NZ196395A

NZ196395A - Topical pharmaceutical composition containing n,n-diethyl-m-toluamide

Info

Publication number: NZ196395A
Application number: NZ19639581A
Authority: NZ
Inventors: J J Windheuser; J L Haslam; L J Caldwell
Original assignee: Merck & Co Inc
Priority date: 1980-03-06
Filing date: 1981-03-03
Publication date: 1984-08-24
Also published as: JPS56142209A; ZA811288B

Description

<div class="application article clearfix" id="description"> New Zealand Paient Spedficaiion for Paient Number 1 96395 • .'"'ority Dc/tafs); r1.'.^0. .i.bv$.'^P.. . ;. Complete ©pacification Filed: ?. . 1 Jass: . At 11{-^.jph rufcKcation Dete: 2.4. AUG i|98'4 i .O. JcurnD!, No: . !&*?' * L~ r-, ■*, No.: Date: NEW ZEALAND PATENTS ACT, 1953 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION USE OF N,N-DIETHYL-m-TOLUAMIDE FOR ENHANCING SKIN PERMEATION OF BIO-AFFECTING AGENTS 3KWe, MERCK & CO., INC., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of New Jersey, United States of America, of 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, State of New Jersey, United States of America, hereby declare the invention for which X / we pray that a patent may be granted to CSS/us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - - 1 - I -£/-»! 1 /~>t»7c±ri V->\7 f a' o - *■ ' . 5..^ -la- USE OF N,N-DIETHYL-m-TOLUAMIDE FOR ENHANCING SKIN PERMEATION OF BIO-AFFECTING AGENTS Technical Field of the Invention: The invention provides novel compositions for 5 topical application comprising at least one bio- affecting agent together with N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) and, if desired, a non-toxic topical carrier. Formulation of DEET with the bio-affective agent has been found to greatly enhance delivery of the bio-10 affecting agent through the protective outer layer of the skin and into the underlying tissues or into the g.eneral circulation. As used herein, the term "bio-affecting agent" refers to any chemical substance or formulation 15 thereof which beneficially affects the mammalian body. Typically, the bio-affecting agent herein can be a "dermally effective dermatological agent" or a "systemically effective therapeutic agent". The term "dermally effective dermatological agent" as used 20 herein refers to those chemical substances which when applied to mammalian skin exert a beneficial topical effect, which can be of a cosmetic nature (e.g. by protecting the skin against external factors or by improving appearance) or of a therapeutic nature (e.g., 25 by attenuating the severity of a dermal disease). fhe term "systemically effective therapeutic agent" as used herein refers to those chemical substances which when administered by various routes such as intravenous infusion, intramuscular injection, oral, rectal or 30 buccal routes, enter the general circulation and exhibit a therapeutic effect. The expressions "dermally effective dermatological agent" and "systemically effective therapeutic agent" are not 1 95 3 intended to be mutually exclusive, however, it being recognized that a number of bio-affecting agents are indeed effective both dermally and systemically. Background of the Prior Art: N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) is a well-known chemical compound which has long been used as an insect repellant. Various synthesis for the preparation thereof too are well-known to the art. Compare The Merck Index, page 3125, Ninth Edition (1976) , and the references cited therein. See also United States Patent Nos. 2,932,665 and 4,064,268. Moreover, DEET has itself been proposed for the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis and related conditions (United States Patent No. 3,452,139). The skin of humans and other warm-blooded animals provides an excellent barrier to the penetration of exogenous chemical substances. The outer layer of the epidermis, called the stratum corneum, offers the maximum resistance to penetration, whereas the lower layers are relatively permeable. For proper treatment of dermal conditions, it is important that the active agent penetrate the stratum corneum where it is retained. From this reservoir in the outer layer, the bio-affecting agent is slowly released and penetrates the underlying areas where it exhibits its therapeutic or cosmetic effect. When dermatological agents such as sunscreens, which protect the underlying tissues from external factors (ultraviolet- rays) are used, maximal retention in the stratum corneum is essential. On the other hand, the relative permeability of the layers of the epidermis below the stratum corneum can also allow access to the systemic circulation, indeed, it is necessary for a therapeutic 1 3 9 -3- agent to penetrate the stratum corneum in order to provide systemic therapeusis from the transdermal route. It is well-known that the application of 5 various therapeutic and cosmetic agents to the skin is useful for the treatment of a number of dermal conditions, e.g., hydrocortisone for pruritus and erythema in a topic dermatitis, erythromycin or tetracyclines for acne, 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine for 10 herpes simplex, 5-fluorouracil for psoriasis and skin cancer, hydroquinone for lightening skin color and p-aminobenzoic acid for blocking the harmful rays of the sun. It is also well-known that a number of 15 therapeutically active agents, such as g-blockers, antihypertensives, antiarrhythmics, antianginal agents, vasodilators, antiemetics, antibacterials, antifungals, corticosteroids, progestins, estrogens, androgens and antiinflammatories, when administered to warm-blooded 20 animals by a number of various routes such as by intravenous infusion, intramuscular injection, oral, rectal or buccal routes, enter the general circulation and produce the appropriate systemic therapeutic effect. It is also known that the aforementioned 25 methods of administration have certain disadvantages. For example, the intravenous and intramuscular routes are not only painful for the patient, but also must be performed by a trained individual. Buccal and rectal, administration often produce discomfort and annoyances 30 for the patient. Oral administration, although generally acceptable for the patient, often does not deliver the majority of the therapeutic agent to systemic circulation. This diminished drug deliver is usually attributed to poor absorption from the 1 ^ , 3 v5 W- 'x_- / & -4- gastrointestinal tract and/or to degradation of the agent by the acidic medium of the stomach, by the enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract and surrounding tissue or by the rapid metabolizing enzymes of the 5 liver through which the drug must pass before it enters the systemic circulation. For example, drugs such as anti-bacterials, narcotic analgesics, 8-blockers and others require relatively high doses when given orally due to the remarkable liver metabolism encountered. 10 Effective delivery of such drugs through the skin would require much lower doses because the so-called "first pass" metabolism would be avoided. Recognizing the fact that the outer layer of the skin, the epidermis, protects the area under the 15 skin from the penetration of foreign chemicals, many investigators have turned to various enhancing agents, e.g., dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide, methyldecylsulfoxide (United States Patent No. 3,527,864) and dimethylacetamide (United States Patent 20 No. 3,472,931) in order to overcome the aforementioned problems and to deliver topically active agents more efficiently through the skin, as well as to enhance the absorption of systemicallly active therapeutic agents through the skin and into the general circulation. 25 Dimethylsulfoxide, which is superior to both dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide, has been shown to enhance the absorption through the skin of hydrocortisone and testosterone (Robert J. Feldmann and Howard I. Maibach, Proceedings of the Joint Conference 30 on Cosmetic Science (1968) , pages 189-203). Thus, the addition of dimethylsulfoxide to formulations of therapeutically active agents enhances the penetration of said agents through the skin and into the general circulation, thereby overcoming most of the 1 953 -5- aforementioned problems encountered by other routes of administration. Unfortunately, the use of dimethylsulfoxide is not without problems, for in addition to causing foul taste and body odor, it causes 5 burning and erythema on the skin, activates latent virus infections within cells, reduces the relucency of the lens cortex and produces teratogenicity and tissue necrosis in animals. Compare Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, pages 1461-1463, Twenty-seventh Edition 10 (1977), and the references cited therein. Thus, there exists a clear and present need for a novel agent to enhance the absorption through the skin of bio-affecting agents which is devoid of the disadvantages and drawbacks that to date have 15 characterized the prior art enhancing agents. Objects and Summary of the Invention: Accordingly, a major object of the present invention is the provision of a novel agent for enhancing the skin-permeation of bio-affecting 20 agents. More particularly, it is a major object of the present invention to provide a novel agent which will enhance the dermal absorption of dermatological (i.e. therapeutic or cosmetic) agents and which will enhance the delivery through the skin and into the general 25 circulation of systemically active therapeutic agents. Another object of the invention is to provide such an enhancing agent which is devoid of toxic side effects. 30 Yet another object of the invention is to provide novel compositions utilizing the aforesaid novel enhancing agent for topical application and novel methods of enhancing the skin penetration of bio- C -6- affecting chemicals utilizing said enhancing agent. In accord with the foregoing, the invention provides novel compositions of matter for topical application comprising at least one bio-affecting agent 5 and N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET), further comprising, if desired, a non-toxic topical carrier. The bio-affecting agent is present in a biologically effective amount, i.e., in an amount sufficient to produce the desired biological effect. Thus, when the bio-10 affecting agent is a dermatological agent, it is utilized in a dermally effective amount, i.e., in an amount sufficient to evoke the desired dermal effect (which may be cosmetic or therapeutic in nature). On the other hand, when the bio-affecting agent is a 15 systemically active therapeutic agent and introduction of the agent into the general circulation is desired, then the agent is employed in a systemically effective amount, i.e., in an amount sufficient to produce the desired -systemic response. DEET is employed in the 20 instant compositions in an amount sufficient to enhance skin permeation of the bio-affecting agent. Detailed Description of the Invention: The present invention provides compositions and methods for surprisingly and greatly increasing the 25 rate of penetration through the skin of various bio- affecting agents. The amount of dermatological agents absorbed into the underlying tissues of the skin and the amount of systemically effective therapeutic agents absorbed into the general circulation can be 30 dramatically increased utilizing the compositions and method of the invention. Many substances provide beneficial effects when applied topically to the skin, for example, for the purpose of treating surface or subsurface diseases or for creating skin conditions which protect the skin form external factors. Such dermatological agents, which can be made more useful by enhancing their penetration through the protective .layer of the skin in accord with the present invention, are exemplified by, but not limited to, the following classes of substances: (a) Antimicrobial substances, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiacne and antiviral agents. These substances, which have been shown to have increased percutaneous absorption when used in the present process, are illustrated by lincomycin; clindamycin; tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlorotetracycline, and other tetracycline-type antibiotics; erythromycin; 2-thiopyridine N-oxide; halogen compounds, particularly iodine and iodine compounds such as iodine-PVP complex and diiodohydroxyquin; penicillins, such as penicillin G and penicillin V; cephalosporins, i.e. any of the many new forms of these 3-lactam antibiotics such as cephalexin; any of the sulfonamide class of antibacterials; hexachlorophene; chlorhexidine; chloroamine compounds; benzoylperoxide; streptomycin or any other members of the class of aminoglycoside antibiotics; nitrofurantoin; nystatin; amphotericin B; 5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine; griseofulvin; thiabenzadole; and gramicidin. When the level of antimicrobial agents in the skin is greatly increased, the host has an improved ability to combat dermal infections such as boils, infected cuts or incisions, acne, herpes sores and ringworm. Experimental data has shown that DEET1 formulations of these agents enhance the delivery of the agents into the skin. (b) Antimetabolites, for example, 5- fluorouracil, 6-mercaptopurine, mycophenolic acid, methotrexate and the like, which have utility in the treatment of skin cancers and psoriasis. These agents have shown increased dermal penetration and increased efficacy when formulated with DEET. (c) Anticholinergic agents, which are effective for the inhibition of axillary sweating and for the control of prickly heat. The antiperspirant activity of. agents such as methatropine nitrate, propantheline bromide, scopolamine, methscopolamine bromide, and the new class of soft antiperspirants, quaternary acyloxymethyl ammonium salts described, for example, by Bodor et al, J. Med. Chem. 23, 474. (1980) and also in United Kingdom Specification No. 2010270, published 27 June 1979 is greatly enhanced when formulated with DEET. (d) Steroidal antiinflammatory agents, such as hydrocortisone, hydrocortisone 17-valerate, hydrocortisone 17-butyrate, hydrocortisone 21-acetate, betamethasone valerate, triamcinolone acetonide, fluocinonide, desonide, fluocinolone acetonide, dexamethasone, dexamethasone 21-phosphate, prednisolone, prednisolone 21-phosphate, and haloprednone; as well as non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents, such as indomethacin, naproxen, fenoprofen, ibuprofen, alcolfenac, phenylbutazone, sulindac, desoxysulindac, diflunisal, aspirin and mefenamic acid. These agents are effective for treating inflammatory disorders of the skin and the underlying tissues, and the rate and extent of their penetration is greatly enhanced by formulation with DEET. Further examples of steroidal antiinflammatory agents for use in the instant compositions include cortisone acetate, 1 963 -9- hydrocortisone cyclopentylpropionate, cortodoxone, flucetonide, fludrocortisone acetate, flurandrenolone acetonide, rnedrysone, amcinafal, amcinafide, betamethasone, betamethasone benzoate, chloroprednisone acetate, clocortolone acetate, descinolone acetonide,/ desoximetasone, dichlorisone acetate, difluprednate, flucloronide, flumethasone, flumethasone pivalate, flunisolide acetate, fluocortolone, fluorometholone, fluperolone acetate, fluprednisolone, fluprednisolone valerate, meprednisone, methyl prednisolone, paramethasone acetate, prednisolamate, prednisone, prednival, triamcinolone, triamcinolone hexacetonide, cortivazol, formocortal and nivazol. Additional nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents which can be formulated in combination with DEET include salicylamide, salicylic acid, flufenisal, salsalate, triethanolamine salicylate, aminopyrine, antipyrine, oxyphenbutazone, apazone, cintazone, flufenamic acid, clonixeril, clonixin, meclofenamic acid, flunixin, colchicine, demecolcine, allopurinol, oxypurinol, benzydamine hydrochloride, dimefadane, indoxole, intrazole, mimbane hydrochloride, paranylene hydrochloride, tetrydamine, benzindopyrine hydrochloide, fluprofen, ibufenac, ketoprofen, naproxol, fenbufen, cinchophen, diflumidone sodium, fenamole, flutiazin, metazamide, letimide hydrochloride, nexeridine hydrochloride, octazamide, molinazole, neocinchophen, nimazole, proxazole citrate, tesicam, tesimide, tolmetin, tramadol and triflumidate. (e) Local anesthetics, such as benzocaine, procaine, propoxycaine, dibucaine and lidocaine. Such agents are poorly absorbed through the skin but when formulated with DEET show enhanced anesthetic properties. -10- (f) Sunscreens, such as p-aminobenzoic acid, p-dimethylaminobenzoic acid, and their alkyl esters. These compounds are poorly retained in the skin but when formulated with DEET penetrate the stratum corneum and are better retained. (g) Sex hormones, i.e. the estrogens, androgens and progestins, particularly the natural sex hormones estradiol, testosterone and progesterone, which are useful for a variety of cosmetic purposes such as stimulation of scalp hair growth and use in beauty preparations. DEET added to these preparations enhances the penetration of the hormones and increases their retention. (h) Antihistimines, such as cyproheptadine hydrochloride (Periactin). These too can be advantageously formulated in combination with DEET. (i) Miscellaneous dermatological agents, e.g. skin lightening agents such as hydroquinone, keratolytics and agents for treating psoriasis, dermatitis, pruritus and erythema, and emollients. A wide variety of therapeutic agents provide beneficial effects when absorbed into the systemic circulation. Formulation of such systemically effective therapeutic agents in combination with DEET greatly enhances their rate of penetration through the skin and the amount absorbed into the systemic circulation, and thus makes it possible to achieve a systemic effect thorugh topical application of the drug. There is a significant advantage to the topical delivery of systemically effective therapeutic agents in cases where the drug is not absorbed well orally, produces gastric problems, or even if well absorbed, is rapidly metabolized in the liver immediately after absorption (the "first pass" effect). In such cases, 1963 9 -li- by using topical delivery, a systemic response can be elicited at a lower dosage than required orally. At the same time, topical delivery avoids the disadvantages inherent in the intravenous route of 5 administration, which would otherwise be necessary to achieve effective blood levels at reasonable dosage amounts. Such systemically effective therapeutic agents, which can be formulated in combination with DEET, are exemplified by, but not limited to, the 10 following classes of substances: (a) 3-Blockers, such as propranolol, bupranolol, metoprolol, nadolol, satalol, alprenolol, oxprenolol, carteolol, labetalol, atenolol, pindolol, timolol and timolol maleate. Because these 15 antiarrhythmic agents are subject to extensive liver metabolism, elevated doses are required orally for clinical efficacy. Thus, the formulations of DEET with these agents are especially advantageous. (b) Antimicrobial substances, such as 20 antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral agents. These substances, which have been shown to have increased percutaneous absorption when used in accord with the present invention, are exemplified by lincomycin; clindamycin; tetracycline, oxytetracycline, 25 chlorotetracycline and other tetracycline-type antibiotics; erythromycin; 2-thiopyridine N-oxide; halogen compounds, especially iodine and iodine compounds; penicillins, such as penicillin G and penicillin V; cephalosporins, i.e., any of the many new 30 forms of these 3-lactam antibiotics such as cefalexin and cefoxytin; any of the sulfonamide class of antibacterials; streptomycin or any other members of the class of aminoglycoside antibiotics; nitrofurantoin; nystatin; amphotericin B; 5-iodo-2- 1 1 ^ I / <•_> J -12- deoxyuridine; N-formimidoyl thienamycin monohydrate; 1-ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3-quinoline carboxylic acid; phosphonomycin; novabiocin; cycloserine; cephamycins, particularly cephamycin C; 5 and griseofulvin. Experimental data show the DEET formulations of these agents enhance their delivery through the skin. (c) Steroidal antiinflammatory agents, i.e., corticosteroids, such as hydrocortisone, hydrocortisone 10 17-valerate, hydrocortisone 17-butyrate, hydrocortisone 21-acetate, betamethasone valerate, triamcinolone acetonide, fluocinonide, desonide, fluocinolone acetonide, dexamethasone, dexamethasone 21-phosphate, prednisolone, prednisolone 21-phosphate, haloprednone, 15 cortisone acetate, hydrocortisone cyclopentylpropionate, cortodoxone, flucetonide, fludrocortisone acetate, flurandrenolone acetonide, medrysone, amcinafal, amcinafide, betamethasone, betamethasone benzoate, 20 chloroprednisone acetate, clocortolone acetate, descinolone acetonide, desoximetasone, dichlorisone acetate, difluprednate, flucloronide, flumethasone, flumethasone pivalate, flunisolide acetate, fluocortolone, fluorometholone, fluperolone acetate, 25 fluprednisolone, fluprednisolone valerate, meprednisone, methyl prednisolone, paramethasone acetate, prednisolamate, prednisone, prednival, triamcinolone, triamcinolone hexacetonide, cortivazol, formocortal and nivazol. These compounds, which can be 30 of great value systemiclaly in inflammation, are better absorbed through the skin when formulated with DEET. (d) Non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents, such as indomethacin, naproxen, fenoprofen, ibuprofen, alcolfenac, phenylbutazone, mefenamic acid, sulindac, 35 desoxysulindac, diflunisal, aspirin, salicylamide, -13- salicylic acid, flufenisal, salsalate, triethanolamine salicylate, aminopyrine, antipyrine, oxyphenbutazone, apazone, cintazone, flufenamic acid, clonixeril, clonixin, meclofenamic acid, flunixin, colchicine, demecolcine, allopurinol, oxypurinol, benzydamine hydrochloride, dimefadane, indoxole, intrazole, mimbane hydrochloride, paranylene hydrochloride, tetrydamine, benzindopyrine hydrochloride, fluprofen, ibufenac, ketoprofen, naproxol, fenbufen, cinchophen, diflumidone sodium, fenamole, flutiazin, metazamide, letimide hydrochloride, nexeridine hydrochloride, octazamide, molinazole neocin'chophen, nimazole, proxazole citrate, tesicam, tesimide, tolmetin, tramadol and triflumidate. These compounds are effective for treating inflammatory disorders of the skin and the underlying tissues. The rate and extent of penetration of these agents is greatly enhanced by the formulation with DEET. (e) Antihypertensives, such as clonidine and a-methyldopa, and antiangina and vasodilator agents such as nitroglycerin, erythritol tetranitrate, isosorbide dinitrate, mannitol hexanitrate, pentaerythrityl tetranitrate, papaverine and dipyridamole. Such agents show enhanced absorption through the skin when formulated with DEET. (f) Sex hormones, i.e. the estrogens, androgens and progestins, especially the natural sex hormones estradiol, testosterone and progesterone. These agents show very poor bioavailability by the oral route, but are well absorbed through the skin when formulated with DEET. (g) Muscle relaxants, for example cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride and diazepam. These can be advantageously formulated in combination with DEET. 1 e £ -14- (h) Antiasthma drugs, such as cromoglycic acid and its prodrugs [described, for example, in International Journal of Pharmaceutics 7, 63-75 (1980)]. Because of its short half-life, cromoglycic acid is an especially desirable candidate for formulation with DEET according to the present invention. (i) Antiemetics, e.g. pipamazine, chlorpromazine, and dimenhydrinate. These can also be formulated with DEET in accord with the present invention. The effectiveness of DEET as a penetration enhancer is illustrated by comparison of formulations of a number of representative bio-affecting agents with DEET vis-a-vis commercial formulations of those agents, or formulations of those agents with common adjuvants. The comparison made generally consisted of measuring the relative penetration through hairless mouse skin of the various formulations. In every case, the delivery observed with the DEET formulations was superior. In addition, the effectiveness of a DEET formulation of a representative systemically active drug was demonstrated in vivo using beagle dogs. Further, the dermal effectiveness of DEET formulations of dermatological agents was demonstrated _in_ vivo by studying the vasoconstriction and blanching of the skin as induced by cortical steroids. When a commercial formulations of hydrocortisone 17-butyrate was compared to a DEET formulation, the latter shown comparable blanching at 1/10 of the dose of the commercial formulation. Skin penetration was determined using an in vitro diffusion cell procedure. The diffusion cells were obtained from Kercso Engineering Consultants, 3248 Kipling Street, Palo Alto, California 94306. The plexiglass diffusion cells consisted of a lower chamber with a side arm to allow sampling of the receptor phase, and a teflon lid. A teflon-coated stirring bar 5 provided efficient mixing. The hairless mice (Jackson Labs) were sacrificed using cervical dislocation and the whole dorsal skin removed. The skin was gently stretched over the lower opening of the teflon lid and secured with a neoprene rubber gasket. The lid was 10 then placed firmly on the lower chamber and secured with three screws. The opening in the lid left exposed an area of 8.0 cm2 (3.2 cm in diameter) on the epidermis side thorugh which penetration was measured. The receptor fluid was 45 mL of buffer 15 consisting of 1.5/10~-'-m NaCl, 5.0x10~^m Nal^PC^, 2.0xl0~^M Na2HPC>4 and 200 ppm gentamycin sulfate adjusted to pH 7.2 with sodium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid. Air bubbles were carefully removed from the dermal surface of the skin by tipping the 20 cell. In most cases 100 mg of formulation, solution or suspension containing the drug substance to be tested was applied evenly over the mouse skin. The cell was placed in a thermostated chamber maintained at 32±1°C and the reservoir stirred by a magnetic stirrer at 2.5 25 Hz. After 24 hours a sample of the receptor fluid was withdrawn by a pipet through the side arm and emptied into a test tube, capped and frozen. The concentration of applied drug in each diffusion cell sample was measured using high pressure liquid chromatography 30 (HPLC). The results reported for each experiment are the average values from three replicate diffusion cells. Chromatography was performed on a high capability chromatograph using assay conditions specific for measurement of the target compounds in each example. Conditions are described in each example. In addition to the diffusion cell technique to measure percutaneous absorption, hydrocortisone 17-butyrate was also tested on humans. Test formulations were applied to test areas (2 cm x 2 cm) on the lower back of healthy male and female human volunteer subjects. Each formulation was applied to four or more test areas per subject and the results averaged. All test areas were exposed to air (non occluded) for 3.5 hours after application, at which time any remaining formulation was wiped off with ethanol. Blanching was evaluated at 5, 6, 7 and 8 hours post application. The blanching at each test area was visually appraised on a scale of 0-4 where 0 = no blanching, 1 = barely discernible blanching, 4 = maximum blanching. Individual values for each formulation are averaged (N= 8-10) and this value becomes the basis for different comparisons. In the Examples which follow, percents are by weight unless otherwise specified. EXAMPLE I The in vitro diffusion cell method described above was used to compare the penetration* of a 1% hydrocortisone solution in DEET with a commercial product (Hyton^1 cream containing 1% hydrocortisone). The DEET solution was prepared by dissolving 30 mg of hydrocortisone in 2.97 g of DEET. A 100 mg sample of the solution or a 100 mg sample of the Hytone® cream was applied to the mouse skin in the diffusion cell experiment. Reservoir samples were assayed for hydrocortisone by HPLC using a uBondapak C18 column with detection at 254 nm. The mobile phase was 35% by volume acetonitrile/65% by volume water. 1 Q -17- TABLE I 24 hour Hydrocortisone in Permeation Percent Hyton^® cream3 1.6 ± 0.1 DEET 35 ± 14 aDermik Laboratories Inc., Ft. Washington, PA 19034 EXAMPLE II The in vitro diffusion cell method described previously was used to compare the permeation of hydrocortisone 21-acetate from a solution in DEET and a commercial product (Carmol® 1% hydrocortisone acetate cream). The DEET solution was prepared by dissolving 30 mg of hydrocortisone 21-acetate in 2.97 g of DEET. A 100 mg sample of this solution or a 100 mg sample of Carmol® cream was applied to the mouse skin in the diffusion cell experiment. Samples of the reservoir fluid were assayed for hydrocortisone 21-acetate by HPLC using an RP-8 column with detection at 254 nm. The mobile phase was 20% by volume acetonitrile/20% by volume tetrahydrofuran/60% by volume water. c? 1 Q.<, * w -18- TABLE II Hydrocortisone 24 hour 21-acetate in Permeation Percent Carmol® cream3 0.67 ± 0.12 DEET 28 ± 4 aIngram Pharmaceutical Co., San Francisco, CA 94111 EXAMPLE III The in vitro diffusion cell procedure described previously was used to compare the permeation of hydrocortisone 17-butyrate from a solution in DEET with a commercial product (Locoi &> cream at 0.1% hydrocortisone 17-butyrate). The 0.1% solution of hydrocortisone 17-butyrate was prepared by dissolving 30 mg of hydrocortisone 17-butyrate in 3 g of DEET. A 100 mg sample of this solution or a 100 mg sample of Locoid® cream was applied to the skin. Samples of the reservoir fluid were assayed for hydrocortisone 17-butyrate by HPLC using an RP-8 column with detection at 254 nm. The mobile phase was 40% by volume tetrahydrofuran/60% by volume water. TABLE III Hydrocortisone. 24 hour 17-butyrate in Permeation Percent Locoic^ cream3 4.7 ± 0.6 DEET 63 ± 7 aTorii Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan EXAMPLE IV The in vitro diffusion cell procedure previously described was used to compare the permeation of hydrocortisone 17-valerate from a solution in DEE'11 5 with a commercial product (Westcort® cream, 0.2% hydrocortisone 17-valerate). A 0.2% solution of hydrocortisone 17-valerate was prepared by dissolving 6 mg of the steroid in 3 g of DEET. A 100 mg sample of this solution or a 100 mg sample of Westcort® cream 10 was applied to the skin. .Samples of the reservoir fluid were assayed for hydrocortisone 17-valerate by HPLC using an RP-8 column with detection at 254 nm. The mobile phase was 30% by volume acetonitrile/20% by volume tetrahydrofuran/50% by volume water. 15 TABLE IV Hydrocortisone 24 hour 17-valerate in Permeation Percent Westcort® cream3 6.1 ± 0.8 DEET 41 ± 10 20 aWestwood Pharmaceutical, Inc., Buffalo, NY 14213 EXAMPLE V The in vitro diffusion cell procedure previously described was used to compare the permeation of a solution of erythromycin in DEET with a suspension 25 in petrolatum. The 1% solution of erythromycin base was prepared by dissolving 30 mg of erythromycin base in 2.97 g of DEET. The 1% suspension in petrolatum was prepared by mixing 30 mg of erythromycin base with melted petrolatum till cool. A 100 mg sample of the 30 solution or of the suspension was applied to the 1 o J o r* ^ J -20- skin. Samples of the reservoir fluid were assayed for erythromycin by HPLC using a yBondapak C18 column with detection at 215 nm. The mobile phase was 2mM NH4H2PO4 in 30% by volume acetonitrile/70% by volume water. 5 TABLE V 24 hour Erythromycin in Permeation Percent Petrolatum not detectable DEET 83 ± 6 10 EXAMPLE VI The _in vitro diffusion cell procedure previously described was used to compare the permeation of tetracycline from a suspension in DEET with a commercial product (Topicycling® solution). The 15 Topicyclin^ (2.2 mg of the tetracycline hydrochloride per mL as active ingredient) was prepared as described on the package insert. A suspension containing the same 2.2 mg amount of tetracycline hydrochloride per mL was prepared in DEET using the same mixture of solid 20 ingredients (tetracycline hydrochloride, 4- epitetracycline hydrochloride and sodium bisulfite) as in Topicycline. Samples of 100 mg were applied to the skin. Samples of the reservoir fluid were assayed for tetracycline by HPLC with detection at 254 nm. The 25 mobile phase was ImM K^EDTA and 2mM H3PO4 in 28% by volume acetonitrile/72% by volume water. 4 *> 3 95 -21- TABLE VI 24 hour Tetracycline in Permeation Percent Topicyclin^3 0.05 DEET 6 aProcter & Gamble, Cincinnati , OH 45202 EXAMPLE VII The in vitro diffusion cell procedure previously described was used to compare the permeation 10 of benzocaine from a solution in DEE^ with a commercial product (Solarcain^® cream—1% benzocaine). A solution of benzocaine was prepared by dissolving 30 mg of benzocaine in 2.97 g of DEET. A 100 mg sample of the solution or a 100 mg sample of cream was applied to the 15 skin. Samples of the reservoir fluid were assayed for benzocaine by HPLC using an RP-8 column with detection at 254 nm. The mobile phase was 15% acetonitrile/20% tetrahydrofuran/65% water (%'s by volume). TABLE VII 20 24 hour Benzocaine in Permeation Percent Solarcain^ cream3 12 ± 2 DEET 36 ± 4 Plough, Inc., Memphis, TN 38151 o 1 -22- EXAMPLE VIII 10 The in vitro diffusion cell procedure described previously was used to compare the permeation of dibucaine from a solution in DEET with a commercial product (Nupercainal® cream, 0.5% dibucaine). A solution of dibucaine was prepared by dissolving 15 mg of dibucaine in 2.98 g of DEET. A 100 mg sample of the solution or a 100 mg sample of the cream was applied to the skin. Samples of the reservoir fluid were assayed for dibucaine by HPLC using a yBondapak RP-CN column with detection at 254 nm. The mobile phase was 2mM NH4H2PO4 in 40% by volume acetonitrile/60% by volume water. TABLE VIII 15 24 hour Dibucaine in Permeation Percent Nupercainal® cream3 15 ± 1 DEET 83 ± 11 aCIBA Pharmaceutical Co., Summit, NJ 07901 20 EXAMPLE IX 25 The in vitro diffusion cell procedure described previously was used to compare the permeation of indomethacin in a DEET solution with a suspension in petrolatum. A 1% solution of indomethacin was prepared by dissolving 30 mg of indomethacin in 2.97 g of DEET. A 1% suspension was prepared by mixing 30 mg of indomethacin with 2.97 g of melted petrolatum until cool. A 100 mg sample of the solution or a 100 mg 1 963 9 5 -23- sample of the suspension was applied to the skin. Samples of reservoir fluid were assayed for indomethacin by HPLC using a yBondapak RP-CN column with detection at 254 nm. The mobile was 2mM NH4H2PO4 5 in 40% by volume acetonitrile/60% by volume water. TABLE IX 24 hour Indomethacin in Permeation Percent Petrolatum 1 ± 0.4 10 DEET 38 ± 16 EXAMPLE X The jln vitro diffusion cell procedure described previously was used to compare the permeation of ibuprofen from a solution in DEET with a suspension 15 in petrolatum. A 1% solution of ibuprofen was prepared by dissolving 30 mg of ibuprofen in 2.97 g of DEET. A 1% suspension of iuprofen was prepared by mixing 30 mg of ibuprofen with 2.97 g of melted petrolatum until cool. Samples of reservoir fluid were assayed for 20 ibuprofen by HPLC using a yBondapak RP-CN column with detection at 205 nm. The mobile phase was 2 mM NH4H2PO4 in 35% by volume acetonitrile/65% by volume water. -24- TABLE X 24 hour Ibuprofen in Permeation Percent Petrolatum 64 ± 7 DEET 102 ± 4 EXAMPLE XI The _rn vitro diffusion cell procedure described previously was used to measure the dermal diffusion of quaternary ammonium salts useful as antiperspirants. Solutions of d,l-a -cyclopentyl-phenylacetoxymethyl-l-methylpyrrolidinium chloride dissolved in ethanol or 10% DEET in ethanol (0.03M, 250y L) were applied to the epidermal surface (8.04 O cm^) of albino, hairless mouse skin in a diffusion cell. Samples of the receptor fluid (isotonic 6.7xlO~^M sodium phosphate pH 6.0, 32°C) were removed at timed intervals and the concentration of the quaternary salt was determined by HPLC analysis using a Partisil SCX column eluted with 4xlO-2M potassium phosphate buffer pH 3.5 in 60% by volume methanol/40% by volume water. The peaks were detected at 254 nm. TABLE XI Diffusion of Quaternary Salt Through Skin % Diffusion at Solvent 24 hours Ethanol 10% DEET/Ethanol 3.0 67.3 1 O rt T 3 r* -25- EXAMPLE XII A 1% solution of hydrocortisone 17-butyrate was prepared in a 1:1 mixture of isopropyl myristate and DEET (30 mg of hydrocortisone 17-butyrate in 2.97 g 5 of isopropyl myristate/DEET mixture).. For the blanching test, 1 yl of the above solution and 50 yl of Locoid cream were applied to the skin. The results are shown in Table XII. TABLE XII 10 Formulation of Blanching Response Hydrocortisone Amount at Various Times, Hours 17-butyrate Applied 5 6 7 8 Locoid cream3 0.1% 50 yl 3.9 3.0 3.3 3.5 • o -H 9 ±0.9 ±0.8 ±0.5 DEET/IPM (1:1) 1% 1 yl 2.3 3.0 00 • CN 2.7 ±1. a • o -H CM ±1.0 ±0.8 aTorii Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , Tokyo, Japan A similar blanching response was obtained with the DEET/IPM at 1/5 the applied dose which 20 indicates a five fold better delivery of hydrocortisone (H) 17-butyrate in DEET/IPM over Locoid^ cream. EXAMPLE XIII The underarm antiperspirant efficacy of d,l-a-cyclopentylacetoxymethy1-1-methylpyrrolidinium 25 dodecyl sulfate was measured in ethanol and DEET. The quaternary salt (17 mg) in ethanol or DEET was applied to the right armpit of healthy female human subjects and allowed to dry. The percent inhibition of perspiration was determined 5 hours after three daily -26- applications. The two subjects were subjected to heat stress (40° C) and their perspiration output compared to the perspiration of the control left armpit. TABLE XIII Axillary Antiperspirant Activity in Ethanol or DEET % Inhibition after Subject Solvent 3 Daily Applications 1 Ethanol 21 DEET 34 2 Ethanol DEET EXAMPLE XIV The in vitro diffusion method described hereinabove was used to determine the dermal penetration of bupranolol in DEET compared to other commonly used penetration enhancers. In each case the solvent was saturated with excess drug at 25° and 100 yl of the suspension was applied to the epidermal side of the mouse skin.. Reservoir samples were assayed for bupranolol by HPLC using a yBondapak RP-CN column with detection at 205 nm. The mobile phase was 60% by volume acetonitrile/40% by volume water, 2mM in NH4H2PO4. 0 29 37 1 96 3 ^ -27- TABLE XIV 24 hour Bupranolol in Penetration DEET 16 mg 5 Propylene Glycol 16 mg EXAMPLE" XV In order to test the in vivo effect of bupranolol penetration, 200 mg of bupranolol was suspended in 1 ml of DEET and the suspension was 10 absorbed onto a 6 cm2 woven fiberglass patch backed with aluminum foil. The patch was applied to the clipped back of a beagle dog which was challenged at periodic intervals with 50 yl of isoproterenol (1:5000). The ratio of heart rate increase as compared 15 to contr-ol was taken as a measure of the percent of beta blockade. The percent beta blockade increased continuously and was 45% at 5 hours when the experiment was terminated. EXAMPLE XVI 20 The in vitro diffusion cell procedure described previously was used to compare the permeation of griseofulvin in a DEET solution with a suspension in petrolatum. A 0.5% solution of griseofulvin was prepared by dissolving 15 mg of griseofulvin in 2.985 g 25 of DEET. A 0.5% suspension was prepared by mixing 15 mg of griseofulvin with 2.985 g of melted petrolatum until cool. A 100 mg sample of the solution or a 100 1963 -28- mg sample of the suspension was applied to the skin. Samples of reservoir fluid were assayed for griseofulvin by HPLC using a yBondapak RP-CN column with detection at 295 nm. The mobile phase was 2 mM 5 NH4H2PO4 in 25% by volume acetonitrile/75% by volume water. TABLE XVI 24 hour Griseofulvin in Permeation Percent 10 Petrolatum 0.4 DEET 29.0 EXAMPLE XVII The in vitro diffusion cell procedure described previously was used to compare the permeation 15 of triethanolamine salicylate from a solution in DEET with a commercial product (Asper®lotion, 10% triethanolamine salicylate). A solution of triethanolamine salicylate was prepared by dissolving 1 g of triethanolamine salicylate in 9 g of DEET. A 100 20 mg sample of the solution or a 100 mg sample of the commercial lotion was applied to the skin. Samples of the reservoir fluid were assayed for triethanolamine salicylate by HPLC using an RP-8 column with detection at 254 nm. The mobile phases was 10 mM H3PO4 in 60% by 25 volume methanol/40% by volume water. -29- TABLE XVII 24 hour Triethanolamine Salicylate in Permeation Percent Asper® lotion a 16 DEET 89 aThompson Medical Co. Inc., New York, N.Y. 10022 EXAMPLE XVIII The in vitro diffusion cell procedure described previously was used to compare the permeation of mycophenolic acid in a DEET solution with a suspension in petrolatum. A 1% solution of mycophenolic acid was prepared by dissolving 30 mg of mycophenolic acid in 2.97 g of DEET. A 1% suspension was prepared by mixing 30 mg of mycophenolic acid with 2.97 g of melted petrolatum until cool. A 100 mg sample of the solution or a 100 mg sample of the suspension was applied to the skin. Samples of reservoir fluid were asayed for mycophenolic acid by HPLC using a yBondapak RP-CN column with detection at . 295 nm. The mobile phase was 2 mM NH4H2PO4 in 10% by volume acetonitrile/10% by volume tetrahydrofuran/80% by volume water. TABLE XVIII .24 hour Mycophenolic Acid in Permeation Percent Petrolatum Not detectable DEET 42 1 f*\ ,r* <.J) -30- 10 15 20 EXAMPLE XIX « The in vitro diffusion cell procedure described previously was used to compare the permeation of idoxuridine (also known as 5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine) from a solution in DEET with a commercial product (Stoxil^ solution, 0.1% idoxuridine). A 0.1% solution of idoxuridine was prepared by dissolving 30 mg of idoxuridine in 3 g of DEET. A 100 mg sample of that solution or a 100 mg sample of Stoxil^ solution was applied to the skin. Samples of the reservoir fluid were assayed for idoxuridine by HPLC using an RP-8 column with detection at 254 nm. The mobile phase was 1 mM H3PO4 in 20% by volume methanol/80% by volume water. TABLE XIX 24 hour Idoxuridine in Permeation Percent Stoxil® solution b8 DEET 77 bSmith Kline and French Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA 19101 EXAMPLE XX The in vitro diffusion cell procedure described previously was used to compare the permeation of dexamethasone from a suspension in DEET/petrolatum (6) with a commercial product (Decaderm^, 0.1% dexamethasone). A 0.1% suspension of dexamethasone was prepared by warming a mixture of 5 g of DEET and 95 g of petrolatum until fluid (about 50°C), then adding 0.1 g of dexamethasone and mixing until cool. A 100 mg -31- sample of the suspension in DEET/petrolatum or a 100 mg sample of the commercial preparation was applied to the skin. Samples of the reservoir fluid were assayed for dexamethasone by HPLC using a yBondapak RP-CN column 5 with detection at 254 nm. The mobile phase was 25% by volume tetrahydrofuran/75% by volume water. TABLE XX 6 hour Dexamethasone in Permation Percent 10 (R) Decaderm topical c 8 DEET/Petrolatum 14 cMerck Sharp & Dohme, West Point, PA 19486 EXAMPLE XXI A 0.1% suspension of dexamethasone in 15 DEET/petrolatum was prepared as described in EXAMPLE XX. For the blanching test, samples of the above suspension and of Decaderm topical were applied to the skin. The results are tabulated below. TABLE XXI 20 Blanching Response at Formulation of Amount Various Times, Hours Dexamethasone Applied 5 6 7 8 Decaderm®, 0.1%c 50 mg 1.8 1.3 1.3 1.8 ±0.5 ±1.0 ±1.0 ±0.5 25 DEET/Petrolatum (5:95), 50 mg 3.8 3.0 2.8 2.8 0.1% ±0.5 ±0.8 ±0.5 ±0.5 cMerck Sharp & Dohme, West Point, PA 19486 1 G.< "? n r ' ' O ^ V a ■32- EXAMPLE XXII The in vitro diffusion cell procedure described previously was used to compare the permeation of the following formulations of indomethacin: 5 (a) 1% indomethacin in petrolatum, prepared as described in EXAMPLE IX; (b) 1% indomethacin in DEET, prepared as described in EXAMPLE IX; (c) 1% indomethacin in 1% DEET/petrolatum, 10 prepared by warming a mixture of 1 g of DEE^ and 99 g of petrolatum until fluid (about 50°C), then adding 1 g of indomethacin and mixing until cool; (d) 1% indomethacin in 5% DEET/petrolatum, prepared as in (c) above, but using 5 g of DEET and 95 15 g of petrolatum; (e) 1% indomethacin in 10% DEET/petrolatum, prepared as in (c) above, but using 10 g of DEET and 9 0 g of petrolatum; (f) ' 1% indomethacin in an oil/water cream 20 formulated as follows: INGREDIENT % BY WEIGHT isopropyl myristate 2% DEET 5% petrolatum 20% 25 mineral oil 20% sorbitan monostearate (ARLACEL 60) 8% polysorbate 60 (TWEEN® 60) 1% 30 indomethacin 1% water 43% -33- The drug and all of the other ingredients except water were combined and heated to 70°C, with stirring, until homogeneous, then poured into water, which was also at 70°C, with rapid agitation. The mixture was stirred, 5 as it was allowed to cool, until a creamy consistency was obtained; (g) 1% indomethacin in an oil/water cream formulated as follows: INGREDIENT % BY WEIGHT 10 isopropyl myristate 2% DEET 5% petrolatum 20% mineral oil 20% polyoxyethylene (2) 15 stearyl ether [BRIJ 72] 6% polyoxyethylene (40) £ monostearate [MYRJ 52] 1% indomethacin 1% water 45% 20 The cream was prepared in the same manner as described in (f) above. A 100 mg sample of the selected formulation was applied to the skin. Samples of reservoir fluid were assayed for indomethacin by HPLC using a 25 yBondapak RP-CN column with detection at 254 nm. The mobile phase was 2 mM NH4H2PO4 in 40% by volume acetonitrile/60% by volume water. -34- TABLE XXII 24 hour Indomethacin (1%) in Permeation Percent Petrolatum (a) DEET (b) 1% DEET/petrolatum (c) 5% DEET/petrolatum (d) 10% DEET/petrolatum (e) 5% DEET oil/water cream (f) 5% DEET oil/water cream (g) EXAMPLE XXIII The in vitro diffusion cell procedure described previously was used to compare the permeation of the following formulations of tetracycline: (a) 0.22% tetracycline hydrochloride in petrolatum, prepared by suspending a mixture of tetracycline hydrochloride, 4-epicycline hydrochloride and sodium bisulfite in melted petrolatum, the product containing 2.2 mg of tetracycline hydrochloride per mL; (b) 0.22% tetracycline hydrochloride in 1% DEET/petrolatum, prepared by warming a mixture of 1 g of DEET and 99 g of petrolatum until fluid (about 50°C), then adding a mixture of tetracycline hydrochloride, 4-epicycline hydrochloride and sodium bisulfite such that the product contains 2.2 mg of tetracycline hydrochloride per mL and mixing until cool; (c) 0.22% tetracycline hydrochloride in 5% DEET/petrolatum, prepared as described in (b) above but using 5 g of DEET and 95 g of petrolatum; (d) 0.44% tetracycline hydrochloride in 1% 0.9 37.6 1.1 12.7 21.8 17.7 14.6 -35- DEET/petrolatum, prepared by warming a mixture of 1 g of DEET and 99 g of petrolatum until fluid (about e 50°C), then adding sufficient tetracycline hydrochloride to produce a product containing 4.4 mg of tetracycline hydrochloride per mL and mixing until cool; (e) 0.44% tetracycline hydrochloride in 5% DEET/petrolatum, prepared as described in (d) above but using 5 g of DEET and 95 g of petrolatum; (f) 0.44% tetracycline hydrochloride in 10% DEET/petrolatum, prepared as described in (d) above but using 10 g of DEET and 90 g of petrolatum. A 100 mg sample of the selected formulation was applied to the skin. Samples of reservoir fluid were assayed for tetracycline by HPLC with detection at 254 nm. The mobile phase was 1 mM Na2EDTA and 2mM H3PO4 in 28% by volume acetonitrile/72% by volume water. TABLE XXIII 24 hour Tetracycline ^ Permeation Percent 0. 22% in petrolatum (a) 0 0.22% in 1% DEET/petrolatum (b) 0. 8 0.22% in 5% DEET/petrolatum (c) 2. 1 0.44% in 1% DEET/petrolatum (d) 0. 5 0.44% in 5% DEET/petrolatum (e) 1. 2 0.44% in 10% DEET/petrolatum (f) 2. 3 The various bio-affecting agents 'envisaged by the present invention are conveniently topically administered to warm-blooded animals in combination with DEET in conventional unit dosage amount and ! 963 -36- form. If desired, any suitable non-toxic or pharmaceutically acceptable topical carrier material or vehicle can be combined with DEET and the bio-affecting agent. Such carrier materials are per se well known to 5 those skilled in the art of topical pharmaceutical formulations. Compare, for example, Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 14th Edition (1970). Thus the formulation according to the invention may simply be a stable solution or suspension of the bio-affecting 10 agent in DEET, or it may be a combination of the bio-affecting agent and DEET with one or more carrier materials to form a solution, suspension, lotion, cream, ointment, aerosol spray or the like. Alternatively, a solution or suspension of the bio-15 affecting agent and DEET can be incorporated into a polymeric gel or film. The formulation of bio-affecting agent, DEET and, if desired, vehicle(s), can be applied directly to the skin, or can be applied to a carrier material such as a bandage, which can then be 20 adhered to the skin. The concentration of DEET in the vehicle generally can vary from about 0.1% to 100%, while the concentration of the bio-affecting agent generally can vary from about 0.001% to about 80% of the total composition. The concentration of bio-25 affecting agent in the formulation will vary with many factors, e.g. its type and potency, the condition for which it is administered, the surface area to which it is applied, the type of formulation used and the concentration of DEET in the formulation. Therapeutic 30 agents which are both dermally and systemically effective generally require the administration of considerably higher dosages to achieve a systemic effect than needed to produce a dermal response; such higher dosages (which may be greater by a factor of 10 </div>

Claims

<div class="application article clearfix printTableText" id="claims"> 1 9S -37- to 20 times in the case of an agent such as dexamethasone) can be achieved by increasing the concentration of DEET in the formulation, by increasing the concentration of the drug in the formulation, by increasing the area to which the formulation is applied, or by a combination of these measures. While the invention has been described in terms of various preferred embodiments, the skilled artisan will appreciate that various modifications, substitutions, omissions, and changes may be made without departing from the spirit thereof. Accordingly, it is intended that the scope of the present invention be limited solely by the scope of the following claims. -38- WHAT WE CLAIM IS:

1. A composition of matter for topical application comprising a biologically effective amount of at least one bio-affecting agent and a skin 5 permeation enhancing amount of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide.

2. A composition as defined by Claim 1, further comprising a non-toxic topical carrier.

3. A composition as defined by Claim 1 or 2, 10 wherein said effective amount of a bio-affecting agent comprises a dermally effective amount of a dermatological agent.

4. A composition as defined by Claim 3, wherein said dermatological agent is cosmetic in 15'. nature.

5. A composition as defined by Claim 3, wherein said dermatological agent is therapeutic in nature.

6. A composition as defined by Claim 1 or 2, 20 wherein said effective amount of a bio-affective agent comprises a systemically effective amount of a therapeutic agent.

7. A composition as defined by Claim 3, wherein said dermatological agent is an antibacterial, 25 antifungal, antiviral, non-steroidal antiinflammatory, \ antipsoriatic, antidermatitis, antipruritic, antiwart, keratolytic, local anesthetic, antierythema, 196395 -39- antimetabolite, progestin, estrogen, androgen, emollient, sunscreen, skin lightening or antihistaminic agent.

8. A composition as defined by Claim 3, 5 wherein said dermatological agent is an antiacne or antiperspirant agent.

9. A composition as defined by Claim 3, wherein said dermatological agent is a steroidal antiinflammatory agent. 10

10. A composition as defined by Claim 6, wherein said therapeutic agent is an antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, corticosteroidal, non-steroidal antiinflammatory, g-blocker, antihypertensive, antianginal, antiarrhythmic, vasodilator, antiemetic, 15 progestin, estrogen, androgen, muscle relaxant or antiasthma agent. 20 25

11. A compositon as defined by Claim 7, wherein said dermatological agent is lincomycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlorotetracycline, erythromycin, 2-thiopyridine N-oxide/ iodine, an iodoantimicrobial, a penicillin antibiotic, a cephalosporin antibiotic, a sulfonamide antibacterial, hexachlorophene, chlorhexidine, a chloramine antibacterial, benzoylperoxide, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, nitrofurantoin, nystatin, amphotericin B, 5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine, griseofulvin, thiabenzadole, gramicidin, 5-fluorouracil, 6-mercaptopurine, mycophenolic acid, methotrexate, indomethacin, naproxen, fenoprofen, ibuprofen, alcolfenac, phenylbutazone, sulindac, desoxysulindac, 196395 -40- diflunisal> aspirin, mefenamic acid, benzocaine, procaine, propoxycaine, dibucaine, lidocaine, p-aminobenzoic acid, p-dimethylaminobenzoic acid, an alkyl ester of p-dimethylaminobenzoic acid, estradiol, testosterone, progesterone, cyproheptadine hydrochloride or hydroquinone.

12. A composition as defined by Claim 8, wherein said dermatological agent is an antiperspirant selected from the group consisting of methatropine nitrate, propantheline bromide, scopolamine, methscopolamine bromide and a quaternary acyloxymethyl ammonium salt.

13. A composition as defined by Claim 12, wherein said antiperspirant is d,l- a -cyclopenty1-phenylacetoxymethyl-l-methylpyrrolidinium chloride or d,l- a -cyclopentylphenylacetoxymethyl-l-methyl-pyrrolidinium dodecyl sulfate.

14. A composition as defined by Claim 9, wherein said steroidal anti-inflammatory agent'is hydrocortisone, hydrocortisone 17-valerate, hydrocortisone 17-butyrate, hydrocortisone 21-acetate, betamethasone valerate, triamcinolone -acetonide, fluocinonide, desonide, fluocinolone acetonide, dexamethasone, dexamethasone 21-phosphate, prednisolone, prednisolone 21-phosphate or haloprednone.

15. A composition as defined by Claim 10, wherein said therapeutic agent is lincomycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlorotetracycline, erythromycin, 2-thiopyridine N-oxide, a penicillin antibiotic, a cephalosporin -41- 196305 antibiotic, a sulfonamide antibacterial, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, nitrofurantoin, nystatin, amphotericin B, 5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine, N-formimidoyl thienamycin monohydrate, l-ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-OXO-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3-quinoline carboxylic acid, phosphonomycin, novabiocin, cycloserine, cephamycin C, griseofulvin, hydrocortisone, hydrocortisone 17-valerate, hydrocortisone 17-butyrate, hydrocortisone 21-acetate, betamethasone valerate, triamcinolone acetonide, fluocinonide, desonide, fluocinolone acetonide, dexamethasone, dexamethasone 21-phosphate, prednisolone, prednisolone 21-phosphate, haloprednone, indomethacin, naproxen, fenoprofen, ibuprofen, alcolfenac, phenylbutazone, mefenamic acid, sulindac, desoxysulindac, diflunisal, aspirin, benzocaine, procaine, propoxycaine, dibucaine, lidocaine, estradiol, testosterone, progesterone, propranolol, bupranolol, metoprolol, nadolol, satalol, alprenolol, oxprenolol, carteolol, labetalol, atenolol, pindolol, timolol, timolol maleate, a -methyldopa, clonidine, nitroglycerin, erythritol tetranitrate, isosorbide dinitrate, mannitol hexanitrate, pentaerythrityl tetranitrate, papaverine, dipyridamole, cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride, diazepam, or cromoglycic acid.

16. A method for enhancing skin permeation of a therapeutic or cosmetic agent, in non-human warm-blooded animals, which method comprises the topical administration of the therapeutic or cosmetic agent in combination with a skin permeation enhancing amount of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide. dated this ^7/a day of A. J. PARK & SON per s. agents for the applicants 19 ^ </div>