NO962925L - Spray Concrete Accelerator, and Methods and Equipment for Addition to Spray Concrete - Google Patents
Spray Concrete Accelerator, and Methods and Equipment for Addition to Spray ConcreteInfo
- Publication number
- NO962925L NO962925L NO962925A NO962925A NO962925L NO 962925 L NO962925 L NO 962925L NO 962925 A NO962925 A NO 962925A NO 962925 A NO962925 A NO 962925A NO 962925 L NO962925 L NO 962925L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- concrete
- accelerator
- spray nozzle
- equipment
- aluminum
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims description 31
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- ZCLVNIZJEKLGFA-UHFFFAOYSA-H bis(4,5-dioxo-1,3,2-dioxalumolan-2-yl) oxalate Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O ZCLVNIZJEKLGFA-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 lithium silicates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- MJWPFSQVORELDX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium formate Chemical compound [Al+3].[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O MJWPFSQVORELDX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003637 basic solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- YQNQTEBHHUSESQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium aluminate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Al]=O YQNQTEBHHUSESQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PAZHGORSDKKUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium metasilicate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O PAZHGORSDKKUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052912 lithium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- KVOIJEARBNBHHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [K+].[O-][Al]=O KVOIJEARBNBHHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QXDMQSPYEZFLGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium oxalate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O QXDMQSPYEZFLGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009974 thixotropic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/10—Accelerators; Activators
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00034—Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
- C04B2111/00146—Sprayable or pumpable mixtures
- C04B2111/00155—Sprayable, i.e. concrete-like, materials able to be shaped by spraying instead of by casting, e.g. gunite
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår tilsetning av akseleratorer i sprøytebetong. En akselerator er et tilsetningsstoff som fremskynder herding av betongen etter påsprøyting på et underlag. Flytende akselerator tilsettes betongen umiddelbart før den sprøytes, ved å tilføres et sprøytemunnstykke for betongen. Ved at det benyttes akselerator kan det sprøytes forholdsvis tykke lag, og fremdriften av sprøytingen kan skje hurtigere enn ved sprøyting uten akselerator. The present invention relates to the addition of accelerators in shotcrete. An accelerator is an additive that accelerates the hardening of the concrete after spraying on a substrate. Liquid accelerator is added to the concrete immediately before it is sprayed, by supplying a spray nozzle for the concrete. By using an accelerator, relatively thick layers can be sprayed, and the progress of the spraying can be faster than when spraying without an accelerator.
Oppfinnelsen angår også en fremgangsmåte og utstyr for tilsetning og dosering av slike akseleratorer og/eller andre tilsetninger til betong. The invention also relates to a method and equipment for adding and dosing such accelerators and/or other additives to concrete.
Som akselerator har vært benyttet natriumsilikat og -aluminat, kaliumsilikat og -aluminat. Slike stoffer medfører alkaliske reaksjoner i betongen, og det er fare for alkaliekiselreaksjon på tilslaget i betongen, hvilket kan ha skadelig virkning mht. betongens bestandighet. Reaksjonen oppstår når Na<+>og K<+>er til stede i for store mengder, og når tilslaget er reaktivt. Reaksjonen viser seg vanligvis etter lang tid, f.eks. Sodium silicate and aluminate, potassium silicate and aluminate have been used as accelerators. Such substances cause alkaline reactions in the concrete, and there is a risk of an alkali-silicon reaction on the aggregate in the concrete, which can have a harmful effect in terms of durability of the concrete. The reaction occurs when Na<+>and K<+>are present in excessive amounts, and when the aggregate is reactive. The reaction usually appears after a long time, e.g.
10 - 15 år, og kan da ha medført betydelige skader i betongen.10 - 15 years, and may then have caused significant damage to the concrete.
Det benyttes også alkaliefrie akseleratorer, f.eks. på basis av aluminiumhydroksid, men disse akseleratorer er ikke flytende. Selv om slike pulverformede akseleratorer kan slemmes opp til en flytende slurry og doseres i flytende form, er det store problemer med lagringsbestandighet og dermed anvendelsen. Alkali-free accelerators are also used, e.g. on the basis of aluminum hydroxide, but these accelerators are not liquid. Although such powdered accelerators can be slurried into a liquid slurry and dosed in liquid form, there are major problems with storage stability and thus application.
I henhold til den foreliggende oppfinnelse er det kommet frem til at det som akselerator eller som bestanddeler i en akselerator kan benyttes litiumsilikat og litiumaluminat, eller aluminium i sur eller basisk løsning, med anioner eller kationer som ikke er betongaggressive, slik som aluminiumformiat og aluminiumnitrat, i form av rene salter eller blandinger, eller oksalsyre/oksalat. According to the present invention, it has been concluded that lithium silicate and lithium aluminate, or aluminum in acidic or basic solution, with anions or cations that are not concrete aggressive, such as aluminum formate and aluminum nitrate, can be used as an accelerator or as components of an accelerator. in the form of pure salts or mixtures, or oxalic acid/oxalate.
Ved bruk av slike akseleratorer alene, henholdsvis i blanding med natrium- eller kaliumsilikat/natrium- eller kaliumaluminat, skjer ingen eller bare en begrenset alkalisk reaksjon i betongen. Disse akseleratorer kan således benyttes alene, eller sammen med natriumsilikat og/eller natriumaluminat og/eller kaliumsilikat cg/eller kaliumaluminat, slik at tilsetningen av silikater eller aluminater som bevirker alkaliske reaksjoner elimineres eller minskes. When such accelerators are used alone, respectively in a mixture with sodium or potassium silicate/sodium or potassium aluminate, no or only a limited alkaline reaction occurs in the concrete. These accelerators can thus be used alone, or together with sodium silicate and/or sodium aluminate and/or potassium silicate and/or potassium aluminate, so that the addition of silicates or aluminates which cause alkaline reactions is eliminated or reduced.
På grunn av den høye prisen på litium bør litiumsilikat eller -aluminat alene bare Due to the high price of lithium, lithium silicate or -aluminate alone should only
benyttes i særlige tilfeller.used in special cases.
Når akseleratoren består av eller inneholder oksalsyre eller oksalat, vil det når akseleratoren tilsettes til sprøytebetong dannes kalsiumoksalat på grunn av kalsiuminnholdet i betongen. Kalsiumoksalatet utgjør et nærmest inert fyllstoff, som er tungt oppløselig. Når akseleratoren inneholder eller består av aluminiumoksalat, bringes aluminiumioner inn i betongen. Aluminiumoksalatet kan inngå i en vandig oppløsning, som også kan inneholde andre aluminiumsalter som i små mengder ikke gir noen skadelig virkning, f.eks. sulfat eller nitrat. When the accelerator consists of or contains oxalic acid or oxalate, when the accelerator is added to shotcrete, calcium oxalate will form due to the calcium content in the concrete. The calcium oxalate constitutes an almost inert filler, which is difficult to dissolve. When the accelerator contains or consists of aluminum oxalate, aluminum ions are introduced into the concrete. The aluminum oxalate can be part of an aqueous solution, which can also contain other aluminum salts which in small quantities do not have any harmful effect, e.g. sulfate or nitrate.
Ved en fremgangsmåte i henhold til oppfinnelsen tilsettes to eller flere akseleratorer selektivt ved å tilføres et sprøytemunnstykke for betong i separate ledninger, for regulering av blandingsforholdet mellom to eller flere akseleratorer. Alternativt, eller i tillegg, kan stoffer tilsettes betongen før denne kommer frem til sprøytemunnstykket, slik at stoffene får lengre tid til å reagere innen betongen sprøytes. In a method according to the invention, two or more accelerators are added selectively by supplying a spray nozzle for concrete in separate lines, to regulate the mixing ratio between two or more accelerators. Alternatively, or in addition, substances can be added to the concrete before it reaches the spray nozzle, so that the substances have more time to react before the concrete is sprayed.
Betongen kan dessuten tilsettes f.eks. viskositets- eller konsistensregulatorer, evt. avbindingsregulatorer, slik som polyetylenoksyder og små mengder naftalensulfanater, f.eks. tiksotroperingsmidler som ved tilsetning umiddelbart før sprøytingen forandrer betongens konsistens fra flytende og godt pumpbar og sprøytbar til tyktflytende og tiksotropisk. The concrete can also be added, e.g. viscosity or consistency regulators, possibly setting regulators, such as polyethylene oxides and small amounts of naphthalene sulphonates, e.g. thixotroping agents which, when added immediately before spraying, change the consistency of the concrete from liquid and easily pumpable and sprayable to viscous and thixotropic.
Utstyret i henhold til oppfinnelsen er tilpasset tilsetning av valgbare mengder av to eller flere akseleratorer, konsistensregulatorer eller avbindingsregulatorer ved sprøyting av betong. Utstyret kan muliggjøre tilsetning til et sprøytemunnstykke og/eller tilsetning til betongen før denne kommer til munnstykket. Dermed kan f.eks. litiumsilikat eller-aluminat, henholdsvis aluminium i løsning, henholdsvis aluminiumoksalat tilsettes alene når det er ønskelig å unngå enhver alkaliekiselreaksjon på tilslaget. I tilfeller, eller på steder, der det godtas en viss reaksjon kan litiumsilikat eller- aluminat, henholdsvis aluminium i løsning, henholdsvis aluminiumoksalat tilsettes sammen med akseleratorer basert på natrium eller kalium, og blandingsforholdet kan bestemmes automatisk eller av sprøyteoperatøren. The equipment according to the invention is adapted to the addition of selectable quantities of two or more accelerators, consistency regulators or setting regulators when spraying concrete. The equipment can enable addition to a spray nozzle and/or addition to the concrete before it reaches the nozzle. Thus, e.g. lithium silicate or aluminate, respectively aluminum in solution, respectively aluminum oxalate are added alone when it is desired to avoid any alkali silicon reaction on the aggregate. In cases, or in places, where a certain reaction is accepted, lithium silicate or aluminate, respectively aluminum in solution, respectively aluminum oxalate can be added together with accelerators based on sodium or potassium, and the mixing ratio can be determined automatically or by the sprayer operator.
Utstyret i henhold til oppfinnelsen omfatter således et sprøytemunnstykke for betong, til hvilket er koblet en ledning for tilførsel av betong, og til hvilket det dessuten er koblet to eller flere ledninger for akselerator, evt. konsistensregulator eller avbindingsregulator, med midler for regulering av strømningen i hver ledning, f.eks. ventiler som kan styres automatisk eller betjenes manuelt av en operatør. Sprøytemunnstykket kan være forlenget bakover og være utstyrt med en eller flere tilkoblinger i avstand fra munnstykkets munning, eller en eller flere ledninger kan være utstyrt med en kobling, som følgelig også befinner seg i avstand fra munnstykkets munning. The equipment according to the invention thus includes a spray nozzle for concrete, to which is connected a line for the supply of concrete, and to which are also connected two or more lines for an accelerator, possibly a consistency regulator or a setting regulator, with means for regulating the flow in each wire, e.g. valves that can be controlled automatically or operated manually by an operator. The spray nozzle may be extended rearward and be provided with one or more connections at a distance from the mouth of the nozzle, or one or more lines may be provided with a connector, which is therefore also located at a distance from the mouth of the nozzle.
To eksempler på sprøytemunnstykker i henhold til oppfinnelsen er vist skjematisk på den vedføyde tegning. Two examples of spray nozzles according to the invention are shown schematically in the attached drawing.
Fig. 1 viser sprøyteutstyr for selektiv tilsetning av to akseleratorer.Fig. 1 shows spraying equipment for the selective addition of two accelerators.
Fig. 2 viser et sprøyteutstyr for selektiv tilsetning av tre akseleratorer.Fig. 2 shows a spraying equipment for the selective addition of three accelerators.
Hver av de viste eksempler på sprøyteutstyr i henhold til oppfinnelsen omfatter et sprøytemunnstykke 1, et blandekammer 2, en tilførselsledning 3 for flytende betong og en trykkluftledning 4. Fig. 1 viser to tilførselsledninger 5, 7 for akselerator, med en reguleringsventil 6, 8 for hver av ledningene 5, 7. Det kan således tilsettes selektivt akseleratorer gjennom ledningene 5 og 7. Den ene av ledningene 5, 7 kan stenges, for tilsetning av bare én akselerator, gjennom den andre ledningen. Fig. 2 viser dessuten en tilførselsledning 9 som er tilkoblet ledningen 7, og ledningen 9 har også en reguleringsventil 10. Each of the shown examples of spraying equipment according to the invention comprises a spray nozzle 1, a mixing chamber 2, a supply line 3 for liquid concrete and a compressed air line 4. Fig. 1 shows two supply lines 5, 7 for accelerator, with a control valve 6, 8 for each of the lines 5, 7. Accelerators can thus be selectively added through the lines 5 and 7. One of the lines 5, 7 can be closed, for the addition of only one accelerator, through the other line. Fig. 2 also shows a supply line 9 which is connected to the line 7, and the line 9 also has a control valve 10.
Dette gir økede muligheter for selektiv tilførsel. En av ledningene 5, 7, 9 kan benyttes for tilsetning av et konsistensregulerende middel eller et tiksotroperingsmiddel. This gives increased opportunities for selective supply. One of the lines 5, 7, 9 can be used for adding a consistency-regulating agent or a thixotroping agent.
I alle tilfeller drives blandingen av betong, akselerator/akseleratorer og evt. avbindingsregulerende middel eller konsistensregulerende middel (flyt- eller tiksotroperingsmiddel) ut gjennom munnstykket 1. Operatøren kan velge tilsetningene og blandingsforholdet mellom disse ved hjelp av ventilene 6, 8, 10, eller ventilene kan styres automatisk. In all cases, the mixture of concrete, accelerator/accelerators and any setting-regulating agent or consistency-regulating agent (flow or thixotroping agent) is driven out through nozzle 1. The operator can choose the additives and the mixing ratio between these using valves 6, 8, 10, or the valves can be controlled automatically.
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO962925A NO962925L (en) | 1996-03-29 | 1996-07-12 | Spray Concrete Accelerator, and Methods and Equipment for Addition to Spray Concrete |
| PCT/NO1997/000082 WO1997036839A1 (en) | 1996-03-29 | 1997-03-25 | Addition of accelerators in gunite |
| AU24135/97A AU2413597A (en) | 1996-03-29 | 1997-03-25 | Addition of accelerators in gunite |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO961277A NO961277D0 (en) | 1996-03-29 | 1996-03-29 | Spray Concrete Accelerator, and Methods and Equipment for Addition to Spray Concrete |
| NO962925A NO962925L (en) | 1996-03-29 | 1996-07-12 | Spray Concrete Accelerator, and Methods and Equipment for Addition to Spray Concrete |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO962925D0 NO962925D0 (en) | 1996-07-12 |
| NO962925L true NO962925L (en) | 1997-09-30 |
Family
ID=26648653
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO962925A NO962925L (en) | 1996-03-29 | 1996-07-12 | Spray Concrete Accelerator, and Methods and Equipment for Addition to Spray Concrete |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2413597A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO962925L (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997036839A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5846979A (en) | 1997-02-28 | 1998-12-08 | Gpi Nil Holdings, Inc. | N-oxides of heterocyclic esters, amides, thioesters, and ketones |
| ATE229487T1 (en) | 1999-10-29 | 2002-12-15 | Sika Ag | LOW VISCOSITY, STABILIZED SETTING AND HARDENING ACCELERATOR |
| US20130008355A1 (en) * | 2011-07-06 | 2013-01-10 | Fmc Corporation | Lithium-based concrete admixtures for controlling alkali-silica reactions with enhanced set-time control and processes for making the same |
| NO20121086A1 (en) * | 2012-09-25 | 2014-03-26 | Yara Int Asa | Antifreeze composition for production of resistant concrete under cold temperature conditions |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4046357A (en) * | 1976-12-03 | 1977-09-06 | Construction Systems & Equipment, Inc. | Shotcrete accelerator injection apparatus and method |
| DE3714387A1 (en) * | 1987-04-30 | 1988-11-10 | Degussa | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTINUOUSLY DOSING POWDER-SHAPED SUBSTANCES BY MEANS OF COMPRESSED GAS |
| JPH07103691B2 (en) * | 1990-06-20 | 1995-11-08 | 東亞合成株式会社 | Method for spraying quick-setting spray material |
| CA2158501C (en) * | 1994-09-20 | 2008-11-04 | Stephen A. Farrington | Rapid-setting cementitious composition |
-
1996
- 1996-07-12 NO NO962925A patent/NO962925L/en unknown
-
1997
- 1997-03-25 AU AU24135/97A patent/AU2413597A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-03-25 WO PCT/NO1997/000082 patent/WO1997036839A1/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO962925D0 (en) | 1996-07-12 |
| AU2413597A (en) | 1997-10-22 |
| WO1997036839A1 (en) | 1997-10-09 |
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