanszky, M., Bodanszky, A., "The Practice of Peptide Synthesis"; Springer-Verlag: Berlin, 1984; Chapter II) with a hydroxylamine reagent under 35 conditions which effect the conversion. This is followed by the subsequent removal of the protective group P and R' to generate compound (Iq). The abbreviations used above correspond to the following: Bzl=benzyl; BOC=t-butoxycarbonyl; tBu=t-butyl; CBZ=benzyloxycarbonyl; FMOC=9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl; TMS=trimethylsilyl. 12 A hydroxylamine reagent described above can be hydroxylamine or alternatively, it can be an O-protected hydroxylamine such as commercially available O-trimethylsilyl hydroxylamine, O-tert-butylhydroxylamine, or O-benzylhydroxylamine.

The preparation of precursor compound (Io) may be carried out by condensing the dicarboxylate compound (Ie), with the amine (In), wherein R" is an activating group (Bodanszky, M.; et al., supra.) such as an active ester, anhydride or other group that causes condensation with the amine terminus of compound (In) to occur with formation of a peptide bond.

The preparation of compound (Ie) may be typically carried out as follows: the sodium salt of the 2-oxocarboxylate compound (la), is esterified with benzyl bromide to produce the benzyl ester (lb). Several examples of compound (la) are commercially available as various salts or carboxylic acids. Others can be made synthetically (see, for example, Nimitz, J. et al., J. Org. Chem. 46:211. 1981; and Weinstock, L.et al., Synth. Commun. H:943,1981). The benzyl ester compound (lb) is treated with a Wittig reagent, typically methyl or rerr-butyl triphenylphosphoranylidene acetate, to form the alkene (Ic), as a mixture of E- and Z- isomers Reduction of the alkene compound (Ic) is carried out with hydrogen, in the presence of an appropriate catalyst (typically palladium on activated charcoal), to both hydrogenate the double bond and to remove the benzyl ester, giving the mono-ester compound (Id) as a enantiomeric mixture. Compound (Ie) is obtained by treating the mono-ester compound (Id) using any of a variety of conventional carboxylate activation procedures.

The preparation of the amine compound (In) is achieved by condensing the compound (H) with the amine compound (Ik), wherein F is an amine protective group other than P, and R" is an activating group such as an active ester, anhydride or other group that causes condensation with the amine terminus of (Ik) to occur with formation of a peptide bond, to give compound (Im). Removal of F is accomplished under appropriate conditions (Bodanszky, M.; Bodanszky, A., "The Practice of Peptide Synthesis"; Springer-Verlag: Berlin, 1984; Chapter HI) to produce compound (In), either as corresponding amine or the amine salt Compound (II) is prepared from the commercially available N-protected carboxylic acid, or which can be synthesized by standard methods. 13 WO 95/060? 1 Preparation of (Ik) is carried ou£ by condensing the compound (Ii) with mono-protected diamine (Ih) wherein P is an amine protective group such as CBZ, BOC, FMOC or other suitable protective group; and P' is an amine protective group other than P, and R" is an activating group such as an active ester, anhydride or other group that causes condensation with the unprotected amine terminus of compound (Ih) to occur with formation of a amide bond to give compound (Ij). Removal of P' under appropriate conditions is accomplished to produce compound (Ik), either as the corresponding amine or the amine salt.

Precursor compound (Ih) is prepared in two steps from the amine-nitrile GO-Several examples of compound (If) are available commercially and others can be easily synthesized by classical methods. The amine-nitrile (If) is protected with an appropriate protective group reagent to produce the protected amine-nitrile (Ig). In compound Ig, P is typically CBZ, BOC or FMOC groups, but can be any other suitable group. The protected amine-nitrile (Ig) undergoes reduction with a reagent such as borane-methyl sulfide complex or sodium borohydride/cobalt (II) chloride, to give the mono-protected diamine (Ih) which can be isolated as its amine salt Compound (Ii) is prepared from the carboxyl form of the corresponding P'-protected dipeptide or P'-protected amino acid by conventional methods, or can be purchased commercially.

The compounds of formula II may be administered orally, parenterally, via inhalation, transdermally, intra-nasally, intra-ocularlly, mucosally, rectally and topically. Such administration may be in dosage unit formulations containing conventional adjuvants and carrier materials. The term "parenteral" as used herein includes subcutaneous injections, intravenous, intramuscular, intracistemal injection or infusion techniques.

The amount of active ingredient that may be combined with the carrier materials to produce a single dosage form will vary depending upon the host treated and the particular mode of administration. Such carrier materials are well known, and are described, for example, in European Patent Application No. 0 519 748, incorporated herein by reference. It will be understood, however, that the specific dose level for any particular patient will depend upon a variety of factors including the activity of the specific compound employed, the age, body weight, general health, sex, diet, time of administration, route of administration, rate of excretion, drug combination and the severity of the particular disease The following examples are illustrative of the invention. Thin layer chromotagraphy was performed using silica gel 60 F254 plates. Reaction schemes for Examples 1 through 9 are appended and follow Example 14. As used heren, "Compound A" refers to the compound N-{D,L-2-(hydroxyaminocarbonyl)methyl-4-methylpentanoyl }L-3-(2'naphthyl)-alanyl-L-alanine amide described by Spatola et al., Peptides: Chemistry and Biology, Proceedings of the 12th American Peptide Symposium, eds. Smith, J.A., Rivier, J.E., ESCOM, Leiden, Netherlands. Compound A was prepared using the following procedure, and a reaction scheme therefor is appended as reaction scheme A.

Preparation of Comtxmnd A Referring to reaction scheme A and scheme 2, a mixture of 2.0g (6.3 mmol) of N-BOC-Lo-(2'-naphthyl)alanine and 0.80g (6.9 mmol) of N-hydroxysuccinimide, and 1.8g (9.5 mmol) of l-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride in anhydrous N.N-dimethylformamide (10 m)) was stitTed for 90 minutes at room temperature. To this was added 1.2g (9.5 mmol) of L-alanine amide hydrochloride, followed by 1.4 ml (9.5 mmol) of triethylamine dissolve/1 in 5 ml of anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide. After stirring at room temperature for 14 hours, the solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (200 ml) and washed with 1M HC1 (3x50 ml), water (2x50 ml), saturated sodium bicarbonate (2x50 ml) and finally brine (50 re!). After drying over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, the solution was filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give 2.1g (86%) yield) of N-BOC-L-3-(2'-.iaphthyl)alanyl-L-alanine amide (Al) as a white solid. TLC: Rf 0.16 (chloroform-isoj ropanol 19:1); NMR (d6-DMSO) 8 1.15 (m,3H), 1.24(s,9H), 3.05(m,2H), 4.23(m,2H), 7.02(s,lH), 7.07(s,2H), 7.35(s,lH), 7.47(m,2H), 7.71(s,lH), 7.82(m,3H), 7.98(d,lH).

A suspension of 1.8g (4.7 mmol) of (Ai) in dichloromethane (15 ml) was cooled vv-ith an ice bath. Trifluoroacetic acid (15 ml) was added and the homogeneous solution was stirred at ca. 5 °C for 5 minutes, then allowed to warm to room temperature. After 1 hour the dichloromethane and the trifluoroacetic acid were removed in vacuo . The residue was dissolved in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (18 ml) containing 5.6 ml (33 mmol) of triethylamine. To this was added 1.2g (4.2 mmol) of (Id) in one portion. After stirring for 14 hours, the N,N-dimethylformamide was removed in vacuo to give a residue. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (250 ml) and washed with 1M HC1 (2x75 ml), water (75 ml), saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (2x75 ml) and finally brine (75 ml). After drying over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, the solution was filtered and concentrated to produce 1.5g (89% yield) of N-{D,L-2-(methoxycarbonyl)methyl-4-methylpentanoyl}-L-3-(2'-naphthyl)alanyl-L-alanine amide (A2) as a white solid. TLC: Rf 0.57 (chloroform-isopropanol 9:1); MS: mJe 455 (M+) WO 95/06031 PCT/US94/09343 Under an atmosphere of argon, a mixture of 0.62g (11 mmol) of KOH in 2.8mi of hot methanol was combined with a mixture of 0.61 g (8.8 mmol) of hydroxylamine hydrochloride in 2.8 ml of hot methanol. After cooling in an ice bath, the reaction was 5 filtered into a flask containing l.Og (2.2 mmol) of (A2) and 1 ml of anhydrous N,N dimethylformamide. After stirring for 18 hours, the solvent was removed in vacuo . The solid was dissolved in hot ethyl acetate (250 ml) and washed with 16 ml of 10% potassium bisulfate solution. The organic phase was heated to its boiling point before drying over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Filtration and subsequent concentration of the filtrate in vacuo 10 produced a solid, which was triturated with ether (50 ml) and collected by filtration to give 0.77g (77% yield) of N-{D,L-2-(hydroxyaminocarbonyl)methyl-4-methylpentanoyl}-L-3-(2'-naphthyl)alanyl-L-alanine amide (A) as a white solid. The diastereomers of (A) were separated and purified by reverse phase HPLC using a Ci 8 column, eluting with water containing 0.1% trifluoracetic acid with a gradient of acetonitrile (0-60% in 30 minutes) and 15 also containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid, ("Method A"), to give a purified early eluting diastercomer and a purified late eluting diastereomer, which had retention times of 21 and 23 minutes respectively. TLC: Rf 0.13 (chloroform-methanol 9:1) *H NMR(d6-DMSO) 8 0.63(d,3H), 0.72(d,3H), 0.90(m,lH), 1.21 (d,3H), 1.26(m,2H), 1.86(m,2H), 2.63(m,lH), 2.99(m,lH), 3.24(m,lH), 4.18(q,lH), 4.55 (m,lH), 20 7.05(s,lH), 7.28(s,lH), 7.48(m,3H), 7.72(s,lH), 7.83(m,3H), 7.91(d,lH), 8.27(d,lH); 13C NMR (D2O/CD3CN) 8 17.7, 21.8, 23.1, 26.0, 36.3, 37.4, 41.5, 42.2, 50.1, 55.5, 126.7, 127.1, 128.2, 128.5, 128.8, 129.0, 133.2, 134.2, 135.6, 170.4, 173.0, 177.4, 177.5.

MS: m/e 456 (M+) EXAMPLE 1 Synthesis of N-fD.L-2-(hvdroxvaminocarbonvl)methvl-4-methvlpentanovll-L-3-(2'-naphthvl)alanvl-L-alanine. 2-aminoethvl amide (Compound 1) H Yy 9Ha H HO-HN-^ U £ H il HOAi 16 WO 95/06031 PCT/US94/09343 With reference to reaction Scheme 2, a slurry of 25g (0.164 mol) of the sodium salt of 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid, sodium salt in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (50 ml) containing 19.6 ml (0.164 mol) of benzyl bromide was agitated at room temperature for 4 days. The solvent was removed in vacuo . The residue was dissolved in 250 ml of hexane 5 and washed with water (3x50 ml) and brine (50 ml) . After drying over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, the solution was filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give 33.2g (92% yield) of benzyl 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate (la) as a viscous, colorless oil. TLC: Rf 0.70 (ethyl acetate-hexane 1:4); NMR(CDCl3) 8 0.94(d, 6H), 2.18(m,lH), 2.71(d, 2H), 5.26(s, 2H), 7.37(m, 5H); NMR (CDCI3) 8 22.5, 24.2, 48.1, 67.9, 128.7, 128.8, 10 128.9, 134.7, 161.3, 194.0.

A solution of 26.4g (0.120 mol) of benzyl ester (la) and 40.Ig (0.120 mol) of methyl (triphenylphosphoranylidene)acetate in dichloromethane (410 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. Removal of the dichloromethane in vacuo produced a solid which 15 was triturated with several volumes of hexane (4x100 ml). The hexane volumes were collected by filtration, combined and concentrated in vacuo to produce an oil which was distilled at reduced pressure (bp. 138-157 °C/0.8mm Hg) to obtain 27.8g (84% yield) of purified benzyl E,Z-2-isobutyl-3-(methoxycarbonyl)propenoate (lb) as a yellow oil. TLC: Rf 0.53 and 0.67; E and Z isomers (ethyl acetate-hexane 1:4); NMR(CDCl3) 8 0.91(m, 6H, 20 CH(CH3)2), 1.85(m,lH, CH(( £3)2), 2.23(Z) and 2.79(E) (d, 2H, C=CCH2), 3.62(Z) and 3.74(E) (s, 3H, C02CH3), 5.23(E) and 5.27(Z) (s, 2K, CO2CH2C6H5), 5.82(Z) and 6.82(E) (s, IH, CH=C), 7.35(m, 5H, C6H5).

A suspension of 4.0g of 10% palladium on activated carbon in a solution of 27.2g 25 (0.098 mol) of (lb) dissolved in 75 ml of methanol was agitated under 4 atmospheres of hydrogen for 24 hours. Removal of the catalyst by filtration and concentration of the filtrate in vacuo gave an oil which was distilled at reduced pressure (bp.ll5-121oC/0.5nrai Hg) to obtain 12.7g (68%) of D,L-2-isobutyl-3-(methoxyc.arbonyl)propionic acid (lc) as a colorless oil. JH NMR(CDCl3) 8 0.94 (m, 6H), 1.36(m,lH), 1.63(m, 2H), 2.58(m, 2H), 30 2.95(m, IH), 3.70(s, 3H), 10.8(bs,lH); NMR (CDCI3) 8 22.1, 22.3, 25.6, 35.8, 39.2, 40.8, 51.7, 172.2, 181.3.

A solution of 12.3g (0.065 mol) of (lc) and 7.5g (0.065 mol) of N-hydroxysuccinimide dissolved in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (100 ml) was cooled to ca. 5 °C 35 with an ice bath. A solution of 13.5g (0.065 mol) of 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide dissolved in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (50 ml) was added. The mixture was stirred at ca. 5 JC for 1 hour, then allowed to stand overnight under refrigeration. After removal of the vicyclohexylurea by-product by filtration, the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to produce a 17 WO 95/06031 PCT/US94/09343 solid, which was recrystallized from ethyl acetate-hexane to give 14.5g (78% yield) of DJL-2-isobutyl-3-(methoxycarbonyl)propionic acid, N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester (Id) as a white solid. TLC: Rf 0.46 (chloroform-isopropanol 19:1); *H NMR(CDCl3) 8 0.97(m, 6H), 1.61(m,2H), 1.80(m, IH), 2.72(m, 2H), 2.84(s, 4H), 3.74(s, 3H); 13c NMR 5 (CDCI3) 8 21.9, 22.5, 25.5, 36.2, 37.2, 41.0, 52.0, 168.8, 170.6, 171.0.

To a solution of 24.9g (0.10 mol) of benzyl succinimidylcarbonate and 10.2g (0.11 mol) of aminoacetonitrile hydrochloride dissolved in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (100 ml) was added 15.4 ml (0.1 lmol) of triethylamine over a period of 10 30 minutes at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 hours. Removal of the N,N-dimethylformamide in vacuo produced a residue which was dissolved in 350 ml of ethyl acetate. The solution was washed with water (350 ml), 2M HQ (3x50 ml) and brine (50 ml). After drying over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, the solution was filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give 17.3g (91% yield) of N-CBZ-aminoacetonitrile 15 (le) as an amber solid. TLC: Rf 0.65 (ethyl acetate-hexane 1:1); *H NMR(CDCl3) 8 4.05(d, 2H), 5.13(s, 2H), 5.46(bt, IH), 7.35(bs, 5H); 13c NMR (CDCI3) 8 29.5, 67.9, 116.2, 128.3, 128.5, 128.7, 135.5, 155.7.

Under an atmosphere of dry argon, 24.3g (0.128 mol) of N-CBZ-aminoacetonitrile 20 (le) was dissolved in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (32 ml). The solution was stirred and 64 ml of borane-methylsulfide complex (2M in tetrahydrofuran) was added via syringe. The mixture was heated to reflux and stirred overnight The mixture was cooled with an ice bath as 5 ml of water was added slowly, with vigorous stirring. The stirring was continued for ca. 5 minutes, then 75 ml of 6M HC1 was slowly added. The mixture was stirred for 1 25 hour, thin the excess tetrahydrofuran and dimethyl sulfide was removed in vacuo . The aqueous residue was extracted with ether (2x50 ml). The ether extracts were then discarded. The pH of the aqueous residue was raised to 11 by adding concentrated NH4OH. The resulting aqueous solution was extracted with ethyl acetate (3x100 ml) and the ethyl acetate extracts were combined and washed with brine (50 ml). After drying over anhydrous 30 magnesium sulfate, the solution was filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting oil was dissolved in 30 ml of anhydrous methanol, treated with cold methanolic HC1 and concentrated in vacuo to produce a solid. The solid was triturated with ether and collected by filtration to give 15.1g (51% yield) of N-CBZ-ethylenediamine hydrochloride (If) as a white powder. *H NMROD2O) 8 3.15(m, 2H), 3.46(m, 2H), 5.14(s, 2H), 7.46(bs, 5H); 35 13c NMR (D2O) 8 41.1, 42.6, 70.4, 131.0, 131.3, 131.7, 132.0, 139.4, 161.7.

A solution of lO.Og (0.043 mol) of (If) and 10.3g (0.036 mol) of N-BOC-L-alanine, N-hydroxysuccinimide ester in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (50 ml) was 18 WO 95/06031 PCT/US94/09343 cooled with an ice bath. To this was added 7.6 ml (0.054 mol) of triethylamine in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (20 ml) over a period of 30 minutes. The reaction was stirred at ca. 5 °C for 1 hour, then at room temperature for 1 hour. The N,N-dimethylformamide was removed in vacuo and the resulting residue was dissolved in 300 5 ml of ethyl acetate. The solution was washed with 1M HC1 (3x100 ml), water (100 ml), saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (3x100 ml) and finally, with brine (100 ml). After drying over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, the solution was filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give 12.4g (94% yield) of N-BOC-L-alanine, 2-(benzyIoxycarbonylamino)ethyl amide (lg) as a white solid. TLC: Rf 0.67 (chloroform-isopropanol 9:1); *** NMR(CDCl3) 10 8 1.27(d, 3H), 1.40(s, 9H), 3.32(m, 4H), 4.15(m, IH), 5.06(s, 2H), 5.51(d, IH), 5.90(m,lH), 7.19(m, IH), 7.31(bs, 5H); 13c NMR (CDCI3) 8 18.5, 28.2, 39.6, 40.5, 50.1, 66.5, 79.8, 127.9, 128.3, 136.3, 155.4, 156.9, 173.7.

A solution of 12.0g (0.033 mol) of (lg) in 25 ml of dichloromethane was cooled 15 with an ice bath and 25 ml of trifluoroacetic acid was added. The solution was stirred at ca 5 °C for 20 minutes, then allowed to stir to room temperature. After 90 minutes, the dichloromethane and trifluoroacetic acid were removed in vacuo. The resulting residue was dissolved in 200 ml of ethyl acetate and washed with 2M sodium hydroxide (200 ml) and brine (100 ml). After drying over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, the solution was filtered 20 and concentrated in vacuo to produce 7.86g (90% yield) of L-alanine, 2-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)ethyl amide (lh) as a white solid. NMR(CDCl3) 8 1.28(d, 3H), 2.09(m, 2H), 3.33(m, 4H), 3.47(q, IH), 5.07(s, 2H), 5.59(bt, IH), 7.33(bs, 5H), 7.69(bt, 1H);13c NMR (CDCI3) 8 21.3, 39.5, 40.9, 50.4, 66.6, 128.0, 128.1, 128.4, 136.4, 156.9, 176.7.

Under an atmosphere of dry argon, a solution of 8.9g (0.028 mol) of N-BOC-L-3-(2'-naphthyl)alanine and 3.2 ml (0.028 mol) of 4-methylmorpholine in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (20 ml) was cooled to -15 °C and treated with 3.67 ml (0.028 mol) of isobutyl chloroformate. The mixture was stirred at -15 °C for 30 minutes, then a solution of 30 7.5g (0.028 mol) of (lh) and 3.2 ml (0.028 mol) of 4-methylmorpholine in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (20 ml) was added slowly, over 10 minutes. The reaction was stirred at -15 °C for 2 hours, then at room temperature for 18 hours. The N,N-dimethylformamide was removed in vacuo and the resulting solid was dissolved in 1 liter of hot ethyl acetate. The hot solution was washed with 1M HC1 (3x150 ml), water (150 ml), 35 saturated sodium bicarbonate (3x150 ml) and finally with brine (150 ml). After drying over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, the ihot solution was concentrated in vacuo. The resulting yellow solid was triturated with 400 ml of cold 1:3 ethyl acetate-hexane and collected by filtration to give 14.5g (91% yield) of N-BOC-L-3-(2'-na;">hthyl)alanyl-L-alanine, 2- 19 WO 95/06031 PCT/US94/09343 (benzyloxycarbonylamino)ethyl amide (li) as a white solid. TLC: Rf 0.59 (chloroform-isopropanol 9:1); NMR(CDCl3) 5 1.26(d, 3H), 1.35(s, 9H), 3.16(m, 6H). 4.42(m, IH), 4.50(m, IH), 5.07(s, 2H), 5.25(d, IH), 5.69(m, 1H), 6.82(m, IH), 6.90(d, IH), 7.29(s, 1H), 7.31(bs, 5H), 7.45(m, 2H), 7.61(s, 1H), 7.76(m,3H);13c NMR (CDCI3) 5 5 18.0, 28.2, 38.2, 39.7, 40.6, 49.0, 55.9, 66.6, 80.6, 125.8, 126.2, 127.2, 127.5, 127.6, 127.9, 128.0, 128.4, 132.4, 133.3, 133.8, 134.2, 155.4, 156.7, 171.4, 172.4.

A suspension of 2.5g (0.0044 mol) of (li) in dichloromethane (10 ml) was cooled with an ice bath and 10 ml of trifluoroacetic acid was added. The homogeneous solution 10 was stirred at ca. 5 °C for 20 minutes, then allowed to warm to room temperature. After 90 minutes the dichloromethane and trifluoroacetic acid were removed in vacuo. The resulting residue was dissolved in 100 ml of ethyl acetate and washed with 2M NaOH (3x50 ml), water (50 ml) and brine (50 ml). The non-homogeneous solution w, s transferred to a flask containing 100 ml of absolute ethanol, and heated until it became homogeneous. The hot 15 solution was dried over a small amount of anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to obtain a solid. The solid was triturated wi% cold 1:3 ethyl acetate-hexane and collected by filtration to give 1.46g (71% yield) of L-'/-(2'-naphthyl)alanyl-L-alanine, 2-(benzyloxy-carbonyl-amino)-ethyl amide (lj) as a white solid. *H NMR(CDCl3) 8 1.33(d, 3H), 1.60(bs, 2H), 2.83(m, IH), 3.34(m, 5H), 3.82(m, IH), 4.44(m, IH), 20 5.07(s, 2H), 5.33(t, IH), 6.92(t, IH), 7.31(bs, 5H), 7.36(s, IH), 7.48(m, 2H), 7.65(s, IH), 7.72(d, IH), 7.81 (m, 3H);13c NMR (CDCI3) 8 17.6, 40.6, 40.7, 40.9, 48.6, 56.1, 66.9, 125.4, 125.8, 127.2, 127.4, 127.5, 127.8, 127.9, 128.4, 132.4, 133.4, 135.1, 136.5, 156.1, 172.7, 174.7.

To a solution of 1.4g (0.003 mol) of (lj) and 0.42 ml (0.003 mol) of triethylamine dissolved in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (2 ml) was added 0.87g (0.003 mol) of (Id). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The N,N-dimethylformamide was removed in vacuo. The resulting residue was dissolved in 200 ml of hot ethyl acetate and washed with 1M HC1 (3x50 ml), water (50 ml), saturated sodium 30 bicarbonate solution (3x50 ml) and finally brine (50 ml). After drying over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, the hot ethyl acetate solution was filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give 1.7g (89% yield) of D,L-2-(methoxycarbonyl)methyl-4-methylpentanoyl-L-3-(2'-naphthyl)-alanyl-L-alanine, 2-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)ethyl amide (lk) as an off-white solid. TLC: Rf 0.32 (chloroform-isopropanol 19:1) Under an atmosphere of argon, a mixture of 2.66g (0.047 mol) of KOH in 12 ml of hot methanol was combined with a mixture of 2.63g (0.037 mol) of hydroxylamine hydrochloride in 12 ml of hot methanol. After cooling in an ice bath, the reaction was WO 95/06031 PCT/US94/09343 filtered into a flask containing 6.0g (0.0095 mol) of (lk) and 12 ml of anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide. After stirring under argon for 18 hours, the solvent was removed in vacuo. The resulting solid was triturated with 100 ml of ethyl acetate and collected by filtration to give 5.2g (86% yield) of D,L-2-(hydroxyaminocarbonyl)methyl-4-5 methylpentanoyl-L-3-(2'-naphthyl)alanyl-L-alan-ine, 2-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)ethyl amide (lm) as an off white solid. TLC: Rf 0.23 and 0.36 (chloroform-isopropanol 9:1); 13c NMR(d6-DMSO) 8 18.0, 21.7, 23.2, 25.1, 35.7, 36.6, 37.3, 38.7, 40.7, 40.8, 48.5, 54.0, 65.3, 125.3, 125.9, 127.3, 127.4, 127.7, 127.9, 128.3, 131.8, 132.9, 135.7, 136.0, 137.1, 156.1, 167.1, 170.7, 172.7, 174.7.

MS; mle 634 (M+).

A suspension of l.Og of 10% palladium on activated carbon in a solution of 2.0g (0.0031 mol) of (lm) dissolved in glacial acetic acid (75 ml) was agitated under 4 atmospheres of hydrogen for 24 hours. Removal of the catalyst by filtration, and 15 concentration of the filtrate in vacuo produced a residue which was triturated with 50 ml of ether and dried in vacuo to give 2.0g of crude DJL-2-(hydroxyaminocarbonyl)methyl-4-methylpentanoyl-L-3-(2'-naphthyl)alanyl-L-alanine, 2-(amino)ethyl amide (1).

The diastereomers of (1) were separated by reverse phase HPLC using a Cl8 20 column and eluting with water containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid with a gradient of acetonitrile (0-60% in 30 minutes) also containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (hereinafter "Method A"). The purified diastereomers (In) and (lo) had retention times of 20 and 22 minutes, respectively. Diastereomer (In) showed the following NMR data. 13c NMR(D20) 8 24.6, 28.9, 29.1, 30.3, 33.2, 43.4, 44.8, 47.0, 48.6, 49.1, 57.6, 62.8, 25 134.2, 134.6, 135.3, 135.6, 135.8, 135.9, 136.4, 140.2, 141.2, 142.1, 178.3, 180.8, 183.1, 185.4.

MS:m/e 500 (M+).

The following is an alternative method, which is a preferred method, for preparing 30 compound 1(c) such that a greater ratio of the desired stereoisomer (R) is produced as compared to the undesired stereoisomer (S). The reaction steps and reference numerals for the respective compounds are shown in Reaction Scheme 10.

By following the procedure of Newman, M. S.; Kutner, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 35 1951,73 ,4199, a solution of sodium methoxide was prepared by dissolving 1.29g (0.056 mol) of sodium in 15ml of anhydrous methanol, which was added to a slurry of 25g (0.242 mol) of L-valinol in 500 ml of diethyl carbonate. The reaction mixture was then heated for 2 hours, with 200ml of distillate collected in the temperature range of 75-123 °C. The distillate 21 WO 95/06031 PCT/US94/09343 P was discarded and the reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature and stand overnight. The excess diethyl carbonate was removed from the reaction mixture in vacuo by rotary evaporation to give a residue. The residue was dissolved in 500ml of ethyl acetate and washed with water (3 x 200ml) and brine (200ml). After drying over anhydrous magnesium 5 sulfate, the solution was filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give a white solid. The solid was recrystallized from ethyl acetate-hexane to produce 23.2g (74% yield) of (S)-4-isopropyl-2-oxazolidinone 12(a) as white needles. TLC of 12(a): Rf 0.50 (ethyl acetate-hexane 3:1) ; JH NMR (CDCI3) d 0.90(d, J = 6.7Hz, 3H), 0.97(d, J = 6.7Hz, 3H), 1.72(m, IH), 3.63(m, IH), 4.10(dd, J = 8.7, 6.4Hz, IH), 4.45(m, IH), 7.32(bs, IH); 10 13C NMR (CDCI3) d 17.5, 17.8, 32.6, 58.3, 68.5, 160.7.

Following the procedure of Vogel, A. In Vogel's Practical Organic Chemistry, 4th Ed.; Wiley & Sons: New York, 1978; p 498 and 1208,4-methylpentanoyl chloride 12(b) was prepared by adding dropwise with stirring, 38ml (0.52 mol) of thionyl chloride to 50g 15 (0.43 mol) of 4-methylvaleric acid over 30 minutes. The mixture was heated during the addition, leading to vigorous HC1 gas evolution. When the thionyl chloride addition was completed, the reaction mixture was refluxed for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was distilled, with collection of the distillate between 135 and 148 °C. The material was re-distilled and 47.3g (81% yield) of 4-methylvaleroyl chloride 12(b) was collected between 143 and 148 20 °C as a colorless liquid. >H NMR (CDCI3) d 0.92(d, J = 6.2 Hz, 6H), 1.62(m, 3H), 2.90(t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H); 13C NMR (CDCI3) d 22.0, 212, 33.6, 45.3, 173.9.

Following the procdure of Evans, D. A.; Bartroli, J.; Shih, T. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981,103, 2127, a solution of 32.3g (0.25 mol) of 12(a) in 500ml of anhydrous 25 tetrahydrofuran was cooled to -78 °C and 100ml of 2.5M (0.25 mol) n-butyllithium in hexanes was added. When the addition was complete, the mixture was stirred at -78 °C for 10 minutes, then warmed to 0 °C and stirred for 20 minutes. The reaction mixture was cooled to -78 °C and 34.6ml (0.25 mol) of 12(b) was added over 10 minutes. Stirring was continued at -78 °C for one hour, then the reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room 30 temperature overnight. The tetrahydrofuran was removed in vacuo by rotary evaporation to produce an orange residue.

The residue was dissolved in 750ml of ethyl acetate and washed with water (2 x 250ml) and brine (3 x 100ml). After drying over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, the solution 35 was filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give 60g of orange oil. 22 WO 95/06031 PCT/US94/09343 The oil was purified in two batches by flash chromatography on silica gel 60 (500 g). The product was eluted with 1 ;4 ethyl acetate:hexane to produce 48.6g (86%) of 12(c) as a pale yellow oil. TLC: Rf 0.42 (1:4 ethyl acetate-hexane) m NMR (CDCL3) d 0.88(d, J = 6.9Hz, 3H), 0.92(m, 9H), 1.57(m, 3H), 2.37(m, 5 IH), 2.93(m, 2H), 4.25(m, 2H), 4.44(m, IH); "C NMR (CDCT3) d 14.5, 17.9, 22.2, 27.6, 28.3, 33.2, 33.5, 58.3, 63.2, 153.9, 173.5.

Following the procedure of Evans, D.A.; Ennis, M.D.; Mathre, D J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982,104 ,1737, a mixture of 16.3ml (0.116 mol) of diisopropylamine and 200ml 10 of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran was cooled to -5 °C under an atmosphere of dry argon, and 46.5ml (0.116 mol) of n-butyllithium (2.5 M in hexanes) was added. The mixture was stiired at -5 °C for 25 minutes, then cooled to -78 °C. A solution of 24.0g (0.106 mol) of 12(c) in 67ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran was added, and the reaction mixture was stirred at -78 °C for 30 minutes. The reaction was allowed to warm to -5 °C and 27.4 ml 15 (0.317 mol) of allyl bromide was added. The mixture was stirred at -5 °C for 4 hours then 10 ml of water was added, followed by removal of the tetrahydrofuran by rotary evaporation to give an oil. The oil was dissolved in ethyl acetate (500ml) and washed with water (125 ml) and brine (3 x 125 ml). After drying over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, the solution w$s filtered and concentrated in vacuo by rotary evaporation to produce an oil. The oil was 20 purified by filtering it through lOOg of silica gel 60 with 1.25 liters of 1:4 ethyl acetate-hexane. Five fractions of 250 ml each were collected. Each fraction was checked by TLC. The fractions containing purified product were combined and the solvent was removed by rotary evaporation to give 26.8g (95% yield) of 12(d) as a colorless oil. TLC : Rf 0.52 (1:4 ethyl acetate-hexane). >H NMR (CDCI3) d 0.89(m, 12H), 1.28(m,lH), 1.53(m, IH), 25 1.65(m, IH), 2.33(m, 3H), 4.06(m, IH), 4.23(m, 2H), 4.46(m, IH), 5.04(m, 2H), 5.80(m, IH); NMR (CDCI3) d 14.5, 18.0, 22.5, 22.8, 26.0, 28.3, 37.5, 40.2, 40.3, 58.5, 62.9, 117.0, 135.1, 153.6, 176.1.

Generally following the methods of Evans, D.A.; Ennis, MJD.; Mathre, D J. /. Am. 30 Chem. Soc. 1982,104 , 1737, a solution of 20.2g (0.187 mol) of anhydrous benzyl alcohol dissolved in 63ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran was cooled to -5 °C under a dry argon atmosphere and 56.1ml (0.140 mol) of n-butyllithium (2.5 M in hexanes) was added over 10 minutes. The reaction mixture was stirred at -5 °C for 20 minutes, then a solution of 25.0g (0.0934 mol) of 12(d) dissolved in 380 ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (pre-cooled 35 to -5°C) was added. The reaction was stirred at -5 °C for 2 hours, then water (50ml) was added. The reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature. The tetrahydrofuran was removed by rotary evaporation to produce a residue. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (250ml) and washed with water (125ml) and brine (125ml). After drying over 23 WO 95/06031 PCT/US94/09343 anhydrous magnesium sulfate, the solution was filtered and concentrated by rotary evaporation to produce an oil. The oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (240g). The product was eluted with 97:3 hexane-ethyl acetate to give 38.9g (85%) of 12(e) as a pale yellow oil. The chiral auxiliary 12(a) was eluted with ethyl acetate forre-5 use (40% recovery). TLC of 12(e): Rf 0.80 (1:4 ethyl acetate-hexane). NMR (CDCI3) d 0.86(d, J = 6.8 Hz, 3H), 0.88(d, J = 6.8 Hz, 3H), 1.27(m, IH), 1.57(m, 2H), 2.23(m, IH), 2.33(m, IH), 2.58(m, IH), 5.01(m, 2H), 5.10(s, 2H), 5.71(m, IH), 7.33(m, 5H); NMR (CX>Cl3) d 21.9, 22.9, 26.0, 37.0, 41.0, 43.4, 65.9, 116.7, 128.0, 128.1, 128.4, 135.3, 136.0, 175.5.

By generally following the procedures of Carlsen, P.H.J.; Katsuki, T.; Martin, V.S.; Sharpless, K.B. /. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 3936, a suspension of 38.0g (0.154 mol) of 12(e) and 145g (0.679 mol) of sodium periodate in 330 ml of acetonitrile, 330 ml of carbon tetrachloride and 497 ml water was stirred at 0 °C, while 0.83g (2.4 mol%) of 15 ruthenium trichloride hydrate was added. The mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 15 minutes, then allowed to stir to room temperature for 4 hours. The reaction was filtered to remove the solid, using 500ml of dichloromethane and 250ml of water to rinse the solid collected. The filtrate was tranferred to a separatory funnel and the layers were separated. After drying over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, the lower(dichloromethane) layer was filtered and 20 concentrated in vacuo by rotary evaporation to produce a dark oil. The oil was purified with two successive flash chromatography columns [each column: 500 grams of silica gel 60, eluted with 1900ml of 1:4 ethyl acetate:hexane, and 1000 ml of ethyl acetate] to produce 26.6 (65% yield) of 12(f) as a viscous oil.

TLC of 12(f): Rf 0.10 (1:4 ethyl acetate-hexane). *H NMR (CDCI3) d 0.88(d, J 25 = 6.2 Hz, 3H), 0.92(d, J = 6.4 Hz, 3H), 1.33(m, IH), 1.60(m, 2H), 2.49(dd, J = 17.0, 4.8 Hz, IH), 2.77(dd, J = 17.0, 9.5 Hz, IH), 2.94(m, IH), 5.15(s, 2H), 7.35(m, 5H), ll.l(bs, IH); 13C NMR (CDCI3) d 22.2, 22.4, 25.7, 36.1, 39.2, 41.0, 66.4, 128.0, 128.1, 128.4, 135.8, 174.9, 178.2.

Ethereal diazomethane (Aldrich Chemical Co. Technical Information Bulletin No.

AL-180) was slowly added to a solution of 22g (0.083 mol) of 12(f) in 50 ml of diethyl ether until the reaction mixture remained yellow with swirling. The reaction mixture was back titrated to colorlessness with 1:9 acetic acid-diethyl ether. After drying over anhydrous magnesium sulfate the colorless solution was filtered and concentrated in vacuo by rotary 35 evaporation to produce a viscous oil. The oil was dissolved inlOOml of methanol and transferred to a Parr bottle containing 1.0g of 10% palladium on charcoal catalyst and shaken under 4 atm. of hydrogen for 6 hours at room temperature. The mixture was filtered through celite and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo by rotary evaporation to produce an oil. The 24 WO 95/06031 PCT7US94/09343 • oil was vacuum distilled to give 13.9 g (89% yield) of 12(f) as a colorless oil; b.p. 110-123 °C / 0.2mmHg.

TLC of 12(0: Rf 0.15 (3:7 ethyl acetate-hexane) TLC of methyl ester intermediate: Rf 0.73 (3:7 ethylacetate-hexane) TLC of 1(c): 5 Rf 0.23 (3:7 ethyl acetate-hexane). NMR of 1(c) (CDCI3) d 0.91(d, J = 6.3 Hz, 3H), 0.95(67.4 Hz, 3H), 1.33(m, 1H), 1.64(m, 2H), 2.45(dd, J = 16.7, 11.43(bs, IH); 13C NMR of 1(c) (CDCI3) d 22.2, 22.4, 25.7, 35.8, 39.3, 40.9, 51.8, 172.3, 181.6.

EXAMPLE 2 Synthesis of N- f D.L-2-fhvdroxvanriinocaifronvttmethvl-3-methvlbutanovl 1 -L-3-(2'- naphthvlVL-alanine amide (Compounds 2 and 3) HO-HN \7 Referring to Scheme 3, Compound (2d) was synthesized from the sodium salt of the 15 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid by the sequence of reactions used to prepare compound (Id) from 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid, sodium salt.

Compound (2a): 73% yield; bp. 100-121 °C/0.3mmHg; XH NMR(CDCl3) 8 1.13(d,6H), 3.24(m,lH), 5.27(s,2H), 7.37(m,5H); 13c 20 NMR(CDCl3) 8 17.0, 37.0, 67.6, 128.4, 128.5, 128.6, 134.5, 161.5, 197.7.

Compound (2b): 58% yield; bp. 125-147 °C/0.6mmHg; TLC: Rf 0.54(ethyl acetate-hexane 1:4); *H NMR(CDCl3) 8 l.ll(d,6H), 2.66(m,lH), 3.62(s, 3H), 5.27(s,2H), 5.79(s,lH), 7.35(m,5H); 13c NMR (CDCI3) 8 20.4, 32.7, 25 51.5, 67.0, 117.0, 128.2, 128.3, 128.5, 135.3, 156.2, 165.4, 168.4.

Compound (2c): 76% yield; bp. 115-119 °C/0.7mmHg; TLC: Rf 0.09 (ethyl acetate-hexane 1:4); lH NMR(CDCl3) 8 0.96(d,3H), 0.99(d,3H), 2.09(m,lH), 2.43(m,lH), 2.76(m,3H), 3.69(s,3H); 13c NMR(CDCl3) 8 19.1, 19.8, 29.7, 32.1, 47.0, 51.7, 172.8, 30 180.4.

WO 95/06031 PCT/US94/09343 Compound (2d): 55% yield; TLC: Rf 0.60(chloroform-isopropanol 19:1); *H NMR(CDCl3) 8 1.06(d,3H), 1.08(d,3H), 2.12(m,lH), 2.58(m,lH), 2.84(m,5H), 3.07(m, IH), 3.72(s,3H); ^C NMR(CDCl3) 8 19.4, 19.6, 25.6, 30.3, 33.1, 45.2, 52.1, 168.9, 169.6, 171.5.

The diastereomers (2) and (3) can be made from L-3-(2'-naphthyl)alanine amide hydrochloride (8b) and compound (2d), using the sequence of reactions used to prepare Compound (1) from Compounds (lj) and (Id). Compounds (2) and (3) were separated by reverse phase HPLC as described above.

Compound (2): HPLC retention time (Method A) 21 minutes. IH NMR(CD3CN/D20) 8 0.19(d,3H), 0.50(d,3H), 1.38(m,lH), 2.24(m,3H), 2.95(m,lH), 3.50(m,lH), 4.68(m,lH), 7.48(m,3H), 7.76(s,lH), 7.83(m,3H); ^C NMR (CD3CN/D2O) 8 20.2, 20.3, 31.1, 33.4, 38.0, 50.2, 55.5, 126.7, 127.2, 128.4, 128.6, 129.1, 129.2, 133.8, 134.4, 136.6, 171.5, 176.3, 176.4.

MS: mle 371 (M+).

Compound (3): HPLC retention time (Method A) 23.1 minutes.

MS: mle 371 (MH+).

EXAMPLE 3 Synthesis of N-r3-(hvdroxvaminocarbonvl'h>ropanovll-L-3-(2'-naphthvlWanvl-L-alanine amide (Compound 4^ O u O CH3 J rN^JLtjJ^r HO-HN NH2 Referring to Scheme 4, to ^ solution of 1.74g (10 mmol) of rerr-butyl hydrogen succinate (Buchi, G.; Roberts, C. J. Org Chem.. 33:460. 1968) and 1.15g (10 mmol) of N-hydroxy-succinimide in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (20 ml) was added 2.06g (10 mmol) of 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. After stirring at room temperature overnight, the reaction was filtered to remove the dicyclohexylurea by-product. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give a residue. Chromatography on silica gel using ethyl acetate-hexane (1:1), 26 PCT/0 S94/09343 provided 2.3g (84% yield) of rerr-butyl succinimidyl succinate (4a) as a white solid. TLC: Rf 0.50 (ethyl acetate-hexane 1:1); NMR(d<5-DMSO) 8 1.39(s,9H), 2.56(m,2H), 2.80(bs,4H), 2.86 (m,2H).

A solution of 0.70g (1.8 mmol) of (Al) dissolved in 5.0 ml of trifluoroacetic acid was stirred at room temperature for 90 minutes. The trifluoroacetic acid was removed in vacuo to give a residue which was triturated with ether (20 ml) and dried in vacuo to give 0.72g of a pink solid. A portion (0.35g) of the solid was dissolved in 2.0 ml of anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide. To this was added 0.24g (0.87 mmol) of (4a) and 0.18 ml (1.3 mmol) of triethylamine. After stirring at room temperature for 2 hours, the solvent was removed in vacuo to produce a residue. Chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-isopropanol 9:1 provided 0.32g (84% yield) of N-[3-(rerr-butoxycarbonyl)propanoyl]-L-3-(2'-naphthyl)alanyl-L-alanine amide (4b) as white solid. TLC: Rf 0.33 (chloroform-isopropanol 9:1); NMR(d6-DMSO) 8 1.23(d,3H), 1.30(s,9H), 2.27(m,4H), 2.93(m,lH), 3.20(m,lH), 4.22(m,lH), 4.61(m,lH), 7.03(s,lH), 7.22(s,lH), 7.46(m,3H), 7.75(s,lH), 7.83(m,3H), 8.07(d,lH), 8.19(d,lH); NMR(d6-DMSO) 8 18.3, 27.8, 30.1, 30.3, 37.6, 48.1, 54.1, 79.6, 125.4, 126.0, 127.4, 127.5, 127.9, 131.9, 133.0, 135.8, 170.8, 171.1, 171.6, 174.1.

A solution of 0.29g (0.64 mmol) of (4b) dissolved in 10ml of trifluoroacetic acid was sirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. The trifluoroacetic acid was removed in vacuo to give a residue which was triturated with ether (20ml) and dried in vacuo to give 0.24g (95% yield) of N-[3-carboxypropanoyl]-L-3-(2'-naphthyl)alanyl-L-alanine amide (4c) as a white solid. TLC: Rf 0.04 (chloroform-isopropanol 9:1); *H NMR(d6~DMSO) 8 1.23(d,3H), 2.29(m,4H), 2.92(m,lH), 3.21(m,lH), 4.21(m,lH), 4.58(m,lH), 7.04(s,lH), 7.23(s,lH), 7.46(m,3H), 7.75(s,lH), 7.83(m,3H), 8.06(d,lH), 8.21(d,lH); 13C NMR (d6-DMSO) 8 18.3, 29.1, 30.0, 37.6 4S.2, 54.1, 125.4, 126.0, 127.4, 127.5, 128.0, 131.9, 133.0, 135.8, 170.8, 171.3, 173.9, 174.1.

Under an atmosphere of dry argon, a solution of 0.22g (0.56 mmol) of (4c) and 0.062 ml (0.56 mmol) of 4-methylmorpholine anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (2 ml) was cooled to -15 °C and treated with 0.073 ml (0.56 mmol) of isobutyl chloroformate. The mixture was stirred at -15 °C for 15 minutes, then a solution of 0.10g (0.81 mmol) of (O-benzyl)hydroxylamine in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (0.5 ml) was added. The mixture was stirred at -15 °C for 1 hour, then at room temperature for 1 hour. The solvent was removed in vacuo. The resulting solid was triturated with ethyl acetate and collected by filtration to obtain 0.20g (73% yield) of N-[3-(benzyloxyaminocarbonyl)propanoyl]-L-3-(2'-naphthyl)alanyl-L-alanine amide (4d) as a white solid. TLC: Rf 0.46 (chloroform- isopropanol 8:2); lH NMR (d6-DMSO) 8 1.26(d,3H), 2.25(m,4H), 2.95(m,lH), 3.22 (m,lH), 4.23(m,lH), 4.57(m,lH), 4.74(s,2H), 7.03(s,lH), 7.16(s,lH), 7.36(bs,5H), 7.46(m,3H), 7.77(s,lH), 7.83(m,3H), 8.12(d,lH), 8.32(d,lH), 11.03(s,lH); 13c NMR(d6-DMSO) 8 18.3, 27.9, 30.4, 37.6, 48.4, 54.5, 77.0, 125.6, 126.1, 127.6, 128.1, 128.4, 128.5, 129.0, 132.0, 133.2, 136.0, 136.2, 169.0, 171.0, 171.7, 174.3.

A suspension of 0.20|g of 5% palladium on activated carbon in a solution of O.lOg (0.20 mmol) of (4d) in 4 ml of glacial acetic acid was agitated under 4 atmospheres of hydrogen for 18 hours. Removal of the catalyst by filtration, and concentration of the filtrate in vacuo produced a residue which was triturated with 10 ml of ether and dried in vacuo to give a solid. Chromatography on Baker octadecyl reverse phase gel, eluting with watcr-acetonitrile-acetic acid(57:40:3), provided 0.065g (79% yield) of N-[3-(hydroxyaminocarbonyl)-propan-oyl]-L-3-(2'-naphthyl)alanyl-L-alanine amide (4), as a white solid. TLC: Rf 0.05 (chloroform-isopropanol 8:2); lH NMR(d6-DMSO) 8 1.24(d,3H), 2.08(m,2H), 2.28(m,2H), 2.92(m,lH), 3.22(m,lH), 4.20(q,lH), 4.54(m,lH), 7.02(s,lH), 7.20(s,lH), 7.46(m,3H), 7.76(s,lH), 7.84(m,3H), 8.12(d,lH), 8.27(m,lH), 10.39(s,lH); 13c NMR(d6-DMSO) 8 18.0, 27.6, 30.4, 37.3, 47.9, 54.0, 125.3, 125.8, 127.2, 127.3, 127.7, 131.7, 132.8, 135.7, 168.3, 170.5, 171.3, 174.0.

EXAMPLE 4 Synthesis of Ng- (D.L-2-(hvdroxvaminocarbon vl'hneth vl-4-meth vlpentanovl 1 -I^arrinvl-L- alanine. 2-aminoethvl amide (Compound 5) 'h o ch3 h ho-hn n n n • O V. H o nh hn^nh2 With reference to Scheme 5, Compound (5a) was synthesized from Compound (lh) and N(x-BOC-Ng-(di-CBZ)-L-argininc in 79% yield, by following the method used to prepare Compound (li). TLC: Rf 0.59 (chloroform-isopropanol 9:1); *H NMR (cdci3) 8 1.18(d,3H), 1.40(s,9H), 1.62(m,4H), 3.27(m,4H), 3.89(m,2H), 4.09(m,lH), 4.21 (m,lH), 5.06(s,2H), 5.13(m,2H), 5.22(s,2H), 5.58(m,lH), 5.67(m,lH), 6.70(d,lH), 6.80(m,lH), 7.33(bm,15H), 9.30(m,lH), 9.42(m,lH); 13C NMR (cdci3) 8 17.3, 25.0, 27.9, 28.3, 39.8, 40.7, 44.0, 49.2. 54.7, 66.6, 67.1, 69.0, 80.4, 127.9, 28 WO 95/06031 PCT/US94/09343 128.0, 128.3, 128.4, 128.5, 128.8, 128.9, 134.5, 136.6, 155.7, 156.9, 160.7, 163.5, 172.2, 172.4.

Compound (5b) was prepared from Compound (5a) in 87% yield, by the method 5 used to prepare Compound (lj). TLC: Rf 0.11 (chloroform-isopropanol 9:1); lH NMR (CDCI3) 8 1.28(d,3H), 1.43(m,lH), 1.70(m,4H), 3.30(m,6H), 3.91(m,2H) 4.34(m,lH), 5.03(s,2H), 5.1 l(s,2H), 5.22(s,2H), 5.50(m,lH), 7.01(m,lH), 7.33(bm,15H), 7.76(d,lH), 9.25(m,lH), 9.41 (m,lH); 13c NMR (CDCI3) 8 17.7, 24.5, 31.1, 40.3, 40.6, 44.1, 48.6, 54.1, 66.7, 66.9, 68.9, 127.9, 128.0, 128.1, 128.2, 128.3, 128.4, 128.5, 10 128.8, 134.6, 136.3, 136.8, 155.7, 157.1, 160.4, 163.7, 172.8, 175.4.

Compound (5c) was prepared from Compounds (5b) and (Id) in 88% yield, as a mixture of diastereomers, with the method used to prepare Compound (lk). lH NMR (d6*DMSO; mixture of diastereomers) 8 0.79(bm,6H), 1.06(m,lH), 1.13 & 15 1.20(d, 3H), 1.52(bm,6H), 2.40(m,lH), 2.71 (m,lH), 3.03(bm,5H), 3.47 & 3.54(s,3H), 3.88(m, 2H), 4.18(m,2H), 5.00(s,2H), 5.04(s,2H), 5.24(s,2H), 7.35(bm,18H), 7.59 & 7.71(d,lH), 7.66 & 7.94(t,lH), 8.13 & 8.45(d,lH); 13C NMR(d6-DMSO); mixture of diastereomers) 8 17.8 & 18.3, 21.8 & 22.2, 22.9 & 23.0, 25.0 & 25.2, 25.4, 28.4 & 28.7, 36.4 & 36.5, 39.6,40.0, 41.2 & 41.3, 44.3 & 44.4, 48.1 & 48.2, 51.1 & 51.4, 52.4 20 & 53.1, 65.3, 66.1, 68.2, 127.5, 127.6, 128.3, 128.6, 135.2, 135.3, 137.0, 155.0, 156.1, 156.2, 159.5, 162.8, 162.9, 170.9, 171.0, 171.9, 172.0, 172.8, 174.0, 174.8.

Hydroxamate (5d) was prepared from Compound (5c) in 78% yield as a mixture of diastereomers.

Hydroxamate (5d) was deprotected by hydrogenolysis to give Compound (5) in 59% yield as a mixture of diastereomers. HPLC retention times (method A) 10.1 and 10.3 minutes; *H NMR(D20; mixture of diastereomers) 8 0.89(m,6H), 1.25(m,lH), 1.39(m,3H), 1.69(bm,6H), 2.38(m,2H), 2.85(m,lH), 3.15(dd,2H), 3.22(dd,2H), 30 3.53(m,2H), 4.32(m, 2H); 13c NMR (D2O; mixture of diastereomers) 8 24.3 & 24.5, 28.9 & 29.1, 30.4 & 30.5, 32.4 & 32.6, 33.4 & 33.5, 35.7 & 35.8, 43.4 & 43.6, 44.9, 47.0 & 47.1, 48.4 & 48.5, 49.0 & 49.1, 49.2, 57.8 & 58.0, 61.1 & 61.4, 164.8, 178.4 & 178.5, 181.4 & 181.8, 183.5 & 183.8, 185.6 & 186.4.

MS: mle 459 (M+). 29 PCTAJS94/09343 EXAMPLE 5 Synthesis of Ng-tD.L-2-(hvdroxvaminocaibonvnmethvl-4-methvlpentanovl )L-lvsinvl-L- alanine amide (Compound 6) ho-hn Wr ch3 nh, NH2 Referring to Scheme 6, a solution of 5.0g (0.010 mol) of Na-BOC-Ne-CBZ-L-lysine p-nitrophenyl ester and 1.5g (0.012 mol) of L-alanine amide hydrochloride and 1.67 ml (0.012 mol) of triethylamine in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (50 ml) was stirred at 10 room temperature for 16 hours before the solvent was removed in vacuo. The resulting residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (200 ml) and washed with 3M NaOH (3x100 ml), water (3x100 ml), 1M HC1 (2x100 ml) and finally with brine (100 ml). After drying over anhydrous sodium sulfate, the solution was filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give 4.3g (96% yield) of Na-BOC-Ne-CBZ-L-lysyl-L-alanine amide (6a) as a white solid. 15 TLC: Rf 0.32 (chloroform-isopropanol 9:1); *H NMR (d6-DMSO) 8l.20(d,3H), 1.35(bm, 6H), 1.37(s,9H), 2.97(m,2H), 3.86(m,lH), 4.21(m,lH), 5.00(s,2H), 6.95(d,lH), 7.06(s, IH), 7.24(t,lH), 7.34(m,6H), 7.78(d,lH); 13c NMR (d6-DMSO) 8 18.6, 22.8, 28.2, 29.2, 31.4, 40.1, 47.8, 54.5, 65.2, 78.2, 127.8, 128.4, 137.3, 155.5, 156.1, 171.7, 174.2.

Compound (6b) was prepared from Compounds (6a) and (Id) in 69% yield using the method previously described to prepare Compound (a2). H-C: Rf 0.21 and 0.29 (chloroform-isopropanol 9:1); *H NMR (d6-DMSO; mixture of diastereomers) 8 0.81(m,3H), 0.88(m,3H), 1.17 & 1.23(d,3H), 1.40(bm,8H), 2.46(m,3H), 2.78(m,lH), 25 2.98(m,2H), 3.54 & 3.56(s, 3H), 4.08(m,lH), 4.16(m,lH), 5.00(s,2H), 7.04(m,lH), 7.23(t,lH), 7.34(m,6H), 7.58 & 7.68(d,lH), 8.10 & 8.42(d,lH).

Compound (6c) was prepared from Compound (6b) in 48% yield, using the method previously described to prepare (a3). TLC: Rf 0.16 (chloroform-isopropanol 8:2). 30 MS: mle 522 (M+).

The diastereomers (6A) and (6B) were prepared from Compound (6c) by the method used to prepare Compound (1) from Compound (lm). HPLC purification (method A) produced an early-eluting isomer (6A) and a late-eluting isomer (6B).

Compound (6A): HPLC retention time (method A): 9.2 minutes; lH NMR (d6-DMSO) 8 0.81(d,3H), 0.88(d,3H), 1.06(m,lH), 1.28(d,3H), 1.40(bm,7H), 1.75(m,lH), 2.03(m,lH), 2.22(m,lH), 2.73(m,3H), 4.01(m,lH), 4.13(m,lH), 7.04(s,lH), 7.11(s,lH), 7.78(bs,3H), 8.06(d,lH), 8.48(d,lH), 10.61(s,lH); 13C NMR(d6-DMSO) 8 17.6, 21.8, 22.4, 23.5, 2:'..5, 26.4, 30.1, 35.7, 39.2, 40.0, 41.3, 48.4, 53.1, 168.1, 171.4, 174.8, 175.5; MS: mle 387 (M+).

Compound (6B): HPLC retention time (method A): 9.9 minutes; *H NMR(d6-DMSO) 80.81(d,3H), 0.87(d,3H), 1.08(m,lH), 1.18(d,3H), 1.46(bm,7H), 1.68(m,lH), 2.05(m,lH), 2.17(m,lH), 2.76(m,3H), 4.16(m,2H), 7.04(s,lH), 7.35(s,lH), 7.67(d,lH), 7.73(bs,3H), 8.08(d,lH), 10.58(s,lH); NMR(d6-DMSO) 8 18.5, 22.1, 22.2, 23.2, 25.1, 26.3, 30.5, 35.5, 39.2, 40.1, 41.3, 47.8, 52.0, 167.9, 171.1, 174.0, 174.3; MS: mle 387 (MH+).

EXAMPLE 6 Synthesis of N- (D.L-2-(hvdroxvaminocart>onvnmethvl-4-methvlpentanovl lL-tvrosvl-L- alanine amide (Compound 7) OH With reference to Scheme 7, Compound (7a) was prepared from N-B0C-(0-benzyl)-L-tyrosine p-nitrophenyl ester and L-alanine amide hydrochloride in 99% yield, with the method used to prepare Compound (6a). TLC: Rf0.51 (chloroform-isopropanol 9:1); !h NMR (d6-DMSO) 8 1.22(d,3H), 1.30(s,9H), 2.67(m,lH), 2.91 (m,lH), 4.09(m,lH), 4.22(m,lH), 5.05(s,2H), 6.90(m,3H), 7.06(s,lH), 7.18(m,2H), 7.28(s,lH), 31 2.38(bm,5H), 7.88(d,lH); 13c NMR (d6-DMSO) 5 18.5, 28.1, 36.4, 47.8, 56.0, 69.1, 78.1, 114.3, 127.5, 127.7, 128.3, 130.1, 130.2, 137.2, 155.2, 156.8, 171:2, 174.0.

Compound (7b) was prepared from Compound (7a) as a mixture of diastereomers in 64% yield with the method used to synthesize Compound (6b). TLC: Rf 0.53 and 0.57 (chloroform-isopropanol 9:1); lH NMR (d6-DMSO; mixture of diastereomers) S 0.60 & 0.68(d,3H), 0.76 & 0.82(d,3H), 1.04(m,lH), 1.19 & 1.26(d,3H), 1.40(m,2H), 2.31(bm, 2H), 2.68(m,2H), 3.05(m,lH), 3.48 & 3.55(s,3H), 4.20(m,lH),4.44(m,lH), 5.03 & 5.04(s,2H), 6.87(m,2H), 7.06(bs,lH), 7.15(m,3H), 7.38(bm,5H), 7.69 & 7.78(d,lH), 8.15 & 8.39 (d,lH); 13c NMR (d6-DMSO; mixture of diastereomers) 8 18.0 & 18.4, 21.9 & 22.1, 22.9 & 23.1, 24.6 & 25.1, 35.8 & 36.0, 36.4 & 36.6, 39.4 & 39.7, 41.1 & 41.2, 47.9 & 48.0, 51.2 & 51.4, 53.9 & 54.6, 69.1 & 69.2, 114.2 & 114.3, 127.5, 127.7, 128.4, 130.1, 130.2, 137.2, 156.8 & 156.9, 170.6 & 170.8, 171.9 & 172.7, 173.8 & 173.9, 174.0 & 174.4.

Compound (7c) was prepared from Compound (7b) in 48% yield with the method used to prepare Compound (6c). A single diastercomer of Compound (7c) was isolated by HPLC (method A). lH NMR (CD3OD). 8 0.46(m,6H), 0.61(m,lH), 0.76(m,lH), 1.13(m,lH), 1.28(d,3H), 1.89(m,lH), 2.17(m,lH), 2.45(m,2H), 3.10(m,lH), 4.18(m,lH), 4.39(m,lH), 4.83(s,2H), 6.70(m,2H), 6.97(m,2H), 7.17(m,5H); 13c NMR(CD30D) 8 17.8, 22.2, 23.9, 26.3, 36.8, 37.2, 42.2, 43.0, 50.8, 56.7, 71.0, 115.9, 128.5, 128.9, 129.5, 131.1, 138.8, 159.1, 170.9, 173.8, 178.2, 178.6.

The diastereomer (7c) was deprotected under 4 atmospheres of hydrogen in the presence of 10% palladium on carbon in methanol to produce Compound (7) in 92% yield.

Synthesis of N- f D.L-2-fhvdroxvaminocarbonvl^methvl-4-methvlpentanovl 1 -L-3-(2'- EXAMPLE 7 naphthvl)alanine amide (Compounds 8 and 9) 32 With reference to Scheme 3, a solution of 3.2g (0.010 mol) of N-BOC-L-3-(2'-naphthyl)alanine and 1.3g (0.011 mol) of N-hydroxysuccinimide dissolved in 10 ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran was cooled to ca. 5 °C. A solution of 2.3g (0.011 mol) of 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide dissolved in 5 ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran was added, and 5 the mixture was stirred at ca. 5 °C for 30 minutes, then at room temperature for 30 minutes. The dicyclohexylurea by-product was removed by filtration, and the filtrate was transferred to a flask containing 1.5 ml (0.022 mol) of concentrated NH4OH. After the mixture had stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, the solvent was removed in vacuo to give a residue. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (350 ml) and washed with water (100 ml), 1M 10 HCL (100 ml), water (100 ml), saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (100 ml) and finally with brine (100 ml). After drying over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, the solution was filtered and concentrated in vacuo to produce a solid. The solid was recrystallized from ethyl acetate to give 2.2g (70% yield) of N-BOC-L-3-(2'-naphthyl)alanine amide (8a) as a white solid. TLC: Rf 0.50 (chloroform-isopropanol 9:1); lH NMR(d6-DMSO) 8 1.27(s,9H), 2.92(m,lH), 3.12(m,lH), 4.22(m,lH), 6.91(d,lH), 7.07f?,lH), 7.44(s,lH), 7.50(m,3H), 7.75(s,lH), 7.85(m,3H); 13C NMR (d6-DMSO) 8 28.3, 37.9, 55.7, 78.1, 125.5, 126.1, 127.5, 127.6, 128.0, 132.0, 133.1, 136.2, 155.4, 173.7.

A stream of hydrogen chloride gas was bubbled into a solution of 1.95g (0.0062 mol) of N-BOC-L-3-(2'-naphthyl)alanine dissolved in 60 ml of anhydrous 1,4-dioxane, for 15 minutes. Ether (400 ml) was added, causing a solid to precipitate. The solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to give 1.36g (88% yield) of L-3-(2'-naphthyl)alanine amide hydrochloride (8b). 3H NMR(d6-DMSO) 8 3.27(m,2H), 25 4.10(m,lH), 7.48(m,3H), 7.55(s,lH), V/9(s,lH), 7.86(m,3H), 8.14(s,lH), 8.40(bm,3H); 13c NMR(d6-DMSO) 8 37.0, 53.6, 125.9, 126.3, 127.7, 127.9, 128.1, 128.4, 132.4, 133.0, 133.1, 169.8.

The diastereomers (8) and (9) can be made from L-3-(2'-naphthyl)alanine amide 30 hydrochloride (8b) and (Id), using the sequence of reactions used to prepare Compound (1) from Compounds (lj) and (Id).

Compound (8): HPLC retention time (method A) 22.6 minutes. lH NMR (CD3CN/D2O) 8 0.71(m,6H), 1.09(m,2H), 1.28(m,lH), 2.12(m,2H), 2.59(m,lH), 35 2.84(m,lH), 3.11(m,lH), 4.45(m,lH), 6.94(m,7H).

MS: mle 385 (M+).

Compound (9): HPLC retention time (method A) 24.3 minutes, MS: mle 385 (M+). 33 EXAMPLE 8 Synthesis of N-fD.L-2-(hvdroxvaminocarbonvDmethvl-4-methvlpentanovl)-L-3-(2'-naphthvlValanvl-L-serine amide (Compound 10) With reference to Scheme 8, N-B0C-L-3-(2'-naphthyl)alanyl-L-(0-benzyl)serine amide (10a) was prepared from N-BOC-L-3-(2'-naphthyl)alanine and L-(0-benzyl)serine amide in 80% yield with the method used to prepare (7a). TLC: Rf 0.51 (chloroform-isopropanol 9:1); JH NMR (d6-DMSO) 8 1.24(s,9H), 2.93(m,lH), 3.19(m,lH), 3.65(m,2H), 4.34(m,lH), 4.48(m,lH), 4.51(s,2H), 7.l6(d,lH), 7.27(s,lH), 7.34(m,5H), 7.46(m,4H), 7.78(s,lH), 7.82(m,3H), 8.04(d,lH); *3C NMR (d6-DMSO) 8 28.0, 37.4, 52.5, 55.9, 70.0, 72.1, 78.2, 125.4, 125.9, 127.3, 127.4, 127.5, 127.8, 128.2, 131.8, 132.9, 135.9, 138.2, 155.4, 171.3, 171.5.

L-3-(2'-naphthyl)alanyl-L-(0-benzyl)serine amide (10b) was prepared from Compound (10a) in 95% yield with the method used to prepare Compound (lj). TLC: Rf 0.08 (chloroform-isopropanol 9:1); 'H NMR d6-DMSO) 8 2.81(m,lH), 3.15(m,lH), 3.42(m,3H), 3.63(m,2H), 4.37(s,2H), 4.43(m,lH), 7.32(m,6H), 7.46(m,4H), 7.72(s,lH), 7.82(m,3H), 8.14(d,lH); 13C NMR (d6-DMSO) 8 40.6, 52.0, 55.8, 70.0, 72.0, 125.3, 125.9, 127.4, 127.5, 127.7, 128.0, 128.2, 131.8, 133.0, 136.2, 138.1, 171.5, 174.0.

Compound (10c) was prepared from Compounds (10b) and (Id) as a mixture of diastereomers in 97% yield following the method used to prepare Compound (Ik). TLC: Rf 0.69 and 0.73 (chloroform-isopropanol 9:1); NMR (d6-DMSO; mixture of diastereomers) 8 0.25 & 0.40(d,3H), 0.68 & 0.79(d,3H), 1.00(m,lH), 1.32(m,2H), 2.31(bm,3H), 2.64(m,lH), 2.98(m,lH), 3.37 & 3.50(s,3H), 3.68(m,2H), 4.48(m,lH), 4.49 & 4.53(s,2H), 4.72(m,lH), 7.35(bm,6H), 7.44(m,4H), 7.78(m,4H), 7.93 & 7.99(d,lH), 8.30 & 8.49(d,lH); 13C NMR (d6-DMSO; mixture of diastereomers) 8 21.4 & 34 22.1, 22.8, 24.5 & 25.1, 36.3 & 36.6, 37.1, 39.6, 41.0 & 41.1, 51.1 & 51.4, 52.6 & 52.7, 53.7 & 54.2, 69.8 & 69.9, 72.1, 125.3, 125.8, 127.4, 127.5, 127.6, 127.8, 128.2, 131.8 & 131.9, 132.9 & 133.0, 135.7 & 135.8, 138.1, 170.0, 171.2, 171.3, 171.8, 172.5, 174.0, 174.2.

Compound (lOd) was prepared from Compound (10c) in 74% yield with the method used to prepare Compound (lm). TLC: Rf 0.12 (chloroform-isopropanol 9:1).

Compound (10) was prepared from Compound (lOd) in 84% yield with the method used to prepare Compound (In). HPLC retention times: 25.2 and 27.1 minutes (method A).

MS: mie 472 (M+).

Synthesis of N-(D.L-2-fhvdroxvaminocarbonvl'>methvl-4-methvlpentanovll-L-3-(2'- Referring to Scheme 9, Compound (11a) was prepared from N-BOC-L-3-(2'-naphthyl)alanine and L-alanine methylamide hydrochloride, in 89% yield using the method previously described to prepare Compound (li).

TLC: Rf 0.58 (chloroform-isopropanol 9:1); *H NMR (d6-DMSO) 8 1.21(d,3H), 1.25(s,9H), 2.54(d,3H), 2.91(m,lH), 3.18(m,lH), 4.28(m,2H), 7.04(d,lH), 7.46(m,3H), 7.75(s,lH), 7.83(m,4H), 8.07(d,lH); 13c NMR (d6-DMSO) 8 18.5, 25.5, 28.0, 37.5, 48.1, 55.7, 78.1, 125.4, 125.9, 127.3, 127.4, 127.5, 127.9, 131.8, 132.9, 135.9, 155.3, 171.1, 172.3.

Compound (lib) was prepared from Compounds (11a) and (Id), in 86% yield using the method previously des/nribed to prepare Compound (A2).

TLC: Rf 0.57 and 0.62 (chloroform-isopropanol 9:1); EXAMPLE 9 naphthvlValanvl-L-alanine methvlamide (Compound 11) HO-HN O CH3 N N JL/. NH-CH3 Ih NMR (d6-DMSO; mixture of diastereomers) 8 0.23 & 0.40(d,3H), 0.70 & 0.79(d,3H), 1.01 (m,2H), 1.18 & 1.26(d,3H), 1.32(m,2H), 2.22(m,2H), 2.53(d,3H), 2.92(m,lH), 3.22(m,lH), 3.38 & 3.39(s,3H), 4.22(m,lH), 4.63(m,lH), 7.44(m,4H), 7.73(s,lH), 7.81(m,4H), 8.22 & 8.46(d,lH).

Compound (11) was prepared from Compound (lib) in 23% yield using the method previously described to prepare Compound (a3). TLC: Rf 0.18 (chloroform-, isopropanol 9:1).

EXAMPLE 10 Synthesis of N-fD.L-2-fhvdroxvaminocarbonvl)methvl-4-methv1pentanovl)-L-3-amino-2-dimethvlbutanovl-L-alaninffi. 2-aminoethvl amide (Compound 13) Following Reaction Scheme 10, N-Boc-L-tert-leucine 13(b) was prepared by treating L-tert-leucine (Aldrich Chemical) with di-tert-rbutyl dicarbonatc and diisopropylethyl amine in dimethylfluoride (DMF). Then (13b) was treated with NHS and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) in anhydrous tertrahydrofuran to produce N-Boc-L-tert-leucine N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester, which then is coupled with (lh) from Reaction Scheme 2 and Example 1 to produce (13c). Compound (13) was prepared from (13c) by following procedures similar to those described in Example 1 and shown in Reaction Scheme 2 for the synthesis of compound (1). *H NMR (dg-DMSO) 8 0.76(d, J = 5.6 Hz, 3H), 0.82(d, J = 6.1 Hz, 3H), 0.90(s,9H), 1.06(m, IH), 1.17(d, J = 6.6 Hz, 3H), 1.39(m, 2H), 2.08(m, 2H), 2.69(m, 2H), 2.86(m, IH), 3.18(m, 2H), 4.19(m, 2H), 8.30(m, IH), 8.03(d, J = 7.0 Hz, IH), 7.86(d, J «= 8.9 Hz, IH), 13c NMR (d6-DMSO) 8 18.4, 22.6, 23.5, 25.7, 27.1, 34.5, 36.2, 39.2, 40.0, 41.1, 48.8, 60.3, 167.8, 170.1, 172.6, 174.5.

The following example demonstrates the selective in vitro inhibition of T-cell TNF-a secretion, as compared toTNF-B and IFN-y secretion, by Compound 1.

EXAMPLE 11 Inhibition of TNF-a Release bv T-cells 36 WO 95/06031 PCT/US94/09343 Human peripheral blood T-cells were purified from peripheral blood mononuclear cells by resetting with 2-aminoethylisothiouronium bromide hydrobromide-treated sheep erythrocytes. After hypotonic lysis of sheep erythrocytes, monocytes were depleted by 5 plastic adherence for one hour at 37 "C. The peripheral blood T-cells were stimulated with anti-CD3 antibody (OKT3) which was immobilized on the culture wells at 10 tig/ml in PBS plus 10 ng/ml of the phorbol ester, PMA. Culture medium comprised RPMI 1640 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 50 U/ml penicillin, and 50 Jig/ml streptomycin. The stimulation was performed in the presence or absence of the inhibitor Compound 1 (200 10 |iM), and TNF-a in the medium was assayed by ELISA. Results are shown in Table I TABLEI Effect of Compound 1 on Cytokine Production bv Peripheral Blood T Cells TNF-a (pg/mtt llirs. 24_His. 48 ffrs. with Compound 1 t 100 300 without Compound 1 100 325 800 TNF-g fpg/ml) with Compound 1 t 160 1050 without Compound 1 t 160 830 IFN-v (ELISA OP) with Compound 1 0.2 0.9 1.08 without Compound 1 0.3 0.65 1.15 t undetectable After 3 hours, there was 100 pg/ml of TNF-a in the medium of cells without 30 Compound 1 and no detectable TNF-a in the medium of cells with 200 |J.M of Compound 1. At 24 and 48 hours, Compound 1 inhibited TNF-a release by 72% and 63%, respectively, while there was no inhibitory effect on the release of TNF-B or interferon-y. Compound 1 clearly demonstrates selective inhibition of TNF-a secretion and has no effect on either TNF-B or interferon-y secretion.

EXAMPLE 12 Compound 1 Induced Increase in Cell Surface TNF-a on PMA+Ionomvcin-Stimulated Human T-cells 40 This example describes the effects of Compound 1 on cell surface TNF-a for human T-cells which have been stimulated by PMA and ionomycin. 37 The alloreactive human T-cell clone, PL-1, does not express cell surface TNF-a in the absence of stimulation. However, after stimulation with PMA plus ionomycin, cell surface TNF-a, as well as the ligands for CD40 and 41BB, are rapidly induced on the cell 5 surface. Detection of cell surface TNF-a was performed by staining with an Fc fusion protein consisting of an Fc portion of a human IgGl molecule (IgGFc) coupled with an extracellular domain of TNF receptor (p80). Detection of cell surface ligands for 41BB and CD40 was performed by staining with analogous Fc fusion proteins consisting of IgGFc and extracellular domains of 41BB and CD40, respectively. A fusion molecule consisting of 10 IgGFc and the extracellular portion of the IL-4 receptor (IL-4R:Fc) was utilized as a negative control for staining, since PL-1 cells do not express cell-surface IL-4 in response to PMA stimulation. TNFRrFc and IL-4R:Fc fusion proteins are described in EP 0 464 533, incorporated herein by reference. The same general procedures used to construct the TNFRrFc and IL-4R:Fc fusion molecules were utilized in the construction of the 41BBrFc 15 and CD40:Fc molecules. Fc fusion proteins bound to their respective cell-surface ligands were then detected with a biotinylated anti-human IgGl followed by streptavidin-phycoeiythrin. The intensity of staining was measured by a FACS (fluorescence activated cell sorting) scan flow cytometer. The results are shown in Table II.

TABLE n Effects of Compound 1 on Expression of Cell Surface TNF-a, IL-4,41BBL and CD40L on PMA and Ionomvcin-Stimulated Human T-Cells (MFI. arbitrary units) TNF-a 41BBL CD40L JLA No stimulation 10 10 10 10 4h after stimulation + Compound 1 3040 344 107 10 - Compound 1 83 428 107 10 18h after stimulation + Compound 1 616 9 46 10 - Compound 17 5 19 10 The specificity of Compound 1 for increasing cell surface TNF-a is apparent. Cells 35 stimulated with PMA and ionomycin for four hours in the presence of Compound 1, followed by staining with TNFRrFc as described above, displayed a MFI of 3040 as compared to 83 in the absence of Compound 1. The effect of Compound 1 was specific for TNFRrFc binding as no increase on 41BB:Fc or CD40rFc binding was detected. A substantial increase in cell-surface TNF-a resulted in a 100-fold increase in TNFRrFc 38 binding in the presence of Compound 1 (MFI was 616) as compared to an MFI of 7 in absence of Compound 1, after 18 hours of stimulation. Under the same conditions, 41BB:Fc and CD40:Fc binding were enhanced only approximately 2-fold.

EXAMPLE 13 In vivo Inhibition of TACE 500 up Compound A versus Compound 1 versus control Female Balb/c mice (18-20g) were injected i.v. with 400 (ig of LPS. Simultaneously, the mice were injected subcutaneously with 500 |ig of Compound A or Compound 1 in 0.5 ml of saline containing 0.02% DMSO. Control mice received LPS intravenously and saline/DMSO subcutaneously. Two hours following the LPS injection, serum was obtained and pooled from two mice in each treatment group. TNF-a levels were determined by ELISA and are shown in the following Table IH. tablem Comparison of 500 ug Each of Compound 1 versus Compound A on LPS-Induced Serum TNF Levels in Balh/c Mice (pg/mtt Compound 1 Compound A Saline/DMSO Serum TNF-a level undetectable 65 157 Compound 1 inhibits the secretion of TNF-a at least by 80%, and essentially by 100%, as the TNF-a levels were undetectable. Comparatively, Compound A reduced serum TNF-a levels by approximately 60% as compared to the saline/DMSO control.

In a similar manner to the procedure described above, mice were injected i.v. with 400 |ig LPS. Simultaneously, the mice were injected subcutaneously with 500 jig Compound 1 in 0.5 ml saline containing 0.02% DMSO. Two hours later, serum was obtained and pooled. TNF-a levels were determined by ELISA. Results are shown in Table IV in pg/ml. table iv Effect of 500 ug Compound 1 on LPS-Induced Serum TNF Levels in Balb/c Mice (pp/mll LPS only LPS + Saline 1696 1268 2527 1768 1833 1732 1 2 3 LPS + Cpmd 1 301 269 281 39 WO 95/06031 PCT/US94/09343 In experiment 1, Compound 1 reduced serum TNF-a levels by 82% as compared to TNF-a levels in mice that received LPS only. As compared to mice that received LPS + saline. Compound 1 reduced serum TNF-a levels by 76%. In experiment 2, Compound 1 5 reduced serum TNF-a levels by 89% as compared to TNF-a levels in mice that received LPS only. As compared to mice that received LPS + saline, Compound 1 reduced serum TNF-a levels by 85%. In experiment 3, Compound 1 reduced serum TNF-a levels by 85% as compared to TNF-a levels in mice that received LPS only. As compared to mice that received LPS + saline, Compound 1 reduced serum TNF-a levels by 84%. Overall, 10 Compound 1 reduced serum TNF-a levels by 85.4 ± 2.98% as compared to TNF-a levels in mice that received LPS only. From Tables III and IV, Compound 1 effectively reduces serum TNF-a levels by at least 80% when administered at 25 mg/kg in a murine model of LPS-induced sepsis syndrome. 250 ue Compound A versus Compound 1 versus control Female Balb/c mice (18-20g) were injected i.v. with 450 p.g of LPS. Simultaneously, the mice were injected subcutaneously with 250 jig of Compound A or Compound 1 in 0.25 ml of saline containing 0.02% DMSO. Control mice received LPS intravenously and saline/DMSO subcutaneously. Two hours following the LPS injection, 20 serum was obtained from three mice in each treatment group. TNF-a levels were determined by ELISA. The results are expressed as the mean optical density (OD) obtained in the ELISA from each treatment group, and are shown in Table V. The background OD of the control sample was 0.162 ± 0.003.

TABLE V Comparison of 250 ug Each of Compound 1 versus Compound A on LPS-Induced Serum TNF Levels in Balb/c Mice LPS+Saline LPS+Saline+DMSO Cnrod 1+DMSO CmpdA+DMSO 30 0.271 ±0.022 0.268 ± 0.040 0.147 ± 0.004 0.299 ±0.023 Table V illustrates the effect of Compound 1 and Compound A on inhibiting serum TNF-a release in LPS-stimulated mice. Compound 1 reduced serum TNF-a levels to those. 35 of the control, thereby indicating a complete inhibition of TNF-a secretion at 250 |ig/ml. Compound A had no effect in reducing serum TNF-a levels as shown by the similarlity in OD readings between LPS+Saline, LPS+Saline+DMSO, and Compound A. 40 EXAMPLE 14 Serum stability of Compound A and Compound 1 Each of Compound 1 and Compound A was diluted to 50 p.M in normal mouse serum and incubate*., at 37°C. At various times, aliquots were withdrawn, diluted 100-fold into ice-cold PBS, and tested for inhibitory efficacy against purified TACE. After 40 minutes, Compound A showed a decrease in inhibitory effect corresponding to a 3-4 fold, loss in concentration of the compound, and Compound 1 showed no decrease in inhibitory effect 41 SCHEME 1 o o ii ii R—c—C—ONa (la) I o o ii ii R2—C—C—OCHgPh (lb) O O ii ii RO—C-CH=C—C—OCH2Ph (Ic) I R2 I o o ii ii (jd\ ro—c[ch]mch-c—oh <lfl> I I ri r2 (R1 = H,m = 1 ) I O O ro—c[ch]mch-c—or" (ie> I I Ri R2 42 (Ii) PCTAJS94/09343 SCHEME 1 -Continued NE=C-(CH2)n-NH2 (10 N=C-(CHz)n-NH-P (Ig) H2N—B—N—P H (Ih) O II P—N-[A]n-C—OR" H o II P—N-[A]n-C—N—B—N—P H H H dj) H2N-[A]n-C—N—B—N—P H H (Ik) 43 SCHEME 1-Continued o H2N-[A]n-C—N—B—N—P Ok) H H O ii (II) P'—N—CH-C—OR" H I r3 O O ii ii P'—N—CH-C—N-[A]n-C—N—B—N—P (lm) H I H H H r3 I O O ii ii H2N—CH-C—N-[A]n-C—N—B—N—P nn) I H H H r3 (Ie) O O ii ii ro-c[ch]mch-c—or" i i ri r2 O O ii ii RO—C [CH]m-CH-C—N-i i H Ri R2 O O ii ii ■CH-C—N-[A]n-C—N—B—N—P I H H H Ra (Io) 44 SCHEME 1-Continued o o ii ii RO—C [CH]m CH-C—N-I I H Ri R2 O O ii ii ■CH-C—N-[A]n-C—N—B—N—P I H H H r3 do) n n o o R'O-HN C [CH]m CH-C—N CH-C—N-[A]n-C—N—B—N—P (Ip ) Kk H k H H H o o o o ii ii ii n ho-hn—c [ch]m ch-c—n—ch-c—n-[a]n-c—n—b—nh2 (ia ) ii hi h h Ri Rg R3 45 SCHEME A BOC-HN^JLqh 1. NHS.EDC, DMF O CH3 .BOC-HN^JL N JLj^NH2 2. L-alanine amide • HCI, Et3N, DMF H O (A,) ch3o 1. TFA, CH2CI2 2. (1d), Et3N, DMF H o ch3 N^-JLnJL^NHZ o } H o (A2) ho-hn H2N-OH, CHsOH, KOH H o ch3 H^JLuJLlrm2 O '7 h § (a) 46 WO 95/06031 PCT/DS94/09343 SCHEME 2 1 ^ n- Ma* °"F J^O^O 0 (la)0 (la) Ph3P=CH-C02CH3 CH2CI2 *" CHaO-J^-^-^O-H O (U2) CH3O X^J^O J^J) . A H O (lb) , PcWD,CH3OH II | ^ CHgO-" ^|TOH O (lc) CH30-U-—OH O (lc) NHS , DCC, THF • /- CH30*"^" OSucc.

(Id) 47 SCHEME-2-Continued f\-—O-^OSucctf-HCI • H2N—CN PMF' EtaN » CBZ-HN—CN W (HO cbz-hn^-cn 1- bh3 * s(ch3)z , "^fcbz nh2 • hci (JLfi) 2HCI (11) ?h3 oc (ifi), dmf, B3N fH3 t! boc-hn-^ti-os"00 boc-hn""^|f *■*"—nh-cbz O O (Ifl) SHa [J 1. CF3CO2H, CH2CI2 SHa boc-hn-^n——nh-cbz h2n-srn- nh-cbz O 2. NaOHaq. O (la) (ih) Q 1. iBuOCOCI, 4-methylmorpholine, DMF o CH3 H BOO-HN_JLoh 2.,^)>4HI1-^mWptoln,iiiF BOC-HN_JUnJSTN NH-CBZ 0- o ch3 h 9 ch3 h BOC-HN ^JL.nJ^.N, -NH-CBZ H2N^r-*-js]-*-^rN^» -NH-CBZ ® u n J" H O /Zssf 1- CF3CO2H, CHpCIa IiJ (li) 2. NaOHaq. / (lj) 48 SCHEME-2-Continued o A CHgO-11—Sr1 (Id) OSucc. CH30 0 (lj), DMF, EtsN utsjy&s H O M <U> •NH-CBZ H2N-OH, CH3OH, KOH HO-HN ° $ H O CH3 H O 7 H O •NH-CBZ (lm) H2,Pd/C, HOAc HO-HN f o AH O CH3H H O (1) •NH2- HOAC 49 SCHEME 3 Q Bzl-Br, DMF ° Na+ bz,-Br' UMh , °—v 9 (2a) ^jl-0._-o ph3p=ch-cq2ch3 x^^o-jo tx ch2ci2 ft s (2b) (2a) v CH3olXo^O HO o (2b) (2fi) OH NHS . DCC, THF _ nM_n J i_0Succ.

,XXr< CH30-* » .... ^ rM^n O O (2c) (2&> 50 SCHEME-3-Continued BOC-HN^JLqh O 1. nhs, dcc, thf b0c-hny^nhg * ' Cfia) 2. NH„OH ho-hn (fi)&(2) h o n^nh, hci / dioxane 1. (1d), Et3N, DMF HCI • HgN^JLjyjH, 2. H2N-OH, KOH, CH3CH W 1. (2d), Et3N, DMF 2. h2n-oh, koh, ch3oh ho-hn nh2 (2) & (2) 51 SCHEME 4 u >/.0J j-OH NHS. DCC, THF ] 0 (43) 0 O O CH3 * TFA boc-hn^JLn nh2 ~1_l12 , H O 2. (4g), Et3N, DMF (Al) / H O CH3 ON N *"^""Tr" ^ ^ 2 o '7 H o (4b) ho-hn- H o ch3 • n. ^n-^tf-nh2 "a H S (4) H2, Pd on C, HOAc TFA H Q CH3 _ N-SrNH2 O 7 H O (4fi) 1. iBuOCOCI, DMF, 4-methylmorpholine 2. bZh>NH2 jf*Jy 0 H O CH3 0.NJU ^-N^JLMJL^NHg H n f H o H o (4d) 52 SCHEME 5 boc-hn loh V o ch3 h boc-hn n jl-.. n.

£ - H ii 1. iBuOCOCI, 4-methylmorpholine, DMF ""v. 2. (lh). 4-methylmorpholine, DMF NH cbz-n^ nh-cbz cbz-n^ nh-cbz -nh-cbz (5a) 1. cf3co2h, ch2ci2 2. NaOHaq. o ch3 h h2n—iLNJL_n. h o ) V. -nh-cbz (5&) 'nh cbz-n nh-cbz (1d), Et3N, DMF h o ch3 h CHgO-^1 O V. H o (sfi) nh cbz-n^ nh-cbz ■nh-cbz 53 WO 95/06031 PCT/DS94/09343 SCHEME-5-Continued CH30 h O (&) V 0 nh cbz-n nh-cbz 'nh-cbz H2N-OH, CH3OH, KOH ho-hn O Li O ch3 lj a^JCLij. o V H o (5d) nh cbz-n^*nh-cb2 •nh-cbz ho-hn (5) H2,Pd/C, CH3OH, HCJaq.

U O CH3 LI - "nh hn^nh2 •nh2 54 SCHEME 6 boc-hn. ilq , ^-noz nh-cbz o ch3 boc-hn ^jln nh2 l-alanine amide • hci, n ° V (£a) Et3n, dmf a nh-cbz 1. tfa, ch2ci2 2. (Id), EtaN, dmf nh-cbz 55 SCHEME 7 BOC-HN^0_/=\n02 b o ch3 boc-hn^JL n JLL- nh2 - lj n L-alanine amide HO-HN O-Bzl Et3N, DMF \ » O lide»HCI, < ^"o-Bzl Za) 1.TFA, CH2CI2 2. (Id), Et3N, DMF ch3o H O CH3 N. ILNJL1.NH2 O I H O (Zb) H O gH3 N*^JUnJL„nh2 O \ H O Xx O-Bzl OH (2) H2, Pd on C, CH3OH H2N-OH, CH3OH, KOH HO-HN H O CH3 N^JLnJL^nh2 o \ H o Q <*> O-Bzl 56 SCHEME 8 BOC-HN-^JLQH 1. iBuOCOCI, 4-methylmorpholine , DMF 2. L-(0-benzyl)-serine amide, 4-methyimoiphofine, DMF O-Bzl BOC-HN NH2 H (IQa) ch3o HO-HN h i r°"E N^rJLN-I^.

T H A O-Bzl NH2 (ISO HaN-OH, CH3OH, KOH h o -Ho .O-Bzl NH2 (1d), DMF, Et3N HO-HN H2, Pd on C, MOd) HOAc 1. CF3C02H. CH2CI2 2. NaOHaq.

..O-Bzl H2N ^JLn JL, NH2 - H § (ion n ^OH H ® 1 N = h a (Hi) 57 SCHEME 9 boc-hn 1. iBuOCOCI, 4-methylmorpholine, DMF 2. L-alanine, methyiamide • HCI, 4-methylmorpholine, DMF o ch3 boc-hn n jll n h-ch3 1 H g (11a) 1.TFA 2. (Ul), Et3N, DMF U i H U CH30Jl^-s^N-rJUN n f H ch3 JL^nh-ch3 (lib) H2N-0H, CH3OH, KOH 58 SCHEME 10 HO NH Et02C0, NaOCH3l A; 74% H L - Vafinol O x O^NH (12a) SOCI2 , A; 81% -COOH 4-Methylvaleric acid -COCI (12b) O Q X 1 A 9 NH a) nBuLi. THF, 0*C b)12b ,-78*C 86% (12a) (12c) O o A, % a) LDA, 0°C (12c) b) allyl bromide - 100% 0 O 1 O^N' I-., / (12cJ) 0xNX/-< ry-°-Sc^ ^ „ (12e) VC ^ - o <i2e> 02d) /=\ JI W^O-U- O^NH THF, 0'C; 85% -40% recovery 59

Claims (19)

WO 95/06031 PCT/US94/09343 SCHEME-10-Continued RuCIa, Nal04 , CH3CN , CCI4, H20; 65% (121) co2h a)CH2N2, EtzO b) H2, Pd / C, CH3OH; 89% h OH co2ch3 (lc) 60 271893 What is claimed is:

1. A compound of the formula: O II XT[CH]m-CH-C-N-CH-C-[A]n-N-B-NH2 a) I I H I H R1 R2 R3 wherein: Xis the radical of. hydroxamic acid, mercapto, phosphoryl or carboxyl; m is 0,1 or 2; Rl, R^ and R^ each independent of the other is hydrogen, alkylene(cycloalkyl), OR4, SR4, N(R4)(R5), halogen, substituted or unsubstituted Ci to Cs alkyl, Cl to C8 alkylenearyl, aiyl, a protected or unprotected side chain of a naturally occurring a-amino acid; or the group -R6R7, wherein R*> is substituted or unsubstituted Cl to C8 alkyl and R? is OR4, SR4, N(R4)(R5) or halogen, wherein R4 and R^ are each, independent of the other, hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted Ci to C8 alkyl; n is 0,1 or 2; provided that when n is 1, A is a protected or an unprotected a-amino acid radical; whennis2, the two protected or unprotected oL-amino acid radicals A may be the same or different; and B is unsubstituted or substituted C2 to C8 alkylene; and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

2. A compound according to claim 1, wherein B is C2 to Cg alkylene.

3. A compound according to claim 2, wherein B is dimethylene.

4. A compound according to claim 1, wherein Xis the radical of hydroxamic acid.

5. A compound according to claim 3, wherein X is the radical of hydroxamic acid.

6. A compound according to claim 5, wherein Rl is hydrogen. 271893

7. A compound according to claim 1, wherein is Ci to C6 alkyl or a Ci to C6 alkylenearyl.

8. A compound according to claim 1, wherein is selected from the group consisting of Ci to C6 alkyl, Cl to Cs alkylenephenol, Ci to Qj alkylene(cycloaikyl) or Ci to C(> alkylenearyl.

9. A compound according to claim 8, wherein R^ is Cl to C6 alkyl.

10. A compound according to claim 9, wherein R^ is t-butyl.

11. A compound according to claim 8, wherein r3 is methvlenephenol.

12. A compound according to claim 8, wherein R^ is Cl f.o Qj alkylenearyl.

13. A compound according to claim 12, wherein R^ is methylene-(2'-naphthyl).

14. A compound according to claim 1, wherein A is an alanyl or seryl radical, and n is 1."

15. A compound according to claim 14, wherein A is alanyl, and n is 1.

16. The compound according to claim 1, which is N- {D,L-2-(hydroxyamino-carbonyl)methyl-4-methylpentanoyl}-L-3-(2'-naphthyl)alanyl-L-alanine, 2-(amino)ethyl amide.

17. The compound according to claim 1, which is N-{D,L-2-(hydroxyamino-carbonyl)methyl-4-nxthylpentt\noyl} -L-3-amino-2-dimethylbutanoyl-L-alanine, 2-(ami.no)ethyl amide.

18. A pharmaceutical composition for treating TNF-a related disorders, conditions or diseases comprising a compound according to claim 1 as the active component

19. A pharmaceutical composition for treating TNF-a related disorders, conditions or diseases comprising a compound according to claim 1 and, a protein having TNF-a binding activity. QfO 62 n.Z. t i 2 8 m 133?